101
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Altea‐Manzano P, Cuadros AM, Broadfield LA, Fendt S. Nutrient metabolism and cancer in the in vivo context: a metabolic game of give and take. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e50635. [PMID: 32964587 PMCID: PMC7534637 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrients are indispensable resources that provide the macromolecular building blocks and energy requirements for sustaining cell growth and survival. Cancer cells require several key nutrients to fulfill their changing metabolic needs as they progress through stages of development. Moreover, both cell-intrinsic and microenvironment-influenced factors determine nutrient dependencies throughout cancer progression-for which a comprehensive characterization remains incomplete. In addition to the widely studied role of genetic alterations driving cancer metabolism, nutrient use in cancer tissue may be affected by several factors including the following: (i) diet, the primary source of bodily nutrients which influences circulating metabolite levels; (ii) tissue of origin, which can influence the tumor's reliance on specific nutrients to support cell metabolism and growth; (iii) local microenvironment, which dictates the accessibility of nutrients to tumor cells; (iv) tumor heterogeneity, which promotes metabolic plasticity and adaptation to nutrient demands; and (v) functional demand, which intensifies metabolic reprogramming to fuel the phenotypic changes required for invasion, growth, or survival. Here, we discuss the influence of these factors on nutrient metabolism and dependence during various steps of tumor development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Altea‐Manzano
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationVIB‐KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationDepartment of OncologyKU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI)LeuvenBelgium
| | - Alejandro M Cuadros
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationVIB‐KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationDepartment of OncologyKU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI)LeuvenBelgium
| | - Lindsay A Broadfield
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationVIB‐KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationDepartment of OncologyKU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI)LeuvenBelgium
| | - Sarah‐Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationVIB‐KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationDepartment of OncologyKU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI)LeuvenBelgium
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102
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Positron Emission Tomography for Response Evaluation in Microenvironment-Targeted Anti-Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8090371. [PMID: 32972006 PMCID: PMC7556039 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic response is evaluated using the diameter of tumors and quantitative parameters of 2-[18F] fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). Tumor response to molecular-targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors is different from conventional chemotherapy in terms of temporal metabolic alteration and morphological change after the therapy. Cancer stem cells, immunologically competent cells, and metabolism of cancer are considered targets of novel therapy. Accumulation of FDG reflects the glucose metabolism of cancer cells as well as immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, which differs among patients according to the individual immune function; however, FDG-PET could evaluate the viability of the tumor as a whole. On the other hand, specific imaging and cell tracking of cancer cell or immunological cell subsets does not elucidate tumor response in a complexed interaction in the tumor microenvironment. Considering tumor heterogeneity and individual variation in therapeutic response, a radiomics approach with quantitative features of multimodal images and deep learning algorithm with reference to pathologic and genetic data has the potential to improve response assessment for emerging cancer therapy.
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103
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Costa-Silva T, Costa I, Biasoto H, Lima G, Silva C, Pessoa A, Monteiro G. Critical overview of the main features and techniques used for the evaluation of the clinical applicability of L-asparaginase as a biopharmaceutical to treat blood cancer. Blood Rev 2020; 43:100651. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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104
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Mosalem O, Abu Rous F, Elshafie A, Isaac D. Bilateral breast masses as a presentation for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/8/e236263. [PMID: 32847887 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe a 27-year-old woman, 5 months post partum, who presented to the emergency department with bilateral breast masses. She was initially treated as lactational mastitis with no improvement. Breast ultrasound showed bilateral breast and axillary lymphadenopathy suggestive of metastatic/neoplastic process, and chest X-ray showed a large anterior mediastinal mass. Further work-up led to the diagnosis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The patient was started on a paediatric regimen using the children's oncology group AALL0434 protocol. The patient achieved a complete remission following induction chemotherapy with resolution of her presenting symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Mosalem
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA .,Department of Medicine, Sparrow Hospital, Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Fawzi Abu Rous
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ahmed Elshafie
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Department of Medicine, Sparrow Hospital, Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel Isaac
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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105
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Study of L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, and Dexamethasone Combined With Intensity-modulated Radiation Therapy in Early-Stage Nasal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma. Am J Clin Oncol 2020; 43:257-262. [PMID: 31764026 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is aggressive, and carries a poor prognosis worldwide. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of the LVD regimen (L-asparaginase, vincristine, and dexamethasone) combined with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for the treatment of early-stage nasal NKTCL in a Chinese population. METHODS The clinical data were collected from patients treated between March 2010 and January 2017. Patients received LVD chemotherapy combined with IMRT, and were followed for 30 to 90 months. All received radiotherapy at the end of the first/second cycle of chemotherapy. The survival curves were generated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Among 94 patients who received 2 to 6 cycles (mean, 4 cycles) of treatments, 56 and 25 achieved complete and partial remission, respectively; 2 and 11 experienced stable disease and progressive disease. The overall objective response was 86.2%. Patients with elevated lactate dehydrogenase and skin invasion had a lower objective response rate. The progression-free survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 90.3%, 73.5%, and 71.3%; the corresponding overall survival rates were 91.4%, 74.3%, and 74.3%. The main adverse events were myelosuppression (63.8% grades I to II, 12.8% grade III), gastrointestinal symptoms (63.8% grades I to II), hepatic lesion (55.3% grades I to II), hypoproteinemia (46.8% grades I to II), skin allergies (77.7% grades I to II, 3.2% grade III), and oral mucosal lesions (44.7% grades I to II, 33% grade III). No severe pancreatitis, anaphylaxis, or toxicity-related death was observed. CONCLUSION In patients with early-stage nasal NKTCL, our LVD-IMRT regimen produced excellent, durable therapeutic benefit in most patients, with acceptable toxicity and no acute mortality.
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106
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Chepikova OE, Malin D, Strekalova E, Lukasheva EV, Zamyatnin AA, Cryns VL. Lysine oxidase exposes a dependency on the thioredoxin antioxidant pathway in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 183:549-564. [PMID: 32696316 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transformed cells are vulnerable to depletion of certain amino acids. Lysine oxidase (LO) catalyzes the oxidative deamination of lysine, resulting in lysine depletion and hydrogen peroxide production. Although LO has broad antitumor activity in preclinical models, the cytotoxic mechanisms of LO are poorly understood. METHODS Triple (ER/PR/HER2)-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells were treated with control media, lysine-free media or control media supplemented with LO and examined for cell viability, caspase activation, induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant signaling. To determine the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and thioredoxin reductase-1 (TXNRD1) in LO-induced cell death, NRF2 and TXNRD1 were individually silenced by RNAi. Additionally, the pan-TXNRD inhibitor auranofin was used in combination with LO. RESULTS LO activates caspase-independent cell death that is suppressed by necroptosis and ferroptosis inhibitors, which are inactive against lysine depletion, pointing to fundamental differences between LO and lysine depletion. LO rapidly induces ROS with a return to baseline levels within 24 h that coincides temporally with induction of TXNRD activity, the rate-limiting enzyme in the thioredoxin antioxidant pathway. ROS induction is required for LO-mediated cell death and NRF2-dependent induction of TXNRD1. Silencing NRF2 or TXNRD1 enhances the cytotoxicity of LO. The pan-TXNRD inhibitor auranofin is synergistic with LO against transformed breast epithelial cells, but not untransformed cells, underscoring the tumor-selectivity of this strategy. CONCLUSIONS LO exposes a redox vulnerability of TNBC cells to TXNRD inhibition by rendering tumor cells dependent on the thioredoxin antioxidant pathway for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga E Chepikova
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, MFCB 4144, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Malin
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, MFCB 4144, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Elena Strekalova
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, MFCB 4144, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Elena V Lukasheva
- Peoples' Friendship, University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vincent L Cryns
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, MFCB 4144, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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107
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Lee CH, Grey F. Systems Virology and Human Cytomegalovirus: Using High Throughput Approaches to Identify Novel Host-Virus Interactions During Lytic Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:280. [PMID: 32587832 PMCID: PMC7298070 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a highly prevalent herpesvirus, persistently infecting between 30 and 100% of the population, depending on socio-economic status (Fields et al., 2013). HCMV remains an important clinical pathogen accounting for more than 60% of complications associated with solid organ transplant patients (Kotton, 2013; Kowalsky et al., 2013; Bruminhent and Razonable, 2014). It is also the leading cause of infectious congenital birth defects and has been linked to chronic inflammation and immune aging (Ballard et al., 1979; Griffith et al., 2016; Jergovic et al., 2019). There is currently no effective vaccine and HCMV antivirals have significant side effects. As current antivirals target viral genes, the virus can develop resistance, reducing drug efficacy. There is therefore an urgent need for new antiviral agents that are effective against HCMV, have better toxicity profiles and are less vulnerable to the emergence of resistant strains. Targeting of host factors that are critical to virus replication is a potential strategy for the development of novel antivirals that circumvent the development of viral resistance. Systematic high throughput approaches provide powerful methods for the identification of novel host-virus interactions. As well as contributing to our basic understanding of virus and cell biology, such studies provide potential targets for the development of novel antiviral agents. High-throughput studies, such as RNA sequencing, proteomics, and RNA interference screens, are useful tools to identify HCMV-induced global changes in host mRNA and protein expression levels and host factors important for virus replication. Here, we summarize new findings on HCMV lytic infection from high-throughput studies since 2014 and how screening approaches have evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hsuin Lee
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Finn Grey
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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108
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Toxicity Analysis of Recombinant L-asparaginase I and II in Zebrafish. Indian J Microbiol 2020; 60:535-538. [PMID: 33088004 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-020-00890-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginases are extensively applied in the treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). The treatment regime of ALL consists of asparaginase from E. coli or Erwinia. The survival rate post-chemotherapy has increased to < 90% in recent years. Asparaginase therapy has also resulted in numerous toxicities to patients receiving therapy. This study demonstrates the reaction of normal cells of Danio rerio to asparaginase therapy. L-asparaginase I and II used in the present study are from two probiotic Lactobacillus species in comparison with a commercial L-asparaginase of E. coli origin. Zebrafish adults were injected with 2500 U/kg body weight of L-asparaginase treatments. The expression of SOD 2, CAT, GST, GTP BP3, FADS2 were analyzed with EF1α as house-keeping gene. The p value obtained proves that the data are significant. The histology of the L-asparaginase I treated fishes showed dilated sinusoids in the liver and pseudocyst in the pancreas. The L-asparaginase II and commercial asparaginase showed no pathology.
