151
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Xu Y, Zhou M, Wang X, Wang C, Liang L, Grote F, Wu M, Mi Y, Lei Y. Enhancement of Sodium Ion Battery Performance Enabled by Oxygen Vacancies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:8768-71. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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152
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Young MJ, Musgrave CB, George SM. Growth and Characterization of Al2O3 Atomic Layer Deposition Films on sp(2)-Graphitic Carbon Substrates Using NO2/Trimethylaluminum Pretreatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:12030-7. [PMID: 25965097 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The growth of Al2O3 films by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on model sp(2)-graphitic carbon substrates was evaluated following a nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and trimethylaluminum (TMA) pretreatment to deposit an Al2O3 adhesion layer. Al2O3 ALD using TMA and water (H2O) as the reactants was used to grow Al2O3 films on exfoliated highly ordered pyrolitic graphite (HOPG) at 150 °C with and without the pretreatment procedure consisting of five NO2/TMA cycles. The Al2O3 films on HOPG substrates were evaluated using spectroscopic ellipsometry and electrochemical analysis to determine film thickness and quality. These experiments revealed that five NO2/TMA cycles at 150 °C deposited an Al2O3 adhesion layer with a thickness of 5.7 ± 3.6 Å on the HOPG substrate. A larger number of NO2/TMA cycles at 150 °C deposited thicker Al2O3 films until reaching a limiting thickness of ∼80 Å. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements revealed that five cycles of NO2/TMA pretreatment enabled the growth of high quality insulating Al2O3 films with high charge-transfer resistance after only 20 TMA/H2O Al2O3 ALD cycles. In contrast, with no NO2/TMA pretreatment, EIS measurements indicated that 100 TMA/H2O Al2O3 ALD cycles were necessary to produce an insulating Al2O3 film with high charge-transfer resistance. Al2O3 films grown after the NO2/TMA pretreatment at 150 °C were also demonstrated to have better resistance to dissolution in an aqueous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias J Young
- †Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Charles B Musgrave
- †Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Steven M George
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- §Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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153
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Kang J, Han B. First-Principles Study on the Thermal Stability of LiNiO2 Materials Coated by Amorphous Al2O3 with Atomic Layer Thickness. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:11599-11603. [PMID: 25980957 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Using first-principles calculations, we study how to enhance thermal stability of high Ni compositional cathodes in Li-ion battery application. Using the archetype material LiNiO2 (LNO), we identify that ultrathin coating of Al2O3 (0001) on LNO(012) surface, which is the Li de-/intercalation channel, substantially improves the instability problem. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the Al2O3 deposits show phase transition from the corundum-type crystalline (c-Al2O3) to amorphous (a-Al2O3) structures as the number of coating layers reaches three. Ab initio molecular dynamic simulations on the LNO(012) surface coated by a-Al2O3 (about 0.88 nm) with three atomic layers oxygen gas evolution is strongly suppressed at T=400 K. We find that the underlying mechanism is the strong contacting force at the interface between LNO(012) and Al2O3 deposits, which, in turn, originated from highly ionic chemical bonding of Al and O at the interface. Furthermore, we identify that thermodynamic stability of the a-Al2O3 is even more enhanced with Li in the layer, implying that the protection for the LNO(012) surface by the coating layer is meaningful over the charging process. Our approach contributes to the design of innovative cathode materials with not only high-energy capacity but also long-term thermal and electrochemical stability applicable for a variety of electrochemical energy devices including Li-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonhee Kang
- †Department of Energy Systems Engineering, DGIST, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungchan Han
- ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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154
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Guan C, Liu J, Wang Y, Mao L, Fan Z, Shen Z, Zhang H, Wang J. Iron oxide-decorated carbon for supercapacitor anodes with ultrahigh energy density and outstanding cycling stability. ACS NANO 2015; 9:5198-207. [PMID: 25868870 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Supercapacitor with ultrahigh energy density (e.g., comparable with those of rechargeable batteries) and long cycling ability (>50000 cycles) is attractive for the next-generation energy storage devices. The energy density of carbonaceous material electrodes can be effectively improved by combining with certain metal oxides/hydroxides, but many at the expenses of power density and long-time cycling stability. To achieve an optimized overall electrochemical performance, rationally designed electrode structures with proper control in metal oxide/carbon are highly desirable. Here we have successfully realized an ultrahigh-energy and long-life supercapacitor anode by developing a hierarchical graphite foam-carbon nanotube framework and coating the surface with a thin layer of iron oxide (GF-CNT@Fe2O3). The full cell of anode based on this structure gives rise to a high energy of ∼74.7 Wh/kg at a power of ∼1400 W/kg, and ∼95.4% of the capacitance can be retained after 50000 cycles of charge-discharge. These performance features are superior among those reported for metal oxide based supercapacitors, making it a promising candidate for the next generation of high-performance electrochemical energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Guan
