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Prochowska S, Niżański W, Partyka A. Low levels of apoptotic-like changes in fresh and cryopreserved feline spermatozoa collected from the urethra and epididymis. Theriogenology 2017; 88:43-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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102
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Ortega-Ferrusola C, Anel-López L, Martín-Muñoz P, Ortíz-Rodríguez JM, Gil MC, Alvarez M, de Paz P, Ezquerra LJ, Masot AJ, Redondo E, Anel L, Peña FJ. Computational flow cytometry reveals that cryopreservation induces spermptosis but subpopulations of spermatozoa may experience capacitation-like changes. Reproduction 2016; 153:293-304. [PMID: 27965398 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The reduced lifespan of cryopreserved spermatozoa in the mare reproductive tract has been attributed to both capacitative and apoptotic changes. However, there is a lack of studies investigating both phenomena simultaneously. In order to improve our knowledge in this particular point, we studied in raw and frozen-thawed samples apoptotic and capacitative markers using a wide battery of test based in flow cytometry. Apoptotic markers evaluated were caspase 3 activity, externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS), and mitochondrial membrane potential. Markers of changes resembling capacitation were membrane fluidity, tyrosine phosphorylation, and intracellular sodium. Conventional and computational flow cytometry using nonlinear dimensionally reduction techniques (t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE)) and automatic classification of cellular expression by nonlinear stochastic embedding (ACCENSE) were used. Most of the changes induced by cryopreservation were apoptotic, with increase in caspase 3 activation (P < 0.01), PS translocation to the outer membrane (P < 0.001), loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (P < 0.05), and increase in intracellular Na+ (P < 0.01). Average values of markers of capacitative changes were not affected by cryopreservation; however, the analysis of the phenotype of individual spermatozoa using computational flow cytometry revealed the presence of subpopulations of spermatozoa experiencing capacitative changes. For the first time advanced computational techniques were applied to the analysis of spermatozoa, and these techniques were able to disclose relevant information of the ejaculate that remained hidden using conventional flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Anel-López
- Reproduction and Obstetrics Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery
| | - P Martín-Muñoz
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine SpermatologyVeterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - J M Ortíz-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine SpermatologyVeterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - M C Gil
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine SpermatologyVeterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - M Alvarez
- Reproduction and Obstetrics Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery
| | - P de Paz
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of León, León, Spain
| | - L J Ezquerra
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine SpermatologyVeterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - A J Masot
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine SpermatologyVeterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - E Redondo
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine SpermatologyVeterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - L Anel
- Reproduction and Obstetrics Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery
| | - F J Peña
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine SpermatologyVeterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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103
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Zeinali M, Hadian Amree A, Khorramdelazad H, Karami H, Abedinzadeh M. Inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the seminal plasma of infertile men suffering from varicocele. Andrologia 2016; 49. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Zeinali
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center; Institute for Futures Studies in Health; Kerman University of Medical Sciences; Kerman Iran
| | - A. Hadian Amree
- Hemoglobinopathy Institute; Thalassemia Research Center; Mazandaran University of Medical Science; Sari Iran
| | - H. Khorramdelazad
- Molecular Medicine Research Center; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan Iran
| | - H. Karami
- Department of Urology; Shahid Rahnemoon Hospital; Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services; Yazd Iran
| | - M. Abedinzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan Iran
- Department of Urology; Shahid Rahnemoon Hospital; Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services; Yazd Iran
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104
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Networks Models of Actin Dynamics during Spermatozoa Postejaculatory Life: A Comparison among Human-Made and Text Mining-Based Models. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9795409. [PMID: 27642606 PMCID: PMC5013236 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9795409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Here we realized a networks-based model representing the process of actin remodelling that occurs during the acquisition of fertilizing ability of human spermatozoa (HumanMade_ActinSpermNetwork, HM_ASN). Then, we compared it with the networks provided by two different text mining tools: Agilent Literature Search (ALS) and PESCADOR. As a reference, we used the data from the online repository Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), referred to the actin dynamics in a more general biological context. We found that HM_ALS and the networks from KEGG data shared the same scale-free topology following the Barabasi-Albert model, thus suggesting that the information is spread within the network quickly and efficiently. On the contrary, the networks obtained by ALS and PESCADOR have a scale-free hierarchical architecture, which implies a different pattern of information transmission. Also, the hubs identified within the networks are different: HM_ALS and KEGG networks contain as hubs several molecules known to be involved in actin signalling; ALS was unable to find other hubs than “actin,” whereas PESCADOR gave some nonspecific result. This seems to suggest that the human-made information retrieval in the case of a specific event, such as actin dynamics in human spermatozoa, could be a reliable strategy.