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109
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Schmidt S, Denk S, Wiegering A. Targeting Protein Synthesis in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051298. [PMID: 32455578 PMCID: PMC7281195 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, protein synthesis controls cell growth and survival and is strictly regulated. Deregulation of protein synthesis is a frequent event in cancer. The majority of mutations found in colorectal cancer (CRC), including alterations in the WNT pathway as well as activation of RAS/MAPK and PI3K/AKT and, subsequently, mTOR signaling, lead to deregulation of the translational machinery. Besides mutations in upstream signaling pathways, deregulation of global protein synthesis occurs through additional mechanisms including altered expression or activity of initiation and elongation factors (e.g., eIF4F, eIF2α/eIF2B, eEF2) as well as upregulation of components involved in ribosome biogenesis and factors that control the adaptation of translation in response to stress (e.g., GCN2). Therefore, influencing mechanisms that control mRNA translation may open a therapeutic window for CRC. Over the last decade, several potential therapeutic strategies targeting these alterations have been investigated and have shown promising results in cell lines, intestinal organoids, and mouse models. Despite these encouraging in vitro results, patients have not clinically benefited from those advances so far. In this review, we outline the mechanisms that lead to deregulated mRNA translation in CRC and highlight recent progress that has been made in developing therapeutic strategies that target these mechanisms for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; (S.S.); (S.D.)
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Denk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; (S.S.); (S.D.)
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Armin Wiegering
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; (S.S.); (S.D.)
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-931-20138714
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110
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Optimization of aqueous two-phase micellar system for partial purification of L-asparaginase from Penicillium sp. grown in wheat bran as agro-industrial residue. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:979-988. [PMID: 32424715 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase has been used in the remission of malignant neoplasms such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The search for new sources of this enzyme has become attractive for therapeutics. Traditional methods for biomolecule purification involve several steps. A two-phase system may be a good strategy to anticipate one of these stages. This study aimed to produce and purify a fungal L-asparaginase through an aqueous two-phase micellar system (ATPMS) using Triton X-114. The fungus Penicillium sp.-encoded 2DSST1 was isolated from Cerrado soil. Plackett-Burman design followed by a 24 full factorial design was used to determine the best conditions to produce L-asparaginase. The evaluated variables were L-asparagine, L-proline, wheat bran, potato dextrose broth, ammonium sulfate, yeast extract, sucrose and glucose concentrations, incubation temperature, incubation period, and initial pH of the culture medium. L-asparaginase quantification was valued by the formation of β-aspartyl hydroxamate. The significant positive variables, L-asparagine, L-proline, potato dextrose broth, and sucrose concentrations, were evaluated at 2 levels (+ 1 and - 1) with triplicate of the central point. After 34 runs, maximum activity (2.33 IU/mL) was achieved at the factorial design central point. A central composite design was performed in ATPMS at two levels (+ 1 and - 1) varying Triton X-114 concentration (w/v), separation phase temperature, and crude extract concentration (w/v). The L-asparaginase partition coefficient (K) was considered the experimental design response. Out of the 16 systems that were examined, the most promising presented a purification factor of 1.4 and a yield of 100%.
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111
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Radha R, Gummadi SN. Optimisation of physical parameters pH and temperature for maximised activity and stability of Vibrio cholerae L-asparaginase by statistical experimental design. Chem Ind 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00194506.2020.1758224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Remya Radha
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Sathyanarayana N. Gummadi
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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112
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Lubkowski J, Vanegas J, Chan WK, Lorenzi PL, Weinstein JN, Sukharev S, Fushman D, Rempe S, Anishkin A, Wlodawer A. Mechanism of Catalysis by l-Asparaginase. Biochemistry 2020; 59:1927-1945. [PMID: 32364696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Two bacterial type II l-asparaginases, from Escherichia coli and Dickeya chrysanthemi, have played a critical role for more than 40 years as therapeutic agents against juvenile leukemias and lymphomas. Despite a long history of successful pharmacological applications and the apparent simplicity of the catalytic reaction, controversies still exist regarding major steps of the mechanism. In this report, we provide a detailed description of the reaction catalyzed by E. coli type II l-asparaginase (EcAII). Our model was developed on the basis of new structural and biochemical experiments combined with previously published data. The proposed mechanism is supported by quantum chemistry calculations based on density functional theory. We provide strong evidence that EcAII catalyzes the reaction according to the double-displacement (ping-pong) mechanism, with formation of a covalent intermediate. Several steps of catalysis by EcAII are unique when compared to reactions catalyzed by other known hydrolytic enzymes. Here, the reaction is initiated by a weak nucleophile, threonine, without direct assistance of a general base, although a distant general base is identified. Furthermore, tetrahedral intermediates formed during the catalytic process are stabilized by a never previously described motif. Although the scheme of the catalytic mechanism was developed only on the basis of data obtained from EcAII and its variants, this novel mechanism of enzymatic hydrolysis could potentially apply to most (and possibly all) l-asparaginases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Lubkowski
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Juan Vanegas
- Department of Physics, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05408, United States
| | - Wai-Kin Chan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Philip L Lorenzi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - John N Weinstein
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Sergei Sukharev
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - David Fushman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Susan Rempe
- Center for Biological and Engineering Sciences, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Andriy Anishkin
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Alexander Wlodawer
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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113
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Gagné V, St-Onge P, Beaulieu P, Laverdière C, Leclerc JM, Tran TH, Sallan SE, Neuberg D, Silverman LB, Sinnett D, Krajinovic M. HLA alleles associated with asparaginase hypersensitivity in childhood ALL: a report from the DFCI Consortium. Pharmacogenomics 2020; 21:541-547. [PMID: 32372697 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2019-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and native Escherichia coli asparaginase hypersensitivity (AH) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who received Dana-Farber Cancer Institute treatment protocols. Patients & methods: HLA-DQA1, HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles were retrieved from available whole exome sequencing data of a subset of childhood ALL patients from Quebec ALL cohort and analyzed for an association with AH. PCR assay was developed to analyze associated alleles in the entire discovery and replication cohorts. Results: Two alleles in linkage disequilibrium (HLA-DRB1*07:01 and DQA1*02:01) were associated with AH. Additional analyses, performed to distinguish between HLA-DRB1*07:01 haplotypes with and without DQB1*02:02 allele, showed that the association was dependent on the presence of DQB1*02:02. Conclusion: This study confirms the implication of HLA-DRB1*07:01, DQA1*02:01 and DQB1*02:02 alleles in developing AH in childhood ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Gagné
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Pascal St-Onge
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Patrick Beaulieu
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Caroline Laverdière
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1C5, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jean-Marie Leclerc
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1C5, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Thai H Tran
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1C5, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Stephen E Sallan
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Donna Neuberg
- Department of Biostatistics & Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lewis B Silverman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1C5, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Maja Krajinovic
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1C5, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
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114
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Fulcher J, Carrier M. Thromboembolism prophylaxis during L-asparaginase therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia - time to reconsider current approaches? Thromb Res 2020; 188:100-102. [PMID: 32120278 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is the commonest malignancy in childhood with a second incidence peak in adulthood. Improvements in pediatric therapy including the addition of L-asparaginase (L-ASP) have enabled cure rates in excess of 90% to be achieved in children. More recently L-ASP-containing pediatric protocols are being used to treat younger adults with ALL and have improved survival by approximately 2-fold. However, a toxicity associated with L-ASP-containing therapy in ALL is venous thromboembolism (VTE) which is associated with significant morbidity in this patient population and results in interruptions in L-ASP therapy that can impact on survival outcomes. The incidence of VTE among adult patients with ALL receiving L-ASP containing therapy has been reported to be as high as 43%. Despite this, there is a lack of evidence-based recommendations for VTE prophylaxis in this clinical context; low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and/or AT replacement have mostly been used. The low-quality data and inconveniences associated with these VTE prophylaxis regimens highlight the need to evaluate alternatives such as direct oral anticoagulants for the prevention of L-ASP-associated VTE in ALL. This narrative will review the body of evidence on primary thromboprophylaxis in adult patients with ALL receiving L-ASP containing therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fulcher
