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Moon GJ, Shin M, Kim SR. Upregulation of Neuronal Rheb(S16H) for Hippocampal Protection in the Adult Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2023. [PMID: 32188096 PMCID: PMC7139780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras homolog protein enriched in brain (Rheb) is a key activator of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). The activation of mTORC1 by Rheb is associated with various processes such as protein synthesis, neuronal growth, differentiation, axonal regeneration, energy homeostasis, autophagy, and amino acid uptake. In addition, Rheb-mTORC1 signaling plays a crucial role in preventing the neurodegeneration of hippocampal neurons in the adult brain. Increasing evidence suggests that the constitutive activation of Rheb has beneficial effects against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Our recent studies revealed that adeno-associated virus serotype 1 (AAV1) transduction with Rheb(S16H), a constitutively active form of Rheb, exhibits neuroprotective properties through the induction of various neurotrophic factors, promoting neurotrophic interactions between neurons and astrocytes in the hippocampus of the adult brain. This review provides compelling evidence for the therapeutic potential of AAV1-Rheb(S16H) transduction in the hippocampus of the adult brain by exploring its neuroprotective effects and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong Joon Moon
- BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Minsang Shin
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
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Abstract
The relationship between depressive disorders in the elderly and dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is highly complex. While the nature of this relationship is still a matter of debate, differential diagnosis and treatment remain a great clinical challenge. We review recent findings on the conundrum of depressive disorders in the elderly and AD. There is a biological continuum between depressive disorders in the elderly – or at least a subgroup of them – and AD. While elderly subjects with depression and patients with AD exhibit higher circulating levels of pro-inflammatory molecules and lower BDNF than matched controls, CSF levels of Aβ42 can discriminate AD from depressive disorders in the elderly. The role of antidepressant treatment as a strategy to minimize the risk of AD remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália S Dias
- Neuroscience Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Izabela G Barbosa
- Neuroscience Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Department of Mental Health, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Weihong Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Antonio L Teixeira
- Neuroscience Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UT Health, Houston, United States.,Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Santa Casa BH, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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103
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Palasz E, Wysocka A, Gasiorowska A, Chalimoniuk M, Niewiadomski W, Niewiadomska G. BDNF as a Promising Therapeutic Agent in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031170. [PMID: 32050617 PMCID: PMC7037114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes neuroprotection and neuroregeneration. In animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD), BDNF enhances the survival of dopaminergic neurons, improves dopaminergic neurotransmission and motor performance. Pharmacological therapies of PD are symptom-targeting, and their effectiveness decreases with the progression of the disease; therefore, new therapeutical approaches are needed. Since, in both PD patients and animal PD models, decreased level of BDNF was found in the nigrostriatal pathway, it has been hypothesized that BDNF may serve as a therapeutic agent. Direct delivery of exogenous BDNF into the patient’s brain did not relieve the symptoms of disease, nor did attempts to enhance BDNF expression with gene therapy. Physical training was neuroprotective in animal models of PD. This effect is mediated, at least partly, by BDNF. Animal studies revealed that physical activity increases BDNF and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) expression, leading to inhibition of neurodegeneration through induction of transcription factors and expression of genes related to neuronal proliferation, survival, and inflammatory response. This review focuses on the evidence that increasing BDNF level due to gene modulation or physical exercise has a neuroprotective effect and could be considered as adjunctive therapy in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Palasz
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrianna Wysocka
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Gasiorowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Chalimoniuk
- Faculty in Biala Podlaska, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 21-500 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Wiktor Niewiadomski
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grazyna Niewiadomska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-225892409
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104
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Role of brain renin angiotensin system in neurodegeneration: An update. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:905-912. [PMID: 32127770 PMCID: PMC7042626 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Renin angiotensin system (RAS) is an endocrine system widely known for its physiological roles in electrolyte homeostasis, body fluid volume regulation and cardiovascular control in peripheral circulation. However, brain RAS is an independent form of RAS expressed locally in the brain, which is known to be involved in brain functions and disorders. There is strong evidence for a major involvement of excessive brain angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)/Angiotensin II (Ang II)/Angiotensin type-1 receptor (AT-1R) axis in increased activation of oxidative stress, apoptosis and neuroinflammation causing neurodegeneration in several brain disorders. Numerous studies have demonstrated strong neuroprotective effects by blocking AT1R in these brain disorders. Additionally, the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)/Angiotensin (1–7)/Mas receptor (MASR), is another axis of brain RAS which counteracts the damaging effects of ACE/Ang II/AT1R axis on neurons in the brain. Thus, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and activation of ACE2/Angiotensin (1–7)/MASR axis may serve as an exciting and novel method for neuroprotection in several neurodegenerative diseases. Here in this review article, we discuss the expression of RAS in the brain and highlight how altered RAS level may cause neurodegeneration. Understanding the pathophysiology of RAS and their links to neurodegeneration has enormous potential to identify potentially effective pharmacological tools to treat neurodegenerative diseases in the brain.
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105
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Loprinzi PD. Effects of Exercise on Long-Term Potentiation in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1228:439-451. [PMID: 32342476 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1792-1_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Various neuropsychiatric conditions, such as depression, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease, demonstrate evidence of impaired long-term potentiation, a cellular correlate of episodic memory function. This chapter discusses the mechanistic effects of these neuropsychiatric conditions on long-term potentiation and how exercise may help to attenuate these detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Loprinzi
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Exercise and Memory Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA.
