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A Comparison of Colistin versus Colistin Plus Meropenem for the Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Critically Ill Patients: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9100647. [PMID: 32998187 PMCID: PMC7599589 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9100647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), an important nosocomial pathogen, occurs particularly in the intensive care unit (ICU). Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of documented treatment with colistin monotherapy versus colistin plus meropenem in critically ill patients with CRAB infections at Chiang Mai University Hospital (CMUH). We conducted a retrospective cohort study of critically ill patients with CRAB infections in an ICU from 2015 to 2017, who received colistin monotherapy versus colistin plus meropenem. After propensity score matching, an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of a 30-day mortality rate in patients who received colistin plus meropenem was 0.43 compared to those who received colistin monotherapy (95% CI, 0.23–0.82, p = 0.01). aORs of clinical response and microbiological response were also higher in patients who received colistin plus meropenem (1.81, 95% CI 1.01–3.26, p = 0.048 and 2.08, 95% CI 1.11–3.91, p = 0.023, respectively). There was no significant difference in nephrotoxicity (aOR, 0.76, 95% CI, 0.43–1.36, p = 0.363) between colistin monotherapy and colistin plus meropenem. In conclusion, the addition of meropenem to colistin caused a reduction in 30-day mortality, higher clinical and microbiological responses, and did not increase nephrotoxicity compared to colistin monotherapy. Furthermore, 30-day mortality was significantly related with age, receiving vasopressor, having malignancy, and the APACHE II score.
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152
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Jorgensen SCJ, Stewart JJ, Dalton B. Vancomycin AUC-guided therapeutic drug monitoring to reduce nephrotoxicity: are we overlooking a simpler solution? Comment on: Oda K, Jono H, Nosaka K, Saito H. Reduced nephrotoxicity in vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring guided by area under the concentration-time curve against trough 15-20 µg/mL concentration. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 56:106150. [PMID: 32882431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jackson J Stewart
- Pharmacy Department, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bruce Dalton
- Pharmacy Department, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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153
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Liu J, Shu Y, Zhu F, Feng B, Zhang Z, Liu L, Wang G. Comparative efficacy and safety of combination therapy with high-dose sulbactam or colistin with additional antibacterial agents for multiple drug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 24:136-147. [PMID: 32889142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with high-dose sulbactam or colistin with additional antibacterial agents for treating multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB or XDR-AB) infections. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science (through March 30, 2020) for studies that examined high-dose sulbactam or colistin with additional antibacterial agents as therapy for patients with infections with MDR-AB and XDR-AB. Through a network meta-analysis (NMA), using both direct and indirect evidence, we determined risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Primary outcomes included clinical improvement, clinical cure, microbiological eradication, and mortality from any cause. Secondary outcomes included nephrotoxicity. RESULTS The NMA included 18 studies and 1835 patients. We found that high-dose sulbactam (≥6 g per day), combined with another single antibacterial agent (levofloxacin or tigecycline), which were the highest ranking in clinical improvement and clinical cure. Still colistin-based combination in drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii therapy occupied the main position (the number of studies and patients) in most studies. Colistin combined with additional antibacterial agents was associated with a higher risk of nephrotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS Therapeutic regimens including high-dose sulbactam in combination with additional antibacterial agents (including colistin) might be one of the promising options for the treatment of MDR-AB or XDR-AB infections and high-quality study will be needed to confirm clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiating Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou 646000, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yunfeng Shu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou 646000, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Feilong Zhu
- The Affiliated Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Bimin Feng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zhengjie Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou 646000, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou 646000, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Guojun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou 646000, China.
