101
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Ye C, Zhang Y, Su Z, Wu S, Li Y, Yi J, Lai W, Chen J, Zheng Y. hMSC exosomes as a novel treatment for female sensitive skin: An in vivo study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1053679. [PMID: 36338115 PMCID: PMC9633936 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1053679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have reported that the incidence of sensitive skin is increasing. Skin sensitivity and skin barrier functions were related to many skin diseases including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, rosacea, and so on. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes (hMSC) might be considered as a new effective therapeutic scheme. Aims: This study aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of hMSC exosomes as a novel topical treatment for sensitive skin. Patients/Methods: Exosomes were extracted from primary hMSC via ultracentrifugation method. The morphology of hMSC exosomes was studied via transmission electron microscope. Expression of exosome specific surface marker was detected via Western blot. 22 subjects (female, aged 18–55) diagnosed with sensitive skin were enrolled. Follow-up was conducted before, 7-day, 14-day, and 28-day after hMSC exosomes use. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), surface hydration, sebum secretion, and L*a*b* value were simultaneously tested at the same time point in an environment-controlled room. Results: Under transmission electron microscopy, the extracted hMSC exosomes were circular or elliptical with intact membrane structure, and their diameters ranged mainly from 40 to 80 nm. Western blot showed that the expression of markers CD63, CD9, and Tsg101 was positive. Brownian motion based nanoparticle trajectory analysis (NTA) showed that the main peak of particle size distribution occurred around 96 nm, the average particle size was 122 nm, and the main peak accounted for 96.7%. All this conformed to the biological characteristics of exosomes standardized by the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles. In the clinical trial, scores of objective symptoms including roughness, scales, erythema, and subjective symptoms including tension, burning, or itching, were improved after 7-, 14-, and 28- day using hMSC-exosomes. TEWL, hydration, sebum, pH, and a* values were tended to return to the level of healthy skin. Conclusion: The hMSC-exosomes, with the advantages of biocompatibility and biodegradability, could improve clinical symptoms and eruptions in sensitive skin patients, and might be as an MSC cell-free novel therapy in sensitive skin-related disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congxiu Ye
- Department of Dermato-venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunqing Zhang
- Department of Dermato-venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Su
- Department of Dermato-venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuxia Wu
- AIE Bioscience (Guangdong) Co., LTD., Torch Development Zone, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxia Li
- AIE Bioscience (Guangdong) Co., LTD., Torch Development Zone, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinling Yi
- Department of Dermato-venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Lai
- Department of Dermato-venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Lai, ; Jian Chen, ; Yue Zheng,
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Dermato-venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Lai, ; Jian Chen, ; Yue Zheng,
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Dermato-venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Lai, ; Jian Chen, ; Yue Zheng,
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102
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Wang Y, Zhu J, Chen J, Xu R, Groth T, Wan H, Zhou G. The Signaling Pathways Induced by Exosomes in Promoting Diabetic Wound Healing: A Mini-Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4960-4976. [PMID: 36286052 PMCID: PMC9600352 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44100337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired healing of diabetic wounds harms patients' quality of life and even leads to disability and death, which is an urgent issue to be solved clinically. Despite the great progress that has been achieved, it remains a worldwide challenge to develop effective therapeutic treatments for diabetic wounds. Recently, exosomes have attracted special attention because they can be involved in immune response, antigen presentation, cell migration, cell differentiation, tumor invasion and other processes. Meanwhile, exosomes have been proven to hold great potential in the treatment of diabetic wounds. Mechanistic studies of exosomes based on signaling pathways could not only help to uncover the mechanisms by which exosomes promote diabetic wound healing but could also provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of exosomes. Herein, our mini-review aims to summarize the progress of research on the use of various exosomes derived from different cell types to promote diabetic wound healing, with a focus on the classical signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt, Wnt, NF-κB, MAPK, Notch, Nrf2, HIF-1α/VEGF and TGF-β/Smad. The results show that exosomes could regulate these signaling pathways to down-regulate inflammation, reduce oxidative stress, increase angiogenesis, promote fibroblast proliferation, induce re-epithelization and inhibit scar formation, making exosomes attractive candidates for the treatment of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jiayan Zhu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Ruojiao Xu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Thomas Groth
- Department Biomedical Materials, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Haitong Wan
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guoying Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou 310053, China
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (G.Z.)
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Formulation of secretome derived from mesenchymal stem cells for inflammatory skin diseases. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-022-00599-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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104
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Luo Y, Xu X, Ye Z, Xu Q, Li J, Liu N, Du Y. 3D bioprinted mesenchymal stromal cells in skin wound repair. Front Surg 2022; 9:988843. [PMID: 36311952 PMCID: PMC9614372 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.988843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin tissue regeneration and repair is a complex process involving multiple cell types, and current therapies are limited to promoting skin wound healing. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been proven to enhance skin tissue repair through their multidifferentiation and paracrine effects. However, there are still difficulties, such as the limited proliferative potential and the biological processes that need to be strengthened for MSCs in wound healing. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has been applied as a promising technology for tissue regeneration. 3D-bioprinted MSCs could maintain a better cell ability for proliferation and expression of biological factors to promote skin wound healing. It has been reported that 3D-bioprinted MSCs could enhance skin tissue repair through anti-inflammatory, cell proliferation and migration, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. In this review, we will discuss the progress on the effect of MSCs and 3D bioprinting on the treatment of skin tissue regeneration, as well as the perspective and limitations of current research.
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105
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Zhou M, Li YJ, Tang YC, Hao XY, Xu WJ, Xiang DX, Wu JY. Apoptotic bodies for advanced drug delivery and therapy. J Control Release 2022; 351:394-406. [PMID: 36167267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising candidates for multiple biomedical applications. Major types of EVs include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies (ABs). ABs are conferred most properties from parent cells in the final stages of apoptosis. A wide variety of sources and stable morphological features are endowed to ABs by the rigorous apoptotic program. ABs accommodate more functional biomolecules by relying on the larger volume and maintaining their naturalness in circulation. The predominant body surface ratio of ABs facilitates their recognition by recipient cells and is advantageous for interactions with microenvironments. ABs can modulate and alleviate symptoms of numerous diseases for their origins, circulation, and high biocompatibility. In addition, ABs have been emerging in disease diagnosis, immunotherapy, regenerative therapy, and drug delivery. Here, we aim to present a thorough discussion on current knowledge about ABs. Of particular interest, we will summarize the application of AB-based strategies for diagnosis and disease therapy. Perspectives for the development of ABs in biomedical applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xin-Yan Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wen-Jie Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Da-Xiong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Jun-Yong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
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106
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Zhao W, Zhang R, Zang C, Zhang L, Zhao R, Li Q, Yang Z, Feng Z, Zhang W, Cui R. Exosome Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviates Pathological Scars by Inhibiting the Proliferation, Migration and Protein Expression of Fibroblasts via Delivering miR-138-5p to Target SIRT1. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4023-4038. [PMID: 36105616 PMCID: PMC9467851 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s377317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The therapies of using exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-Exo) for wound healing and scar attenuation and micro RNAs (miRNAs) for regulation of genes by translational inhibition and mRNA destabilization obtained great achievements. Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is the silent information, which has an intricate role in many biological processes. However, the effects of SIRT1 and miR-138-5p loaded in MSC-Exo on pathological scars remain unclear. Methods MSC-Exo was isolated and identified by ultracentrifugation, transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle size measuring instrument and Western blot assays. The relationship between SIRT1 and miR-138-5p was verified by a double-luciferase reporter assay. Cell Counting Kit-8, Τranswell, scratch, and Western blot assays were used to evaluate the proliferation and migration of human skin fibroblasts (HSFs), and the protein expression of SIRT1, NF-κB, α-SMA and TGF-β1 in HSFs, respectively. Flow cytometry was used to assess the apoptosis and cell cycle of HSFs affected by SIRT1. Results Our study demonstrated that miR-138-5p loaded in MSC-Exo could attenuate proliferation, migration and protein expression of HSFs-derived NF-κB, α-SMA, and TGF-β1 by targeting to SIRT1 gene, which confirmed the potential effects of MSC-Exo in alleviating pathological scars by performing as a miRNA’s delivery vehicle. Conclusion Exosomes derived from MSCs acting as a delivery vehicle to deliver miR-138-5p can downregulate SIRT1 to inhibit the growth and protein expression of HSFs and attenuate pathological scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyu Zang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Linfeng Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuchen Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanjie Yang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Feng
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongtao Cui
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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107
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Syromiatnikova V, Prokopeva A, Gomzikova M. Methods of the Large-Scale Production of Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810522. [PMID: 36142433 PMCID: PMC9506336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been extensively investigated as potential substitutes for cell therapy. Research has suggested their ability to overcome serious risks associated with the application of these cells. Although, the translation of EVs into clinical practice is hampered by the lack of a cheap reasonable way to obtain a clinically relevant number of EVs, an available method for the large-scale production of EVs ensures vesicles’ integrity, preserves their biological activity, and ensures they are well reproducible, providing homogeneity of the product from batch to batch. In this review, advances in the development of methods to increase EVs production are discussed. The existing approaches can be divided into the following: (1) those based on increasing the production of natural EVs by creating and using high capacity “cell factories”, (2) those based on the induction of EVs secretion under various cell stressors, and (3) those based on cell fragmentation with the creation of biomimetic vesicles. The aim of this review is to stimulate the introduction of EVs into clinical practice and to draw attention to the development of new methods of EVs production on a large scale.