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105
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Analysis of the effects of polyphenols on human spermatozoa reveals unexpected impacts on mitochondrial membrane potential, oxidative stress and DNA integrity; implications for assisted reproductive technology. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 121:78-96. [PMID: 27659810 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The need to protect human spermatozoa from oxidative stress during assisted reproductive technology, has prompted a detailed analysis of the impacts of phenolic compounds on the functional integrity of these cells. Investigation of 16 individual compounds revealed a surprising variety of negative effects including: (i) a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) via mechanisms that were not related to opening of the permeability transition pore but associated with a reduction in thiol expression, (ii) a decline in intracellular reduced glutathione, (iii) the stimulation of pro-oxidant activity including the induction of ROS generation from mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial sources, (iv) stimulation of lipid peroxidation, (v) the generation of oxidative DNA damage, and (vi) impaired sperm motility. For most of the polyphenolic compounds examined, the loss of motility was gradual and highly correlated with the induction of lipid peroxidation (r=0.889). The exception was gossypol, which induced a rapid loss of motility due to its inherent alkylating activity; one consequence of which was a marked reduction in carboxymethyl lysine expression on the sperm tail; a post-translational modification that is known to play a key role in the regulation of sperm movement. The only polyphenols that did not appear to have adverse effects on spermatozoa were resveratrol, genistein and THP at doses below 100μM. These compounds could, therefore, have some therapeutic potential in a clinical setting.
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106
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Setyawan EMN, Kim MJ, Oh HJ, Kim GA, Jo YK, Lee SH, Choi YB, Lee BC. Spermine reduces reactive oxygen species levels and decreases cryocapacitation in canine sperm cryopreservation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:927-932. [PMID: 27586272 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the ability of spermine to act as an antioxidant in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), maintaining sperm function and decreasing cryocapacitation after cryopreservation. Although motility did not increase with spermine treatment, values for membrane integrity were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Higher percentages of linearity and straightness with a lower amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) indicated that spermine inhibits hyperactivation. Concentrations of intracellular and extracellular ROS were decreased in the treatment group (P < 0.05). Higher expression of an anti-apoptotic gene (Bcl-2) and lower expression of a pro-apoptotic gene (Bax), together with decreased expression of the mitochondrial ROS modulator ROMO1, DNA repair due to oxidative damage (OGG1), spermine synthase (SMS), NADPH oxidase associated with motility (NOX5) and spermine amino oxidase (SMOX), all showed that 5.0 mM spermine treatment was beneficial to spermatozoa. Furthermore, the proportion of live spermatozoa with intact acrosomes after thawing in the treatment group was higher than in the control. After incubation in canine capacitating medium, numbers of live capacitated spermatozoa with reacted acrosomes were higher than in the control. Our results indicate that 5.0 mM spermine is an optimal concentration for maintaining sperm function, reducing ROS production, preventing apoptosis and adverse effects of cryocapacitation during canine sperm cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erif Maha Nugraha Setyawan
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Oh
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon A Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kwang Jo
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hee Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Bin Choi
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Chun Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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107
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Del Olmo E, García-Álvarez O, Maroto-Morales A, Ramón M, Iniesta-Cuerda M, Martinez-Pastor F, Montoro V, Soler AJ, Garde JJ, Fernández-Santos MR. Oestrous sheep serum balances ROS levels to supply in vitro capacitation of ram spermatozoa. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 51:743-50. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Del Olmo