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154
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Jiang AM, Shi X, Liu N, Gao H, Ren MD, Zheng XQ, Fu X, Liang X, Ruan ZP, Yao Y, Tian T. Nosocomial infections due to multidrug-resistant bacteria in cancer patients: a six-year retrospective study of an oncology Center in Western China. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:452. [PMID: 32600270 PMCID: PMC7324970 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05181-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial infections are the most frequent complications in patients with malignancy, and the epidemiology of nosocomial infections among cancer patients has changed over time. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics, antibiotic resistance patterns, and prognosis of nosocomial infections due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in cancer patients. METHODS This retrospective observational study analyzed cancer patients with nosocomial infections caused by MDR from August 2013 to May 2019. The extracted clinical data were recorded in a standardized form and compared based on the survival status of the patients after infection and during hospitalization. The data were analyzed using independent samples t-test, Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression. P-values < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS One thousand eight patients developed nosocomial infections during hospitalization, with MDR strains detected in 257 patients. Urinary tract infection (38.1%), respiratory tract infection (26.8%), and bloodstream infection (BSI) (12.5%) were the most common infection types. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) (72.8%) members were the most frequently isolated MDR strains, followed by Acinetobacter baumannii (11.7%), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (6.2%). The results of multivariate regression analysis revealed that smoking history, intrapleural/abdominal infusion history within 30 days, the presence of an indwelling urinary catheter, length of hospitalization, and hemoglobin were independent factors for in-hospital mortality in the study population. The isolated MDR bacteria exhibited high rates of sensitivity to amikacin, meropenem, and imipenem. CONCLUSIONS The burden of nosocomial infections due to MDR bacteria is considerably high in oncological patients, with ESBL-PE being the most predominant causative pathogen. Our findings suggest that amikacin and carbapenems actively against more than 89.7% of MDR isolates. The precise management of MDR bacterial infections in cancer patients may improve the prognosis of these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Min Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Shi
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Di Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ping Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Tian
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.
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155
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Choe J, Sohn YM, Jeong SH, Park HJ, Na SJ, Huh K, Suh GY, Jeon K. Inhalation with intravenous loading dose of colistin in critically ill patients with pneumonia caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2020; 13:1753466619885529. [PMID: 31680646 PMCID: PMC6852352 DOI: 10.1177/1753466619885529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite the increasing use of colistin in clinical practice, the optimal
dosing, and administration route have not been established. This study aimed
to evaluate the clinical outcome and safety of intravenous (IV) colistin
with a loading dose (LD) and adjunctive aerosolized (AS) colistin
administration in critically ill patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia
(HAP) or ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by
carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria (CRGNB). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 191 critically ill patients who received colistin
for the treatment of HAP or VAP caused by CRGNB. Patients were divided into
three groups: non-LD IV (patients received only IV colistin without LD), LD
IV (patients received only IV colistin with LD), and AS–LD (patients
received IV colistin with LD and adjunctive AS colistin). Results: There was no difference in clinical response between the three groups.
However, the rate of microbiological eradication was significantly higher in
the AS–LD group (60%) than in the non-LD IV (31%), and LD IV (33%) groups
(p = 0.010). Patients treated with adjunctive AS
colistin in combination with LD IV had significantly lower 30-day mortality
rates than patients treated with IV colistin alone
(p = 0.027). After adjusting for potential confounding
factors, adjunctive AS colistin was still significantly associated with
lower mortality (adjusted OR 0.338, CI 95% 0.132–0.864,
p = 0.024). However, nephrotoxicity did not change
according to the use of LD regimen and AS colistin administration
(p = 0.100). Conclusions: Adjunctive AS colistin in combination with IV colistin with LD was related to
an improved 30-day mortality and microbiological outcome without an increase
in nephrotoxicity in critically ill patients with HAP and VAP caused by
CRGNB. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental
material section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsu Choe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You Min Sohn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Hyeon Jeong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Na
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Huh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gee Young Suh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongman Jeon
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
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156
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Stawny M, Gostyńska A, Nadolna M, Jelińska A. Safe Practice of Y-Site Drug Administration: The Case of Colistin and Parenteral Nutrition. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E292. [PMID: 32213881 PMCID: PMC7151260 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A serious problem in everyday clinical practice is the co-administration of drugs using the same infusion line. Potential complications of co-administration of incompatible drugs include precipitation in the infusion line or central venous catheter leading to its occlusion. Administration of precipitate and large lipid droplets into the venous system may lead to the embolization of capillaries and local or systemic inflammatory reactions, with the consequences of venous thrombosis, chronic venous insufficiency, and even pulmonary embolism. The co-administration of drugs must always be confirmed and clearly defined. The study aimed to determine the interaction between colistin (COL) in the dose used during intermittent hemodialysis and five different ready-to-use PN admixtures (PN) (Kabiven, Smofkabiven, Olimel N9E, Nutriflex Lipid Special, and Nutriflex Omega Special). COL-PN compatibilities were tested by comparing physicochemical properties (pH, zeta potential, lipid emulsion particle size) of COL and PN at three time points: immediately after sample preparation, after ten minutes, and after four hours. No changes in the visual inspection were observed. Both PN without COL and COL-PN samples remained white, homogeneous oil-in-water emulsions with no signs of phase separation, precipitation, or color change. There were no significant changes in pH, and the mean droplet diameter remained below the acceptance limit of 500 nm. The zeta potential and osmolality of COL-PN samples ranged from -21.4 to -7.22 mV and from 567 to 1304 mOsm/kg, respectively. The COL does not influence the physical stability of studied PN admixtures. The co-infusion of COL with Kabiven, Nutriflex Lipid Special, Olimel N9E, Nutriflex Omega Special, and Smofkabiven is possible in the dose used during intermittent hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Stawny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.G.); (M.N.); (A.J.)