- Department of Medicine, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute at the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - M Carrier
- Department of Medicine, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute at the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Ahn MB, Suh BK. Bone morbidity in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020; 25:1-9. [PMID: 32252210 PMCID: PMC7136509 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2020.25.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), currently the most common pediatric leukemia, has a high curability rate of up to 90%. Endocrine disorders are highly prevalent in children with ALL, and skeletal morbidity is a major issue induced by multiple factors associated with ALL. Leukemia itself is a predominant risk factor for decreased bone formation, and major bone destruction occurs secondary to chemotherapeutic agents. Glucocorticoids are cornerstone drugs used throughout the course of ALL treatment that exert significant effects on demineralization and osteoclastogenesis. After completion of treatment, ALL survivors are prone to multiple hormone deficiencies that eventually affect bone mineral accrual. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, the most widely used method of measuring bone mineral density, is used to determine the presence of childhood osteoporosis and vertebral fracture. Supplementation with calcium and vitamin D, administration of pyrophosphate analogues, and promotion of mobility and exercise are effective options to prevent further bone resorption and fracture incidence. This review focuses on addressing bone morbidity after pediatric ALL treatment and provides an overview of bone pathology based on skeletal outcomes to increase awareness among pediatric hemato-oncologists and endocrinologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Bae Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Kyu Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea,Address for correspondence: Byung-Kyu Suh, MD, PhD Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea Tel: +82-2-2258-6756 Fax: +82-2-537-4544 E-mail:
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Agnello G, Alters SE, Rowlinson SW. Preclinical safety and antitumor activity of the arginine-degrading therapeutic enzyme pegzilarginase, a PEGylated, cobalt-substituted recombinant human arginase 1. Transl Res 2020; 217:11-22. [PMID: 31954097 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic remodeling contributes to the development and progression of some cancers and exposes them to vulnerabilities, including specific nutrient dependencies that can be targeted therapeutically. Arginine is a semiessential amino acid, and several cancers are unable to endogenously synthesize sufficient levels of arginine for survival and proliferation, most commonly due to reduced expression of argininosuccinate synthase (ASS1). Such cancers are dependent on arginine and they can be targeted via enzyme-mediated depletion of systemic arginine. We report the preclinical safety, antitumor efficacy, and immune-potentiating effects of pegzilarginase, a highly potent human arginine-degrading enzyme. Toxicology studies showed that pegzilarginase-mediated arginine depletion is well tolerated at therapeutic levels that elicit an antitumor growth effect. To determine which tumor types are best suited for clinical development, we profiled clinical tumor samples for ASS1 expression, which correlated with pegzilarginase sensitivity in vivo in patient-derived xenograft (PDx) models. Among the histologies tested, malignant melanoma, small cell lung cancer and Merkel cell carcinoma had the highest prevalence of low ASS1 expression, the highest proportion of PDx models responding to pegzilarginase, and the strongest correlation between low or no ASS1 expression and sensitivity to pegzilarginase. In an immune-competent syngeneic mouse model, pegzilarginase slowed tumor growth and promoted the recruitment of CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. This is consistent with the known autophagy-inducing effects of arginine depletion, and the link between autophagy and major histocompatibility complex antigen presentation to T cells. Our work supports the ongoing clinical investigations of pegzilarginase in solid tumors and clinical combination of pegzilarginase with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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117
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Wang Y, Ma S, Ruzzo WL. Spatial modeling of prostate cancer metabolic gene expression reveals extensive heterogeneity and selective vulnerabilities. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3490. [PMID: 32103057 PMCID: PMC7044328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60384-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial heterogeneity is a fundamental feature of the tumor microenvironment (TME), and tackling spatial heterogeneity in neoplastic metabolic aberrations is critical for tumor treatment. Genome-scale metabolic network models have been used successfully to simulate cancer metabolic networks. However, most models use bulk gene expression data of entire tumor biopsies, ignoring spatial heterogeneity in the TME. To account for spatial heterogeneity, we performed spatially-resolved metabolic network modeling of the prostate cancer microenvironment. We discovered novel malignant-cell-specific metabolic vulnerabilities targetable by small molecule compounds. We predicted that inhibiting the fatty acid desaturase SCD1 may selectively kill cancer cells based on our discovery of spatial separation of fatty acid synthesis and desaturation. We also uncovered higher prostaglandin metabolic gene expression in the tumor, relative to the surrounding tissue. Therefore, we predicted that inhibiting the prostaglandin transporter SLCO2A1 may selectively kill cancer cells. Importantly, SCD1 and SLCO2A1 have been previously shown to be potently and selectively inhibited by compounds such as CAY10566 and suramin, respectively. We also uncovered cancer-selective metabolic liabilities in central carbon, amino acid, and lipid metabolism. Our novel cancer-specific predictions provide new opportunities to develop selective drug targets for prostate cancer and other cancers where spatial transcriptomics datasets are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Wang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Shuyi Ma
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Walter L Ruzzo
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA
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118
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Chand S, Mahajan RV, Prasad JP, Sahoo DK, Mihooliya KN, Dhar MS, Sharma G. A comprehensive review on microbial l-asparaginase: Bioprocessing, characterization, and industrial applications. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 67:619-647. [PMID: 31954377 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
l-Asparaginase (E.C.3.5.1.1.) is a vital enzyme that hydrolyzes l-asparagine to l-aspartic acid and ammonia. This property of l-asparaginase inhibits the protein synthesis in cancer cells, making l-asparaginase a mainstay of pediatric chemotherapy practices to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. l-Asparaginase is also recognized as one of the important food processing agent. The removal of asparagine by l-asparaginase leads to the reduction of acrylamide formation in fried food items. l-Asparaginase is produced by various organisms including animals, plants, and microorganisms, however, only microorganisms that produce a substantial amount of this enzyme are of commercial significance. The commercial l-asparaginase for healthcare applications is chiefly derived from Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi. A high rate of hypersensitivity and adverse reactions limits the long-term clinical use of l-asparaginase. Present review provides thorough information on microbial l-asparaginase bioprocess optimization including submerged fermentation and solid-state fermentation for l-asparaginase production, downstream purification, its characterization, and issues related to the clinical application including toxicity and hypersensitivity. Here, we have highlighted the bioprocess techniques that can produce improved and economically viable yields of l-asparaginase from promising microbial sources in the current scenario where there is an urgent need for alternate l-asparaginase with less adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Chand
- National Institute of Biologicals (Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Richi V Mahajan
- National Institute of Biologicals (Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jai Prakash Prasad
- National Institute of Biologicals (Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Debendra K Sahoo
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kanti Nandan Mihooliya
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mahesh S Dhar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Girish Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Amity Centre for Cancer Epidemiology & Cancer Research, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Cawley JR, Wright ZM, Meleo K, Post GS, Clifford CA, Vickery KR, Vail DM, Bergman PJ, Thamm DH. Concurrent use of rabacfosadine and L-asparaginase for relapsed or refractory multicentric lymphoma in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:882-889. [PMID: 32064697 PMCID: PMC7096650 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rabacfosadine (RAB), a novel antineoplastic agent conditionally licensed for the treatment of lymphoma in dogs, is efficacious in both naïve and previously treated dogs. Its use in combination with L‐asparaginase (L‐ASP) has not been studied. Hypothesis/Objectives To evaluate the safety and efficacy of L‐ASP given concurrently with RAB in dogs with relapsed multicentric lymphoma. Animals Fifty‐two dogs with relapse of lymphoma after treatment with at least 1 doxorubicin‐based chemotherapy protocol. Methods Open‐label, multicenter, prospective single‐arm clinical trial. Dogs were treated with RAB at 1.0 mg/kg IV every 21 days for up to a total of 5 doses. L‐asparaginase was administered at 400 IU/kg SQ concurrently with the first 2 treatments of RAB. Results The overall response rate (ORR) for all dogs was 67%, with 19 dogs (41%) achieving a complete response (CR). The median progression‐free survival time (MPFS) was 63 days (range 5‐428 days). Dogs experiencing a CR as their best response had an MPFS of 144 days (range 44‐428 days). Adverse events were similar to previous studies evaluating single agent RAB. Failure to achieve a CR and having previously received L‐ASP were negative prognostic factors on multivariate analysis. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Concurrent RAB/L‐ASP appears to be both efficacious and safe for treating relapsed multicentric lymphoma in dogs. Adverse events were most often mild and no unexpected toxicoses were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Cawley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David M Vail
