1551
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Lin WC, Chang FC, Kuei CH. Separation of atropisomeric polychlorinated biphenyls by cyclodextrin modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-667x(1999)11:3<231::aid-mcs9>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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1552
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Junquera E, Aicart E. A fluorimetric, potentiometric and conductimetric study of the aqueous solutions of naproxen and its association with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. Int J Pharm 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(98)00313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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1553
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Daugherty DL, Rozema D, Hanson PE, Gellman SH. Artificial chaperone-assisted refolding of citrate synthase. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:33961-71. [PMID: 9852049 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.51.33961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The power of genetic engineering methods, along with increasing genomic information, makes heterologous expression of proteins an extremely important biochemical tool. Unfortunately, proteins obtained in this way often are not in their native form, and folding becomes a crucial step in protein production. We have recently developed a strategy that promotes the folding of chemically denatured proteins via the sequential addition of low molecular weight "artificial chaperones." Here we describe in detail the application of this method to porcine heart citrate synthase. Refolding yields of as high as 65% have been achieved. Mechanistic studies indicate that there are significant differences between artificial chaperone-assisted refolding of citrate synthase and artificial chaperone-assisted refolding of two other proteins that have been examined, carbonic anhydrase B (Rozema, D., and Gellman, S. H. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 3478-3487) and lysozyme (Rozema, D., and Gellman, S. H. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 15760-15771). The differences among these three test proteins reveal the range of procedural variation that must be considered in the application of the artificial chaperone method to new proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Daugherty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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1554
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Smith AC, Macartney DH. Kinetics of the Self-Assembly of α-Cyclodextrin [2]Pseudorotaxanes with 1,12-Bis(4-(α-alkyl-α-methylmethanol)pyridinium)dodecane Dications in Aqueous Solution. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9808775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Catherine Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Donal H. Macartney
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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1555
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Lee JY, Park SM. Electrochemistry of Guest Molecules in Thiolated Cyclodextrin Self-Assembled Monolayers: An Implication for Size-Selective Sensors. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9828235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Lee
- Department of Chemistry and School of Environmental Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Su-Moon Park
- Department of Chemistry and School of Environmental Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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1556
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Wang Y, Kaifer AE. Interfacial Molecular Recognition. Binding of Ferrocenecarboxylate to β-Aminocyclodextrin Hosts Electrostatically Immobilized on a Thioctic Acid Monolayer. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp982824x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Chemistry Department, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124-0431
| | - Angel E. Kaifer
- Chemistry Department, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124-0431
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1557
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Balabai N, Linton B, Napper A, Priyadarshy S, Sukharevsky AP, Waldeck DH. Orientational Dynamics of β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp982756e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Balabai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - B. Linton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - A. Napper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - S. Priyadarshy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - A. P. Sukharevsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - D. H. Waldeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
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1558
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Topchieva IN, Mischnick P, Kühn G, Polyakov VA, Elezkaya SV, Bystryzky GI, Karezin KI. Novel derivatives of cyclodextrins, modified with poly(ethylene oxide) and their complexation properties. Bioconjug Chem 1998; 9:676-82. [PMID: 9815160 DOI: 10.1021/bc980005+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new family of bouquet-like molecules based on cyclodextrins is described. These compounds were obtained by polymerization of ethylene oxide. This reaction was initiated by primary and secondary hydroxyl groups of cyclodextrins, which constitute an organizing core. Analysis of structure and composition of conjugates based on alpha-CD and beta-CD was performed using the data of MALDI-MS, GC-MS, and 13C-NMR spectra. Glass transition behavior of the conjugates shows that the above compounds are amorphous. Complexation properties of the conjugates are described with respect to sodium 4-nitrophenolate and calcium acetylhomotaurinate, which are used as guest molecules. Binding interaction between cyclodextrins or their conjugates and sodium 4-nitrophenolate was studied using differential absorption spectra. Association constants Ka between CD hosts and calcium acetylhomotaurinate composed of two equal anionic moieties were studied using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The values of binding constant for beta-CD were found to increase by more than 2 orders of magnitude than that of the corresponding system based on alpha-CD. alpha-CD was shown to form the inclusion complex with one anionic moiety, whereas beta-CD produces a ternary complex with two anionic moieties of CAHT. For PEO derivatives of CDs, Ka decreases as compared with that of parent CD for both guests. These conjugates may be used as potent drug-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N Topchieva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, 119899, Lenin Hills, Moscow, Russia
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1559
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Krois D, Brinker UH. Induced Circular Dichroism and UV−Vis Absorption Spectroscopy of Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes: Structural Elucidation of Supramolecular Azi-adamantane (Spiro[adamantane-2,3‘-diazirine]). J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja982299f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Krois