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157
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Masich AM, Kalaria SN, Gonzales JP, Heil EL, Tata AL, Claeys KC, Patel D, Gopalakrishnan M. Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients with Sepsis or Septic Shock. Pharmacotherapy 2020; 40:211-220. [PMID: 31957057 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Obese patients with sepsis or septic shock may have altered vancomycin pharmacokinetics compared with the general population that may result in improper dosing or inadequate drug concentrations. The objective of this study was to characterize vancomycin pharmacokinetics in obese patients with sepsis or septic shock, and to develop a novel pharmacokinetic dosing model based on pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic target requirements. DESIGN Prospective observational pharmacokinetic study. SETTING Large quaternary academic medical center. PATIENTS Sixteen obese (body mass index [BMI] 30 kg/m2 or higher) adults with sepsis and either a gram-positive bacteremia or requiring vasopressor support (septic shock), who were receiving vancomycin between November 2016 and June 2018, were included. Patients were excluded if they were receiving renal replacement therapy or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, treatment for central nervous system infections, pregnant, or receiving vancomycin for surgical prophylaxis. INTERVENTION Four blood samples per patient were collected following a single dose of vancomycin: one peak serum vancomycin level (within 1-2 hrs of infusion completion), two random levels during the dosing interval, and one trough level (within 30-60 min of the next dose) were measured. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A population pharmacokinetic model was developed to describe vancomycin concentrations over time. Simulations to determine optimal dosing were performed using the pharmacokinetic model with different ranges of creatinine clearance (Clcr ) and different vancomycin daily doses. Median age of the patients was 62 years; median BMI was 36.1 kg/m2 , Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was 26, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score was 11. Eleven patients (69%) had an acute kidney injury. Median initial vancomycin dose was 15 mg/kg; median vancomycin trough concentration was 17 mg/L. A one-compartment model best characterized the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in obese patients with sepsis or septic shock. Volume of distribution was slightly increased in this population (0.8 L/kg) compared with the general population (0.7 L/kg). Only Clcr effect on drug clearance was found to be significant (decrease in the objective function value by 16.4 points), confirming that it is a strong predictor of vancomycin clearance. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this study provides the first population-based pharmacokinetic model in obese patients with sepsis or septic shock. The nomograms generated from this pharmacokinetic model provide a simplified approach to vancomycin dosing in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Masich
- Department of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Shamir N Kalaria
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Emily L Heil
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Asha L Tata
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kimberly C Claeys
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Devang Patel
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mathangi Gopalakrishnan
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland
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158
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Hiraiwa T, Moriyama K, Matsumoto K, Shimomura Y, Kato Y, Yamashita C, Hara Y, Kawaji T, Kurimoto Y, Nakamura T, Kuriyama N, Shibata J, Komura H, Morita K, Nishida O. In vitro Evaluation of Linezolid and Doripenem Clearance with Different Hemofilters. Blood Purif 2020; 49:295-301. [PMID: 31995801 DOI: 10.1159/000504039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is widely used in the treatment of septic acute kidney injury. However, little is known about how the adsorption properties of hemofilters used in RRT affect antibiotic concentration. Because a cytokine-adsorption membrane is frequently used in RRT, it is important to determine the antibiotic adsorption capacity of this membrane. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the antibiotic adsorption capacity of different hemofilter membranes by in vitro experiments using 2 antibacterial agents (linezolid and doripenem). METHODS We performed experimental hemofiltration in vitro using polyacrylonitrile (AN69ST), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and polysulfone (PS) hemofilters for 1,440 min. The test solution was a 1,000-mL substitution fluid containing 30 µg/mL linezolid and 120 µg/mL doripenem. We measured drug concentrations at the inlet, outlet, and filtrate ports of the hemofilters for 1,440 min and calculated the sieving coefficient (SC) and adsorption rate (Ra) of the drugs onto the hemofilters. RESULTS The amount of linezolid adsorbed onto AN69ST, PMMA, and PS membranes was decreased relative to that in the control group at 15 min (p < 0.05). However, no SC for linezolid was obtained thereafter. The Ra of linezolid onto AN69ST, PMMA, and PS membranes was higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). In contrast, no significant differences were observed in the concentrations and Ra values of doripenem adsorbed onto AN69ST, PMMA, and PS membranes compared with those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Doripenem was not adsorbed onto PMMA, PS, and AN69ST membranes. Linezolid was adsorbed onto PMMA, PS, and AN69ST membranes, but only temporarily, and this did not affect drug bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihisa Hiraiwa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Clinical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Moriyama
- Laboratory for Immune Response and Regulatory Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan,