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117574 Singapore
| | - Jilei Liu
- ‡School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Yadong Wang
- §School of Engineering, Nanyang Polytechnic, 569830 Singapore
| | - Lu Mao
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117574 Singapore
| | - Zhanxi Fan
- ⊥School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Zexiang Shen
- ‡School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Hua Zhang
- ⊥School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - John Wang
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117574 Singapore
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155
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Xiao B, Liu J, Sun Q, Wang B, Banis MN, Zhao D, Wang Z, Li R, Cui X, Sham TK, Sun X. Unravelling the Role of Electrochemically Active FePO 4 Coating by Atomic Layer Deposition for Increased High-Voltage Stability of LiNi 0.5Mn 1.5O 4 Cathode Material. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2015; 2:1500022. [PMID: 27980938 PMCID: PMC5115369 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin amorphous FePO4 coating derived by atomic layer deposition (ALD) is used to coat the 5 V LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode material powders, which dramatically increases the capacity retention of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4. It is believed that the amorphous FePO4 layer could act as a lithium-ions reservoir and electrochemically active buffer layer during the charge/discharge cycling, helping achieve high capacities in LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, especially at high current densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biwei Xiao
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Western Ontario London ON Canada N6A 5B9
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Western Ontario London ON Canada N6A 5B9
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Western Ontario London ON Canada N6A 5B9
| | - Biqiong Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Western Ontario London ON Canada N6A 5B9; Department of Chemistry University of Western Ontario London ON Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Mohammad Norouzi Banis
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Western Ontario London ON Canada N6A 5B9
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry University of Western Ontario London ON Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry University of Western Ontario London ON Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Ruying Li
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Western Ontario London ON Canada N6A 5B9
| | - Xiaoyu Cui
- Canadian Light Source Saskatoon SK Canada S7N 2V3
| | - Tsun-Kong Sham
- Department of Chemistry University of Western Ontario London ON Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Xueliang Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Western Ontario London ON Canada N6A 5B9
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156
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Wu F, Tian J, Su Y, Wang J, Zhang C, Bao L, He T, Li J, Chen S. Effect of Ni(2+) content on lithium/nickel disorder for Ni-rich cathode materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:7702-7708. [PMID: 25811905 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Li excess LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 was produced by sintering the Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2 precursor with different amounts of a lithium source. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that a greater excess of Li(+) leads to an increase in the number of Ni(2+) ions. Interestingly, the level of Li(+)/Ni(2+) disordering decreases with an increase in Ni(2+) content determined by the I003/I104 ratio in the X-ray diffraction patterns. The electrochemical measurement shows that the cycling stability and rate capability improve with an increase in Ni(2+) content. After cycling, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows decreased charge transfer resistance, and the XRD patterns exhibit an increased I003/I104 ratio with an increase in Ni(2+) content, reflecting the decrease in the level of Li(+)/Ni(2+) disorder during cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wu
- †Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- ‡National Development Center of High Technology Green Materials, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jun Tian
- †Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuefeng Su
- †Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- ‡National Development Center of High Technology Green Materials, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Wang
- †Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- ‡National Development Center of High Technology Green Materials, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cunzhong Zhang
- †Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- ‡National Development Center of High Technology Green Materials, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liying Bao
- †Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- ‡National Development Center of High Technology Green Materials, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tao He
- †Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinghui Li
- †Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shi Chen
- †Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- ‡National Development Center of High Technology Green Materials, Beijing 100081, China
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157