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Douglas H Thamm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Developmental Therapeutics Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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120
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Microbial enzymes for deprivation of amino acid metabolism in malignant cells: biological strategy for cancer treatment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:2857-2869. [PMID: 32037468 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10432-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Amino acid deprivation therapy (AADT) is emerging as a promising strategy for the development of novel therapeutics against cancer. This biological therapy relies upon the differences in the metabolism of cancer and normal cells. The rapid growth of tumors results in decreased expression of certain enzymes leading to auxotrophy for some specific amino acids. These auxotrophic tumors are targeted by amino acid-depleting enzymes. The depletion of amino acid selectively inhibits tumor growth as the normal cells can synthesize amino acids by their usual machinery. The enzymes used in AADT are mostly obtained from microbes for their easy availability. Microbial L-asparaginase is already approved by FDA for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Arginine deiminase and methionase are under clinical trials and the therapeutic potential of lysine oxidase, glutaminase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase is also being explored. The present review provides an overview of microbial amino acid depriving enzymes. Various attributes of these enzymes like structure, mode of action, production, formulations, and targeted cancers are discussed. The challenges faced and the combat strategies to establish AADT in standard cancer armamentarium are also reviewed.Key Points • Amino acid deprivation therapy is a potential therapy for auxotrophic tumors. • Microbial enzymes are used due to their ease of manipulation and high productivity. • Enzyme properties are improved by PEGylation, encapsulation, and genetic engineering. • AADT can be employed as combinational therapy for better containment of cancer.
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121
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Immunogenicity assessment of fungal l-asparaginases: an in silico approach. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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122
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In an attempt to identify potential new therapeutic targets, efforts to describe the metabolic features unique to cancer cells are increasingly being reported. Although current standard of care regimens for several pediatric malignancies incorporate agents that target tumor metabolism, these drugs have been part of the therapeutic landscape for decades. More recent research has focused on the identification and targeting of new metabolic vulnerabilities in pediatric cancers. The purpose of this review is to describe the most recent translational findings in the metabolic targeting of pediatric malignancies. RECENT FINDINGS Across multiple pediatric cancer types, dependencies on a number of key metabolic pathways have emerged through study of patient tissue samples and preclinical modeling. Among the potentially targetable vulnerabilities are glucose metabolism via glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, amino acid and polyamine metabolism, and NAD metabolism. Although few agents have yet to move forward into clinical trials for pediatric cancer patients, the robust and promising preclinical data that have been generated suggest that future clinical trials should rationally test metabolically targeted agents for relevant disease populations. SUMMARY Recent advances in our understanding of the metabolic dependencies of pediatric cancers represent a source of potential new therapeutic opportunities for these diseases.
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123
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Battistel AP, Rocha BSD, Santos MTD, Daudt LE, Michalowski MB. Allergic reactions to asparaginase: retrospective cohort study in pediatric patients with acute lymphoid leukemia. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2020; 43:9-14. [PMID: 32014473 PMCID: PMC7910154 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To assess the frequency of allergic reactions to asparaginase (ASP) and possible risk factors for reactions in a cohort of pediatric patients. METHOD The study was performed based on retrospective data from patients under acute lymphoid leukemia treatment in a general university hospital located in southern Brazil. Information on patients who used ASP from 2010 to 2017 was collected. Allergic reactions were identified in electronic medical records. RESULTS Among the 98 patients included in the study, 16 (16.3 %) experienced an allergic reaction to native l-asparaginase (L-ASP). Of the 22 patients (22.4 %) that received only intravenous (IV) administration of l-ASP, 10 (62.5 %) had allergic reactions, while 48 patients (49 %) received intramuscular (IM) administration and 28 (28.6 %) received IV and IM administrations. The occurrence of allergic reactions differed between the groups (p < 0.001), and IV administration was associated with allergic reactions. Association was also observed between the severity of the reaction and the route of administration, with the IM route associated with grade 2 and IV route associated with grade 3. Occurrence of allergic reactions was higher when the commercial formulation of l-ASP, Leuginase®, was used (p = 0.0009 in the analysis per patient and p = 0.0003 in the analysis per administration). CONCLUSIONS The IV administration and commercial Leuginase® presentation were associated with more allergic reactions in the study population, which corroborates the findings in the literature. The IV route was also associated with higher severity of reactions in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liane Esteves Daudt
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Bohns Michalowski
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Long Z, Feng G, Zhao N, Wu L, Zhu H. Isoferulic acid inhibits human leukemia cell growth through induction of G2/M‑phase arrest and inhibition of Akt/mTOR signaling. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1035-1042. [PMID: 31922221 PMCID: PMC7002969 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancy is a serious disease that develops quickly and aggressively, severely threatening human health owing to its high mortality. The current study aimed to evaluate the antitumor effects of isoferulic acid (IFA) on leukemia cells and investigate the possible molecular mechanisms. Hematologic cancer cell lines (Raji, K562 and Jurkat) were treated with IFA in a dose‑dependent manner and proliferation was measured by a cell proliferation assay. Cell cycle arrest was detected via flow cytometry using propidium iodide (PI) staining. Cell apoptosis and apoptosis‑associated signal pathways were analyzed via Annexin V/PI staining and western blot assays, respectively. IFA inhibited cell viability, induced cell apoptosis and triggered cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase in Raji, K562, and Jurkat cells in a dose‑dependent manner. In response to IFA treatment, the levels of cleaved poly(ADP‑ribose) polymerase and cleaved caspase‑3 were increased in Jurkat and K562 cells, which was associated with increased phosphorylation of Cdc2 and reduction of Cyclin B1 levels. IFA remarkably attenuated the phosphorylation of mTOR and Akt in Jurkat cells. Collectively, the present data suggested that IFA had therapeutic effects on Jurkat, K562, and Raji cells, indicating it as a promising candidate for the treatment of hematologic malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Long
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| | - Guangjia Feng
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
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125
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Tosur M, Viau-Colindres J, Astudillo M, Redondo MJ, Lyons SK. Medication-induced hyperglycemia: pediatric perspective. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e000801. [PMID: 31958298 PMCID: PMC6954773 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Medication-induced hyperglycemia is a frequently encountered clinical problem in children. The intent of this review of medications that cause hyperglycemia and their mechanisms of action is to help guide clinicians in prevention, screening and management of pediatric drug-induced hyperglycemia. We conducted a thorough literature review in PubMed and Cochrane libraries from inception to July 2019. Although many pharmacotherapies that have been associated with hyperglycemia in adults are also used in children, pediatric-specific data on medication-induced hyperglycemia are scarce. The mechanisms of hyperglycemia may involve β cell destruction, decreased insulin secretion and/or sensitivity, and excessive glucose influx. While some medications (eg, glucocorticoids, L-asparaginase, tacrolimus) are markedly associated with high risk of hyperglycemia, the association is less clear in others (eg, clonidine, hormonal contraceptives, amiodarone). In addition to the drug and its dose, patient characteristics, such as obesity or family history of diabetes, affect a child's risk of developing hyperglycemia. Identification of pediatric patients with increased risk of developing hyperglycemia, creating strategies for risk reduction, and treating hyperglycemia in a timely manner may improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Tosur
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Johanna Viau-Colindres
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marcela Astudillo
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Maria Jose Redondo
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sarah K Lyons
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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126
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L-carnitine and Vitamin B Complex for PEG-L-asparaginase-Induced Hepatotoxicity. ACG Case Rep J 2019; 6:e00194. [PMID: 31737724 PMCID: PMC6791645 DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000000194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Asparaginase is a part of combination chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We present a 58-year-old woman with refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed asparaginase-induced hepatotoxicity after receiving intravenous PEG-L-asparaginase-based chemotherapy. The patient presented with hyperbilirubinemia and transaminitis. The patient was diagnosed with drug-induced liver injury due to PEG-L-asparaginase after a thorough evaluation for all other causes and received treatment with L-carnitine and vitamin B complex with normalization of liver numbers. Hepatic dysfunction was attributed to depletion of L-asparagine and glutamine, which impairs mitochondrial β-oxidation and induces steatosis. We reiterate the role of L-carnitine and vitamin B complex for the treatment of asparaginase-induced hepatotoxicity.