| | - Kana Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Shimomura
- Department of Anesthesiology and Clinical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yu Kato
- Department of Anesthesiology and Clinical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Chizuru Yamashita
- Department of Anesthesiology and Clinical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Clinical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kawaji
- Department of Anesthesiology and Clinical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Kurimoto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Clinical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakamura
- Department of Anesthesiology and Clinical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Naohide Kuriyama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Clinical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Junpei Shibata
- Department of Anesthesiology and Clinical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Komura
- Department of Anesthesiology and Clinical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Morita
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Osamu Nishida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Clinical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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159
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Fatehi S, Eshaghi H, Sharifzadeh M, Mirrahimi B, Qorbani M, Tanzifi P, Gholami K, Faghihi T. A Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating the Efficacy of Colistin Loading Dose in Critically Ill Children. J Res Pharm Pract 2019; 8:196-201. [PMID: 31956632 PMCID: PMC6952755 DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_19_68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies recommend applying loading dose of colistin for the treatment of severe infections in the critically ill adults. Pharmacokinetic studies of colistin in children also highlight the need for a loading dose. However, there are no clinical studies evaluating the effectiveness of colistin loading dose in children. Methods: In a randomized trial, children with ventilator-associated pneumonia or central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) for whom colistin was initiated, were enrolled. Patients were randomized into two groups; loading dose and conventional dose treatment arms. In the conventional treatment arm, colistimethate sodium was initiated with maintenance dose. In the loading dose group, colistimethate sodium was commenced with a loading dose of 150,000 international unit/kg, then on the maintenance dose. Both treatment arms also received meropenem as combination therapy. Primary outcomes were overall efficacy, clinical improvement and microbiological cure. Secondary outcomes were colistin-induced nephrotoxicity and development of resistance. Findings: Thirty children completed this study. There was a significantly higher overall efficacy in the group received loading dose (42.9 vs. 6.3%, P = 0.031). There weren’t any significant differences in the clinical and microbiological endpoints. In the subgroup of children with CLABSI, results illustrated a trend toward (though statistically nonsignificant) better clinical cure for patients receiving loading dose. Conclusion: This preliminary study suggests that colistin loading dose might have some benefits in critically ill children, specifically in children with CLABSI. Further trials are required to elucidate colistin best dosing strategy in critically ill children with severe infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Fatehi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Eshaghi
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meisam Sharifzadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahador Mirrahimi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Parin Tanzifi
- Department of Pathology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kheirollah Gholami
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Toktam Faghihi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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160
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Describing vancomycin serum levels in pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) patients: are expected goals being met. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:240. [PMID: 31319831 PMCID: PMC6639923 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1602-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the pediatric population, infections by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are associated with significant morbidity and hospital costs. Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic, widely used for the treatment of serious infections by Gram-positive microorganisms, especially MRSA. It is recommended to keep the serum level of vancomycin between 10 and 20 mg/L, that correlates with AUC/MIC > 400 in adults. This pharmacodynamic target is extrapolated to pediatric patients despite the lack of similar evidence. However, recent studies suggest that serum levels between 7 and 10 mg/L are predictive of reaching the pharmacodynamic target in this population. In spite of widespread use, ideal information about dosage for the pediatric population remains limited. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted in patients admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit during the period between January 01, 2008 to December 31, 2014. We investigated variables such as age, positive fluid balance and use of vasoactive drugs on the ability of these patients to achieve the proposed recommended serum level target and the vancomycin serum levels. RESULTS Our study showed that only 26% of children reached the 10-20 mg/L serum level whereas the 7-20 mg/L serum level was reached by 51% of patients. CONCLUSIONS We observed no evidence of a significant association between the inadequacy of serum level and age. The positive fluid balance also had no influence on the vancomycin serum level but patients using vasoactive drugs had a greater serum level adequacy than patients not using vasoactive drugs.