- Contribution from the Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Wien, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Udo H. Brinker
- Contribution from the Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Wien, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Wien, Austria
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1560
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Liu L, Guo QX. Wavelet Neural Network and Its Application to the Inclusion of β-Cyclodextrin with Benzene Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ci980097x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Xiang Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
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1561
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Sanramé CN, Rossi RHD, Argüello GA. Time-Resolved Study of the Sensitized Formation and Decay of O2(1δg) in the Presence of Cyclodextrins*. Photochem Photobiol 1998. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1998.tb02502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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1562
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel E. Kaifer
- Chemistry Department, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124-0431
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1563
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Ali MB, Kalfat R, Sfihi H, Ouada HB, Chovelon J, Jaffrezic-Renault N. Cyclodextrin-polymethylhydrosiloxane gel as sensitive membrane for heavy ion sensors. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4931(98)00035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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1564
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Retna Raj C, Ramaraj R. Study of surfactant–cyclodextrin complexation by cyclic voltammetry using polypyridyl metal complexes as electroactive probes. Electrochim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(98)00110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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1565
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Milewski M, Augustyniak W, Maciejewski A. Ternary Complexes of 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-thione with β-Cyclodextrin and Alcohols. Dramatic Effect of Complex Formation on Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Intensity. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp981695h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Milewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, and Apparatus Laboratory, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-790 Poznań, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Augustyniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, and Apparatus Laboratory, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-790 Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Maciejewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, and Apparatus Laboratory, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-790 Poznań, Poland
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1566
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Zhou J, Sui Q, Huang B. Photoinduced self-assembly of the supramolecular photochromic systems – photoinduced dimer formation of the inclusion complexes of an indolinospiropyran with CDs. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(98)00334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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1567
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Franco CM, Fente CA, Vázquez BI, Cepeda A, Mahuzier G, Prognon P. Interaction between cyclodextrins and aflatoxins Q1, M1 and P1. Fluorescence and chromatographic studies. J Chromatogr A 1998; 815:21-9. [PMID: 9718703 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00509-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescence properties of the aflatoxins M1, Q1, P1 in solution and the effect of various cyclodextrins (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, hydroxypropyl-beta- and alpha-beta-heptakis-di-O-methyl-beta-) on their fluorescence emission were studied. Among the aflatoxins, a substantial enhancement of the fluorescence emission of aflatoxin Q1 in the presence of aqueous solutions of alpha-, beta-, hydroxypropyl-beta, and alpha-beta-heptakis-di-O-methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, was observed. On the contrary, gamma-cyclodextrin proved to be inefficient to enhance the fluorescence properties of this compound. No important fluorescence enhancement was found for aflatoxins P1 or M1 for any of the cyclodextrin derivatives tested. The complex formation constant (Kf) of these compounds with beta-cyclodextrin was chromatographically determined, and from the results obtained, we can conclude that Kf cannot be used alone to explain the fluorescence increase. Thermodynamic studies showed that delta-H and delta-S parameters, associated with the partition of aflatoxins in RP-HPLC, increased when beta-cyclodextrin was added to the eluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Franco
- Laboratorio de Higiene e Inspección de los Alimentos, Dpto. de Química Analítica Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Lugo, Spain
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1568
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Schneider HJ, Hacket F, Rüdiger V, Ikeda H. NMR Studies of Cyclodextrins and Cyclodextrin Complexes. Chem Rev 1998; 98:1755-1786. [PMID: 11848948 DOI: 10.1021/cr970019t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1144] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Jörg Schneider
- Department of Bioengineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226, Japan
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1569
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaneto Uekama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1, Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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1570
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Nepogodiev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
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1571
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Guo QX, Liu L, Cai WS, Jiang Y, Liu YC. Driving force prediction for inclusion complexation of α-cyclodextrin with benzene derivatives by a wavelet neural network. Chem Phys Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(98)00528-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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1572
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Hirasawa T, Maeda Y, Kitano H. Inclusional Complexation by Cyclodextrin−Polymer Conjugates in Organic Solvents. Macromolecules 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9803739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Hirasawa
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Toyama University, Toyama, 930-8555 Japan
| | - Yasushi Maeda
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Toyama University, Toyama, 930-8555 Japan
| | - Hiromi Kitano
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Toyama University, Toyama, 930-8555 Japan