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127
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Abou-Alfa GK, Qin S, Ryoo BY, Lu SN, Yen CJ, Feng YH, Lim HY, Izzo F, Colombo M, Sarker D, Bolondi L, Vaccaro G, Harris WP, Chen Z, Hubner RA, Meyer T, Sun W, Harding JJ, Hollywood EM, Ma J, Wan PJ, Ly M, Bomalaski J, Johnston A, Lin CC, Chao Y, Chen LT. Phase III randomized study of second line ADI-PEG 20 plus best supportive care versus placebo plus best supportive care in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2019; 29:1402-1408. [PMID: 29659672 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Arginine depletion is a putative target in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC often lacks argininosuccinate synthetase, a citrulline to arginine-repleting enzyme. ADI-PEG 20 is a cloned arginine degrading enzyme-arginine deiminase-conjugated with polyethylene glycol. The goal of this study was to evaluate this agent as a potential novel therapeutic for HCC after first line systemic therapy. Methods and patients Patients with histologically proven advanced HCC and Child-Pugh up to B7 with prior systemic therapy, were randomized 2 : 1 to ADI-PEG 20 18 mg/m2 versus placebo intramuscular injection weekly. The primary end point was overall survival (OS), with 93% power to detect a 4-5.6 months increase in median OS (one-sided α = 0.025). Secondary end points included progression-free survival, safety, and arginine correlatives. Results A total of 635 patients were enrolled: median age 61, 82% male, 60% Asian, 52% hepatitis B, 26% hepatitis C, 76% stage IV, 91% Child-Pugh A, 70% progressed on sorafenib and 16% were intolerant. Median OS was 7.8 months for ADI-PEG 20 versus 7.4 for placebo (P = 0.88, HR = 1.02) and median progression-free survival 2.6 months versus 2.6 (P = 0.07, HR = 1.17). Grade 3 fatigue and decreased appetite occurred in <5% of patients. Two patients on ADI-PEG 20 had ≥grade 3 anaphylactic reaction. Death rate within 30 days of end of treatment was 15.2% on ADI-PEG 20 versus 10.4% on placebo, none related to therapy. Post hoc analyses of arginine assessment at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks, demonstrated a trend of improved OS for those with more prolonged arginine depletion. Conclusion ADI-PEG 20 monotherapy did not demonstrate an OS benefit in second line setting for HCC. It was well tolerated. Strategies to enhance prolonged arginine depletion and synergize the effect of ADI-PEG 20 are underway. Clinical Trial number www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01287585).
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Abou-Alfa
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA.
| | - S Qin
- Department of Oncology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army 81 Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - B-Y Ryoo
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S-N Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan; Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - C-J Yen
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Y-H Feng
- Department of Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center-Yong Kang, Taiwan
| | - H Y Lim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - F Izzo
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione Giovanni Pascale, Napoli
| | - M Colombo
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca, Milan, Italy
| | - D Sarker
- Department of Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - L Bolondi
- Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Vaccaro
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland
| | - W P Harris
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Z Chen
- Department of Oncology, 2nd Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - R A Hubner
- Department of Medicine, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - T Meyer
- Department of Medicine, Royal Free Hospital and UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - W Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - J J Harding
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - E M Hollywood
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - J Ma
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - P J Wan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - M Ly
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - J Bomalaski
- Department of Research and Development, Polaris Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, USA
| | - A Johnston
- Department of Research and Development, Polaris Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, USA
| | - C-C Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chang Gung Medical Foundation LK, Taipei, Tainan
| | - Y Chao
- Department of Medicine, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taipei, Tainan
| | - L-T Chen
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan; Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan; Department of Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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128
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Lew G. Space for Calaspargase? A New Asparaginase for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 26:325-327. [PMID: 31641006 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In December 2018, the FDA approved calaspargase pegol-mknl (Asperlas, Servier Pharmaceuticals) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children and young adults up to age 21. Asparaginase is a critical component in the treatment of ALL, but the niche for calaspargase within current treatment protocols is unclear.See related article by Li et al., p. 328.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen Lew
- Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center, Emory University/Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Geogia.
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129
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Lubkowski J, Wlodawer A. Geometric considerations support the double-displacement catalytic mechanism of l-asparaginase. Protein Sci 2019; 28:1850-1864. [PMID: 31423681 PMCID: PMC6740147 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Twenty crystal structures of the complexes of l-asparaginase with l-Asn, l-Asp, and succinic acid that are currently available in the Protein Data Bank, as well as 11 additional structures determined in the course of this project, were analyzed in order to establish the level of conservation of the geometric parameters describing interactions between the substrates and the active site of the enzymes. We found that such stereochemical relationships are highly conserved, regardless of the organism from which the enzyme was isolated, specific crystallization conditions, or the nature of the ligands. Analysis of the geometry of the interactions, including Bürgi-Dunitz and Flippin-Lodge angles, indicated that Thr12 (Escherichia coli asparaginase II numbering) is optimally placed to be the primary nucleophile in the most likely scenario utilizing a double-displacement mechanism, whereas catalysis through a single-displacement mechanism appears to be the least likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Lubkowski
- Macromolecular Crystallography LaboratoryNational Cancer InstituteFrederickMaryland
| | - Alexander Wlodawer
- Macromolecular Crystallography LaboratoryNational Cancer InstituteFrederickMaryland
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130
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A Comparative Study on Pseudomonal and Bacillus L. asparaginases. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.3.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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131
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Asparaginase-induced hepatotoxicity: rapid development of cholestasis and hepatic steatosis. Hepatol Int 2019; 13:641-648. [PMID: 31392570 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-019-09971-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-Asparaginase is a bacterial enzyme used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In the ongoing U.S. Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN) prospective study, standard and pegylated asparaginase were the most frequent cause of liver injury with jaundice among anti-cancer agents (8 of 40: 20%). The unique features of this hepatotoxicity are described. METHODS Eight cases from 5 DILIN centers were reviewed for clinical course, laboratory values, imaging, and histopathology. RESULTS Seven females, aged 29-59 years, and one 8-year-old boy, all with leukemia, developed jaundice within 9-21 days (median 15 days) of starting asparaginase or pegaspargase, during the first (n = 6) or second (n = 2) cycle. Prominent symptoms were jaundice (n = 8), fatigue (6), abdominal pain (6) but rarely pruritus (1). Initial median ALT level was 284 U/L (range 83-1076), Alk P 159 U/L (64-452), and bilirubin 4.4 mg/dL (3.7-8.4). Bilirubin levels rose thereafter in all patients to median peak of 17.5 mg/dL (11.7-25.7), INR rose to 1.1-1.7 and serum albumin fell to 1.5-2.6 g/dL. Hepatic imaging revealed fatty liver in all patients. Liver biopsy showed steatosis but minimal hepatocyte necrosis. One patient restarted on pegaspargase re-developed less severe injury. CONCLUSION Asparaginase is a common cause of antineoplastic-induced liver injury with jaundice, typically with short latency, marked steatosis, and prolonged jaundice, which can lead to delays in antileukemic therapy. The cause of injury is likely direct inhibition of hepatic protein synthesis caused by asparagine depletion.
