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Assessment of the contents of essential and potentially toxic elements in Pistacia terebinthus L. and Pistacia lentiscus L. by INAA technique. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06815-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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102
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Tastanova A, Folcher M, Müller M, Camenisch G, Ponti A, Horn T, Tikhomirova MS, Fussenegger M. Synthetic biology-based cellular biomedical tattoo for detection of hypercalcemia associated with cancer. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/437/eaap8562. [PMID: 29669854 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aap8562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis marks the beginning of any successful therapy. Because many medical conditions progress asymptomatically over extended periods of time, their timely diagnosis remains difficult, and this adversely affects patient prognosis. Focusing on hypercalcemia associated with cancer, we aimed to develop a synthetic biology-inspired biomedical tattoo using engineered cells that would (i) monitor long-term blood calcium concentration, (ii) detect onset of mild hypercalcemia, and (iii) respond via subcutaneous accumulation of the black pigment melanin to form a visible tattoo. For this purpose, we designed cells containing an ectopically expressed calcium-sensing receptor rewired to a synthetic signaling cascade that activates expression of transgenic tyrosinase, which produces melanin in response to persistently increased blood Ca2+ We confirmed that the melanin-generated color change produced by this biomedical tattoo could be detected with the naked eye and optically quantified. The system was validated in wild-type mice bearing subcutaneously implanted encapsulated engineered cells. All animals inoculated with hypercalcemic breast and colon adenocarcinoma cells developed tattoos, whereas no tattoos were seen in animals inoculated with normocalcemic tumor cells. All tumor-bearing animals remained asymptomatic throughout the 38-day experimental period. Although hypercalcemia is also associated with other pathologies, our findings demonstrate that it is possible to detect hypercalcemia associated with cancer in murine models using this cell-based diagnostic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhan Tastanova
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Folcher
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marius Müller
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gieri Camenisch
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aaron Ponti
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Horn
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria S Tikhomirova
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Fussenegger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland. .,Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
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Mazumdar P, Pratama H, Lau SE, Teo CH, Harikrishna JA. Biology, phytochemical profile and prospects for snake fruit: An antioxidant-rich fruit of South East Asia. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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104
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Alothman M, Hogan SA, Hennessy D, Dillon P, Kilcawley KN, O'Donovan M, Tobin J, Fenelon MA, O'Callaghan TF. The "Grass-Fed" Milk Story: Understanding the Impact of Pasture Feeding on the Composition and Quality of Bovine Milk. Foods 2019; 8:E350. [PMID: 31426489 PMCID: PMC6723057 DOI: 10.3390/foods8080350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk is a highly nutritious food that contains an array of macro and micro components, scientifically proven to be beneficial to human health. While the composition of milk is influenced by a variety of factors, such as genetics, health, lactation stage etc., the animal's diet remains a key mechanism by which its nutrition and processing characteristics can be altered. Pasture feeding has been demonstrated to have a positive impact on the nutrient profile of milk, increasing the content of some beneficial nutrients such as Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vaccenic acid, and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), while reducing the levels of Omega-6 fatty acids and palmitic acid. These resultant alterations to the nutritional profile of "Grass-Fed" milk resonate with consumers that desire healthy, "natural", and sustainable dairy products. This review provides a comprehensive comparison of the impact that pasture and non-pasture feeding systems have on bovine milk composition from a nutritional and functional (processability) perspective, highlighting factors that will be of interest to dairy farmers, processors, and consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alothman
- Department of Food Chemistry & Technology, Teagasc Food Research Center, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Sean A Hogan
- Department of Food Chemistry & Technology, Teagasc Food Research Center, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Deirdre Hennessy
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Pat Dillon
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Kieran N Kilcawley
- Department of Food Quality & Sensory Science, Teagasc Food Research Center, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael O'Donovan
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - John Tobin
- Department of Food Chemistry & Technology, Teagasc Food Research Center, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Mark A Fenelon
- Department of Food Chemistry & Technology, Teagasc Food Research Center, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Tom F O'Callaghan
- Department of Food Chemistry & Technology, Teagasc Food Research Center, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland.