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106
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Tirtawijaya G, Haque MN, Choi JS, Moon IS, Meinita MDN, Choi JS, Hong YK. Spinogenesis and Synaptogenesis Effects of the Red Seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii and Its Isolated Cholesterol on Hippocampal Neuron Cultures. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2019; 24:418-425. [PMID: 31915637 PMCID: PMC6941723 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2019.24.4.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors promote the formation of spines and synapses in neuron development and maintenance. Synaptic connections enhance memory in the brain. In this study, the effects of Kappaphycus alvarezii ethanolic extract (EKA) and its isolated cholesterol (iCHOL) on spinogenesis and synaptogenesis of hippocampal neurons were evaluated. Compared with the vehicle, both EKA and iCHOL significantly promoted generation of dendritic filopodia (2.4- and 2.2-fold, respectively) and spine (1.7- and 1.4-fold) formations in spinogenesis; they also increased presynaptic (3.6- and 2.6-fold), postsynaptic (2.5- and 2.9-fold), and cocolonized (3.8- and 3.0-fold) puncta, which enhances synaptic function (P< 0.05). Further, EKA- and iCHOL-treated neurons showed significantly improved functional presynaptic plasticity (1.6- and 1.4-fold, respectively, at 17 days in vitro; P<0.05). These results indicate that K. alverezii facilitates neuronal development, and support its use as a functional food to reduce neurological disorders and prevent brain aging via helping to reconstruct partially damaged neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Tirtawijaya
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Md Nazmul Haque
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk 38066, Korea
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk 38066, Korea
| | - Maria Dyah Nur Meinita
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Center for Maritime Biosciences Studies, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Jawa Tengah 53123, Indonesia
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Division of Bioindustry, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea
| | - Yong-Ki Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
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107
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Hu C, Chen C, Chen J, Xiao K, Wang J, Shi Q, Ma Y, Gao LP, Wu YZ, Liu L, Xia Y, Yan P, Maimaitiming A, Zhou DH, Zhang LN, Chen ZB, Dong XP. The low levels of nerve growth factor and its upstream regulatory kinases in prion infection is reversed by resveratrol. Neurosci Res 2019; 162:52-62. [PMID: 31891740 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2019.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol shows ability to eliminate prion replication, but the exact mechanism for prion eradication was not clear yet. Our previous studies demonstrate a downregulation of brain-derived nerve growth factor (BDNF) during prion infection, meanwhile recovery of cerebral nerve growth factor (NGF) level by resveratrol treatment has been reported in other neurodegenerative models. To obtain the possible changes of brain NGF and its upstream regulatory cascade during prion infection and after removal of prion propagation, the levels of NGF and its upstream regulatory factors in various prion-infected and prion-eradicated SMB cell lines and mice brains inoculated with various SMB cellular lysates were assessed with various methodologies. The levels of NGF were significantly decreased during prion replication, while recovered after removal of PrPSc by resveratrol in vitro. Morphological assays revealed that the NGF signals mainly colocalized within neurons, but not in the proliferative astrocytes and microglia. The upstream positive regulatory kinases, such as p-CREB, p-CaMKIV, CaMKK2 were decreased in the prion infected cells and mice brains, whereas the negative regulatory one, p-CaMKK2, was increased. The aberrant situations of those kinases in prion infected cell lines or mice brains could be also partially reversed by removal of prion agent. Moreover, we demonstrated that the signals of CaMKK2 and p-CaMKK2 were also distributed predominately in neurons in the brain tissues. The data illustrate a direct linkage of abnormally repressive NGF and its upstream regulatory kinases with prion infection. Resveratrol has not only the ability to inhibit prion replication, but also to improve the expression of NGF via CaMKK2/CaMKIV cascade, which might benefit the microenvironment in brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hu
- College of Agricultural, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Cao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, China; Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiao Hong Shan No.44, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; College of Animal Science Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Yue Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ping Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Zhang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lian Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Ying Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Pu Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Adalaiti Maimaitiming
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Hua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Bao Chen
- College of Agricultural, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, China; Center for Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, China; Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiao Hong Shan No.44, Wuhan, 430071, China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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108
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NOX2-Dependent Reactive Oxygen Species Regulate Formyl-Peptide Receptor 1-Mediated TrkA Transactivation in SH-SY5Y Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2051235. [PMID: 31871542 PMCID: PMC6913242 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2051235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several enzymes are capable of producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), but only NADPH oxidases (NOX) generate ROS as their primary and sole function. In the central nervous system, NOX2 is the major source of ROS, which play important roles in signalling and functions. NOX2 activation requires p47phox phosphorylation and membrane translocation of cytosolic subunits. We demonstrate that SH-SY5Y cells express p47phox and that the stimulation of Formyl-Peptide Receptor 1 (FPR1) by N-fMLP induces p47phox phosphorylation and NOX-dependent superoxide generation. FPR1 is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family and is able to transphosphorylate several tyrosine kinase receptors (RTKs). This mechanism requires ROS as signalling intermediates and is necessary to share information within the cell. We show that N-fMLP stimulation induces the phosphorylation of cytosolic Y490, Y751, and Y785 residues of the neurotrophin receptor TrkA. These phosphotyrosines provide docking sites for signalling molecules which, in turn, activate Ras/MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and PLC-γ1/PKC intracellular cascades. N-fMLP-induced ROS generation plays a critical role in FPR1-mediated TrkA transactivation. In fact, the blockade of NOX2 functions prevents Y490, Y751, and Y785 phosphorylation, as well as the triggering of downstream signalling cascades. Moreover, we observed that FPR1 stimulation by N-fMLP also improves proliferation, cellular migration, and neurite outgrowth of SH-SY5Y cells.
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109
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Moon GJ, Kim S, Jeon MT, Lee KJ, Jang IS, Nakamura M, Kim SR. Therapeutic Potential of AAV1-Rheb(S16H) Transduction Against Alzheimer's Disease. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122053. [PMID: 31766645 PMCID: PMC6947419 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that adeno-associated virus serotype 1-constitutively active Ras homolog enriched in brain [AAV1-Rheb(S16H)] transduction of hippocampal neurons could induce neuron-astroglia interactions in the rat hippocampus in vivo, resulting in neuroprotection. However, it remains uncertain whether AAV1-Rheb(S16H) transduction induces neurotrophic effects and preserves the cognitive memory in an animal model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with characteristic phenotypic features, such as β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation and cognitive impairments. To assess the therapeutic potential of Rheb(S16H) in AD, we have examined the beneficial effects of AAV1-Rheb(S16H) administration in the 5XFAD mouse model. Rheb(S16H) transduction of hippocampal neurons in the 5XFAD mice increased the levels of neurotrophic signaling molecules, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), and their corresponding receptors, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) and CNTF receptor α subunit (CNTFRα), respectively. In addition, Rheb(S16H) transduction inhibited Aβ production and accumulation in the hippocampus of 5XFAD mice and protected the decline of long-term potentiation (LTP), resulting in the prevention of cognitive impairments, which was demonstrated using novel object recognition testing. These results indicate that Rheb(S16H) transduction of hippocampal neurons may have therapeutic potential in AD by inhibiting Aβ accumulation and preserving LTP associated with cognitive memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong Joon Moon
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (G.J.M.); (S.K.); (M.-T.J.)
- BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Sehwan Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (G.J.M.); (S.K.); (M.-T.J.)
- BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Min-Tae Jeon
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (G.J.M.); (S.K.); (M.-T.J.)
- BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Kea Joo Lee
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea;
| | - Il-Sung Jang
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea;
| | - Michiko Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea;
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (G.J.M.); (S.K.); (M.-T.J.)
- BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- Institute of Life Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence:
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110
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Xiang C, Han S, Nao J, Cong S. MicroRNAs Dysregulation and Metabolism in Multiple System Atrophy. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1103. [PMID: 31680837 PMCID: PMC6811505 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is an adult onset, fatal disease, characterized by an accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in oligodendroglial cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs involved in post-translational regulation and several biological processes. Disruption of miRNA-related pathways in the central nervous system (CNS) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including MSA. While the exact mechanisms underlying miRNAs in the pathogenesis of MSA remain unclear, it is known that miRNAs can repress the translation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that regulate the following pathogenesis associated with MSA: autophagy, neuroinflammation, α-syn accumulation, synaptic transmission, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. In this review, the metabolism of miRNAs and their functional roles in the pathogenesis of MSA are discussed, thereby highlighting miRNAs as potential new biomarkers for the diagnosis of MSA and in increasing our understanding of the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchen Xiang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shunchang Han
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianfei Nao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuyan Cong
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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111
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Ni Y, Yang X, Zheng L, Wang Z, Wu L, Jiang J, Yang T, Ma L, Fu Z. Lactobacillus
and
Bifidobacterium
Improves Physiological Function and Cognitive Ability in Aged Mice by the Regulation of Gut Microbiota. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900603. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinhua Ni
- College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of Technology China
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of Technology China
| | - Liujie Zheng
- College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of Technology China
| | - Zhe Wang
- College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of Technology China
| | - Lianxin Wu
- College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of Technology China
| | - Jinlu Jiang
- College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of Technology China
| | - Tianqi Yang
- College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of Technology China
| | - Lingyan Ma
- College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of Technology China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of Technology China
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112
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Namsi A, Nury T, Khan AS, Leprince J, Vaudry D, Caccia C, Leoni V, Atanasov AG, Tonon MC, Masmoudi-Kouki O, Lizard G. Octadecaneuropeptide (ODN) Induces N2a Cells Differentiation through a PKA/PLC/PKC/MEK/ERK-Dependent Pathway: Incidence on Peroxisome, Mitochondria, and Lipid Profiles. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183310. [PMID: 31514417 PMCID: PMC6767053 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and death of neuronal cells. To counteract such damage and to favor neurogenesis, neurotrophic factors could be used as therapeutic agents. Octadecaneuropeptide (ODN), produced by astrocytes, is a potent neuroprotective agent. In N2a cells, we studied the ability of ODN to promote neuronal differentiation. This parameter was evaluated by phase contrast microscopy, staining with crystal violet, cresyl blue, and Sulforhodamine 101. The effect of ODN on cell viability and mitochondrial activity was determined with fluorescein diacetate and DiOC6(3), respectively. The impact of ODN on the topography of mitochondria and peroxisomes, two tightly connected organelles involved in nerve cell functions and lipid metabolism, was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy: detection of mitochondria with MitoTracker Red, and peroxisome with an antibody directed against the ABCD3 peroxisomal transporter. The profiles in fatty acids, cholesterol, and cholesterol precursors were determined by gas chromatography, in some cases coupled with mass spectrometry. Treatment of N2a cells with ODN (10-14 M, 48 h) induces neurite outgrowth. ODN-induced neuronal differentiation was associated with modification of topographical distribution of mitochondria and peroxisomes throughout the neurites and did not affect cell viability and mitochondrial activity. The inhibition of ODN-induced N2a differentiation with H89, U73122, chelerythrine and U0126 supports the activation of a PKA/PLC/PKC/MEK/ERK-dependent signaling pathway. Although there is no difference in fatty acid profile between control and ODN-treated cells, the level of cholesterol and some of its precursors (lanosterol, desmosterol, lathosterol) was increased in ODN-treated cells. The ability of ODN to induce neuronal differentiation without cytotoxicity reinforces the interest for this neuropeptide with neurotrophic properties to overcome nerve cell damage in major neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Namsi
- Team Bio-PeroxIL, Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism (EA7270)/University Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC)/Inserm, 21000 Dijon, France.
- Faculty of Science of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, LR18ES03, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Biomolecules Valorisation, Tunis 2092, Tunisia.
| | - Thomas Nury
- Team Bio-PeroxIL, Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism (EA7270)/University Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC)/Inserm, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Amira S Khan
- Physiology of Nutrition & Toxicology (NUTox), Inserm U1231, University UBFC, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Normandie University, 76000 Rouen, France.
- UNIROUEN, Regional Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), Normandie University, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - David Vaudry
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Normandie University, 76000 Rouen, France.
- UNIROUEN, Regional Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), Normandie University, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Claudio Caccia
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Foundation IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20100 Milan, Italy.
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Hospital of Varese, ASST-Settelaghi, 20100 Milan, Italy.
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Marie-Christine Tonon
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Normandie University, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Olfa Masmoudi-Kouki
- Faculty of Science of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, LR18ES03, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Biomolecules Valorisation, Tunis 2092, Tunisia.
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Team Bio-PeroxIL, Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism (EA7270)/University Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC)/Inserm, 21000 Dijon, France.
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Dynamics of host and graft after cell sheet transplantation: Basic study for the application of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain Res 2019; 1724:146444. [PMID: 31518575 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells offer great hope for the therapy of neurological disorders. Using a human artificial chromosome (HAC), we generated modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), termed HAC-MSC that express 3 growth factors and 2 marker proteins including luciferase, and previously demonstrated that intrathecal administration of HAC-MSCs extended the lifespan in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, donor cells disappeared rapidly after transplantation. To overcome this poor survival, we transplanted the HAC-MSCs as a sheet structure which retained the extracellular matrix. We investigated, here, whether cell sheet showed a longer survival than intrathecal administration. Also, the therapeutic effects on ALS model mice were examined. In vivo imaging showed that luciferase signals increased immediately after transplantation up to 7 days, and these signals were sustained for up to 14 days. In contrast, following intrathecal administration, signals were drastically decreased by day 3. Moreover, cell sheet transplantation successfully prolonged the survival of donor HAC-MSCs. Cell sheet transplantation increased the level of p-Akt at the graft area. Pathologically, none of the donor cells differentiated into neurons, astrocytes or microglial cells. When the cell sheet was transplanted into ALS model mice, there was an encouraging trend in the delayed onset of symptoms and increased lifespan. If each group was subdivided into rapid and slow progressors based on cut-off values for respective median survival, the survival of rapid progressors differed significantly between groups (treated vs. sham-operated = 145.4 ± 1.4 vs. 139.2 ± 1.2). The effect of HAC-MSC sheet transplantation still has a temporally narrow therapeutic window. Further improvement could be achieved by optimization of the transplantation conditions, e.g. co-transplantation of HAC-MSCs with endothelial progenitor cells.