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108
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Teng L, Maqsood M, Zhu M, Zhou Y, Kang M, Zhou J, Chen J. Exosomes Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Accelerate Diabetic Wound Healing via Promoting M2 Macrophage Polarization, Angiogenesis, and Collagen Deposition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810421. [PMID: 36142334 PMCID: PMC9498995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Some scholars have suggested that the clinical application of exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs-exo) might represent a novel strategy to improve diabetic wound healing. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of hucMSCs-exo on wound healing remain poorly understood. This study aimed to identify the mechanism of hucMSCs-exo in treating diabetic wounds. HucMSCs-exo were isolated from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) and subcutaneously injected into full-thickness wounds in diabetic rats. Wound healing closure rates and histological analysis were performed. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), macrophage mannose receptor (MMR/CD206), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1/CD31), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The degree of collagen deposition was examined using Masson’s trichrome staining. Gross evaluation of wound healing was carried out from day 0 to 14 post-surgery, and the wound site was harvested for histology on days 3, 7, and 14 post-wounding. HucMSCs-exo transplantation increased diabetic wound healing. In vitro, hucMSCs-exo promoted the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and NIH-3T3 cells. In vivo, hucMSCs-exo reduced wound area and inflammatory infiltration and increased collagen fibers. In addition, wound tissues in the hucMSCs-exo group had higher CD206, CD31, and VEGF expressions and lower TNF-α levels than those in the control group on day 14. Our results demonstrated that hucMSCs-exo facilitated diabetic wound repair by inducing anti-inflammatory macrophages and promoting angiogenesis and collagen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Teng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Maria Maqsood
- School of Life Sciences and Heath Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuting Zhou
- School of Life Sciences and Heath Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mingzhu Kang
- School of Life Sciences and Heath Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- School of Life Sciences and Heath Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Heath Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence:
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109
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Lu Y, Yang Y, Liu S, Ge S. Biomaterials constructed for MSC-derived extracellular vesicle loading and delivery—a promising method for tissue regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:898394. [PMID: 36092710 PMCID: PMC9454000 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.898394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become the preferred seed cells for tissue regeneration. Nevertheless, due to their immunogenicity and tumorigenicity, MSC transplantation remains questionable. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from MSCs are becoming a promising substitute for MSCs. As a route of the MSC paracrine, EVs have a nano-sized and bilayer lipid-enclosed structure, which can guarantee the integrity of their cargoes, but EVs cannot obtain full function in vivo because of the rapid biodegradation and clearance by phagocytosis. To improve the efficacy and targeting of EVs, methods have been proposed and put into practice, especially engineered vesicles and EV-controlled release systems. In particular, EVs can be cell or tissue targeting because they have cell-specific ligands on their surfaces, but their targeting ability may be eliminated by the biodegradation of the phagocytic system during circulation. Novel application strategies have been proposed beyond direct injecting. EV carriers such as biodegradable hydrogels and other loading systems have been applied in tissue regeneration, and EV engineering is also a brand-new method for higher efficacy. In this review, we distinctively summarize EV engineering and loading system construction methods, emphasizing targeting modification methods and controlled release systems for EVs, which few literature reviews have involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biomaterials, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biomaterials, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biomaterials, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Shaohua Ge,
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110
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Gu Y, Du Y, Jiang L, Tang X, Li A, Zhao Y, Lang Y, Liu X, Liu J. αvβ3 integrin-specific exosomes engineered with cyclopeptide for targeted delivery of triptolide against malignant melanoma. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:384. [PMID: 35999612 PMCID: PMC9400227 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoma is the most malignant skin tumor and is difficult to cure with the alternative treatments of chemotherapy, biotherapy, and immunotherapy. Our previous study showed that triptolide (TP) exhibited powerful tumoricidal activity against melanoma. However, the clinical potential of TP is plagued by its poor aqueous solubility, short half-life, and biotoxicity. Therefore, developing an ideal vehicle to efficiently load TP and achieving targeted delivery to melanoma is a prospective approach for making full use of its antitumor efficacy. Results We applied exosome (Exo) derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) and engineered them exogenously with a cyclic peptide, arginine-glycine-aspartate (cRGD), to encapsulate TP to establish a bionic-targeted drug delivery system (cRGD-Exo/TP), achieving synergism and toxicity reduction. The average size of cRGD-Exo/TP was 157.34 ± 6.21 nm, with a high drug loading of 10.76 ± 1.21%. The in vitro antitumor results showed that the designed Exo delivery platform could be effectively taken up by targeted cells and performed significantly in antiproliferation, anti-invasion, and proapoptotic activities in A375 cells via the caspase cascade and mitochondrial pathways and cell cycle alteration. Furthermore, the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics results demonstrated that cRGD-Exo/TP possessed superior tumor targetability and prolonged the half-life of TP. Notably, cRGD-Exo/TP significantly inhibited tumor growth and extended survival time with negligible systemic toxicity in tumor-bearing mice. Conclusion The results indicated that the functionalized Exo platform provides a promising strategy for targeted therapy of malignant melanoma. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01597-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Liangdi Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaomeng Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Aixue Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yunan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yitian Lang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huangpu Branch, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Huangpu Branch, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine & School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, SAR, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078, Macau, China.
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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111
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Cao M, Zhao Y, Chen T, Zhao Z, Zhang B, Yuan C, Wang X, Chen L, Wang N, Li C, Zhou X. Adipose mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal microRNAs ameliorate polycystic ovary syndrome by protecting against metabolic disturbances. Biomaterials 2022; 288:121739. [PMID: 35987860 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine and metabolic disorder in women of childbearing age. Adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) secrete cytokines involved in the regulation of metabolism and immunity. However, it remains unclear whether exosomes secreted by AMSCs (AMSC-EXOs) can rescue the polycystic phenotype and metabolic dysfunction in PCOS ovaries. Here, we show that AMSC-EXOs can protect against metabolic disturbances, ameliorate ovarian polycystic, and improve fertility in a rat model of PCOS. AMSC-EXOs inhibited the expression of B-cell translocation gene 2 by transferring miR-21-5p to the livers of rats with PCOS, thus activating the IRS1/AKT pathway and increasing hepatic metabolism. The role of AMSC-EXOs in transferring miRNAs to the liver to improve metabolic dysfunction in PCOS and reproduction by rescuing a non-coding RNA pathway was also discovered. This study provides a theoretical basis for the use of rat adipose stem cells and their secreted exosomes to treat PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maosheng Cao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Tong Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Zijiao Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Boqi Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Chenfeng Yuan
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Chunjin Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Xu Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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Chen G, Chen H, Zeng X, Zhu W. Stem cell-derived exosomal transcriptomes for wound healing. Front Surg 2022; 9:933781. [PMID: 36034367 PMCID: PMC9417542 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.933781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex and integrated process of the interaction of various components within the injured tissue. Accumulating evidence suggested that stem cell-derived exosomal transcriptomes could serve as key regulatory molecules in wound healing in stem cell therapy. Stem cell-derived exosomal transcriptomes mainly consist of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs). In this article we presented a brief introduction on the wound repair process and exosomal transcriptomes. Meanwhile, we summarized our current knowledge of the involvement of exosomal transcriptomes in physiological and pathological wound repair process including inflammation, angiogenesis, and scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiling Chen
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- National Institute of Stem Cell Clinical Research, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hankun Chen
- Research and Development Department, Guangzhou Qinglan Biotechnology Company Limited, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zeng
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- National Institute of Stem Cell Clinical Research, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Correspondence: Xiang Zeng Wei Zhu
| | - Wei Zhu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Correspondence: Xiang Zeng Wei Zhu
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113
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Yang Y, Huang H, Li Y. Roles of exosomes and exosome-derived miRNAs in pulmonary fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:928933. [PMID: 36034858 PMCID: PMC9403513 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.928933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology that leads rapidly to death. It is characterized by the replacement of healthy tissue through an altered extracellular matrix and damage to the alveolar structure. New pharmacological treatments and biomarkers are needed for pulmonary fibrosis to ensure better outcomes and earlier diagnosis of patients. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles released by nearly all cell types that play a central role as mediators of cell-to-cell communication. Moreover, exosomes are emerging as a crucial factor in antigen presentation, immune response, immunomodulation, inflammation, and cellular phenotypic transformation and have also shown promising therapeutic potential in pulmonary fibrosis. This review summarizes current knowledge of exosomes that may promote pulmonary fibrosis and be utilized for diagnostics and prognostics. In addition, the utilization of exosomes and their cargo miRNAs as novel therapeutics and their potential mechanisms are also discussed. This review aims to elucidate the role of exosomes in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and paves the way for developing novel therapeutics for pulmonary fibrosis. Further in-depth research and clinical trials on this topic are encouraged in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Yang
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Transplantation Engineering and Immunology, Institute of Clinical Pathology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Li,
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114
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Lv H, Liu H, Sun T, Wang H, Zhang X, Xu W. Exosome derived from stem cell: A promising therapeutics for wound healing. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:957771. [PMID: 36003496 PMCID: PMC9395204 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.957771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A wound occurs when the epidermis and dermis of the skin are damaged internally and externally. The traditional wound healing method is unsatisfactory, which will prolong the treatment time and increase the treatment cost, which brings economic and psychological burdens to patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new method to accelerate wound healing. As a cell-free therapy, exosome derived from stem cell (EdSC) offers new possibilities for wound healing. EdSC is the smallest extracellular vesicle secreted by stem cells with diameters of 30–150 nm and a lipid bilayer structure. Previous studies have found that EdSC can participate in and promote almost all stages of wound healing, including regulating inflammatory cells; improving activation of fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells; and adjusting the ratio of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ. We reviewed the relevant knowledge of wounds; summarized the biogenesis, isolation, and identification of exosomes; and clarified the pharmacological role of exosomes in promoting wound healing. This review provides knowledge support for the pharmacological study of exosomes.