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Wang H, Hu P, Yang J, Gong G, Guo L, Chen X. Renewable-juglone-based high-performance sodium-ion batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:2348-54. [PMID: 25728939 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201405904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A renewable-biomolecule-based electrode is developed through a facile synchronous reduction and self-assembly process, without any binder or additional conductive agent. The hybridized electrodes can be fabricated with arbitrary size and shape and exhibit superior capacity and cycle performance. The renewable-biomaterial-based high-performance electrodes will hold a place in future energy-storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
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158
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159
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Liu J, Xiao B, Banis MN, Li R, Sham TK, Sun X. Atomic layer deposition of amorphous iron phosphates on carbon nanotubes as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.12.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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160
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Wu N, Yang ZZ, Yao HR, Yin YX, Gu L, Guo YG. Improving the Electrochemical Performance of the Li4Ti5O12Electrode in a Rechargeable Magnesium Battery by Lithium-Magnesium Co-Intercalation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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161
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Wu N, Yang ZZ, Yao HR, Yin YX, Gu L, Guo YG. Improving the Electrochemical Performance of the Li4Ti5O12Electrode in a Rechargeable Magnesium Battery by Lithium-Magnesium Co-Intercalation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:5757-61. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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162
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Yu M, Wang A, Tian F, Song H, Wang Y, Li C, Hong JD, Shi G. Dual-protection of a graphene-sulfur composite by a compact graphene skin and an atomic layer deposited oxide coating for a lithium-sulfur battery. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:5292-5298. [PMID: 25721407 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr00166h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-sulfur composite aerogel with a compact self-assembled rGO skin was further modified by an atomic layer deposition (ALD) of ZnO or MgO layer, and used as a free-standing electrode material of a lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery. The rGO skin and ALD-oxide coating worked as natural and artificial barriers to constrain the polysulfides within the cathode region. As a result, the Li-S battery based on this electrode material exhibited superior cycling stability, good rate capability and high coulombic efficiency. Furthermore, ALD-ZnO coating was tested for performance improvement and found to be more effective than ALD-MgO coating. The ZnO modified G-S electrode with 55 wt% sulfur loading delivered a maximum discharge capacity of 998 mA h g(-1) at a current density of 0.2 C. A high capacity of 846 mA h g(-1) was achieved after charging/discharging for 100 cycles with a coulombic efficiency of over 92%. In the case of using LiNO3 as a shuttle inhibitor, this electrode showed an initial discharge capacity of 796 mA h g(-1) and a capacity retention of 81% after 250 cycles at a current density of 1 C with an average coulombic efficiency higher than 99.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingpeng Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
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163
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Kim H, Kim MG, Jeong HY, Nam H, Cho J. A new coating method for alleviating surface degradation of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode material: nanoscale surface treatment of primary particles. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:2111-9. [PMID: 25668708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Structural degradation of Ni-rich cathode materials (LiNi(x)M(1-x)O2; M = Mn, Co, and Al; x > 0.5) during cycling at both high voltage (>4.3 V) and high temperature (>50 °C) led to the continuous generation of microcracks in a secondary particle that consisted of aggregated micrometer-sized primary particles. These microcracks caused deterioration of the electrochemical properties by disconnecting the electrical pathway between the primary particles and creating thermal instability owing to oxygen evolution during phase transformation. Here, we report a new concept to overcome those problems of the Ni-rich cathode material via nanoscale surface treatment of the primary particles. The resultant primary particles' surfaces had a higher cobalt content and a cation-mixing phase (Fm3̅m) with nanoscale thickness in the LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode, leading to mitigation of the microcracks by suppressing the structural change from a layered to rock-salt phase. Furthermore, the higher oxidation state of Mn(4+) at the surface minimized the oxygen evolution at high temperatures. This approach resulted in improved structural and thermal stability in the severe cycling-test environment at 60 °C between 3.0 and 4.45 V and at elevated temperatures, showing a rate capability that was comparable to that of the pristine sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejung Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , 689-798, Ulsan, South Korea
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164