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Moradi P, Ganjkhani M, Anarkooli IJ, Abdanipour A. Neuroprotective effects of lovastatin in the pilocarpine rat model of epilepsy according to the expression of neurotrophic factors. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:1061-1069. [PMID: 31144103 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Studies have suggested that neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are involved in the status epilepticus development. This indicates their essential role in mediating acquired epileptic conditions. Therefore, modulating the expression of NTFs may inhibit seizure-induced cell loss in the epileptic lesions. In this study, we examined the anti-apoptotic, anti-necrotic and regulatory effects of lovastatin on the expression of NTFs in the pilocarpine rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). A total of 32 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 8 per group): i) normal; ii) non-treated epileptic group [intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 350-400 mg/kg pilocarpine]; iii) treatment group (pilocarpine-treated rats treated followed by 5 mg/kg lovastatin); and iv) vehicle epileptic rats treated with Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Animals that had a behavioral score of 4-5 according to the Racine scale were selected for study participation. Three days after the first seizure, pilocarpine-treated rats received i.p. injections of lovastatin for 14 days. The rats were killed and prepared for histopathologic analysis as well as real-time RT-PCR 17 days after the first seizure. The results of this study showed increased mRNA expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and decreased expressions of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and Neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) mRNA in the epileptic rats treated with lovastatin. Histological analysis of neurodegeneration in the brain sections showed that the number of hippocampal apoptotic and necrotic cells significantly decreased in the treatment groups. Furthermore, numerical density of neurons per area was significantly higher in the treated groups compared with the untreated groups. Collectively, the results of this study have shown that lovastatin could attenuate seizure-induced expression of neurotrophic factors and consequently reduce hippocampal cell death in the pilocarpine rat model of TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooyan Moradi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), P.O. Box 45139-56184, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mahin Ganjkhani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), P.O. Box 45139-56184, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Iraj Jafari Anarkooli
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), P.O. Box 45139-56184, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Alireza Abdanipour
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), P.O. Box 45139-56184, Zanjan, Iran.
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115
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Chang W, Huang D, Lo YM, Tee Q, Kuo P, Wu JS, Huang W, Shen S. Protective Effect of Caffeic Acid against Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis via Modulating Cerebral Insulin Signaling, β-Amyloid Accumulation, and Synaptic Plasticity in Hyperinsulinemic Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7684-7693. [PMID: 31203623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the alleviative effect of caffeic acid (CA) on Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis and associated mechanisms in high-fat (HF) diet-induced hyperinsulinemic rats. The results of a Morris water maze indicated that, by administrating CA (30 mg/kg b.w./day) for 30 weeks, the memory and learning impairments in HF-induced hyperinsulinemic rats were significantly ameliorated. CA also enhanced superoxide dismutase and glutathione free radical scavenger activity in hyperinsulinemic rats. The Western blot data further confirmed that protein expressions of phosphorylated-glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) were significantly increased, whereas the expression of phosphorylated-tau protein decreased in the hippocampus of rats administered with CA in comparison with the HF group. Moreover, the expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and β-site APP cleaving enzyme were attenuated, subsequently lowering the level of β-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ 1-42) in the hippocampus of CA-treated hyperinsulinemic rats. CA also significantly increased the expression of synaptic proteins in HF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchang Chang
- Department of Food Science , National Chiayi University , No. 300, Syuefu Road , Chiayi City 60004 , Taiwan
| | - Dawei Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology , Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology , No. 1, Nan-Tai Street , Yungkang District, Tainan City 710 , Taiwan
| | - Y Martin Lo
- Institute for Advanced Study , Shenzhen University , 3688 Nanhai Blvd , Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518060 , China
| | - Qinqiao Tee
- Graduate Program of Nutrition Science , National Taiwan Normal University , No. 162, Sec. 1, Heping East Road , Taipei 10610 , Taiwan
| | - Poling Kuo
- Graduate Program of Nutrition Science , National Taiwan Normal University , No. 162, Sec. 1, Heping East Road , Taipei 10610 , Taiwan
| | - James Swibea Wu
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology , National Taiwan University , P.O. Box 23-14, Taipei 10672 , Taiwan
| | - Wenchung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology , Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , No. 261, Wenhua First Road , Guishan District, Taoyuan 33303 , Taiwan
| | - Szuchuan Shen
- Graduate Program of Nutrition Science , National Taiwan Normal University , No. 162, Sec. 1, Heping East Road , Taipei 10610 , Taiwan
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116
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Sadlon A, Takousis P, Alexopoulos P, Evangelou E, Prokopenko I, Perneczky R. miRNAs Identify Shared Pathways in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:662-672. [PMID: 31221572 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the identification of several dozens of common genetic variants associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), most of the genetic risk remains uncharacterised. Therefore, it is important to understand the role of regulatory elements, such as miRNAs. Dysregulated miRNAs are implicated in AD and PD, with potential value in dissecting the shared pathophysiology between the two disorders. miRNAs relevant to both neurodegenerative diseases are related to axonal guidance, apoptosis, and inflammation, therefore, AD and PD likely arise from similar underlying biological pathway defects. Furthermore, pathways regulated by APP, L1CAM, and genes of the caspase family may represent promising therapeutic miRNA targets in AD and PD since they are targeted by dysregulated miRNAs in both disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Sadlon
- Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Petros Takousis
- Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Panagiotis Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Section of Genomics of Common Disease, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; Section of Statistical Multi-Omics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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117