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115
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He Y, Zhang Z, Yao T, Huang L, Gan J, Lv H, Chen J. Extracellular vesicles derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells relieves diabetic retinopathy through a microRNA-30c-5p-dependent mechanism. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 190:109861. [PMID: 35367521 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Extracellular vesicle (EV)-transferred microRNAs (miRNAs) are proved to be potentially therapeutic candidates. Here, we attempted to unveil the role of delivery of miR-30c-5p by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs)-derived EVs in diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS miR-30c-5p and PLCG1 expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) rats and high glucose (HG)-treated human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) was quantified, followed by analysis on their interaction. EVs were isolated from hUCMSCs and co-cultured with HRECs. Through gain- and loss-of-function assays, the role of hUCMSCs-derived EV containing miR-30c-5p in DR involving PLCG1 and NF-κB pathway was analyzed in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Elevated PLCG1 was found in DM rats and HG-treated HRECs where miR-30c-5p was reduced while increased in hUCMSC-derived EVs. PLCG1 was pinpointed as a target gene of miR-30c-5p, which consequently disrupted the PKC/NF-κB pathway. hUCMSC-derived EVs decreased inflammation reaction by transferring miR-30c-5p in DM rats and HG-treated HRECs. Furthermore, similar changing tendency was observed in HG-treated HRECs induced by overexpressed miR-30c-5p through downregulation of PLCG1 in vivo. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings underlined delivery of miR-30c-5p by hUCMSC-derived EVs as a novel suppressor in the inflammatory response following DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue He
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China.
| | - Zhiru Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China
| | - Tianyu Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China
| | - Jinhua Gan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China
| | - Hongbin Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, PR China.
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Zheng D, Ruan H, Chen W, Zhang Y, Cui W, Chen H, Shen H. Advances in extracellular vesicle functionalization strategies for tissue regeneration. Bioact Mater 2022; 25:500-526. [PMID: 37056271 PMCID: PMC10087114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-scale vesicles derived by cell secretion with unique advantages such as promoting cell proliferation, anti-inflammation, promoting blood vessels and regulating cell differentiation, which benefit their wide applications in regenerative medicine. However, the in vivo therapeutic effect of EVs still greatly restricted by several obstacles, including the off-targetability, rapid blood clearance, and undesired release. To address these issues, biomedical engineering techniques are vastly explored. This review summarizes different strategies to enhance EV functions from the perspective of drug loading, modification, and combination of biomaterials, and emphatically introduces the latest developments of functionalized EV-loaded biomaterials in different diseases, including cardio-vascular system diseases, osteochondral disorders, wound healing, nerve injuries. Challenges and future directions of EVs are also discussed.
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117
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Li N, Gao Z, Zhao L, Du B, Ma B, Nian H, Wei R. MSC-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Autoimmune Dacryoadenitis by Promoting M2 Macrophage Polarization and Inducing Tregs via miR-100-5p. Front Immunol 2022; 13:888949. [PMID: 35874782 PMCID: PMC9298967 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.888949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) have been increasingly proved as promising immunomodulators against some autoimmune disorders. However, the possible effect and the underlying mechanism of MSC-sEVs in autoimmune dry eye have been rarely studied. Methods Small extracellular vesicles from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSC-sEVs) were subconjunctivally injected to rabbit dry eye model, and their preventive or therapeutical effects were assessed by recording the clinical and histological scores. Quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR), western blot and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of hUC-MSC-sEVs on macrophages and T regulatory cells (Tregs) both in vivo and in vitro, and the in vitro T cell proliferation was detected by Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay. In addition, high expression of miR-100-5p in hUC-MSC-sEVs was identified by Q-PCR, and the functional role of sEVs-miR-100-5p on macrophages was explored by a series of co-culture experiments using sEVs derived from hUC-MSCs transfected with miR-100-5p inhibitor. Results We firstly demonstrated that hUC-MSC-sEVs had the preventive and therapeutical effects on rabbit autoimmune dacryoadenitis, an animal model of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) dry eye. Further investigation revealed that hUC-MSC-sEVs administration effectively elicited macrophages into an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype and elevated the proportion of Tregs both in vivo and in vitro, which contributed to reduced inflammation and improved tissue damage. Importantly, hUC-MSC-sEVs-educated macrophages with M2-like phenotype exhibited strong capacity to inhibit CD4+ T cell proliferation and promote Treg generation in vitro. Mechanistically, miR-100-5p was highly enriched in hUC-MSC-sEVs, and knockdown of miR-100-5p in hUC-MSC-sEVs partially blunted the promotion of hUC-MSC-sEVs on M2 macrophage polarization and even attenuated the effect of hUC-MSC-sEVs-educated macrophages on T cell suppression and Treg expansion. Conclusion Our data indicated that hUC-MSC-sEVs alleviated autoimmune dacryoadenitis by promoting M2 macrophage polarization and Treg generation possibly through shuttling miR-100-5p. This study sheds new light on the application of MSC-sEVs as a promising therapeutic method for SS dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqi Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bei Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Binyun Ma
- Department of Medicine/Hematology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hong Nian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruihua Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Ibrahim R, Mndlovu H, Kumar P, Adeyemi SA, Choonara YE. Cell Secretome Strategies for Controlled Drug Delivery and Wound-Healing Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2929. [PMID: 35890705 PMCID: PMC9324118 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
There is significant interest in using stem cells in the management of cutaneous wounds. However, potential safety, efficacy, and cost problems associated with whole-cell transplantation hinder their clinical application. Secretome, a collective of mesenchymal stem-cell-stored paracrine factors, and immunomodulatory cytokines offer therapeutic potential as a cell-free therapy for the treatment of cutaneous wounds. This review explores the possibility of secretome as a treatment for cutaneous wounds and tissue regeneration. The review mainly focuses on in vitro and in vivo investigations that use biomaterials and secretome together to treat wounds, extend secretome retention, and control release to preserve their biological function. The approaches employed for the fabrication of biomaterials with condition media or extracellular vesicles are discussed to identify their future clinical application in wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yahya E. Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (R.I.); (H.M.); (P.K.); (S.A.A.)
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119
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Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Deliver miR-21 to Promote Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing through PTEN/PI3K/Akt Pathway. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:1252557. [PMID: 35873535 PMCID: PMC9303509 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1252557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Rapid restoration of corneal epithelium integrity after injury is particularly important for preserving corneal transparency and vision. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be taken into account as the promising regenerative therapeutics for improvement of wound healing processes based on the variety of the effective components. The extracellular vesicles form MSCs, especially exosomes, have been considered as important paracrine mediators though transferring microRNAs into recipient cell. This study investigated the mechanism of human umbilical cord MSC-derived small extracellular vesicles (HUMSC-sEVs) on corneal epithelial wound healing. Methods. HUMSC-sEVs were identified by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Western blot. Corneal fluorescein staining and histological staining were evaluated in a corneal mechanical wound model. Changes in HCEC proliferation after HUMSC-sEVs or miR-21 mimic treatment were evaluated by CCK-8 and EdU assays, while migration was assessed by in vitro scratch wound assay. Full-length transcriptome sequencing was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes associated with HUMSC-sEVs treatment, followed by validation via real-time PCR and Western blot. Results. The sEVs derived from HUMSCs can significantly promote corneal epithelial cell proliferation, migration in vitro, and corneal epithelial wound healing in vivo. Similar effects were obtained after miR-21 transfection, while the beneficial effects of HUMSC-sEVs were partially negated by miR-21 knockdown. Results also show that the benefits are associated with decreased PTEN level and activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in HCECs. Conclusion. HUMSC-sEVs could enhance the recovery of corneal epithelial wounds though restraining PTEN by transferring miR-21 and may represent a promising novel therapeutic agent for corneal wound repair.