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132
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Lubkowski J, Chan W, Wlodawer A. Opportunistic complexes of E. coli L-asparaginases with citrate anions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11070. [PMID: 31363102 PMCID: PMC6667453 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46432-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Active sites of enzymes are highly optimized for interactions with specific substrates, thus binding of opportunistic ligands is usually observed only in the absence of native substrates or products. However, during growth of crystals required for structure determination enzymes are often exposed to conditions significantly divergent from the native ones, leading to binding of unexpected ligands to active sites even in the presence of substrates. Failing to recognize this possibility may lead to incorrect interpretation of experimental results and to faulty conclusions. Here, we present several examples of binding of a citrate anion to the active sites of E. coli L-asparaginases I and II, even in the presence of the native substrate, L-Asn. A part of this report focuses on a comprehensive re-interpretation of structural results published previously for complexes of type I L-asparaginase (EcAI) from E. coli. In two re-refined structures a citrate anion forms an acyl-enzyme reaction intermediate with the catalytic threonine. These results emphasize the importance of careful and critical analysis during interpretation of crystallographic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Lubkowski
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Waikin Chan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology and The Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alexander Wlodawer
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
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133
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Pant A, Cao S, Yang Z. Asparagine Is a Critical Limiting Metabolite for Vaccinia Virus Protein Synthesis during Glutamine Deprivation. J Virol 2019; 93:e01834-18. [PMID: 30996100 PMCID: PMC6580962 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01834-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses actively interact with host metabolism because viral replication relies on host cells to provide nutrients and energy. Vaccinia virus (VACV; the prototype poxvirus) prefers glutamine to glucose for efficient replication to the extent that VACV replication is hindered in glutamine-free medium. Remarkably, our data show that VACV replication can be fully rescued from glutamine depletion by asparagine supplementation. By global metabolic profiling, as well as genetic and chemical manipulation of the asparagine supply, we provide evidence demonstrating that the production of asparagine, which exclusively requires glutamine for biosynthesis, accounts for VACV's preference of glutamine to glucose rather than glutamine's superiority over glucose in feeding the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Furthermore, we show that sufficient asparagine supply is required for efficient VACV protein synthesis. Our study highlights that the asparagine supply, the regulation of which has been evolutionarily tailored in mammalian cells, presents a critical barrier to VACV replication due to a high asparagine content of viral proteins and a rapid demand of viral protein synthesis. The identification of asparagine availability as a critical limiting factor for efficient VACV replication suggests a new direction of antiviral strategy development.IMPORTANCE Viruses rely on their infected host cells to provide nutrients and energy for replication. Vaccinia virus, the prototypic member of the poxviruses, which comprise many significant human and animal pathogens, prefers glutamine to glucose for efficient replication. Here, we show that the preference is not because glutamine is superior to glucose as the carbon source to fuel the tricarboxylic acid cycle for vaccinia virus replication. Rather interestingly, the preference is because the asparagine supply for efficient viral protein synthesis becomes limited in the absence of glutamine, which is necessary for asparagine biosynthesis. We provide further genetic and chemical evidence to demonstrate that asparagine availability plays a critical role in efficient vaccinia virus replication. This discovery identifies a weakness of vaccinia virus and suggests a possible direction to intervene in poxvirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Pant
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Shuai Cao
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Zhilong Yang
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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134
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Radha R, Gummadi SN. pH-Dependent Thermal Stability of Vibrio cholerae L-asparaginase. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:743-750. [PMID: 31215369 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666190617092944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND pH is one of the decisive macromolecular properties of proteins that significantly affects enzyme structure, stability and reaction rate. Change in pH may protonate or deprotonate the side group of aminoacid residues in the protein, thereby resulting in changes in chemical and structural features. Hence studies on the kinetics of enzyme deactivation by pH are important for assessing the bio-functionality of industrial enzymes. L-asparaginase is one such important enzyme that has potent applications in cancer therapy and food industry. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study is to understand and analyze the influence of pH on deactivation and stability of Vibrio cholerae L-asparaginase. METHODS Kinetic studies were conducted to analyze the effect of pH on stability and deactivation of Vibrio cholerae L-asparaginase. Circular Dichroism (CD) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) studies have been carried out to understand the pH-dependent conformational changes in the secondary structure of V. cholerae L-asparaginase. RESULTS The enzyme was found to be least stable at extreme acidic conditions (pH< 4.5) and exhibited a gradual increase in melting temperature from 40 to 81 °C within pH range of 4.0 to 7.0. Thermodynamic properties of protein were estimated and at pH 7.0 the protein exhibited ΔG37of 26.31 kcal mole-1, ΔH of 204.27 kcal mole-1 and ΔS of 574.06 cal mole-1 K-1. CONCLUSION The stability and thermodynamic analysis revealed that V. cholerae L-asparaginase was highly stable over a wide range of pH, with the highest stability in the pH range of 5.0-7.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remya Radha
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Sathyanarayana N Gummadi
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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135
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Pokrovsky VS, Chepikova OE, Davydov DZ, Zamyatnin AA, Lukashev AN, Lukasheva EV. Amino Acid Degrading Enzymes and their Application in Cancer Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:446-464. [PMID: 28990519 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171006132729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino acids are essential components in various biochemical pathways. The deprivation of certain amino acids is an antimetabolite strategy for the treatment of amino acid-dependent cancers which exploits the compromised metabolism of malignant cells. Several studies have focused on the development and preclinical and clinical evaluation of amino acid degrading enzymes, namely L-asparaginase, L-methionine γ-lyase, L-arginine deiminase, L-lysine α-oxidase. Further research into cancer cell metabolism may therefore define possible targets for controlling tumor growth. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review was to summarize recent progress in the relationship between amino acids metabolism and cancer therapy, with a particular focus on Lasparagine, L-methionine, L-arginine and L-lysine degrading enzymes and their formulations, which have been successfully used in the treatment of several types of cancer. METHODS We carried out a structured search among literature regarding to amino acid degrading enzymes. The main aspects of search were in vitro and in vivo studies, clinical trials concerning application of these enzymes in oncology. RESULTS Most published research are on the subject of L-asparaginase properties and it's use for cancer treatment. L-arginine deiminase has shown promising results in a phase II trial in advanced melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Other enzymes, in particular Lmethionine γ-lyase and L-lysine α-oxidase, were effective in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION The findings of this review revealed that therapy based on amino acid depletion may have the potential application for cancer treatment but further clinical investigations are required to provide the efficacy and safety of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation.,People's Friendship University, Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga E Chepikova
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Belozersky Institute of Physico- Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander N Lukashev
- People's Friendship University, Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V Lukasheva
- People's Friendship University, Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
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136
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L-asparaginase produced from soil isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows potent anti-cancer activity on HeLa cells. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:1146-1153. [PMID: 31516343 PMCID: PMC6737276 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Among cancers, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) occurs in the children <15 years of age. L-asparaginase is an important therapeutic enzyme used for treating ALL. Owing to its therapeutic use and demand, microorganisms have been in use for many years to produce L-asparaginase on an industrial scale. Gram-negative bacteria (Serratia, Erwinia and Escherichia coli) species were used in L-asparaginase. However, earlier studies have documented that the long-term use of enzymes produced from these commercial strains induces hypersensitivity in patients. Therefore, there is a need to discover novel microbial strains producing L-asparaginase with anti-cancer properties, which can be employed for the commercial production of the enzyme. In this study, three strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (accession numbers LC425424 (P31), LC425425 (P32), and LC425426 (P34)) isolated from garden soil were screened for the invention of L-asparaginase. Fermented production media was dialyzed to attain the purified enzyme, thus showed a dose-depended cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells, as determined by MTT assay. The IC50s of the different isolates were 86.73, 57.65, and 40.34 µg/mL. These results indicate that pseudomonal L-asparaginase may be used for cancer treatment.