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Virachit S, Mathews KJ, Cottam V, Werry E, Galli E, Rappou E, Lindholm P, Saarma M, Halliday GM, Shannon Weickert C, Double KL. Levels of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor are decreased, but fibroblast growth factor 2 and cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor are increased in the hippocampus in Parkinson's disease. Brain Pathol 2019; 29:813-825. [PMID: 31033033 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth factors can facilitate hippocampus-based learning and memory and are potential targets for treatment of cognitive dysfunction via their neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects. Dementia is common in Parkinson's disease (PD), but treatment options are limited. We aimed to determine if levels of growth factors are altered in the hippocampus of patients with PD, and if such alterations are associated with PD pathology. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to quantify seven growth factors in fresh frozen hippocampus from 10 PD and nine age-matched control brains. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to explore cellular and inflammatory changes that may be associated with growth factor alterations. In the PD hippocampus, protein levels of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor were significantly decreased, despite no evidence of neuronal loss. In contrast, protein levels of fibroblast growth factor 2 and cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor were significantly increased in PD compared to controls. Levels of the growth factors epidermal growth factor, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor did not differ between groups. Our data demonstrate changes in specific growth factors in the hippocampus of the PD brain, which potentially represent targets for modification to help attenuate cognitive decline in PD. These data also suggest that multiple growth factors and direction of change needs to be considered when approaching growth factors as a potential treatment for cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Virachit
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kathryn J Mathews
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Veronica Cottam
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Eryn Werry
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emilia Galli
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisabeth Rappou
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pӓivi Lindholm
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mart Saarma
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia.,School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | - Kay L Double
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Guo S, Liu C, Yu J, Chai Z, Wang Q, Mi X, Song G, Li Y, Yang P, Feng L, Xiao B, Ma C. Nasal delivery of Fasudil-modified immune cells exhibits therapeutic potential in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:783-795. [PMID: 30779332 PMCID: PMC6515703 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a relapsing-remitting inflammatory demyelinating disease that requires long-term treatment. Although Rho kinase inhibitor Fasudil shows good therapeutic effect in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS, certain side effects may limit its clinical use. This study aimed at observing the therapeutic potential of Fasudil-modified encephalitogenic mononuclear cells (MNCs) via nasal delivery in EAE and exploring possible mechanisms of action. METHODS Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis was induced with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 in C57BL/6 mice, and encephalitogenic MNCs were treated with Fasudil in vitro. Mice received 3 × 106 cells/10 μL per nasal cavity on day 3 and 11 postimmunization, respectively. RESULTS Fasudil-modified MNCs reduced clinical severity of EAE, improved demyelination, and decreased inflammatory cells in spinal cords. Immunohistochemical results indicated that CD4+ T cells and CD68+ macrophages were barely detected in Fasudil-MNCs group. Fasudil-modified MNCs decreased CD4+ IFN-γ+ and CD4+ IL-17+ T cells, increased CD4+ IL-10+ T cells, restrained M1 markers CD16/32, CCR7, IL-12, CD8a, enhanced M2 markers CD206, CD200, CD14 in spleen. Fasudil-modified MNCs inhibited the activation of inflammatory signaling p-NF-kB/P38, accompanied by the decrease of COX-2 and the increase of Arg-1 in spinal cord, as well as the reduction of IL-17, TNF-α, IL-6 and the elevation of IL-10 in cultured supernatant of splenocytes. Fasudil-modified MNCs enhanced the levels of neurotrophic factors BDNF and NT-3 in spinal cord. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that intranasal delivery of Fasudil-modified MNCs have therapeutic potential in EAE, providing a safe and effective cell therapeutic strategy to MS and/or other related disorders.
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MESH Headings
- 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine/analogs & derivatives
- 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine/pharmacology
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy/methods
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/therapy
- Female
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/transplantation
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
- Peptide Fragments
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang‐De Guo
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Medical SchoolShanxi Datong UniversityDatongChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Brain ScienceShanxi Datong UniversityDatongChina
| | - Chun‐Yun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Medical SchoolShanxi Datong UniversityDatongChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Brain ScienceShanxi Datong UniversityDatongChina
| | - Jing‐Wen Yu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Medical SchoolShanxi Datong UniversityDatongChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Brain ScienceShanxi Datong UniversityDatongChina
| | - Zhi Chai
- Research Center of NeurobiologyShanxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTaiyuanChina
| | - Qing Wang
- Research Center of NeurobiologyShanxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTaiyuanChina
| | - Xi‐Ting Mi
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Medical SchoolShanxi Datong UniversityDatongChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Brain ScienceShanxi Datong UniversityDatongChina
| | - Guo‐Bin Song
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Medical SchoolShanxi Datong UniversityDatongChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Brain ScienceShanxi Datong UniversityDatongChina
| | - Yan‐Hua Li
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Medical SchoolShanxi Datong UniversityDatongChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Brain ScienceShanxi Datong UniversityDatongChina
| | - Peng‐Wei Yang
- Research Center of NeurobiologyShanxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTaiyuanChina
| | - Ling Feng
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Medical SchoolShanxi Datong UniversityDatongChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Brain ScienceShanxi Datong UniversityDatongChina
| | - Bao‐Guo Xiao
- Institute of NeurologyHuashan HospitalInstitutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Cun‐Gen Ma
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Medical SchoolShanxi Datong UniversityDatongChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Brain ScienceShanxi Datong UniversityDatongChina
- Research Center of NeurobiologyShanxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTaiyuanChina
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γ-Synuclein Induces Human Cortical Astrocyte Proliferation and Subsequent BDNF Expression and Release. Neuroscience 2019; 410:41-54. [PMID: 31078687 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
γ-Synuclein (γ-syn) is expressed by astrocytes in the human nervous system, and increased extracellularly in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Upregulation of γ-syn also coincides with proliferation of glioblastomas and other cancers. In order to better understand regulation and function of extracellular γ-syn, primary human cortical astrocytes were treated with γ-syn conditioned media at various physiological concentrations (50, 100, 150 nM) after cell synchronization. Additionally, extracellular brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neuroprotective growth factor released by astrocytes that has been shown to be decreased extracellularly in neurodegenerative disease, was observed in response to γ-syn treatment. Analysis of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and propidium iodide through flow cytometry 24 h after release from synchronization revealed an increase in G2/M phase of the cell cycle with 100 nM γ-syn during initial cell division, an effect that was reversed at 48 h. However, increased extracellular BDNF was observed at 48 h with 100 nM and 150 nM γ-syn treatment with no difference between controls at 24 h. Further analysis of cell cycle markers with immunocytochemistry of BrdU and Ki67 after treatment with 100 nM γ-syn confirmed increased initial cell proliferation and decreased non-proliferating cells. Western blot analysis demonstrated increased γ-syn levels after 100 nM treatment at 24 and 48 h, and increased pro-BDNF, mature BDNF and cell viability at 48 h. The results demonstrate that γ-syn internalization by human cortical astrocytes causes upregulation of the cell cycle, followed by subsequent BDNF expression and release.