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Jung S, Chung EK, Jun MS, Son ES, Rhie SJ. Differences in Colistin Administration and Bacterial and Treatment Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8781. [PMID: 31217523 PMCID: PMC6584744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44965-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The desired target steady-state average colistin concentration (Css,avg) to balance between therapeutic effectiveness and nephrotoxicity is largely unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the desired target colistin Css,avg on the effectiveness and safety of IV colistin therapy in critically ill patients. Overall, 153 critically ill patients (71% males) receiving IV colistin were retrospectively analyzed. The desired target colistin Css,avg was estimated based on the daily colistin dose and creatinine clearance of each patient. No significant predictor for clinical cure was identified. However, microbiological outcome was significantly associated with pneumonia compared to bacteremia (odds ratio [OR] 0.092, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.033-0.251], P < 0.001) and the use of IV colistin loading dose (OR 2.783, 95% CI [1.126-6.880], P = 0.027). Colistin-associated nephrotoxicity was significantly less likely to occur in patients who received inhaled colistin close to the time of IV colistin therapy (OR 0.331, CI [0.119-0.925], P = 0.035). The desired target Css,avg of colistin was not associated with treatment outcomes or the risk of nephrotoxicity. Loading dose and inhaled colistin use near the time of IV colistin therapy may be considered to maximize therapeutic effectiveness and minimize the risk of colistin-associated nephrotoxicity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmi Jung
- Graduate School of Clinical Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.,Division of Pharmacy, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sun Jun
- Division of Life & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sun Son
- Division of Pharmacy, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sandy Jeong Rhie
- Graduate School of Clinical Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea. .,College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Life & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea.
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162
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Polymyxin Acute Kidney Injury: Dosing and Other Strategies to Reduce Toxicity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8010024. [PMID: 30875778 PMCID: PMC6466603 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymyxins are valuable antimicrobials for the management of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria; however, nephrotoxicity associated with these drugs is a very common side effect that occurs during treatment. This article briefly reviews nephrotoxic mechanisms and risk factors for polymyxin-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) and discusses dosing strategies that may mitigate kidney damage without compromising antimicrobial activity. Polymyxins have a very narrow therapeutic window and patients requiring treatment with these drugs are frequently severely ill and have multiple comorbidities, which increases the risk of AKI. Notably, there is a significant overlap between therapeutic and toxic plasma polymyxin concentrations that substantially complicates dose selection. Recent dosing protocols for both colistin and polymyxin B have been developed and may help fine tune dose adjustment of these antibiotics. Minimizing exposure to modifiable risk factors, such as other nephrotoxic agents, is strongly recommended. The dose should be carefully selected, particularly in high-risk patients. The administration of oxidative stress-reducing drugs is a promising strategy to ameliorate polymyxin-associated AKI, but still requires support from clinical studies.
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163
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Muntean D, Licker M, Horhat F, Dumitrașcu V, Săndesc D, Bedreag O, Dugăeșescu D, Coșniță DA, Krasta A, Bădițoiu L. Extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Proteeae association in a Romanian intensive care unit: risk factors for acquisition. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 11:2187-2197. [PMID: 30519056 PMCID: PMC6233948 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s171288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) and XDR Proteeae association in the largest intensive care unit (ICU) in Western Romania. Materials and methods This retrospective case-controlled study was conducted between January 2016 and December 2016 in the ICU of the “Pius Brînzeu” County Emergency Clinical Hospital of Timi oara. Data were collected, in strict confidentiality, from the electronic database of the Microbiology Laboratory and the hospital’s electronic medical records. Risk factors were ș investigated by logistic regression. Independent variables with P≤0.05 and OR >1 (95% CI >1) in the univariate analysis were entered into multivariate sequenced analysis. Findings The incidence density of coinfection with XDR AB and XDR Proteeae was 5.31 cases per 1,000 patient-days. Independent risk factors for the association of XDR AB and XDR Proteeae were represented by the presence of tracheostomy and naso-/orogastric nutrition ≥ 8 days. In addition, pressure ulcers were independent predictive factors for infections with all three infection types. Previous antibiotic therapy was an independent risk factor for the acquisition of XDR-AB strains, alone or in association, while the prolonged hospitalization in the ICU, blood transfusion, and hemodialysis appear as independent risk factors for single infections. Conclusion This association of XDR AB and XDR Proteeae may well not be limited to our hospital or our geographical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Muntean
- Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania, .,Pius Brînzeu Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Timisoara, Romania,
| | - Monica Licker
- Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania, .,Pius Brînzeu Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Timisoara, Romania,
| | - Florin Horhat
- Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania,
| | - Victor Dumitrașcu
- Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania,
| | - Dorel Săndesc
- Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania, .,Pius Brînzeu Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Timisoara, Romania,
| | - Ovidiu Bedreag
- Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania, .,Pius Brînzeu Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Timisoara, Romania,
| | - Dorina Dugăeșescu
- Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania,
| | - Dan A Coșniță
- Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania,
| | - Anca Krasta
- Pius Brînzeu Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Timisoara, Romania,
| | - Luminița Bădițoiu
- Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania,
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Chen H, Liu C, Liu J, Tang Y, Zhang X. Mixed effects of restriction strategies in antimicrobial stewardship programs on antimicrobial use in 121 tertiary hospitals in China, 2013-2017. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2018; 19:483-489. [PMID: 30418035 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2018.1547635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: The research evaluated the impact of intravenous antimicrobial restriction strategy (IARS) on different types of hospitals in China for evidence-based management, for outpatients implemented in 2016. Methods: Based on panel data on antimicrobial use in 121 tertiary hospitals in Zhejiang, China, segmented regression analysis was used to evaluate the impact of IARS in children's hospitals (CHs), obstetrics and gynecology hospitals (OGHs), women's and children's hospitals (WCHs), traditional Chinese medicine hospitals (TCMHs) and general hospitals (GHs). Antimicrobial use was measured using the percentage of total encounters with prescribing and the percentage of total drug expenditure relating to antimicrobials (APP and AEP). Results: There was a downward baseline slope of APP in all types of hospitals and AEP in WCHs, TCMHs and GHs (P < 0.01). After IARS, a level reduction in AEP in CHs (-3.14%, 95% CI = -6.21 to 0.06), WCHs (-1.33%, 95% CI = -2.44 to 0.22) and TCMHs (-0.85%, 95%CI = -1.51 to 0.18). After IARS, the slope of AEP changed significantly in OGHs (-0.42%, 95%CI = -0.81 to 0.03) and WCHs (0.29%, 95% CI = 0.08 to 0.49), and the slope of APP changed significantly in CHs (2.35%, 95%CI = 1.20 to 3.49). Conclusions: IARS had the mixed effects including positive effect in AEP and no significant change in APP, and an unexpected rise in APP in CHs needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Chen
- a School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , Hubei Province , China
| | - Chenxi Liu
- a School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , Hubei Province , China
| | - Junjie Liu
- a School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , Hubei Province , China
| | - Yuqing Tang
- a School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , Hubei Province , China
| | - Xinping Zhang
- a School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , Hubei Province , China
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Cheng IL, Chen YH, Lai CC, Tang HJ. Intravenous Colistin Monotherapy versus Combination Therapy against Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Infections: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7080208. [PMID: 30103414 PMCID: PMC6111980 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7080208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This meta-analysis aims to compare intravenous colistin monotherapy and colistin-based combination therapy against carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria (GNB) infections. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched up to July 2018. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating colistin alone and colistin-based combination therapy in the treatment of carbapenem-resistant GNB infections were included. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Five RCTs including 791 patients were included. Overall, colistin monotherapy was associated with a risk ratio (RR) of 1.03 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.89–1.20, I2 = 0%) for all-cause mortality compared with colistin-based combination therapy. The non-significant difference was also detected in infection-related mortality (RR, 1.23, 95% CI, 0.91–1.67, I2 = 0%) and microbiologic response (RR, 0.86, 95% CI, 0.72–1.04, I2 = 62%). In addition, no significant difference was observed in the subgroup analysis—high or low dose, with or without a loading dose, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections, and in combination with rifampicin. Finally, colistin monotherapy was not associated with lower nephrotoxicity than colistin combination therapy (RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.84–1.21, I2 = 0%). Based on the analysis of the five RCTs, no differences were found between colistin monotherapy and colistin-based combination therapy against carbapenem-resistant GNB infections, especially for A. baumannii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ling Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hung Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Cheng Lai
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Jen Tang
- Department of Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan.
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