- SaBio IREC (CSIC - UCLM - JCCM); Albacete Spain
| | - O García-Álvarez
- SaBio IREC (CSIC - UCLM - JCCM); Albacete Spain
- Biomedical Center; Medical Faculty in Pilsen; Pilsen Czech Republic
| | | | - M Ramón
- Regional Center of Animal Selection and Reproduction (CERSYRA) JCCM; Valdepeñas Spain
| | | | - F Martinez-Pastor
- Department of Molecular Biology; Institute for Animal Health and Cattle Development (INDEGSAL); University of León; León Spain
| | - V Montoro
- SaBio IREC (CSIC - UCLM - JCCM); Albacete Spain
| | - AJ Soler
- SaBio IREC (CSIC - UCLM - JCCM); Albacete Spain
| | - JJ Garde
- SaBio IREC (CSIC - UCLM - JCCM); Albacete Spain
| | - MR Fernández-Santos
- SaBio IREC (CSIC - UCLM - JCCM); Albacete Spain
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Albacete Spain
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108
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Chronic acrylamide exposure in male mice induces DNA damage to spermatozoa; Potential for amelioration by resveratrol. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 63:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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109
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110
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Antioxidants and Polyphenols: Concentrations and Relation to Male Infertility and Treatment Success. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9140925. [PMID: 27293518 PMCID: PMC4880674 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9140925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is induced by reactive oxygen substances (ROS) that are known to affect male fertility. The aims of this study were to prospectively investigate and characterize total antioxidant and specifically polyphenols concentrations and their relations to sperm quality and fertility treatment success. During their infertility treatment, sixty-seven males were prospectively recruited to this study. After separation of the sperm from the semen sample, the semen fluid samples antioxidants and polyphenols concentrations were determined. Antioxidant concentration was significantly associated with sperm concentration and total motile count. Antioxidants concentration in the group of male with sperm concentration ≥ 15 × 106 was significantly higher than in the group of male with antioxidants concentration < 15 × 106 (830.3 ± 350 μM and 268.3 ± 220 μM, resp., p < 0.001). Polyphenols concentration did not differ between the groups of sperm concentration above and below 15 × 106 (178.7 ± 121 μM and 161.7 ± 61 μM, resp., p-NS). No difference was found between fertilization rates and antioxidants or polyphenols concentrations. This is the first study that reports on polyphenols concentration within semen fluid. More studies are needed in order to investigate polyphenols role in male fertility.
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111
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Reinhardt K, Breunig HG, Uchugonova A, König K. Sperm metabolism is altered during storage by female insects: evidence from two-photon autofluorescence lifetime measurements in bedbugs. J R Soc Interface 2016; 12:0609. [PMID: 26333813 PMCID: PMC4614475 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2015.0609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore the possibility of characterizing sperm cells without the need to stain them using spectral and fluorescence lifetime analyses after multi-photon excitation in an insect model. The autofluorescence emission spectrum of sperm of the common bedbug, Cimex lectularius, was consistent with the presence of flavins and NAD(P)H. The mean fluorescence lifetimes showed smaller variation in sperm extracted from the male (tau m, τm = 1.54-1.84 ns) than in that extracted from the female sperm storage organ (tau m, τm = 1.26-2.00 ns). The fluorescence lifetime histograms revealed four peaks. These peaks (0.18, 0.92, 2.50 and 3.80 ns) suggest the presence of NAD(P)H and flavins and show that sperm metabolism can be characterized using fluorescence lifetime imaging. The difference in fluorescence lifetime variation between the sexes is consistent with the notion that female animals alter the metabolism of sperm cells during storage. It is not consistent, however, with the idea that sperm metabolism represents a sexually selected character that provides females with information about the male genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Reinhardt