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Pandemrix-induced narcolepsy is associated with genes related to immunity and neuronal survival. EBioMedicine 2019; 40:595-604. [PMID: 30711515 PMCID: PMC6413474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of narcolepsy rose sharply after the swine influenza A (H1N1) vaccination campaign with Pandemrix. Narcolepsy is an immune-related disorder with excessive daytime sleepiness. The most frequent form is strongly associated with HLA-DQB1*06:02, but only a minority of carriers develop narcolepsy. We aimed to identify genetic markers that predispose to Pandemrix-induced narcolepsy. Methods We tested for genome-wide and candidate gene associations in 42 narcolepsy cases and 4981 controls. Genotyping was performed on Illumina arrays, HLA alleles were imputed using SNP2HLA, and single nucleotide polymorphisms were imputed using the haplotype reference consortium panel. The genome-wide significance threshold was p < 5 × 10−8, and the nominal threshold was p < 0.05. Results were replicated in 32 cases and 7125 controls. Chromatin data was used for functional annotation. Findings Carrying HLA-DQB1*06:02 was significantly associated with narcolepsy, odds ratio (OR) 39.4 [95% confidence interval (CI) 11.3, 137], p = 7.9 × 10−9. After adjustment for HLA, GDNF-AS1 (rs62360233) was significantly associated, OR = 8.7 [95% CI 4.2, 17.5], p = 2.6 × 10−9, and this was replicated, OR = 3.4 [95% CI 1.2–9.6], p = 0.022. Functional analysis revealed variants in high LD with rs62360233 that might explain the detected association. The candidate immune-gene locus TRAJ (rs1154155) was nominally associated in both the discovery and replication cohorts, meta-analysis OR = 2.0 [95% CI 1.4, 2.8], p = 0.0002. Interpretation We found a novel association between Pandemrix-induced narcolepsy and the non-coding RNA gene GDNF-AS1, which has been shown to regulate expression of the essential neurotrophic factor GDNF. Changes in regulation of GDNF have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases. This finding may increase the understanding of disease mechanisms underlying narcolepsy. Associations between Pandemrix-induced narcolepsy and immune-related genes were replicated.
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Abstract
Many diseases are related to age, among these neurodegeneration is particularly important. Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's and Glaucoma have many common pathogenic events including oxidative damage, Mitochondrial dysfunction, endothelial alterations and changes in the visual field. These are well known in the case of glaucoma, less in the case of neurodegeneration of the brain. Many other molecular aspects are common, such as the role of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy and neuronal apoptosis while others have been neglected due to lack of space such as inflammatory cytokine or miRNA. Moreover, the loss of specific neuronal populations, the induction of similar mechanisms of cell injury and the deposition of protein aggregates in specific anatomical areas are very similar events between these diseases. Intracellular and/or extracellular accumulation of protein aggregates is a key feature of many neurodegenerative disorders. The existence of abnormal protein aggregates has been documented in the RGCs of glaucomatous patients such as the anomalous Tau protein or the β-amyloid accumulations. Intra-cell catabolic processes also appear to be common in both glaucoma and neurodegeneration. They also help us to understand how the basis between these diseases is common and how the visual aspects can be a serious problem for those who are affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Claudio Saccà
- Department of Head/Neck Pathologies, St Martino Hospital, Ophthalmology Unit, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Carlo Alberto Cutolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Science, University of Genoa, Policlinico San Martino Hospital, Eye Clinic Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Rossi
- Department of Head/Neck Pathologies, St Martino Hospital, Ophthalmology Unit, Genoa, Italy
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Zhang Z, Zhang S, Lui CNP, Zhu P, Zhang Z, Lin K, Dai Y, Yung KKL. Traditional Chinese medicine-based neurorestorative therapy for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. JOURNAL OF NEURORESTORATOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.26599/jnr.2019.9040026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), has been dramatically increasing, particularly in the aging population. However, the currently available therapies merely alleviate the symptoms of these diseases and are unable to retard disease progression significantly. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used in clinical practice for thousands of years for ameliorating symptoms or interfering with the pathogenesis of aging- associated diseases. Modern pharmacological studies have proved that TCM imparts disease-modifying therapeutic effects against these diseases, such as protection of neurons, clearance of protein aggregates, and regulation of neuroinflammation. This review summarizes the evidence from recent studies on AD and PD therapies regarding the neuroprotective activities and molecular mechanisms of a series of TCM formulations comprising herbs and their active ingredients. The findings of this review support the use of TCM as an alternative source of therapy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Wang AQ, Kong LN, Meng MZ, Zhao XH, Chen S, Wang XT. Mechanisms by which fibroblast growth factor 20 improves motor performance in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1438-1444. [PMID: 30964070 PMCID: PMC6524521 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.253527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide studies have reported that Parkinson’s disease is associated with abnormal expression of various growth factors. In this study, male C57BL/6 mice aged 10 weeks were used to establish Parkinson’s disease models using an intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. 28 days later, 10 or 100 ng fibroblast growth factor 20 was injected intracerebroventricularly. The electrophysiological changes in the mouse hippocampus were recorded using a full-cell patch clamp. Expression of Kv4.2 in the substantia nigra was analyzed using a western blot assay. Serum malondialdehyde levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The motor coordination of mice was evaluated using the rotarod test. The results showed that fibroblast growth factor 20 decreased A-type potassium current in neurons of the substantia nigra, increased long-term potentiation amplitude in the hippocampus, and downregulated Kv4.2 expression. A high dose of fibroblast growth factor 20 reduced serum malondialdehyde levels and enhanced the motor coordination of mice. These findings confirm that fibroblast growth factor 20 has a therapeutic effect on the toxicity induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, and its mechanism of action is associated with the inhibition of A-type K+ currents and Kv4.2 expression. All animal procedures were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China in 2017 (approval No. KYLL-2017-0012).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Qin Wang
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li-Na Kong
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Meng
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiu-He Zhao
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Si Chen
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Tang Wang