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Ozyigit II, Uras ME, Yalcin IE, Severoglu Z, Demir G, Borkoev B, Salieva K, Yucel S, Erturk U, Solak AO. Heavy Metal Levels and Mineral Nutrient Status of Natural Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Populations in Kyrgyzstan: Nutritional Values of Kernels. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 189:277-290. [PMID: 30146669 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, mineral nutrient and heavy metal (Al, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, and Zn) contents of the walnut kernels and their co-located soil samples collected from the four different zones of natural walnut forests (Sary-Chelek, Arslanbap, and Kara-Alma in Jalal-Abad Region and Kara-Shoro in Osh Region) in Kyrgyzstan were investigated. The highest concentrations for all elements determined in the soil samples were observed in the Sary-Chelek zone whereas the Arslanbap zone was found to be having the lowest concentrations except Fe and Zn. The highest concentrations in the kernels of walnut samples were found to be in the Sary-Chelek zone for Ca, Fe, K, Mg, and Zn; in the Kara-Shoro zone for Cu; in the Arslanbap zone for Mn; and in the Kara-Alma zone for Na whereas the lowest concentrations were found to be in the Arslanbap zone for Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, and Zn and in the Sary-Chelek zone for Cu and Mn, respectively. Also, the levels of Al, Cd, Ni, and Pb in kernel samples could not be detected by ICP-OES because their levels were lower than the threshold detection point (10 μg.kg-1). Additionally, our data indicated that the walnut kernels from Kyrgyzstan have higher values for RDA (recommended daily allowances) in comparison with the walnut kernels from other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Ilker Ozyigit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Marmara University, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
| | - Mehmet Emin Uras
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Marmara University, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Ertugrul Yalcin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeki Severoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Marmara University, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Goksel Demir
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Kirklareli University, Kayali, Kirklareli, Turkey
| | - Bakyt Borkoev
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Kalipa Salieva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Sevil Yucel
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umran Erturk
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ali Osman Solak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
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Treister-Goltzman Y, Friger M, Peleg R. Does primary lactase deficiency reduce bone mineral density in postmenopausal women? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:2399-2407. [PMID: 30009335 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4635-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The role of primary lactase deficiency (PLD) in its development is not clear. This meta-analysis showed that PLD is a risk factor for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. These women need special attention in terms of screening for osteoporosis and its prevention. INTRODUCTION Postmenopausal osteoporosis is an important predictor of bone fractures. The purpose of the study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of association of PLD and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. METHODS The electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched over the course of July 2017 for any date of publication without language limitation. Studies were included in the meta-analysis if the diagnosis of PLD was made by genetic testing or H-2 breath tests and the diagnosis of osteoporosis was made by a modern reliable method for BMD measurement. Two investigators conducted a comprehensive, independent review of all the papers. Five of the studies initially identified met the inclusion criteria. We used MOOSE guidelines for abstracting data and assessing data quality and validity. Meta-analysis was performed using the random effects model. RESULTS Five case-control studies with 2223 participants and 763 lactase-deficient cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed a significantly higher bone density Z-score in absorbers (mean difference 0.20, CI (0.14-0.27), P = 0.000), with no significant heterogeneity among the studies. Moreover, the Z-score in the vast majority of the measured sites (femoral head, femoral neck, lumbar spine, radius, and Ward's triangle) was significantly higher in absorbers. There was no significant overall difference in BMD in g/cm2 between absorbers and non-absorbers, but a significantly higher BMD using g/cm2 was observed in absorbers in the total hip site. CONCLUSIONS Postmenopausal women with PLD had lower Z-scores at most anatomic sites compared to healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Treister-Goltzman
- Department of Family Medicine and Siaal Research Center for Family Practice and Primary Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
- Clalit Health Services, Southern District, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - M Friger
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - R Peleg
- Department of Family Medicine and Siaal Research Center for Family Practice and Primary Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Clalit Health Services, Southern District, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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108
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Possagno LP, Franco A, Paranhos LR, Grando LJ, de Lima AAS, Bezerra ISQ, Fernandes Â. Morphological analysis of the skeletal development in lateral cephalometric radiographs of HIV infected children ongoing Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2018; 23:e691-e697. [PMID: 30341265 PMCID: PMC6261001 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.22610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the skeletal development of HIV infected children through a morphological analysis of the cervical vertebrae (CV) in lateral cephalometric radiographs. Material and Methods The sample consisted of 86 lateral cephalometric radiographs of male and female children aged between 6 and 14 years old. The radiographs were equally distributed in groups 1 (HIV infected children) and 2 (non-infected children, paired by sex and age). Two examiners analyzed the CV according to the method of Hassel and Farman (1995). Spearman correlation coefficient was used to associate age and skeletal development within groups, while Mann-Whitney test compared the skeletal development between groups. Results The correlation of age and skeletal development in group 1 reached 0.17, 0.27 and 0.27 (p >0.05) for C2, C3 and C4, respectively, while in group 2 it reached 0.65, 0.54 and 0.60, respectively (p <0.001). Differences were not significant between groups (p >0.05). Conclusions HIV infected and non-infected children showed a similar development of the CV. However, the weak correlation between age and CV development in HIV infected children highlights the need for careful decisions prior to therapeutic approaches – especially those founded on the prediction of skeletal development, such as maxillofacial surgeries, and orthopedic and orthodontic procedures. Key words:Cervical vertebrae, growth and development, HIV, radiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-P Possagno
- Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil,
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Mohammadi H, Baba Ismail YM, Bin Shariff KA, Mohd Noor AF. Synthesis and Characterization of Akermanite by Mechanical Milling and Subsequent Heat Treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1082/1/012021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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110
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Abstract
As we know nutrients are necessary for the development and proper functioning of the human organism. Bioavailabilities of nutrients are the major concern rather than the supply of an adequate amount of nutrients in the diet. Many of the researches have been shown that the consumption of probiotics along with dairy foods buffers the acidity of the stomach and increases the bacterial survival rate into the intestine. A dairy product with probiotics also provides many of essential nutrients, including protein and calcium. From all the necessary nutrients the calcium having a major role in the human body including the development of bone and teeth are also regulating enzymes and many more. Calcium is the most essential nutrient, about 99% of calcium found in teeth and bone in the body and only 1% is found in serum. A numbers of researches have shown that adequate amount of calcium intake leads to reduce risk of fracture, Osteoporosis and Hypoglycaemia and diabetes in some population. Many of the researches suggested that the Probiotics having a significant role in improvement of calcium uptake and absorption, hence the present review gives information about the relationship of probiotics and calcium, ensuring higher bioavailability of calcium and promising a better bone health. Here, the review study showed a significant role of probiotics in calcium absorption and thus the bioavailabilities. Moreover, it is focused on glimpse of various studies and in-vitro models associated with the phenomena of calcium absorption and uptake.
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111
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Yannakoulia M, Mamalaki E, Anastasiou CA, Mourtzi N, Lambrinoudaki I, Scarmeas N. Eating habits and behaviors of older people: Where are we now and where should we go? Maturitas 2018; 114:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Pogorzelska-Nowicka E, Atanasov AG, Horbańczuk J, Wierzbicka A. Bioactive Compounds in Functional Meat Products. Molecules 2018; 23:E307. [PMID: 29385097 PMCID: PMC6017222 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat and meat products are a good source of bioactive compounds with positive effect on human health such as vitamins, minerals, peptides or fatty acids. Growing food consumer awareness and intensified global meat producers competition puts pressure on creating new healthier meat products. In order to meet these expectations, producers use supplements with functional properties for animal diet and as direct additives for meat products. In the presented work seven groups of key functional constituents were chosen: (i) fatty acids; (ii) minerals; (iii) vitamins; (iv) plant antioxidants; (v) dietary fibers; (vi) probiotics and (vii) bioactive peptides. Each of them is discussed in term of their impact on human health as well as some quality attributes of the final products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Pogorzelska-Nowicka
- Department of Technique and Food Development, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Warsaw, Nowoursynowska Street 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jarosław Horbańczuk
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Wierzbicka
- Department of Technique and Food Development, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Warsaw, Nowoursynowska Street 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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113
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Vitamin D in Household Food Supplies of Homebound Older Adults Receiving Home-Delivered Meals. TOP CLIN NUTR 2017. [DOI: 10.1097/tin.0000000000000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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114
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A Validation Study of an Interviewer-Administered Short Food Frequency Questionnaire in Assessing Dietary Vitamin D and Calcium Intake in Swedish Children. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9070682. [PMID: 28665354 PMCID: PMC5537797 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D and calcium are essential nutrients with a range of biological effects of public health relevance. This study aimed to validate a short food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) against a three-day food record (3D record), assessing the intake of vitamin D and calcium in Swedish children during wintertime. In a double-blinded, randomized food-based intervention study on the effect of feeding different daily doses of vitamin D supplement to 5–7-year-old children (n = 85), 79 (93%) participants completed SFFQ1 at baseline and SFFQ2 after the intervention, and 72 were informed to fill in a 3D record. The 28 (39%) children who completed the 3D record were included in this validation study. The baseline level of serum-25 hydroxy vitamin D [S-25(OH)D] was used as a biomarker. The correlation between all three instruments were moderate to strong. SFFQ2 and the 3D record correlated moderately to S-25(OH)D. Bland-Altman analysis showed that SFFQ2 overestimated vitamin D intake by on average 0.6 μg/day, (limits of agreement (LOA) 5.7 and −4.6 μg/day), whereas the intake of calcium was underestimated by on average 29 mg/day, (LOA 808 and −865 mg/day). Finally, the validity coefficient calculated for vitamin D using the method of triad was high (0.75). In conclusion, this SFFQ, assessed by a dietician, is a valid tool to assess dietary vitamin D and calcium intake in groups of young children.