- Department of Animal Evolutionary Ecology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 27076 Tuebingen, Germany Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK Applied Zoology, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans Georg Breunig
- Department of Biophotonics and Laser Technology, Saarland University, Campus A5.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany Jenlab GmbH, Schillerstrasse 1, 07745 Jena, and Science Park 2, Campus D1.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Aisada Uchugonova
- Department of Biophotonics and Laser Technology, Saarland University, Campus A5.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany Jenlab GmbH, Schillerstrasse 1, 07745 Jena, and Science Park 2, Campus D1.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Karsten König
- Department of Biophotonics and Laser Technology, Saarland University, Campus A5.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany Jenlab GmbH, Schillerstrasse 1, 07745 Jena, and Science Park 2, Campus D1.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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112
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Anel-López L, García-Álvarez O, Parrilla I, Del Olmo D, Fernández-Santos MR, Soler AJ, Maroto-Morales A, Ortiz JA, Alkmin DV, Tarantini T, Roca J, Martínez EA, Vazquez JM, Garde JJ. The Effect of Oxidative Stress on Thawed Bulk-Sorted Red Deer Sperm. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 51:407-14. [PMID: 27103320 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to assess the effects of the sex-sorting process on post-thaw sperm quality as well as on induced oxidative stress damage (H2 O2 0 mm = H000; H2 O2 50 mm = H050; H2 O2 100 mm = H100) and the protective action of reduced glutathione (GSH) and Trolox, when comparing sorted (BSS) and non-sorted (NS) red deer spermatozoa incubated at 37°C. Sperm samples from three stags were collected by electroejaculation and frozen. Immediately after thawing, sperm motility was higher (p < 0.05) for NS (59% ± 3.3) than BSS (36.9% ± 5.8) sperm. Furthermore, the percentage of apoptotic sperm was higher (p < 0.05) for BSS (21.6% ± 5.0) than NS sperm (14.6% ± 1.2). The presence of H2 O2 increased DNA damage in NS (H000 = 4.1% ± 0.9; H050 = 9.3% ± 0.7; and H100 = 10.9% ± 2.3), but not in BSS sperm. However, in the presence of oxidant, GSH addition improved (p < 0.05) sperm motility in both groups of sperm samples as compared to their controls (NS: 44.5 ± 4.8 vs 21.1 ± 3.9 and BSS: 33.3 ± 8.1 vs 8.9 ± 1.8). These results demonstrate that the sperm-sorting process induces sublethal effects, albeit selecting a sperm population with a chromatin more resistant to oxidative stress than that in non-sorted sperm. Moreover, addition of GSH at 1 mm may be a good choice for maintaining the quality of stressed sperm samples, unlike Trolox, which inhibited sperm motility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - I Parrilla
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - D Del Olmo
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - M R Fernández-Santos
- SaBio IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Albacete, Spain.,Faculty of Pharmacy, UCLM, Albacete, Spain
| | - A J Soler
- SaBio IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Albacete, Spain
| | | | - J A Ortiz
- Medianilla S.L. Finca Las Lomas, Vejer de la Frontera, Cádiz, Spain
| | - D V Alkmin
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - T Tarantini
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - J Roca
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - E A Martínez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - J M Vazquez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - J J Garde
- SaBio IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Albacete, Spain
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113
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New flow cytometry approaches in equine andrology. Theriogenology 2016; 86:366-72. [PMID: 27160445 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry is currently recognized as a robust tool for the evaluation of sperm quality and function. However, within equine reproduction, this technique has not reached the sophistication of other areas of biology and medicine. In recent years, more sophisticated flow cytometers have been introduced in andrology laboratories, and the number of tests that can be potentially used in the evaluation of sperm physiology has increased accordingly. In this review, recent advances in the evaluation of stallion spermatozoa will be discussed. These new techniques in flow cytometry are able to simultaneously measure damage to different sperm regions and/or changes in functionality.