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Hua T, Yang M, Song H, Kong E, Deng M, Li Y, Li J, Liu Z, Fu H, Wang Y, Yuan H. Huc-MSCs-derived exosomes attenuate inflammatory pain by regulating microglia pyroptosis and autophagy via the miR-146a-5p/TRAF6 axis. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:324. [PMID: 35836229 PMCID: PMC9281091 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammatory pain significantly reduces the quality of life and lacks effective interventions. In recent years, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (huc-MSCs)-derived exosomes have been used to relieve neuropathic pain and other inflammatory diseases as a promising cell-free therapeutic strategy. However, the therapeutic value of huc-MSCs-derived exosomes in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain remains to be confirmed. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect and related mechanisms of huc-MSCs-derived exosomes in a chronic inflammatory pain model. Methods C57BL/6J male mice were used to establish a CFA-induced inflammatory pain model, and huc-MSCs-derived exosomes were intrathecally injected for 4 consecutive days. BV2 microglia cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to investigate the effect of huc-MSCs-derived exosomes on pyroptosis and autophagy. Bioinformatic analysis and rescue experiments were used to demonstrate the role of miR-146a-5p/ TRAF6 in regulating pyroptosis and autophagy. Western blotting, RT-qPCR, small interfering RNA and Yo-Pro-1 dye staining were performed to investigate the related mechanisms. Results Huc-MSCs-derived exosomes alleviated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in CFA-induced inflammatory pain. Furthermore, huc-MSCs-derived exosomes attenuated neuroinflammation by increasing the expression of autophagy-related proteins (LC3-II and beclin1) and inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes in the spinal cord dorsal horn. In vitro, NLRP3 inflammasome components (NLRP3, caspase1-p20, ASC) and gasdermin D (GSDMD-F, GSDMD-N) were inhibited in BV2 cells pretreated with huc-MSCs-derived exosomes. Western blot and Yo-Pro-1 dye staining demonstrated that 3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor, weakened the protective effect of huc-MSCs-derived exosomes on BV2 cell pyroptosis. Importantly, huc-MSCs-derived exosomes transfected with miR-146a-5p mimic promoted autophagy and inhibited BV2 cell pyroptosis. TRAF6, as a target gene of miR-146a-5p, was knocked down via small-interfering RNA, which increased pyroptosis and inhibited autophagy. Conclusion Huc-MSCs-derived exosomes attenuated inflammatory pain via miR-146a-5p/TRAF6, which increased the level of autophagy and inhibited pyroptosis. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01522-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Honghao Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Erliang Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Mengqiu Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Yongchang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Zhixiao Liu
- Research Center of Developmental Biology, Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hailong Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine Institute, Research Center of Translational Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Hongbin Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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Pi L, Yang L, Fang BR, Meng XX, Qian L. LncRNA MALAT1 from human adipose-derived stem cell exosomes accelerates wound healing via miR-378a/FGF2 axis. Regen Med 2022; 17:627-641. [PMID: 35822640 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2021-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The effects of MALAT1 from human adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) exosomes in skin wound healing were investigated. Material & methods: The viability, apoptosis and migration ability of human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry and scratch assay, respectively. A mouse model was established to evaluate the role of exosomal MALAT1 in skin wound healing in vivo. Results: Human ADSC exosomes promoted the proliferation and migration of HSFs and increased MALAT1 expression. MALAT1 silencing in human ADSCs inhibited HSF viability and migration, promoted HSF apoptosis and inhibited angiogenesis by upregulating miR-378a. Overexpression of miR-378a inhibited the migration and proliferation of HSFs by downregulating FGF2 expression. ADSC exosomes promoted skin wound healing by mediating MALAT1 in vivo. Conclusion: Exosomal MALAT1 accelerated skin wound healing by regulating the miR-378a/FGF2 axis, suggesting that MALAT1 might be used as a potential target for cutaneous wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Pi
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Bai-Rong Fang
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Xi Meng
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Li Qian
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, P.R. China
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Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for immunomodulation and regeneration: a next generation therapeutic tool? Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:580. [PMID: 35787632 PMCID: PMC9252569 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be widely isolated from various tissues including bone marrow, umbilical cord, and adipose tissue, with the potential for self-renewal and multipotent differentiation. There is compelling evidence that the therapeutic effect of MSCs mainly depends on their paracrine action. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are fundamental paracrine effectors of MSCs and play a crucial role in intercellular communication, existing in various body fluids and cell supernatants. Since MSC-derived EVs retain the function of protocells and have lower immunogenicity, they have a wide range of prospective therapeutic applications with advantages over cell therapy. We describe some characteristics of MSC-EVs, and discuss their role in immune regulation and regeneration, with emphasis on the molecular mechanism and application of MSC-EVs in the treatment of fibrosis and support tissue repair. We also highlight current challenges in the clinical application of MSC-EVs and potential ways to overcome the problem of quality heterogeneity.
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123
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Hade MD, Suire CN, Mossell J, Suo Z. Extracellular vesicles: Emerging frontiers in wound healing. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:2102-2125. [PMID: 35757979 DOI: 10.1002/med.21918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are membranous particles, ranging from 30 nm to 10 µm in diameter, which are released by nearly all cell types to aid in intercellular communication. These complex vesicles carry a multitude of signaling moieties from their cell of origin, such as proteins, lipids, cell surface receptors, enzymes, cytokines, metabolites, and nucleic acids. A growing body of evidence suggests that in addition to delivering cargos into target cells to facilitate intercellular communication, extracellular vesicles may also play roles in such processes as cell differentiation and proliferation, angiogenesis, stress response, and immune signaling. As these vesicles have natural biocompatibility, stability in circulation, low toxicity, and low immunogenicity, and serve as efficient carriers of molecular cargos, these nanoparticles are ideal therapeutic candidates for regenerative medicine. Exploring and identifying the homeostatic functions of extracellular vesicles may facilitate the development of new regenerative therapies. In this review, we summarize the wound healing process, difficulties in stem cell therapies for regenerative medicine, and the applications of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles in improving and accelerating the wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangesh D Hade
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Caitlin N Suire
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - James Mossell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Zucai Suo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Li M, Fang F, Sun M, Zhang Y, Hu M, Zhang J. Extracellular vesicles as bioactive nanotherapeutics: An emerging paradigm for regenerative medicine. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:4879-4903. [PMID: 35836815 PMCID: PMC9274746 DOI: 10.7150/thno.72812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, extracellular vesicles (EVs), as bioactive cell-secreted nanoparticles which are involved in various physiological and pathological processes including cell proliferation, immune regulation, angiogenesis and tissue repair, have emerged as one of the most attractive nanotherapeutics for regenerative medicine. Herein we provide a systematic review of the latest progress of EVs for regenerative applications. Firstly, we will briefly introduce the biogenesis, function and isolation technology of EVs. Then, the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of the native unmodified EVs and engineering strategies of the modified EVs as regenerative entities will be discussed. Subsequently, the main focus will be placed on the tissue repair and regeneration applications of EVs on various organs including brain, heart, bone and cartilage, liver and kidney, as well as skin. More importantly, current clinical trials of EVs for regenerative medicine will also be briefly highlighted. Finally, the future challenges and insightful perspectives of the currently developed EV-based nanotherapeutics in biomedicine will be discussed. In short, the bioactive EV-based nanotherapeutics have opened new horizons for biologists, chemists, nanoscientists, pharmacists, as well as clinicians, making possible powerful tools and therapies for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Meng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yinfeng Zhang
- International Medical Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, P. R. China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, 510630, P. R. China.,✉ Corresponding authors: E-mail: (J.Z.); E-mail:
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.,✉ Corresponding authors: E-mail: (J.Z.); E-mail:
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125
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Knight R, Board-Davies E, Brown H, Clayton A, Davis T, Karatas B, Burston J, Tabi Z, Falcon-Perez JM, Paisey S, Stephens P. Oral Progenitor Cell Line-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles as a Treatment for Preferential Wound Healing Outcome. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:861-875. [PMID: 35716044 PMCID: PMC9397654 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Scar formation during wound repair can be devastating for affected individuals. Our group previously documented the therapeutic potential of novel progenitor cell populations from the non-scarring buccal mucosa. These Oral Mucosa Lamina Propria-Progenitor Cells (OMLP-PCs) are multipotent, immunosuppressive, and antibacterial. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) may play important roles in stem cell-mediated repair in varied settings; hence, we investigated sEVs from this source for wound repair. We created an hTERT immortalized OMLP-PC line (OMLP-PCL) and confirmed retention of morphology, lineage plasticity, surface markers, and functional properties. sEVs isolated from OMLP-PCL were analyzed by nanoparticle tracking analysis, Cryo-EM and flow cytometry. Compared to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC) sEVs, OMLP-PCL sEVs were more potent at driving wound healing functions, including cell proliferation and wound repopulation and downregulated myofibroblast formation. A reduced scarring potential was further demonstrated in a preclinical in vivo model. Manipulation of OMLP-PCL sEVs may provide novel options for non-scarring wound healing in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Knight
- Regenerative Biology Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK,Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK,PETIC, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Emma Board-Davies
- Regenerative Biology Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK,Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Helen Brown
- Regenerative Biology Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK,Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Aled Clayton
- Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK,Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Terence Davis
- PETIC, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Ben Karatas
- Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK,Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - James Burston
- Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK,Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK,Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Zsuzsanna Tabi
- PETIC, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Juan M Falcon-Perez
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Stephen Paisey
- Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK,PETIC, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Phil Stephens
- Corresponding author: Phil Stephens, Regenerative Biology Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XY, Wales, UK.