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Bvenura C, Sivakumar D. The role of wild fruits and vegetables in delivering a balanced and healthy diet. Food Res Int 2017; 99:15-30. [PMID: 28784471 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Without a doubt, fruits and vegetables are important components of a balanced and healthy diet. However, their consumption is very low in the world, with the lowest figures being reported in sub-Saharan Africa. The low consumption of fruits and vegetables means unbalanced and unhealthy diets, which has been linked to various diseases and conditions associated with increased mortality rates in worst cases. Poverty is the major contributor to the low consumption of fruits and vegetables in the majority of cases. However, the world, including sub-Saharan Africa, is endowed with numerous wild fruit and vegetable species which can be exploited and incorporated into the diets and help solve some nutrition related concerns. Therefore, in this review, we explore literature on wild fruits and vegetables with a special emphasis on some of the poorest regions of the world and where the lowest consumption figures are reported; their nutritional compositions; the status of their consumption and their role in the diet with a view to uncover their possible role in delivering a healthy and balanced diet as well as helping lower food and nutrition insecurity. A total of 396 articles were downloaded and analysed but only 213 were considered for this review. The results of the search indicate that wild fruits and vegetables are nutritionally rich and high in phytochemicals, especially antioxidants and therefore can possibly play a significant and positive role in delivering a healthy and balanced diet. However, the major challenge is the acceptability, accessibility as well as a lack of interest in wild fruits and vegetables and sheer neglect. People need to be educated using various forms of media on the nutritional and health benefits of these wild food plants with a view to bring them from the forest to the plate. Researchers need to channel more efforts towards domesticating them for ease of access, among other reasons. Governments need to incentivise the subsistence or commercial production of wild fruits and vegetables in order to encourage farmers to cultivate them. However, seeds and/or seedlings need to be made available and affordable to the farmers. The 'hidden treasures' in the forests in the form of edible plants could easily play a positive and huge role in delivering a balanced and healthy diet, especially in poor parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callistus Bvenura
- Phytochemical Food Network Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria West, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Dharini Sivakumar
- Phytochemical Food Network Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria West, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa
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Reported Dietary Intake, Disparity between the Reported Consumption and the Level Needed for Adequacy and Food Sources of Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium and Vitamin D in the Spanish Population: Findings from the ANIBES Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9020168. [PMID: 28230782 PMCID: PMC5331599 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and vitamin D have important biological roles in the body, especially in bone metabolism. We aimed to study the reported intake, the disparity between the reported consumption and the level needed for adequacy and food sources of these four nutrients in the Spanish population. We assessed the reported intake for both, general population and plausible reporters. Results were extracted from the ANIBES survey, n = 2009. Three-day dietary reported intake data were obtained and misreporting was assessed according to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Mean ± SEM (range) total reported consumption of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and vitamin D for the whole population were 698 ± 7 mg/day (71–2551 mg/day), 1176 ± 8 mg/day, (331–4429 mg/day), 222 ± 2 mg/day (73–782 mg/day), and 4.4 ± 0.1 µg/day (0.0–74.2 µg/day), respectively. In the whole group, 76% and 66%; 79% and 72%; and 94% and 93% of the population had reported intakes below 80% of the national and European recommended daily intakes for calcium, magnesium and vitamin D, respectively; these percentages were over 40% when the plausible reporters were analysed separately. The main food sources were milk and dairy products for calcium and phosphorus, cereals and grains for magnesium and fish for vitamin D. In conclusion, there is an important percentage of the Spanish ANIBES population not meeting the recommended intakes for calcium, magnesium and vitamin D.