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1573
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McDonald C, Muzumdar PP. Prevention of precipitation of phenytoin in an infusion fluid by hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin. J Clin Pharm Ther 1998; 23:235-9. [PMID: 9831976 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2710.1998.00158.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Injection of phenytoin is often diluted with infusion fluids before administration, which may lead to precipitation of the drug due to changes in pH and/or vehicle. It is not possible to add cyclodextrins to the original injections to prevent precipitation of the drug, because the quantities required would be impractical (>100% w/v). However, from a knowledge of the solubility of phenytoin in cyclodextrin solutions, it is possible to add sufficient amounts of a soluble cyclodextrin to infusion fluids to maintain the solubility of phenytoin after the original injection is diluted to clinical concentrations in the fluid. From solubility measurements, theoretical amounts of hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD), sufficient to prevent precipitation of phenytoin, were added to 0.9% w/v sodium chloride solution, adjusted to pH 7.0. Phenytoin injection was diluted to clinical concentrations in the cyclodextrin/NaCl solutions. The mixtures, together with analogous mixtures containing phenytoin, but no HPCD, were stored at 25 degrees C for 3 days. In the presence of the cyclodextrin no precipitates of phenytoin were observed, but in its absence an immediate massive precipitation of phenytoin occurred. This is a flexible method for using soluble cyclodextrins to prevent precipitates of drugs in infusion fluids, provided the cyclodextrin used is not toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- C McDonald
- School of Pharmacy, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia
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1574
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Lyon AP, Banton NJ, Macartney DH. Kinetics of the self-assembly of bold alpha -cyclodextrin [2]pseudorotaxanes with polymethylene threads bearing quaternary ammonium and phosphonium end groups. CAN J CHEM 1998. [DOI: 10.1139/v98-092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics and mechanism of the formation and dissociation of a series of [2]pseudorotaxanes, comprised of α -cyclodextrin (α -CD) as the cyclic component and the ([Me3N(CH2)nNMe3]2+ (n = 8-12), [Me2EtN(CH2)10NEtMe2]2+, and [Me3P(CH2)10PMe3]2+) dications as the threads, were determined by means of 1H and 31P NMR in aqueous solution. The length of the polymethylene chain (n) of the thread, which has a minor effect on the rate constant for pseudorotaxane formation, is important in the kinetics of the dissociation reactions, with the longer, more hydrophobic chains resulting in slower pseudorotaxane dissociation. The replacement of one methyl substitutent by an ethyl group in each of the end groups on the [Me3N(CH2)10NMe3]2+ thread results in a 30-fold decrease in the formation rate constant. Replacements, by ethyls, of two or all of the methyl substitutents prevent the formation of the pseudorotaxane, even after prolonged heating. The pseudorotaxane containing the {Me3P(CH2)10PMe3.; α-CD}2+ thread forms only at elevated temperatures by a slippage mechanism, and the rate constant for its self-assembly at 75°C (8 x 10-5 M-1 s-1) is more than 106 smaller than the rate constant at 75°C (200 M-1 s-1) extrapolated for the corresponding {Me3N(CH2)10NMe3 . α -CD}2+complex. The enthalpies and entropies of activation for the formation and dissociation of the [2]pseudorotaxanes decrease with an increase in the size and hydrophobicity of the end groups, suggesting a reduced role of desolvation of the quaternized atoms in the threading or dethreading processes.Key words: pseudorotaxane, α -cyclodextrin, kinetics, self-assembly, slippage, supramolecular.
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1575
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García-Río L, Leis JR, Mejuto JC, Pérez-Juste J. Basic Hydrolysis of m-Nitrophenyl Acetate in Micellar Media Containing β-Cyclodextrins. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp980432k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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1576
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Inclusion complex formation constants of α-, β-, γ-, δ-, ε-, ζ-, η- and θ-cyclodextrins determined with capillary zone electrophoresis. Carbohydr Res 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(98)00130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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1577
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Zhang HM, Ruan XQ, Guo QX, Liu YC. One-electron Oxidation of N-Benzylphenothiazine by Nitric Acid in the Presence of β-Cyclodextrin. CHEM LETT 1998. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1998.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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1578
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Barros TC, Stefaniak K, Holzwarth JF, Bohne C. Complexation of Naphthylethanols with β-Cyclodextrin. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9803844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. C. Barros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3V6, and Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellshaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - K. Stefaniak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3V6, and Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellshaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. F. Holzwarth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3V6, and Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellshaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Bohne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3V6, and Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellshaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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1579
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Gadre A, Connors KA. Binding of substituted acetic acids to alpha-cyclodextrin in aqueous solution. J Pharm Sci 1997; 86:1210-4. [PMID: 9383727 DOI: 10.1021/js9702527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Complex binding constants of 23 aliphatic acids with alpha-cyclodextrin in aqueous solution were measured by potentiometry, solubility, or competitive spectrophotometry at 25 degrees C. All systems formed 1:1 acid:cyclodextrin complexes, and some of them also formed 1:2 complexes. The conjugate acids formed stronger complexes than did the conjugate bases (except for glycine). Empirical correlations of complex stabilities are shown with partition coefficients, surface areas, molar refraction, and other descriptors. Complex stability appears to result from the hydrophobic effect, the dispersion interaction, and interaction of the carboxylic acid group with the cyclodextrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gadre
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA
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