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137
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Belén LH, Lissabet JB, de Oliveira Rangel-Yagui C, Effer B, Monteiro G, Pessoa A, Farías Avendaño JG. A structural in silico analysis of the immunogenicity of l-asparaginase from Escherichia coli and Erwinia carotovora. Biologicals 2019; 59:47-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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138
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Michelozzi IM, Granata V, De Ponti G, Alberti G, Tomasoni C, Antolini L, Gambacorti-Passerini C, Gentner B, Dazzi F, Biondi A, Coliva T, Rizzari C, Pievani A, Serafini M. Acute myeloid leukaemia niche regulates response to L-asparaginase. Br J Haematol 2019; 186:420-430. [PMID: 31044436 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Eradicating the malignant stem cell is the ultimate challenge in the treatment of leukaemia. Leukaemic stem cells (LSC) hijack the normal haemopoietic niche, where they are mainly protected from cytotoxic drugs. The anti-leukaemic effect of L-asparaginase (ASNase) has been extensively investigated in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, but only partially in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We explored the susceptibility of AML-LSC to ASNase as well as the role of the two major cell types that constitute the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, i.e., mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and monocytes/macrophages. Whilst ASNase was effective on both CD34+ CD38+ and CD34+ CD38- LSC fractions, MSC and monocytes/macrophages partially counteracted the effect of the drug. Indeed, the production of cathepsin B, a lysosomal cysteine protease, by BM monocytic cells and by AML cells classified as French-American-British M5 is related to the inactivation of ASNase. Our work demonstrates that, while MSC and monocytes/macrophages may provide a protective niche for AML cells, ASNase has a cytotoxic effect on AML blasts and, importantly, LSC subpopulations. Thus, these features should be considered in the design of future clinical studies aimed at testing ASNase efficacy in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria M Michelozzi
- M. Tettamanti Research Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Valentina Granata
- M. Tettamanti Research Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giada De Ponti
- M. Tettamanti Research Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Gaia Alberti
- M. Tettamanti Research Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Chiara Tomasoni
- M. Tettamanti Research Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Antolini
- Centro di Biostatistica per L'epidemiologia Clinica, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Bernhard Gentner
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Dazzi
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, Rayne Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Biondi
- M. Tettamanti Research Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Haematology-Oncology Unit, Fondazione MBBM/San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Tiziana Coliva
- Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Haematology-Oncology Unit, Fondazione MBBM/San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Carmelo Rizzari
- Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Haematology-Oncology Unit, Fondazione MBBM/San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Alice Pievani
- M. Tettamanti Research Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Marta Serafini
- M. Tettamanti Research Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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139
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Teachey DT, Pui CH. Comparative features and outcomes between paediatric T-cell and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Lancet Oncol 2019; 20:e142-e154. [PMID: 30842058 PMCID: PMC9233195 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(19)30031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary paediatric clinical trials have improved 5-year event-free survival above 85% and 5-year overall survival above 90% in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in many study groups, whilst outcomes for T-cell ALL are still lagging behind by 5-10% in most studies. Several factors have contributed to this discrepant outcome. First, patients with T-cell ALL are generally older than those with B-cell ALL and, therefore, have poorer tolerance to chemotherapy, especially dexamethasone and asparaginase, and have increased risk of extramedullary relapse. Second, a higher proportion of patients with B-cell ALL have favourable genetic subtypes (eg, ETV6-RUNX1 and high hyperdiploidy), which confer a superior outcome compared with favourable subtypes of T-cell ALL. Third, T-cell ALL blasts are generally more resistant to conventional chemotherapeutic drugs than are B-cell ALL blasts. Finally, patients with B-cell ALL are more amendable to available targeted therapies, such as Philadelphia chromosome-positive and some Philadelphia chromosome-like ALL cases to ABL-class tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and CD19-positive and CD22-postive B-cell ALL cases to a variety of immunotherapies. Several novel treatments under investigation might narrow the gap in survival between T-cell ALL and B-cell ALL, although novel treatment options for T-cell ALL are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Teachey
- Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ching-Hon Pui
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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140
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Ghosh S, Alam S, Rathore AS, Khare SK. Stability of Therapeutic Enzymes: Challenges and Recent Advances. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1148:131-150. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7709-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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141
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Expression and Functional Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Recombinant l.Asparaginase. Protein J 2018; 37:461-471. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-018-9789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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142
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van der Sluis IM, de Groot-Kruseman H, Te Loo M, Tissing WJE, van den Bos C, Kaspers GJL, Bierings M, Kollen WJW, König T, Pichlmeier U, Kühnel HJ, Pieters R. Efficacy and safety of recombinant E. coli asparaginase in children with previously untreated acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A randomized multicenter study of the Dutch Childhood Oncology Group. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65:e27083. [PMID: 29727043 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy and safety of recombinant Escherichia coli-asparaginase (rASNase) was compared to native E.coli asparaginase (Asparaginase medac). METHODS One hundred and ninety-nine children with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia were randomized to receive one of both agents at a dose of 5,000 U/m² during induction (eight doses) and 10,000 U/m² during the postinduction phase (only high-risk patients; standard- and medium-risk patients received pegaspargase). RESULTS Median trough serum asparaginase activity levels were comparable between both groups; they ranged from 143 to 182 U/l during induction and were above the target value of 100 U/l. Complete asparagine depletion in serum was achieved in 97.9% of patients, with no significant differences between both groups. On day 33 (end of induction), only two (2%) evaluable patients in each group had measurable asparagine serum levels, and complete asparagine depletion in the cerebrospinal fluid was achieved in 98.8% and 93.6% of the patients with rASNase and Asparaginase medac, respectively. During induction, 2.1% and 5% of patients developed an allergic reaction to rASNase or Asparaginase medac, respectively. Approximately 41% of the patients in both groups had a clinical allergy or enzyme inactivation to the first dose of any asparaginase preparation in postinduction. A comparable proportion of patients in both groups developed anti-asparaginase antibodies (57%) during repeated administration of asparaginase. Minimal residual disease levels at the end of induction, 5-year event-free survival, and 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse did not differ between both groups. CONCLUSION The efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of both asparaginase preparations are comparable. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00784017; EudraCT number 2006-003180-31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge M van der Sluis
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maroeska Te Loo
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-oncology, University Medical Center St. Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J E Tissing
- Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, University Medical Centre Beatrix Children's Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cor van den Bos
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gertjan J L Kaspers
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Bierings
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J W Kollen
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,University Medical Centre Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Rob Pieters
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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143
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Costa-Silva TA, Flores-Santos JC, Freire RKB, Vitolo M, Pessoa-Jr A. Microbial cell disruption methods for efficient release of enzyme L-asparaginase. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:707-717. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1487850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tales A. Costa-Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juan Carlos Flores-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rominne K. B. Freire
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michele Vitolo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Pessoa-Jr
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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144