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Association of plasma calcium concentrations with alcohol craving: New data on potential pathways. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:42-47. [PMID: 27890540 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, calcium was suggested to be the active moiety of acamprosate. We examined plasma calcium concentrations in association with severity of alcohol dependence and its interaction with regulating pathways and alcohol craving in alcohol-dependent patients. 47 inpatient alcohol-dependent patients undergoing detoxification treatment underwent laboratory testing, including calcium, sodium, liver enzymes as well as serum concentrations of calcitonin, parathyroid hormone and vitamin D. The psychometric dimension of craving was analyzed with the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS). The severity of withdrawal was measured with the Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS) and with the Alcohol Dependence Scale for high-risk sample (ADS-HR). The main findings of our investigation are: a) a negative correlation of plasma calcium concentrations with alcohol craving in different dimensions of the OCDS; b) a negative correlation of plasma calcium concentrations with breath alcohol concentration; c) lowered calcitonin concentration in the high-risk sample of alcoholics; d) lowered plasma vitamin D concentrations in all alcoholic subjects. Our study adds further support for lowered plasma calcium concentrations in patients with high alcohol intake and especially in patients with increased craving as a risk factor for relapse. Lowered calcitonin concentrations in the high-risk sample and lowered vitamin D concentrations may mediate these effects. Calcium supplementation could be a useful intervention for decreasing craving and relapse in alcohol-dependent subjects.
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118
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Osteoporosis: Modern Paradigms for Last Century's Bones. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8060376. [PMID: 27322315 PMCID: PMC4924217 DOI: 10.3390/nu8060376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeleton is a metabolically active organ undergoing continuously remodelling. With ageing and menopause the balance shifts to increased resorption, leading to a reduction in bone mineral density and disruption of bone microarchitecture. Bone mass accretion and bone metabolism are influenced by systemic hormones as well as genetic and lifestyle factors. The classic paradigm has described osteoporosis as being a “brittle bone” disease that occurs in post-menopausal, thin, Caucasian women with low calcium intakes and/or vitamin D insufficiency. However, a study of black women in Africa demonstrated that higher proportions of body fat did not protect bone health. Isoflavone interventions in Asian postmenopausal women have produced inconsistent bone health benefits, due in part to population heterogeneity in enteric bacterial metabolism of daidzein. A comparison of women and men in several Asian countries identified significant differences between countries in the rate of bone health decline, and a high incidence rate of osteoporosis in both sexes. These studies have revealed significant differences in genetic phenotypes, debunking long-held beliefs and leading to new paradigms in study design. Current studies are now being specifically designed to assess genotype differences between Caucasian, Asian, African, and other phenotypes, and exploring alternative methodology to measure bone architecture.
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Zhang M, Zhai R, Liu J, Guang H, Li B, Zhang S. Seasonal Variation of Blood Calcium Levels in Children Aged 1-10. J Clin Lab Anal 2016; 30:741-4. [PMID: 27061272 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, the associations of seasons with blood calcium levels in children aged 1-10 have not been evaluated. METHODS In 2012-2014, whole blood samples were collected from 2,562 children and calcium concentrations were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The associations of seasons with calcium levels were analyzed by multivariable regression. RESULTS The mean value of calcium concentrations was 1.61 ± 0.13 mmol/l and the overall deficiency was 29.3%. Overall, compared to those in winter, children in spring and summer had significant lower calcium concentrations that decreased by 1.2% (β = -0.012; 95% CI: -0.021, -0.002) and 1.4% (β = -0.014; 95% CI: -0.023, -0.005), respectively; and corresponding higher calcium deficiencies than those in spring, summer, and autumn with odds ratios (OR) were 1.93 (95% CI: 1.39, 2.66), 1.65 (95% CI: 1.21, 2.24), and 1.57 (95% CI: 1.14, 2.15), respectively. Moreover, this seasonality was more significant in girls in whom calcium concentration in summer decreased by 1.9% (β = -0.019; 95% CI: -0.036, -0.003) and OR for calcium deficiencies in summer was 2.46 (1.38-4.41), compared to the girls in winter. CONCLUSIONS The seasons have significant association with blood calcium levels, especially in girls. However, the impact of this seasonality on children's health is still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichun Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Lu'an People's Hospital, The Lu'an Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rongrong Zhai
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Lu'an People's Hospital, The Lu'an Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Lu'an People's Hospital, The Lu'an Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Guang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Lu'an People's Hospital, The Lu'an Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Benzhong Li