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126
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Nebulization Therapy with Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes for COVID-19 Pneumonia. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2152-2163. [PMID: 35665467 PMCID: PMC9166932 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10398-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background
Scientists have been facing numerous challenges in the development of an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia. Several studies have suggested that improving patient immunity and reducing lung injury induced by SARS-CoV-2 may be effective for treating patients with COVID-19. Methods A pilot trial of nebulization therapy with exosomes of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was performed on seven patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Exosomes secreted from MSCs were collected and purified using multiple ultrafiltration steps. All patients were treated with nebulization of MSC-derived exosomes, and primary safety and efficacy outcomes were evaluated. Results Our clinical study demonstrated that nebulization of MSC-derived exosomes is a novel method that might be utilized in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia. Nebulization of MSC-derived exosomes did not induce acute allergic or secondary allergic reactions but did promote the absorption of pulmonary lesions and reduce the duration of hospitalization for mild cases of COVID-19 pneumonia. Conclusions Nebulization of MSC-derived exosomes is a safe, effective, and simple method, and their application at the beginning of treatment may be more beneficial. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000030261. Registered on 26 February 2020. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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127
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Messa GE, Tiongco RP, Lau FH. Treatment of a recurrent ischial ulcer with injected exosomes. J Surg Case Rep 2022; 2022:rjac271. [PMID: 35774473 PMCID: PMC9238301 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjac271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure ulcers (PUs) affect 2.5 million patients per year. Even after successful reconstruction, 50% of PUs recur. Patients with multiply recurrent PUs eventually consume all locoregional donor sites. This underscores the need for novel, less invasive approaches in PU reconstruction. Here, we report the first successful use of mesenchymal stem cell exosomes in PU reconstruction. The patient presented with a right ischial ulcer that persisted despite 9 months of wound care and appropriate antibiotic therapy. After six subcutaneous ExoFlo exosome injections over 8 weeks, the PU was completely healed. Additional studies of this promising technology should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve E Messa
- Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans (LSUHSC-NO) , New Orleans, LA , USA
| | | | - Frank H Lau
- Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans (LSUHSC-NO) , New Orleans, LA , USA
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128
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Hu JC, Zheng CX, Sui BD, Liu WJ, Jin Y. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: A novel and potential remedy for cutaneous wound healing and regeneration. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:318-329. [PMID: 35722196 PMCID: PMC9157601 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i5.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor healing of cutaneous wounds is a common medical problem in the field of traumatology. Due to the intricate pathophysiological processes of wound healing, the use of conventional treatment methods, such as chemical molecule drugs and traditional dressings, have been unable to achieve satisfactory outcomes. Within recent years, explicit evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great therapeutic potentials on skin wound healing and regeneration. However, the direct application of MSCs still faces many challenges and difficulties. Intriguingly, exosomes as cell-secreted granular vesicles with a lipid bilayer membrane structure and containing specific components from the source cells may emerge to be excellent substitutes for MSCs. Exosomes derived from MSCs (MSC-exosomes) have been demonstrated to be beneficial for cutaneous wound healing and accelerate the process through a variety of mechanisms. These mechanisms include alleviating inflammation, promoting vascularization, and promoting proliferation and migration of epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Therefore, the application of MSC-exosomes may be a promising alternative to cell therapy in the treatment of cutaneous wounds and could promote wound healing through multiple mechanisms simultaneously. This review will provide an overview of the role and the mechanisms of MSC-derived exosomes in cutaneous wound healing, and elaborate the potentials and future perspectives of MSC-exosomes application in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Chen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chen-Xi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bing-Dong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wen-Jia Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, Precision Medicine Institute, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
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129
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Extracellular Vesicles in Corneal Fibrosis/Scarring. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115921. [PMID: 35682600 PMCID: PMC9180085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between cells and the microenvironment is a complex, yet crucial, element in the development and progression of varied physiological and pathological processes. Accumulating evidence in different disease models highlights roles of extracellular vesicles (EVs), either in modulating cell signaling paracrine mechanism(s) or harnessing their therapeutic moiety. Of interest, the human cornea functions as a refractive and transparent barrier that protects the intraocular elements from the external environment. Corneal trauma at the ocular surface may lead to diminished corneal clarity and detrimental effects on visual acuity. The aberrant activation of corneal stromal cells, which leads to myofibroblast differentiation and a disorganized extracellular matrix is a central biological process that may result in corneal fibrosis/scarring. In recent years, understanding the pathological and therapeutic EV mechanism(s) of action in the context of corneal biology has been a topic of increasing interest. In this review, we describe the clinical relevance of corneal fibrosis/scarring and how corneal stromal cells contribute to wound repair and their generation of the stromal haze. Furthermore, we will delve into EV characterization, their subtypes, and the pathological and therapeutic roles they play in corneal scarring/fibrosis.
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130
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Xie Y, Guan Q, Guo J, Chen Y, Yin Y, Han X. Hydrogels for Exosome Delivery in Biomedical Applications. Gels 2022; 8:gels8060328. [PMID: 35735672 PMCID: PMC9223116 DOI: 10.3390/gels8060328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels, which are hydrophilic polymer networks, have attracted great attention, and significant advances in their biological and biomedical applications, such as for drug delivery, tissue engineering, and models for medical studies, have been made. Due to their similarity in physiological structure, hydrogels are highly compatible with extracellular matrices and biological tissues and can be used as both carriers and matrices to encapsulate cellular secretions. As small extracellular vesicles secreted by nearly all mammalian cells to mediate cell–cell interactions, exosomes play very important roles in therapeutic approaches and disease diagnosis. To maintain their biological activity and achieve controlled release, a strategy that embeds exosomes in hydrogels as a composite system has been focused on in recent studies. Therefore, this review aims to provide a thorough overview of the use of composite hydrogels for embedding exosomes in medical applications, including the resources for making hydrogels and the properties of hydrogels, and strategies for their combination with exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.X.); (J.G.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Qiuyue Guan
- Department of Geriatrics, People’s Hospital of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Jiusi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.X.); (J.G.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yilin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.X.); (J.G.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yijia Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.X.); (J.G.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Xianglong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.X.); (J.G.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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131
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Zargar MJ, Kaviani S, Vasei M, Soufi Zomorrod M, Heidari Keshel S, Soleimani M. Therapeutic role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in respiratory disease. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:194. [PMID: 35550188 PMCID: PMC9096764 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02866-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles found in various tissues, blood circulation, and tissue fluids, secreted into the extracellular environment by fusing a multivesicular body with a plasma membrane. Various cell types release these vesicles to contribute to many cellular functions, including intercellular communication, cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, response to stress, and immune system signaling. These natural nanoparticles have therapeutic effects in various diseases and exhibit a behavior similar to the cell from which they originated. In the meantime, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells have attracted the attention of many researchers and physicians due to their unique ability to modulate the immune system, repair tissue and reduce inflammation. Numerous clinical and preclinical studies have examined the effect of MSC-derived exosomes in various diseases, and their results have been published in prestigious journals. This review article discusses the biogenesis and sources of exosomes, MSC-derived exosomes, the use of these exosomes in regenerative medicine, and treatments based on exosomes derived from stem cells in respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Jahedi Zargar
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Kaviani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Vasei
- Cell Therapy Based Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Soufi Zomorrod
- Applied Cell Science and Hematology Department, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Heidari Keshel
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Applied Cell Science and Hematology Department, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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132
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Qian H, Shan Y, Gong R, Lin D, Zhang M, Wang C, Wang L. Fibroblasts in Scar Formation: Biology and Clinical Translation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4586569. [PMID: 35602101 PMCID: PMC9119755 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4586569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Scarring, which develops due to fibroblast activation and excessive extracellular matrix deposition, can cause physical, psychological, and cosmetic problems. Fibroblasts are the main type of connective tissue cells and play important roles in wound healing. However, the underlying mechanisms of fibroblast in reaching scarless wound healing require more exploration. Herein, we systematically reviewed how fibroblasts behave in response to skin injuries, as well as their functions in regeneration and scar formation. Several biocompatible materials, including hydrogels and nanoparticles, were also suggested. Moreover, factors that concern transformation from fibroblasts into cancer-associated fibroblasts are mentioned due to a tight association between scar formation and primary skin cancers. These findings will help us better understand skin fibrotic pathogenesis, as well as provide potential targets for scarless wound healing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Qian
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihan Shan
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Danfeng Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengwen Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Starbody plastic surgery Clinic, Hangzhou, China
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133
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Small extracellular vesicle-mediated miR-320e transmission promotes osteogenesis in OPLL by targeting TAK1. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2467. [PMID: 35513391 PMCID: PMC9072352 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is an emerging spinal disease caused by heterotopic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. The pathological mechanism is poorly understood, which hinders the development of nonsurgical treatments. Here, we set out to explore the function and mechanism of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in OPLL. Global miRNA sequencings are performed on sEVs derived from ligament cells of normal and OPLL patients, and we have showed that miR-320e is abundantly expressed in OPLL-derived sEVs compare to other sEVs. Treatment with either sEVs or miR-320e significantly promote the osteoblastic differentiation of normal longitudinal ligament cells and mesenchymal stem cells and inhibit the osteoclastic differentiation of monocytes. Through a mechanistic study, we find that TAK1 is a downstream target of miR-320e, and we further validate these findings in vivo using OPLL model mice. Together, our data demonstrate that OPLL ligament cells secrete ossification-promoting sEVs that contribute to the development of ossification through the miR-320e/TAK1 axis. The pathological mechanisms that lead to Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) are unclear. Here, the authors show that OPLL ligament cells produce small extracellular vesicles that induce ossification via miR-320e/TAK1 signaling in mice and human posterior longitudinal ligament cells.