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Fan LW, Carter K, Bhatt A, Pang Y. Rapid transport of insulin to the brain following intranasal administration in rats. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1046-1051. [PMID: 30762017 PMCID: PMC6404510 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.250624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that intranasal insulin protects substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons against 6-hydroxydopamine neurotoxicity in rats. This study aimed to assess insulin pharmacokinetics in the rat brain following intranasal application. Recombinant human insulin (rh-Ins) or phosphate buffer solution was administered to both nostrils of rats. Animals were sacrificed at 15 minutes, 1, 2, and 6 hours to determine insulin levels in different brain regions by an ultrasensitive, human-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. For fluorescence tracing study, rats were administered with intranasal florescence-tagged insulin (Alex546-Ins), and brains were fixed at 10 and 30 minutes to prepare sagittal sections. rh-Ins was detected in all brain regions examined except the cerebral cortex. The highest levels were detected in the brainstem, followed by the cerebellum, substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area, olfactory bulb, striatum, hippocampus, and thalamus/hypothalamus. Insulin levels reached a peak at 15 minutes and then declined gradually overtime, but remained significantly higher than baseline levels at 6 hours in most regions. Consistently, widespread Alex546-Ins-binding cells were detected in the brain at 10 and 30 minutes, with the olfactory bulb and brainstem showing the highest while the cerebral cortex showing lowest fluorescence signals. Double-immunostaining showed that Alex546-Ins-bindings were primarily co-localized with neuronal nuclei-positive neurons. In the subtantia nigra, phospho-Akt was found to be activated in a subset of Alex546-Ins and tyrosine hydroxylase double-labeled cells, suggesting activation of the Akt/PI3K pathway in these dopaminergic neurons. Data from this study suggest that intranasal insulin could effectively reach deep brain structures including the nigrostriatal pathways, where it binds to dopaminergic neurons and activates intracellular cell survival signaling. This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care Committee at the University of Mississippi Medical Center (protocol 1333A) on June 29, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lir-Wan Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Kathleen Carter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Abhay Bhatt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Yi Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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Qu Y, Chen X, Xu MM, Sun Q. Relationship between high dietary fat intake and Parkinson's disease risk: a meta-analysis. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:2156-2163. [PMID: 31397355 PMCID: PMC6788237 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.262599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether dietary fat intake influences Parkinson’s disease risk. DATA SOURCES: We systematically surveyed the Embase and PubMed databases, reviewing manuscripts published prior to October 2018. The following terms were used: (“Paralysis agitans” OR “Parkinson disease” OR “Parkinson” OR “Parkinson’s” OR “Parkinson’s disease”) AND (“fat” OR “dietary fat” OR “dietary fat intake”). DATA SELECTION: Included studies were those with both dietary fat intake and Parkinson’s disease risk as exposure factors. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was adapted to investigate the quality of included studies. Stata V12.0 software was used for statistical analysis. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcomes included the relationship between high total energy intake, high total fat intake, and Parkinson’s disease risk. The secondary outcomes included the relationship between different kinds of fatty acids and Parkinson’s disease risk. RESULTS: Nine articles met the inclusion criteria and were incorporated into this meta-analysis. Four studies scored 7 and the other five studies scored 9 on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, meaning that all studies were of high quality. Meta-analysis results showed that high total energy intake was associated with an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease (P = 0.000, odds ratio (OR) = 1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26–1.75); in contrast, high total fat intake was not associated with Parkinson’s disease risk (P = 0.123, OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.91–1.25). Subgroup analysis revealed that polyunsaturated fatty acid intake (P = 0.010, OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.88–1.20) reduced the risk of Parkinson’s disease, while arachidonic acid (P = 0.026, OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.97–1.37) and cholesterol (P = 0.002, OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.92–1.29) both increased the risk of Parkinson’s disease. Subgroup analysis also demonstrated that, although the results were not significant, consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (P = 0.071, OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.73–1.05), α-linolenic acid (P = 0.06, OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.72–1.02), and the n-3 to n-6 ratio (P = 0.458, OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.75–1.06) were all linked with a trend toward reduced Parkinson’s disease risk. Monounsaturated fatty acid (P = 0.450, OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.91–1.23), n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (P = 0.100, OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.96–1.36) and linoleic acid (P = 0.053, OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.94–1.32) intakes were associated with a non-significant trend toward higher PD risk. Saturated fatty acid (P = 0.619, OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.87–1.18) intake was not associated with Parkinson’s disease. CONCLUSION: Dietary fat intake affects Parkinson’s disease risk, although this depends on the fatty acid subtype. Higher intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids may reduce the risk of Parkinson’s disease, while higher cholesterol and arachidonic acid intakes may elevate Parkinson’s disease risk. However, further studies and evidence are needed to validate any link between dietary fat intake and Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Man-Man Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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Brain ageing and neurodegenerative disease: The role of cellular waste management. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 158:207-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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127
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Actions of Brain-Derived Neurotrophin Factor in the Neurogenesis and Neuronal Function, and Its Involvement in the Pathophysiology of Brain Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113650. [PMID: 30463271 PMCID: PMC6274766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF, has an important role in a variety of neuronal aspects, such as differentiation, maturation, and synaptic function in the central nervous system (CNS). BDNF stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK), phosphoinositide-3kinase (PI3K), and phospholipase C (PLC)-gamma pathways via activation of tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), a high affinity receptor for BDNF. Evidence has shown significant contributions of these signaling pathways in neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in in vivo and in vitro experiments. Importantly, it has been demonstrated that dysfunction of the BDNF/TrkB system is involved in the onset of brain diseases, including neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. In this review, we discuss actions of BDNF and related signaling molecules on CNS neurons, and their contributions to the pathophysiology of brain diseases.
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Neurotrophic Activity of the Carrageenophyte Kappaphycus alvarezii Cultivated at Different Depths and for Different Growth Periods in Various Areas of Indonesia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:1098076. [PMID: 30420890 PMCID: PMC6211153 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1098076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The carrageenophyte Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta) has neurotrophic activity in primary hippocampal neurons. This seaweed is abundant and easily cultivated in tropical coastal areas. To determine the best growth conditions for neurotrophic activity, thalli were grown at different depths and for different periods in various areas of Indonesia. Neurotrophic activity was measured based on the number of primary neurites, the total length of the primary neurites, and the length of the longest neurite. K. alvarezii had higher neurotrophic activity than carrageenophytes K. striatum and Eucheuma denticulatum cultured under the same conditions. K. alvarezii grown at the surface for 45 days had higher (1.4- to 1.8-fold) neurotrophic activity than thalli grown at depth (2 m) or harvested sooner (15 days) (P < 0.05). Relatively high activities were detected in thalli cultured at Ternate and Garut, Indonesia. Therefore, from a commercial perspective, the culture conditions at the surface for 45 days were optimal for the production of both neurotrophic compounds and carrageenan. K. alvarezii produced neurotrophic compounds under various environmental conditions, although some conditions were optimal.