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Lu'an People's Hospital, The Lu'an Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Songtao Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Lu'an People's Hospital, The Lu'an Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, People's Republic of China
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Pu F, Chen N, Xue S. Calcium intake, calcium homeostasis and health. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Miller R, Spiro A, Stanner S. Micronutrient status and intake in the UK - where might we be in 10 years' time? NUTR BULL 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Miller
- British Nutrition Foundation; London UK
| | - A. Spiro
- British Nutrition Foundation; London UK
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de Souza RB, da Silva Assunção LR, Franco A, Zaroni FM, Holderbaum RM, Fernandes Â. Dental age estimation in Brazilian HIV children using Willems' method. Forensic Sci Int 2015; 257:510.e1-510.e4. [PMID: 26318404 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The notification of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Brazilian children was first reported in 1984. Since that time more than 21 thousand children became infected. Approximately 99.6% of the children aged less than 13 years old are vertically infected. In this context, most of the children are abandoned after birth, or lose their relatives in a near future, growing with uncertain identification. The present study aims to estimate the dental age of Brazilian HIV patients in face of healthy patients paired by age and gender. The sample consisted of 160 panoramic radiographs of male (n: 80) and female (n: 80) patients aged between 4 and 15 years (mean age: 8.88 years), divided into HIV (n: 80) and control (n: 80) groups. The sample was analyzed by three trained examiners, using Willems' method, 2001. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was applied to test intra- and inter-examiner agreement, and Student paired t-test was used to determine the age association between HIV and control groups. Intra-examiner (ICC: from 0.993 to 0.997) and inter-examiner (ICC: from 0.991 to 0.995) agreement tests indicated high reproducibility of the method between the examiners (P<0.01). Willems' method revealed discrete statistical overestimation in HIV (2.86 months; P=0.019) and control (1.90 months; P=0.039) groups. However, stratified analysis by gender indicate that overestimation were only concentrated in male HIV (3.85 months; P=0.001) and control (2.86 months; P=0.022) patients. The significant statistical differences are not clinically relevant once only few months of discrepancy are detected applying Willems' method in a Brazilian HIV sample, making this method highly recommended for dental age estimation of both HIV and healthy children with unknown age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Boschetti de Souza
- Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, 80210-170 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciana Reichert da Silva Assunção
- Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, 80210-170 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ademir Franco
- Department of Forensic Odontology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fábio Marzullo Zaroni
- Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, 80210-170 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Rejane Maria Holderbaum
- Department of Radiology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ângela Fernandes
- Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, 80210-170 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Liu RH, Kang X, Xu LP, Nian HL, Yang XW, Shi HT, Wang XJ. Effects of the combined extracts of Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi on bone mineral content and bone turnover in osteoporotic rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:112. [PMID: 25889254 PMCID: PMC4411652 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The decoction combination of Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi has been used to treat osteoporosis for almost 50 years by practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine. However, it is unclear what specific effects this combination of herbs has on the skeleton. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the combined extracts from Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi on the bone turnover and bone mineral content in a rat model of osteoporosis induced by retinoic acid. METHODS Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the normal control group, osteoporosis model group, or treatment groups in which osteoporosis was induced and then the combined extracts of Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi were administered at 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks via oral gavage. The rat osteoporosis model was induced by intragastric administration of 70 mg/kg/day of retinoic acid for 2 weeks. Bone turnover markers, bone biomechanical properties, and the calcium and phosphorus content of the right tibia and serum were measured. RESULTS The retinoic acid administration decreased the bone mass and the contents of calcium and phosphorus in the bone mineral, weakened the biomechanical properties, and increased bone turnover by stimulating bone resorption and collagen metabolism. Treatment with the combined extracts of Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi significantly mitigated the effects of osteoporosis on the rats by decreasing bone metabolism, improving the bone mineral content, and increasing the biomechanical properties. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study highlight the anti-osteoporosis effects of the combined extracts of Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi. These findings may contribute to the development of natural anti-osteoporosis herbal medicines.
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