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Hu L, Wang J, Lin D, Shen Y, Huang H, Cao Y, Li Y, Li K, Yu Y, Yu Y, Chu C, Qin L, Wang X, Zhang H, Fulton D, Chen F. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Nanovesicles as a Credible Agent for Therapy of Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:61-75. [PMID: 35507777 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0415oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been evaluated in many studies as promising therapeutic agents for pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, low yields and heterogeneity are a major barrier in the translational utility of EVs for clinical studies. To address these limitations, we fabricated MSCs derived nanovesicles (MSC-NVs) by serial extrusion through filters resulting in MSC-NVs with characteristics similar to conventional EVs but with much higher production yields. Herein, we examined the therapeutic efficacy of MSC-NVs in preclinical models of PH in vitro and in vivo. Intervention with MSC-NVs improved the core pathologies of monocrotaline (MCT) induced PH in rat. Intravenous administration of MSC-NVs resulted in significant uptake within hypertensive lungs, pulmonary artery lesions and especially in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). In vitro, MSC-NVs inhibited PDGF-induced proliferation, migration, and phenotype switch of PASMCs. miRNA sequencing analysis of the genetic cargo of MSC-NVs revealed that miR-125b-5p and miR-100-5p are highly abundant, suggesting they might account for the therapeutic effects of MSC-NVs in PH. Depletion of miR-125b-5p and miR-100-5p in MSCs almost completely abolished the beneficial effects of MSC-NVs in protecting PASMCs from PDGF stimulated changes in vitro, and also diminished the protective effects of MSC-NVs in MCT induced PH in vivo. These data highlight the efficacy and advantages of MSC-NVs over MSC-EVs as a promising therapeutic strategy against PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hu
- Nanjing Medical University, 12461, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Nanjing Medical University, 12461, Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Donghai Lin
- Nanjing Medical University, 12461, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueyao Shen
- Nanjing Medical University, 12461, Nanjing, China
| | - Huijie Huang
- Nanjing Medical University, 12461, Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Nanjing Medical University, 12461, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Nanjing Medical University, 12461, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Li
- Nanjing Medical University, 12461, Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfang Yu
- Nanjing Medical University, 12461, Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Youjia Yu
- Nanjing Medical University, 12461, Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyan Chu
- Nanjing Medical University, 12461, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianju Qin
- Nanjing Medical University, 12461, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular disease, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy Medical Science, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | | | - David Fulton
- Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Vascular Biology Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Feng Chen
- Nanjing Medical University, 12461, Nanjing, China;
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Sanghani A, Andriesei P, Kafetzis KN, Tagalakis AD, Yu‐Wai‐Man C. Advances in exosome therapies in ophthalmology-From bench to clinical trial. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:243-252. [PMID: 34114746 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, the fields of advanced and personalized therapeutics have been constantly evolving, utilizing novel techniques such as gene editing and RNA therapeutic approaches. However, the method of delivery and tissue specificity remain the main hurdles of these approaches. Exosomes are natural carriers of functional small RNAs and proteins, representing an area of increasing interest in the field of drug delivery. It has been demonstrated that the exosome cargo, especially miRNAs, is at least partially responsible for the therapeutic effects of exosomes. Exosomes deliver their luminal content to the recipient cells and can be used as vesicles for the therapeutic delivery of RNAs and proteins. Synthetic therapeutic drugs can also be encapsulated into exosomes as they have a hydrophilic core, which makes them suitable to carry water-soluble drugs. In addition, engineered exosomes can display a variety of surface molecules, such as peptides, to target specific cells in tissues. The exosome properties present an added advantage to the targeted delivery of therapeutics, leading to increased efficacy and minimizing the adverse side effects. Furthermore, exosomes are natural nanoparticles found in all cell types and as a result, they do not elicit an immune response when administered. Exosomes have also demonstrated decreased long-term accumulation in tissues and organs and thus carry a low risk of systemic toxicity. This review aims to discuss all the advances in exosome therapies in ophthalmology and to give insight into the challenges that would need to be overcome before exosome therapies can be translated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amisha Sanghani
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London London UK
- Department of Ophthalmology St Thomas’ Hospital London UK
| | - Petru Andriesei
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London London UK
- Department of Ophthalmology St Thomas’ Hospital London UK
| | | | | | - Cynthia Yu‐Wai‐Man
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London London UK
- Department of Ophthalmology St Thomas’ Hospital London UK
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A time to heal: microRNA and circadian dynamics in cutaneous wound repair. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:579-597. [PMID: 35445708 PMCID: PMC9069467 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many biological systems have evolved circadian rhythms based on the daily cycles of daylight and darkness on Earth. Such rhythms are synchronised or entrained to 24-h cycles, predominantly by light, and disruption of the normal circadian rhythms has been linked to elevation of multiple health risks. The skin serves as a protective barrier to prevent microbial infection and maintain homoeostasis of the underlying tissue and the whole organism. However, in chronic non-healing wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), pressure sores, venous and arterial ulcers, a variety of factors conspire to prevent wound repair. On the other hand, keloids and hypertrophic scars arise from overactive repair mechanisms that fail to cease in a timely fashion, leading to excessive production of extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as such as collagen. Recent years have seen huge increases in our understanding of the functions of microRNAs (miRNAs) in wound repair. Concomitantly, there has been growing recognition of miRNA roles in circadian processes, either as regulators or targets of clock activity or direct responders to external circadian stimuli. In addition, miRNAs are now known to function as intercellular signalling mediators through extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this review, we explore the intersection of mechanisms by which circadian and miRNA responses interact with each other in relation to wound repair in the skin, using keratinocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts as exemplars. We highlight areas for further investigation to support the development of translational insights to support circadian medicine in the context of these cells.
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137
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Pro-angiognetic and pro-osteogenic effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-21-5p in osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:226. [PMID: 35468879 PMCID: PMC9039080 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00971-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes (Exos) enhanced new bone formation, coupled with positive effects on osteogenesis and angiogenesis. This study aims to define the role of microRNA (miR)-21-5p delivered by human umbilical MSC-derived Exos (hucMSC-Exos) in the osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). We first validated that miR-21-5p expression was downregulated in the cartilage tissues of ONFH patients. Besides, hucMSCs delivered miR-21-5p to hFOB1.19 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) through the secreted Exos. Loss- and gain-of-function approaches were performed to clarify the effects of Exo-miR-21-5p, SOX5, and EZH2 on HUVEC angiogenesis and hFOB1.19 cell osteogenesis. It was established that Exo-miR-21-5p augments HUVEC angiogenesis and hFOB1.19 cell osteogenesis in vitro, as reflected by elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition, and increased the expression of osteogenesis-related markers OCN, Runx2 and Collagen I. Mechanistically, miR-21-5p targeted SOX5 and negatively regulated its expression, while SOX5 subsequently promoted the transcription of EZH2. Ectopically expressed SOX5 or EZH2 could counterweigh the effect of Exo-miR-21-5p. Further, hucMSC-Exos containing miR-21-5p repressed the expression of SOX5 and EZH2 and augmented angiogenesis and osteogenesis in vivo. Altogether, our study uncovered the role of miR-21-5p shuttled by hucMSC-Exos, in promoting angiogenesis and osteogenesis, which may be a potential therapeutic target for ONFH.