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Crespo‐Solis E, Espinosa‐Bautista K, Alvarado‐Ibarra M, Rozen‐Fuller E, Pérez‐Rocha F, Nava‐Gómez C, Ortiz‐Zepeda M, Álvarez‐Vera JL, Ramos‐Peñafiel CO, Meillón‐García LA, Rodríguez‐Rodríguez S, Pomerantz‐Okon A, Turrubiates‐Hernández FJ, Demichelis‐Gómez R. Survival analysis of adult patients with ALL in Mexico City: first report from the Acute Leukemia Workgroup (ALWG) (GTLA). Cancer Med 2018; 7:2423-2433. [PMID: 29733512 PMCID: PMC6010727 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the clonal expansion of hematopoietic lymphoid progenitors. With new target therapies, the survival of adults with ALL has improved in the past few decades. Unfortunately, there are no large ALL patient series in many Latin American countries. Data from the Acute Leukemia Workgroup that includes five Mexico City referral centers were used. Survival was estimated for adult patients with ALL during 2009-2015. In total, 559 adults with ALL were included. The median age was 28 years; 67% were classified into the adolescent and young adult group. Cytogenetic information was available in 54.5% of cases. Of the 305 analyzed cases, most had a normal caryotype (70.5%) and Philadelphia-positive was present in 16.7%. The most commonly used treatment regimen was hyper-CVAD. In approximately 20% of cases, there was considerable delay in the administration of chemotherapy. Primarily refractory cases accounted for 13.1% of patients. At the time of analysis, 26.7% of cases had survived. The 3-year overall survival was 22.1%. The main cause of death was disease progression in 228 (55.6%). Clinical and public health strategies are needed to improve diagnosis, treatment and survivorship care for adult with ALL. This multicentric report represents the largest series in Mexico of adult ALL patients in which a survival analysis and risk identification were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Crespo‐Solis
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ciudad VictoriaCiudad VictoriaTamaulipasMéxico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alan Pomerantz‐Okon
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
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145
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Louka A, Matlahov I, Giuntini S, Cerofolini L, Cavallo A, Pillozzi S, Ravera E, Fragai M, Arcangeli A, Ramamoorthy A, Goobes G, Luchinat C. Engineering l-asparaginase for spontaneous formation of calcium phosphate bioinspired microreactors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:12719-12726. [PMID: 29697113 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00419f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Active bioinspired materials are appealing biotechnological targets, and their study is gaining momentum. These materials, which comprise of an inorganic matrix and one or more biomolecules, are extremely variable and therefore may result difficult to characterize in their intimate structure. In this work we have prepared a hydroxyapatite-l-asparaginase composite, with the perspective of using it in acute leukemia treatment. We demonstrate that the use of electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction, combined with the atomic-resolution information coming from solid-state NMR, allows us to understand the topology of the material and how the different components interplay to obtain an active composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Louka
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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146
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Radha R, Arumugam N, Gummadi SN. Glutaminase free l-asparaginase from Vibrio cholerae: Heterologous expression, purification and biochemical characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:129-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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147
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Hoeres T, Smetak M, Pretscher D, Wilhelm M. Improving the Efficiency of Vγ9Vδ2 T-Cell Immunotherapy in Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 9:800. [PMID: 29725332 PMCID: PMC5916964 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing immunological knowledge and advances in techniques lay the ground for more efficient and broader application of immunotherapies. gamma delta (γδ) T-cells possess multiple favorable anti-tumor characteristics, making them promising candidates to be used in cellular and combination therapies of cancer. They recognize malignant cells, infiltrate tumors, and depict strong cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory activity. Here, we focus on human Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells, the most abundant γδ T-cell subpopulation in the blood, which are able to inhibit cancer progression in various models in vitro and in vivo. For therapeutic use they can be cultured and manipulated ex vivo and in the following adoptively transferred to patients, as well as directly stimulated to propagate in vivo. In clinical studies, Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells repeatedly demonstrated a low toxicity profile but hitherto only the modest therapeutic efficacy. This review provides a comprehensive summary of established and newer strategies for the enhancement of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell anti-tumor functions. We discuss data of studies exploring methods for the sensitization of malignant cells, the improvement of recognition mechanisms and cytotoxic activity of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells. Main aspects are the tumor cell metabolism, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, antibody constructs, as well as activating and inhibitory receptors like NKG2D and immune checkpoint molecules. Several concepts show promising results in vitro, now awaiting translation to in vivo models and clinical studies. Given the array of research and encouraging findings in this area, this review aims at optimizing future investigations, specifically targeting the unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timm Hoeres
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Smetak
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Pretscher
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Martin Wilhelm
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
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148
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Ney Y, Jawad Nasim M, Kharma A, Youssef LA, Jacob C. Small Molecule Catalysts with Therapeutic Potential. Molecules 2018; 23:E765. [PMID: 29584669 PMCID: PMC6017662 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalysts are employed in many areas of research and development where they combine high efficiency with often astonishing selectivity for their respective substrates. In biology, biocatalysts are omnipresent. Enzymes facilitate highly controlled, sophisticated cellular processes, such as metabolic conversions, sensing and signalling, and are prominent targets in drug development. In contrast, the therapeutic use of catalysts per se is still rather limited. Recent research has shown that small molecule catalytic agents able to modulate the redox state of the target cell bear considerable promise, particularly in the context of inflammatory and infectious diseases, stroke, ageing and even cancer. Rather than being "active" on their own in a more traditional sense, such agents develop their activity by initiating, promoting, enhancing or redirecting reactions between biomolecules already present in the cell, and their activity therefore depends critically on the predisposition of the target cell itself. Redox catalysts, for instance, preferably target cells with a distinct sensitivity towards changes in an already disturbed redox balance and/or increased levels of reactive oxygen species. Indeed, certain transition metal, chalcogen and quinone agents may activate an antioxidant response in normal cells whilst at the same time triggering apoptosis in cancer cells with a different pre-existing "biochemical redox signature" and closer to the internal redox threshold. In pharmacy, catalysts therefore stand out as promising lead structures, as sensor/effector agents which are highly effective, fairly selective, active in catalytic, i.e., often nanomolar concentrations and also very flexible in their structural design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Ney
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany.
| | - Muhammad Jawad Nasim
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany.
| | - Ammar Kharma
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany.
| | - Lama A Youssef
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
| | - Claus Jacob
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany.
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149
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Tang ER, Chapman T, Finn LS, Leger KJ. Perforated jejunitis in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with pegaspargase. Radiol Case Rep 2018; 13:568-572. [PMID: 29988797 PMCID: PMC6030564 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Survival rates of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia have improved since the incorporation of asparaginase in the treatment protocol, but the medication has potential serious complications, including vascular thrombosis. Here, we describe the case of a 13-year-old boy with pre-T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia whose treatment course was complicated by perforated jejunitis requiring resection of a portion of his small bowel. Pathologic assessment showed transmural ischemia, mesenteric venous and arterial thrombi, and scattered cytomegalovirus inclusion bodies. Pediatric mesenteric ischemia is rare, and its consideration in patients treated with asparaginase is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Tang
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Teresa Chapman
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Laura S Finn
- Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kasey J Leger
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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150
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Izadpanah Qeshmi F, Homaei A, Fernandes P, Javadpour S. Marine microbial L-asparaginase: Biochemistry, molecular approaches and applications in tumor therapy and in food industry. Microbiol Res 2018; 208:99-112. [PMID: 29551216 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The marine environment is a rich source of biological and chemical diversity. It covers more than 70% of the Earth's surface and features a wide diversity of habitats, often displaying extreme conditions, where marine organisms thrive, offering a vast pool for microorganisms and enzymes. Given the dissimilarity between marine and terrestrial habitats, enzymes and microorganisms, either novel or with different and appealing features as compared to terrestrial counterparts, may be identified and isolated. L-asparaginase (E.C. 3.5.1.1), is among the relevant enzymes that can be obtained from marine sources. This amidohydrolase acts on L-asparagine and produce L-aspartate and ammonia, accordingly it has an acknowledged chemotherapeutic application, namely in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Moreover, L-asparaginase is also of interest in the food industry as it prevents acrylamide formation. Terrestrial organisms have been largely tapped for L-asparaginases, but most failed to comply with criteria for practical applications, whereas marine sources have only been marginally screened. This work provides an overview on the relevant features of this enzyme and the framework for its application, with a clear emphasis on the use of L-asparaginase from marine sources. The review envisages to highlight the unique properties of marine L-asparaginases that could make them good candidates for medical applications and industries, especially in food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Pedro Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Faculty of Engineering, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Av. Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sedigheh Javadpour
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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