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Liu M, Qin L, Wang L, Tan J, Zhang H, Tang J, Shen X, Tan L, Wang C. α‑synuclein induces apoptosis of astrocytes by causing dysfunction of the endoplasmic reticulum‑Golgi compartment. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:322-332. [PMID: 29749529 PMCID: PMC6059687 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although previous work has demonstrated that the overexpression of wild-type or mutant α-synuclein (α-syn) can induce cell death via a number of different mechanisms, including oxidative stress, dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system, mitochondrial damage and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, research interest has primarily focused on neurons. However, there is accumulating evidence that suggests that astrocytes may be involved in the earliest changes, as well as the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD), though the role of α-syn in astrocytes has not been widely studied. In the present study, it was revealed that the mutant α-syn (A53T and A30P) in astrocytes triggered ER stress via the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α signaling pathway. Astrocyte apoptosis was induced through a CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein-mediated pathway. In addition, Golgi fragmentation was observed in the process. On the other hand, it was also demonstrated, in a primary neuronal-astroglial co-culture system, that the overexpression of α-syn significantly decreased the levels of glia-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and partly inhibited neurite outgrowth. Although direct evidence is currently lacking, it was proposed that dysfunction of the ER-Golgi compartment in astrocytes overexpressing α-syn may lead to a decline of GDNF levels, which in turn would suppress neurite outgrowth. Taken together, the results of the present study offer further insights into the pathogenesis of PD from the perspective of astrocytes, which may provide novel strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of PD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Qin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hainan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Jianguang Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Xiangmin Shen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Liming Tan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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Merlo S, Spampinato SF, Beneventano M, Sortino MA. The contribution of microglia to early synaptic compensatory responses that precede β-amyloid-induced neuronal death. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7297. [PMID: 29740062 PMCID: PMC5940848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25453-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial-neuronal cross-talk has a critical role in the development of neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's Disease, where it affects neuronal responses to β-amyloid peptide (Aβ)-induced toxicity. We set out to identify factors regulating synaptic responses to Aβ, dissecting the specific role of glial signaling. A low concentration of aggregated Aβ42 induced selective up-regulation of mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and release in rat organotypic hippocampal cultures as well as in cortical pure microglia. Conditioned media from resting (CMC) or Aβ42-treated (CMA) microglia were tested for their effects on synaptophysin expression in SH-SY5Y neuronal-like cells during challenge with Aβ42. Both CMC and CMA prevented Aβ-induced synaptophysin loss. In the presence of Aβ + CMA, synaptophysin was over-expressed, although it appeared partly clumped in cell bodies. Synaptophysin over-expression was not directly dependent on BDNF signaling on neuronal-like cells, but relied on autocrine BDNF action on microglia. FM1-43 labeling experiments revealed compromised synaptic vesicle recycling in Aβ42-treated neuronal-like cells, rescued by microglial conditioned medium. In these conditions, significant and prolonged neuroprotection was observed. Our results point to microglia as a target for early intervention, given its positive role in supporting neuronal compensatory responses to Aβ synaptotoxicity, which potentially lead to their extended survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Merlo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Simona Federica Spampinato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Martina Beneventano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Sortino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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132
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Weinshenker D. Long Road to Ruin: Noradrenergic Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Disease. Trends Neurosci 2018; 41:211-223. [PMID: 29475564 PMCID: PMC5878728 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It has been known for decades that degeneration of the locus coeruleus (LC), the major noradrenergic nucleus in the brain, occurs in both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), but it was given scant attention. It is now recognized that hyperphosphorylated tau in the LC is the first detectable AD-like neuropathology in the human brain, α-synuclein inclusions in the LC represent an early step in PD, and experimental LC lesions exacerbate neuropathology and cognitive/behavioral deficits in animal models. The purpose of this review is to consider the causes and consequences of LC pathology, dysfunction, and degeneration, as well as their implications for early detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Weinshenker
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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133
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Ahlskog JE. Aerobic Exercise: Evidence for a Direct Brain Effect to Slow Parkinson Disease Progression. Mayo Clin Proc 2018; 93:360-372. [PMID: 29502566 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
No medications are proven to slow the progression of Parkinson disease (PD). Of special concern with longer-standing PD is cognitive decline, as well as motor symptoms unresponsive to dopamine replacement therapy. Not fully recognized is the substantial accumulating evidence that long-term aerobic exercise may attenuate PD progression. Randomized controlled trial proof will not be forthcoming due to many complicating methodological factors. However, extensive and diverse avenues of scientific investigation converge to argue that aerobic exercise and cardiovascular fitness directly influence cerebral mechanisms mediating PD progression. To objectively assess the evidence for a PD exercise benefit, a comprehensive PubMed literature search was conducted, with an unbiased focus on exercise influences on parkinsonism, cognition, brain structure, and brain function. This aggregate literature provides a compelling argument for regular aerobic-type exercise and cardiovascular fitness attenuating PD progression.
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134
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Xu AH, Yang Y, Sun YX, Zhang CD. Exogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor attenuates cognitive impairment induced by okadaic acid in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:2173-2181. [PMID: 30323150 PMCID: PMC6199930 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.241471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, and a typical pathological change in Alzheimer's disease is neurofibrillary tangles caused by hyperphosphorylation of tau. An in vivo model of Alzheimer's disease was developed by injecting okadaic acid (2 μL) and exogenous BDNF (2 μL) into the hippocampi of adult male Wister rats. Spatial learning and memory abilities were assessed using the Morris water maze. The expression levels of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), PP2Ac-Yp307, p-tau (Thr231), and p-tau (Ser396/404) were detected by western blot assay. The expression levels of BDNF, TrkB, and synaptophysin mRNA were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Our results indicated that BDNF expression was suppressed in the hippocampus of OA-treated rats, which resulted in learning and memory deficits. Intra-hippocampal injection of BDNF attenuated this OA-induced cognitive impairment. Finally, our findings indicated an involvement of the PI3K/GSK-3β/AKT pathway in the mechanism of BDNF in regulating cognitive function. These results indicate that BDNF has beneficial effect on Alzheimer's disease, and highlight the potential of BDNF as a drug target for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Hua Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yong-Xin Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chao-Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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135
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Gerlach RM, Chaney MA. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction related to Alzheimer disease? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017; 155:968-969. [PMID: 29336803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.10.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Gerlach
- Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Mark A Chaney
- Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.
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