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138
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Ma S, Hu H, Wu J, Li X, Ma X, Zhao Z, Liu Z, Wu C, Zhao B, Wang Y, Jing W. Functional extracellular matrix hydrogel modified with MSC-derived small extracellular vesicles for chronic wound healing. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13196. [PMID: 35156747 PMCID: PMC9055911 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetic wound healing remains a global challenge in the clinic and in research. However, the current medical dressings are difficult to meet the demands. The primary goal of this study was to fabricate a functional hydrogel wound dressing that can provide an appropriate microenvironment and supplementation with growth factors to promote skin regeneration and functional restoration in diabetic wounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) were bound to the porcine small intestinal submucosa-based hydrogel material through peptides (SC-Ps-sEVs) to increase the content and achieve a sustained release. NIH3T3 cell was used to evaluate the biocompatibility and the promoting proliferation, migration and adhesion abilities of the SC-Ps-sEVs. EA.hy926 cell was used to evaluate the stimulating angiogenesis of SC-Ps-sEVs. The diabetic wound model was used to investigate the function/role of SC-Ps-sEVs hydrogel in promoting wound healing. RESULTS A functional hydrogel wound dressing with good mechanical properties, excellent biocompatibility and superior stimulating angiogenesis capacity was designed and facilely fabricated, which could effectively enable full-thickness skin wounds healing in diabetic rat model. CONCLUSIONS This work led to the development of SIS, which shows an unprecedented combination of mechanical, biological and wound healing properties. This functional hydrogel wound dressing may find broad utility in the field of regenerative medicine and may be similarly useful in the treatment of wounds in epithelial tissues, such as the intestine, lung and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Ma
- Department of StomatologyThe Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityHexi DistrictTianjinChina
| | - Han Hu
- School and Hospital of StomatologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jinzhe Wu
- School and Hospital of StomatologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xuewen Li
- School and Hospital of StomatologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xinying Ma
- School and Hospital of StomatologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Zhezhe Zhao
- School and Hospital of StomatologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Zihao Liu
- School and Hospital of StomatologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Chenxuan Wu
- School and Hospital of StomatologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Bo Zhao
- Beijing Biosis Healing Biological Technology Co., Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Yonglan Wang
- School and Hospital of StomatologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Wei Jing
- Beijing Biosis Healing Biological Technology Co., Ltd.BeijingChina
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139
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Xie J, Wu W, Zheng L, Lin X, Tai Y, Wang Y, Wang L. Roles of MicroRNA-21 in Skin Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:828627. [PMID: 35295323 PMCID: PMC8919367 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.828627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-21 (miR-21), one of the early mammalian miRNAs identified, has been detected to be upregulated in multiple biological processes. Increasing evidence has demonstrated the potential values of miR-21 in cutaneous damage and skin wound healing, but lack of a review article to summarize the current evidence on this issue. Based on this review, relevant studies demonstrated that miR-21 played an essential role in wound healing by constituting a complex network with its targeted genes (i.e., PTEN, RECK. SPRY1/2, NF-κB, and TIMP3) and the cascaded signaling pathways (i.e., MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin/MMP-7, and TGF-β/Smad7-Smad2/3). The treatment effectiveness developed by miR-21 might be associated with the promotion of the fibroblast differentiation, the improvement of angiogenesis, anti-inflammatory, enhancement of the collagen synthesis, and the re-epithelialization of the wound. Currently, miRNA nanocarrier systems have been developed, supporting the feasibility clinical feasibility of such miR-21-based therapy. After further investigations, miR-21 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Weizhou Wu
- Department of Urology, Maoming People's Hospital, Guangdong, China
| | - Liying Zheng
- Postgraduate Pepartment, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xuesong Lin
- Department of Burn Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Yuncheng Tai
- Department of Burn Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
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Xu C, Hou L, Zhao J, Wang Y, Jiang F, Jiang Q, Zhu Z, Tian L. Exosomal let-7i-5p from three-dimensional cultured human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells inhibits fibroblast activation in silicosis through targeting TGFBR1. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 233:113302. [PMID: 35189518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silicosis of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is related to long-term excessive inhalation of silica. The activation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts is the main terminal effect leading to lung fibrosis, which is of great significance to the study of the occurrence and development of silicosis fibrosis and its prevention and treatment. Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSC-Exos) are considered to be a potential therapy of silica-induced PF, however, their exact mechanism remains unknown. Therefore, this study aims to explore whether hucMSC-Exos affect the activation of fibroblasts to alleviate PF. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) method was applied to culture hucMSCs and MRC-5 cells (human embryonic lung fibroblasts), and exosomes were isolated from serum-free media, identified by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Western blotting analysis. Then, the study used an animal model of silica-induced PF to observe the effects of hucMSC-Exos and MRC-5-Exos on activation of fibroblasts. In addition, the activation of fibroblasts was analyzed by Western blotting analysis, wound healing, and migration assay with the treatment of hucMSC-Exos and MRC-5-Exos in NIH-3T3 cells (mouse embryonic fibroblasts). Furthermore, differential expression of microRNAs (DE miRNAs) was measured between hucMSCs-Exos and MRC-5-Exos by high throughput sequence. HucMSC-Exos inhibited the activation of fibroblasts in mice and NIH-3T3 cells. Let-7i-5p was significantly up-regulated in hucMSCs-Exos compared to MRC-5-Exos, which was related to silica-induced PF. Let-7i-5p of hucMSCs-Exos was responsible for the activation of fibroblasts by targeting TGFBR1. Meanwhile, Smad3 was also an important role in the activation of fibroblasts. The study demonstrates that hucMSCs-Exos act as a mediator that transfers let-7i-5p to inhibit the activation of fibroblasts, which alleviates PF through the TGFBR1/Smad3 signaling pathway. The mechanism has potential value for the treatment of silica-induced PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjie Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Laboratory of Pharmacology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lin Hou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Fuyang Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qiyue Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Norouzi-Barough L, Shirian S, Gorji A, Sadeghi M. Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as a cell-free therapy approach for the treatment of skin, bone, and cartilage defects. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:83-96. [PMID: 33563070 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2021.1887855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to collect the articles concerning mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes for regeneration of bone, cartilage and skin defects. METHOD Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched for keywords "Exosome, MSC, Skin, Bone and Cartilage defects, Regenerative medicine, and extracellular vesicles. RESULTS MSC-derived exosomes can emulate the biological activity of MSCs by horizontal transfer of multiple functional molecules including mRNAs, miRNAs, proteins, and lipids to the local microenvironment and recipient cells, and subsequently mediate restoring homeostasis and tissue regeneration through various mechanisms. Compared to MSCs, MSC-derived exosomes reveal many advantages such as non-immunogenicity, easy access, easy preservation, and extreme stability under various conditions. CONCLUSION Hence, exosomes could be considered as an alternative strategy for cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine. In this paper, after describing the characteristics of exosomes, we will review the recent literature on the therapeutic potentials of MSC-derived exosomes in skin, bone, and cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Norouzi-Barough
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sadegh Shirian
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.,Shiraz Molecular Pathology Research Center, Dr Daneshbod Pathol Lab, Shiraz, Iran.,Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Gorji
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.,Epilepsy Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universitat Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Mohammadreza Sadeghi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine Faculty Advance Medicine of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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142
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Yu J, Tang R, Ding K. Epigenetic Modifications in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:3155-3166. [PMID: 35342304 PMCID: PMC8942200 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s356877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis is a rare chronic autoimmune disease, which mainly manifests as immune disorders, vascular damage, and progressive fibrosis. The etiology of SSc is complex and involves multiple factors. Both genetic and environmental factors are involved in its pathogenesis. As one of the molecular mechanisms of environmental factors, epigenetic regulation plays an important role in the occurrence and development of systemic sclerosis, which involves DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNA regulation. This review summarizes research advances in epigenetics, including exosomes, lncRNA, and mentions possible biomarkers and therapeutic targets among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangfan Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Ding
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ke Ding, Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China, Email
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143
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Exosomes and Other Extracellular Vesicles with High Therapeutic Potential: Their Applications in Oncology, Neurology, and Dermatology. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041303. [PMID: 35209095 PMCID: PMC8879284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Until thirty years ago, it was believed that extracellular vesicles (EVs) were used to remove unnecessary compounds from the cell. Today, we know about their enormous potential in diagnosing and treating various diseases. EVs are essential mediators of intercellular communication, enabling the functional transfer of bioactive molecules from one cell to another. Compared to laboratory-created drug nanocarriers, they are stable in physiological conditions. Furthermore, they are less immunogenic and cytotoxic compared to polymerized vectors. Finally, EVs can transfer cargo to particular cells due to their membrane proteins and lipids, which can implement them to specific receptors in the target cells. Recently, new strategies to produce ad hoc exosomes have been devised. Cells delivering exosomes have been genetically engineered to overexpress particular macromolecules, or transformed to release exosomes with appropriate targeting molecules. In this way, we can say tailor-made therapeutic EVs are created. Nevertheless, there are significant difficulties to solve during the application of EVs as drug-delivery agents in the clinic. This review explores the diversity of EVs and the potential therapeutic options for exosomes as natural drug-delivery vehicles in oncology, neurology, and dermatology. It also reflects future challenges in clinical translation.
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144
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Diomede F, Fonticoli L, Marconi GD, Della Rocca Y, Rajan TS, Trubiani O, Murmura G, Pizzicannella J. Decellularized Dental Pulp, Extracellular Vesicles, and 5-Azacytidine: A New Tool for Endodontic Regeneration. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020403. [PMID: 35203612 PMCID: PMC8962372 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp is a major component of the dental body that serves to maintain the tooth life and function. The aim of the present work was to develop a system that functions as a growth-permissive microenvironment for dental pulp regeneration using a decellularized dental pulp (DDP) matrix, 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza), and Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) derived from human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSCs). Human dental pulps extracted from healthy teeth, scheduled to be removed for orthodontic purpose, were decellularized and then recellularized with hDPSCs. The hDPSCs were seeded on DDP and maintained under different culture conditions: basal medium (CTRL), EVs, 5-Aza, and EVs+-5-Aza. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analyses were performed to evaluate the proteins’ expression related to dentinogenesis, such as ALP, RUNX2, COL1A1, Vinculin, DMP1, and DSPP. Protein contents found in the DDP recellularized with hDPSCs were highly expressed in samples co-treated with EVs and 5-Aza compared to other culture conditions. This study developed a DDP matrix loaded by hDPSCs in co-treatment with EVs, which might enhance the dentinogenic differentiation with a high potentiality for endodontic regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Diomede
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.); (L.F.); (Y.D.R.)
| | - Luigia Fonticoli
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.); (L.F.); (Y.D.R.)
| | - Guya Diletta Marconi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Ylenia Della Rocca
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.); (L.F.); (Y.D.R.)
| | | | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.); (L.F.); (Y.D.R.)
- Correspondence: (O.T.); (G.M.)
| | - Giovanna Murmura
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.); (L.F.); (Y.D.R.)
- Correspondence: (O.T.); (G.M.)