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114
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Bolanca I, Obhodas J, Ljiljak D, Matjacic L, Kuna K. Synergetic Effects of K, Ca, Cu and Zn in Human Semen in Relation to Parameters Indicative of Spontaneous Hyperactivation of Spermatozoa. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152445. [PMID: 27031102 PMCID: PMC4816564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have observed that sperm quality parameters indicative of spermatozoa hyperactivation such are lower “linearity” and “straightness”, and as showed by this research “elongation”, were more pronounced in patients with normal spermiogram compared to the group of men with reduced sperm motility who were undergoing routine in vitro fertilisation. The research encompassed 97 men diagnosed with normozoospermia (n = 20), asthenozoospermia (n = 54) and oligoasthenozoospermia (n = 23). The findings indicate that sperm quality of patients with normal spermiogram diagnosed according to WHO criteria, may be compromised by showing premature spontaneous hyperactivation which can decrease the chances of natural conception. We assessed synergistic effects of multiple chemical elements in ejaculated semen to find if premature spontaneous hyperactivation of spermatozoa can be a sign of imbalanced semen composition especially of elements K, Ca, Cu and Zn. Human semen samples showing low or high baseline status of chemical elements concentrations were found in samples from all three diagnostic groups. However, correlation of K/Ca and Cu/Zn ratios, taking into account samples from all three groups of men, were negative at statistical significance level p = 0.01. We tested if the negative correlation between K/Ca and Cu/Zn ratio works for greater number of semen samples. We found the negative correlation to be valid for 175 semen samples at statistical significance of p = 0.00002. The ratio of K/Ca and Cu/Zn, i.e. increased concentrations of K and Zn in comparison to concentrations of Ca and Cu, were associated with a decrease of “straightness” in the group of men with normal spermiogram and pronounced spontaneous hyperactivation of spermatozoa, implying that these elements act in synergy and that the balance of elements and not their absolute concentrations plays the major role in premature spermatozoa hyperactivation in ejaculated semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bolanca
- University Hospital Centre “Sestre milosrdnice”, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Vinogradska c. 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasmina Obhodas
- Ruder Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- * E-mail:
| | - Dejan Ljiljak
- University Hospital Centre “Sestre milosrdnice”, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Vinogradska c. 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lidija Matjacic
- Ruder Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Krunoslav Kuna
- University Hospital Centre “Sestre milosrdnice”, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Vinogradska c. 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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115
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Gharagozloo P, Gutiérrez-Adán A, Champroux A, Noblanc A, Kocer A, Calle A, Pérez-Cerezales S, Pericuesta E, Polhemus A, Moazamian A, Drevet JR, Aitken RJ. A novel antioxidant formulation designed to treat male infertility associated with oxidative stress: promising preclinical evidence from animal models. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:252-62. [PMID: 26732620 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does a novel antioxidant formulation designed to restore redox balance within the male reproductive tract, reduce sperm DNA damage and increase pregnancy rates in mouse models of sperm oxidative stress? SUMMARY ANSWER Oral administration of a novel antioxidant formulation significantly reduced sperm DNA damage in glutathione peroxidase 5 (GPX5), knockout mice and restored pregnancy rates to near-normal levels in mice subjected to scrotal heat stress. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Animal and human studies have documented the adverse effect of sperm DNA damage on fertilization rates, embryo quality, miscarriage rates and the transfer of de novo mutations to offspring. Semen samples of infertile men are known to be deficient in several key antioxidants relative to their fertile counterparts. Antioxidants alone or in combination have demonstrated limited efficacy against sperm oxidative stress and DNA damage in numerous human clinical trials, however these studies have not been definitive and an optimum combination has remained elusive. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The efficacy of the antioxidant formulation was evaluated in two well-established mouse models of oxidative stress, scrotal heating and Gpx5 knockout (KO) mice, (n = 12 per experimental group), by two independent laboratories. Mice were provided the antioxidant product in their drinking water for 2-8 weeks and compared with control groups for sperm DNA damage and pregnancy rates. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS In the Gpx5 KO model, oxidative DNA damage was monitored in spermatozoa by immunocytochemical detection of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG). In the scrotal heat stress model, male fertility was tested by partnering with three females for 5 days. The percentage of pregnant females, number of vaginal plugs, resorptions per litter, and litter size were recorded. MAIN RESULTS AND ROLE OF CHANCE Using immunocytochemical detection of 8OHdG as a biomarker of DNA oxidation, analysis of control mice revealed that around 30% of the sperm population was positively stained. This level increased to about 60% in transgenic mice deficient in the antioxidant enzyme, GPX5. Our results indicate that an 8 week pretreatment of Gpx5 KO mice with the antioxidant formulation provided complete protection of sperm DNA against oxidative damage. In mouse models of scrotal heat stress, only 35% (19/54) of female mice became pregnant resulting in 169 fetuses with 18% fetal resorption (30/169). This is in contrast to the antioxidant pretreated group where 74% (42/57) of female mice became pregnant, resulting in 427 fetuses with 9% fetal resorption (38/427). In both animal models the protection provided by the novel antioxidant was statistically significant (P < 0.01 for the reduction of 8OHdG in the spermatozoa of Gpx5 KO mice and P < 0.05 for increase in fertility in the scrotal heat stress model). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION It was not possible to determine the exact level of antioxidant consumption for each mouse during the treatment period. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Recent clinical studies confirm moderate to severe sperm DNA damage in about 60% of all men visiting IVF centers and in about 80% of men diagnosed with idiopathic male infertility. Our results, if confirmed in humans, will impact clinical fertility practice because they support the concept of using an efficacious antioxidant supplementation as a preconception therapy, in order to optimize fertilization rates, help to maintain a healthy pregnancy and limit the mutational load carried by children. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS The study was funded by the Clermont Université and the University of Madrid. P.G. is the Managing Director of CellOxess LLC, which has a commercial interest in the detection and resolution of oxidative stress. A.M. and A.P. are employees of CellOxess, LLC. J.R.D., A.G.-A. and R.J.A. are honorary members of the CellOxess advisory board.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gharagozloo
- CellOxess LLC, 15 Roszel Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | | | - A Champroux
- GReD Lab CNRS UMR6293-INSERM U1103 Université Blaise Pascal-Clermont II, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
| | - A Noblanc
- GReD Lab CNRS UMR6293-INSERM U1103 Université Blaise Pascal-Clermont II, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
| | - A Kocer
- GReD Lab CNRS UMR6293-INSERM U1103 Université Blaise Pascal-Clermont II, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
| | - A Calle
- INIA, Animal Reproduction, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | | | | | - A Polhemus
- CellOxess LLC, 15 Roszel Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - A Moazamian
- CellOxess LLC, 15 Roszel Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - J R Drevet
- GReD Lab CNRS UMR6293-INSERM U1103 Université Blaise Pascal-Clermont II, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
| | - R J Aitken
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Aitken RJ, Gibb Z, Baker MA, Drevet J, Gharagozloo P. Causes and consequences of oxidative stress in spermatozoa. Reprod Fertil Dev 2016; 28:1-10. [DOI: 10.1071/rd15325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatozoa are highly vulnerable to oxidative attack because they lack significant antioxidant protection due to the limited volume and restricted distribution of cytoplasmic space in which to house an appropriate armoury of defensive enzymes. In particular, sperm membrane lipids are susceptible to oxidative stress because they abound in significant amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Susceptibility to oxidative attack is further exacerbated by the fact that these cells actively generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in order to drive the increase in tyrosine phosphorylation associated with sperm capacitation. However, this positive role for ROS is reversed when spermatozoa are stressed. Under these conditions, they default to an intrinsic apoptotic pathway characterised by mitochondrial ROS generation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase activation, phosphatidylserine exposure and oxidative DNA damage. In responding to oxidative stress, spermatozoa only possess the first enzyme in the base excision repair pathway, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase. This enzyme catalyses the formation of abasic sites, thereby destabilising the DNA backbone and generating strand breaks. Because oxidative damage to sperm DNA is associated with both miscarriage and developmental abnormalities in the offspring, strategies for the amelioration of such stress, including the development of effective antioxidant formulations, are becoming increasingly urgent.
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117
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Del Olmo E, García-Álvarez O, Maroto-Morales A, Ramón M, Jiménez-Rabadán P, Iniesta-Cuerda M, Anel-Lopez L, Martinez-Pastor F, Soler A, Garde J, Fernández-Santos M. Estrous sheep serum enables in vitro capacitation of ram spermatozoa while preventing caspase activation. Theriogenology 2016; 85:351-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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118
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Plaza Dávila M, Bucci D, Galeati G, Peña FJ, Mari G, Giaretta E, Tamanini C, Spinaci M. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) Reduces Rotenone Effect on Stallion Sperm-Zona Pellucida Heterologous Binding. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:1011-6. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Plaza Dávila
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology; Veterinary Teaching Hospital; University of Extremadura; Cáceres Spain
| | - D Bucci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET); University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - G Galeati
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET); University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - FJ Peña
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology; Veterinary Teaching Hospital; University of Extremadura; Cáceres Spain
| | - G Mari
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET); University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
- AUB INFA; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - E Giaretta
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET); University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - C Tamanini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET); University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - M Spinaci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET); University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
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