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Bozkurt AS, Kaplan DS, Çeribaşi AO, Orkmez M, Çanak A, Tarakçioğlu M. An Investigation of The Effect of Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts on Wound Healing in an Experimental Diabetic Mouse Model. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20201562. [PMID: 35107516 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120201562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of Extracellular Vesicles (EV) secreted from mouse embryonic fibroblasts EV on wound healing of full-thickness skin defect in a diabetic mouse model. The study included both in vitro and in vivo experimental studies 82 mice. In the in vitro stage of the experimental study, hysterectomy was performed on two mice between the 13-14th days of pregnancy and then EV was isolated by cell culturing. VEGF, IL-6, and TNF-α biomarkers were examined in tissue homogenate. Moreover, tissue taken from wound area was also subjected to histopathologic scoring. EV augmented the effect of VEGF. Therefore promoted angiogenesis increases the transport of cells, essential oxygen and nutrients in the wound area. Extracellular vesicles isolated from mouse embryonic fibroblasts have been found to accelerate wound healing in diabetes. The findings obtained from this experimental study indicate that EV isolated from mouse embryonic fibroblasts accelerate the wound healing process in experimentally induced-diabetes in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet S Bozkurt
- University of Gaziantep, Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Health Sciences Institution, 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Davut S Kaplan
- University of Gaziantep, Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Health Sciences Institution, 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ali O Çeribaşi
- University of Fırat, De partment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, 23119, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Orkmez
- University of Gaziantep, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Health Sciences Institution, 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Asuman Çanak
- University of Gaziantep, Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Health Sciences Institution, 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tarakçioğlu
- University of Gaziantep, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Health Sciences Institution, 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Ramos T, Parekh M, Kaye SB, Ahmad S. Epithelial Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Trigger the Differentiation of Two Epithelial Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031718. [PMID: 35163646 PMCID: PMC8836104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), specifically exosomes, carry a cell-type dependent cargo that is transported to the recipient cell and translated in the presence of a required machinery. Differences in the cargo carried by the corneal and conjunctival-derived EVs could be the agent that triggers the transdifferentiation of these two cell populations. Therefore, this study investigates the role of EVs in triggering the plasticity of corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells and identifies prospective miRNA and genes responsible for maintaining ocular surface homeostasis. The EVs were extracted from the conditioned media (after starving) of corneal epithelial (hTCEpi) and conjunctival (HCjE-Gi) cell lines using ultracentrifugation. HCjE-Gi cells were cultured with hTCEpi-derived EVs and vice-versa. The EVs were characterized as exosomes using Nanosight and Flow cytometry. KRT3 and KRT12 were used as associated corneal markers, whereas KRT7 and KRT13 were used as associated conjunctival markers with ΔNp63 as a differentiation marker. Shift of these markers was an indication of transdifferentiation. The cargo of the extracted exosomes from both the cell types was explored using next-generation sequencing. The hTCEpi-derived EVs induced conjunctival epithelial cells to express the corneal-associated markers KRT3 and KRT12, losing their conjunctival phenotype at both the mRNA and protein level. Simultaneously, HCjE-Gi-derived EVs induced corneal epithelial cells to express the conjunctival associated markers KRT7 and KRT13, losing their corneal phenotype. This process of differentiation was accompanied by an intermediate step of cell de-differentiation showed by up-regulation in the expression of epithelial stem cell marker ΔNp63, also shown on the ex vivo human cadaveric donor corneas. miRNA molecules (total of 11 including precursor and mature) with significant differences in their relative abundance between the two populations (p < 0.05) were found and investigated. miR-9-5p expression was higher in HCjE-Gi cells and HCjE-Gi-derived EVs when compared to hTCEpi cells and hTCEPi-derived EVs (p < 0.001). The results suggest that EVs released by the two cell types have the ability to influence the transdifferentiation of human conjunctival and corneal epithelial cells. miR-9-5p could have a role in stem cell homeostasis and cell differentiation via HES-1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Ramos
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (T.R.); (S.B.K.)
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK;
| | - Mohit Parekh
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK;
| | - Stephen B. Kaye
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (T.R.); (S.B.K.)
- St Paul’s Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (T.R.); (S.B.K.)
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK;
- St Paul’s Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-7834-853610
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Clark KC, Wang D, Kumar P, Mor S, Kulubya E, Lazar S, Wang A. The Molecular Mechanisms Through Which Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote Myelin Regeneration. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2101099. [PMID: 35023637 PMCID: PMC9225676 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating degenerative disease characterized by an immunological attack on the myelin sheath leading to demyelination and axon degeneration. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become attractive targets as therapies to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as MS due to their potent immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. The placenta is a unique source of MSCs (PMSCs), demonstrates "fetomaternal" tolerance during pregnancy, and serves as a novel source of MSCs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. PMSCs and PMSC-EVs have been shown to promote remyelination in animal models of MS, however, the molecular mechanisms by which modulation of autoimmunity and promotion of myelination occurs have not been well elucidated. The current review will address the molecular mechanisms by which PMSC-EVs can promote remyelination in MS.
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148
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Dai S, Wen Y, Luo P, Ma L, Liu Y, Ai J, Shi C. Therapeutic implications of exosomes in the treatment of radiation injury. BURNS & TRAUMA 2022; 10:tkab043. [PMID: 35071650 PMCID: PMC8778593 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the main cancer treatments, but it may damage normal tissue and cause various side effects. At present, radioprotective agents used in clinics have side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and hypotension, which limit their clinical application. It has been found that exosomes play an indispensable role in radiation injury. Exosomes are lipid bilayer vesicles that carry various bioactive substances, such as proteins, lipids and microRNA (miRNA), that play a key role in cell-to-cell communication and affect tissue injury and repair. In addition, studies have shown that radiation can increase the uptake of exosomes in cells and affect the composition and secretion of exosomes. Here, we review the existing studies and discuss the effects of radiation on exosomes and the role of exosomes in radiation injury, aiming to provide new insights for the treatment of radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Dai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Digestive Surgery, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yuzhong Wen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Digestive Surgery, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Le Ma
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yunsheng Liu
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Junhua Ai
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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149
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Bian D, Wu Y, Song G, Azizi R, Zamani A. The application of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their derivative exosome in skin wound healing: a comprehensive review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:24. [PMID: 35073970 PMCID: PMC8785459 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02697-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and also their exosome has become a game-changing tool in the context of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. MSCs due to their competencies to establish skin cells, such as fibroblast and keratinocyte, and also their unique attribute to suppress inflammation in wound site has attracted increasing attention among scholars. In addition, MSC's other capabilities to induce angiogenesis as a result of secretion of pro-angiogenic factors accompanied with marked anti-fibrotic activities, which mainly mediated by the releases matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs), make them a rational and effective strategy to accelerate wound healing with a small scar. Since the chief healing properties of the MSCs depend on their paracrine effects, it appears that MSCs-derived exosomes also can be an alternative option to support wound healing and skin regeneration as an innovative cell-free approach. Such exosomes convey functional cargos (e.g., growth factor, cytokine, miRNA, etc.) from MSCs to target cells, thereby affecting the recipient skin cells' biological events, such as migration, proliferation, and also secretion of ECM components (e.g., collagen). The main superiorities of exosome therapy over parental MSCs are the diminished risk of tumor formation and also lower immunogenicity. Herein, we deliver an overview of recent in vivo reports rendering the therapeutic benefits of the MSCs-based therapies to ease skin wound healing, and so improving quality of life among patients suffering from such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Bian
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, 960 Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army, Jinan, 250031 China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250013 China
| | - Guodong Song
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250013 China
| | - Ramyar Azizi
- Department of Immunology, Medicine Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Zamani
- Shiraz Transplant Center, Abu Ali Sina Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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150
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Izadi M, Dehghan Marvast L, Rezvani ME, Zohrabi M, Aliabadi A, Mousavi SA, Aflatoonian B. Mesenchymal Stem-Cell Derived Exosome Therapy as a Potential Future Approach for Treatment of Male Infertility Caused by Chlamydia Infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:785622. [PMID: 35095800 PMCID: PMC8792933 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.785622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Some microbial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have adverse effects on the reproductive tract, sperm function, and male fertility. Given that STIs are often asymptomatic and cause major complications such as urogenital inflammation, fibrosis, and scarring, optimal treatments should be performed to prevent the noxious effect of STIs on male fertility. Among STIs, Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common asymptomatic preventable bacterial STI. C. trachomatis can affect both sperm and the male reproductive tract. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived exosomes have been considered as a new therapeutic medicine due to their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and regenerative effects without consequences through the stem cell transplantation based therapies. Inflammation of the genital tract and sperm dysfunction are the consequences of the microbial infections, especially Chlamydia trachomatis. Exosome therapy as a noninvasive approach has shown promising results on the ability to regenerate the damaged sperm and treating asthenozoospermia. Recent experimental methods may be helpful in the novel treatments of male infertility. Thus, it is demonstrated that exosomes play an important role in preventing the consequences of infection, and thereby preventing inflammation, reducing cell damage, inhibiting fibrogenesis, and reducing scar formation. This review aimed to overview the studies about the potential therapeutic roles of MSCs-derived exosomes on sperm abnormalities and male infertility caused by STIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Izadi
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Laleh Dehghan Marvast
- Andrology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ebrahim Rezvani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Marzieh Zohrabi
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Aliabadi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Mousavi
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Behrouz Aflatoonian
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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