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Guan C, Qian X, Wang X, Cao Y, Zhang Q, Li A, Wang J. Atomic layer deposition of Co3O4 on carbon nanotubes/carbon cloth for high-capacitance and ultrastable supercapacitor electrode. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:094001. [PMID: 25665549 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/9/094001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Co3O4 nanolayers have been successfully deposited on a flexible carbon nanotubes/carbon cloth (CC) substrate by atomic layer deposition. Much improved capacitance and ultra-long cycling life are achieved when the CNTs@Co3O4/CC is tested as a supercapacitor electrode. The improvement can be from the mechanically robust CC/CNTs substrate, the uniform coated high capacitance materials of Co3O4 nanoparticles, and the unique hierarchical structure. The flexible electrode of CNTs@Co3O4/CC with high areal capacitance and excellent cycling ability promises great potential for developing high-performance flexible supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Guan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
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165
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Zhang X, Hou Y, He W, Yang G, Cui J, Liu S, Song X, Huang Z. Fabricating high performance lithium-ion batteries using bionanotechnology. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:3356-3372. [PMID: 25640923 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06815g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Designing, fabricating, and integrating nanomaterials are key to transferring nanoscale science into applicable nanotechnology. Many nanomaterials including amorphous and crystal structures are synthesized via biomineralization in biological systems. Amongst various techniques, bionanotechnology is an effective strategy to manufacture a variety of sophisticated inorganic nanomaterials with precise control over their chemical composition, crystal structure, and shape by means of genetic engineering and natural bioassemblies. This provides opportunities to use renewable natural resources to develop high performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). For LIBs, reducing the sizes and dimensions of electrode materials can boost Li(+) ion and electron transfer in nanostructured electrodes. Recently, bionanotechnology has attracted great interest as a novel tool and approach, and a number of renewable biotemplate-based nanomaterials have been fabricated and used in LIBs. In this article, recent advances and mechanism studies in using bionanotechnology for high performance LIBs studies are thoroughly reviewed, covering two technical routes: (1) Designing and synthesizing composite cathodes, e.g. LiFePO4/C, Li3V2(PO4)3/C and LiMn2O4/C; and (2) designing and synthesizing composite anodes, e.g. NiO/C, Co3O4/C, MnO/C, α-Fe2O3 and nano-Si. This review will hopefully stimulate more extensive and insightful studies on using bionanotechnology for developing high-performance LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhang
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China.
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166
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Ye J, Baumgaertel AC, Wang YM, Biener J, Biener MM. Structural optimization of 3D porous electrodes for high-rate performance lithium ion batteries. ACS NANO 2015; 9:2194-2202. [PMID: 25491650 DOI: 10.1021/nn505490u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Much progress has recently been made in the development of active materials, electrode morphologies and electrolytes for lithium ion batteries. Well-defined studies on size effects of the three-dimensional (3D) electrode architecture, however, remain to be rare due to the lack of suitable material platforms where the critical length scales (such as pore size and thickness of the active material) can be freely and deterministically adjusted over a wide range without affecting the overall 3D morphology of the electrode. Here, we report on a systematic study on length scale effects on the electrochemical performance of model 3D np-Au/TiO2 core/shell electrodes. Bulk nanoporous gold provides deterministic control over the pore size and is used as a monolithic metallic scaffold and current collector. Extremely uniform and conformal TiO2 films of controlled thickness were deposited on the current collector by employing atomic layer deposition (ALD). Our experiments demonstrate profound performance improvements by matching the Li(+) diffusivity in the electrolyte and the solid state through adjusting pore size and thickness of the active coating which, for 200 μm thick porous electrodes, requires the presence of 100 nm pores. Decreasing the thickness of the TiO2 coating generally improves the power performance of the electrode by reducing the Li(+) diffusion pathway, enhancing the Li(+) solid solubility, and minimizing the voltage drop across the electrode/electrolyte interface. With the use of the optimized electrode morphology, supercapacitor-like power performance with lithium-ion-battery energy densities was realized. Our results provide the much-needed fundamental insight for the rational design of the 3D architecture of lithium ion battery electrodes with improved power performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Ye
- Nanoscale Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
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167
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Dasgupta NP, Meng X, Elam JW, Martinson ABF. Atomic layer deposition of metal sulfide materials. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:341-8. [PMID: 25581295 DOI: 10.1021/ar500360d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
CONSPECTUS: The field of nanoscience is delivering increasingly intricate yet elegant geometric structures incorporating an ever-expanding palette of materials. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a powerful driver of this field, providing exceptionally conformal coatings spanning the periodic table and atomic-scale precision independent of substrate geometry. This versatility is intrinsic to ALD and results from sequential and self-limiting surface reactions. This characteristic facilitates digital synthesis, in which the film grows linearly with the number of reaction cycles. While the majority of ALD processes identified to date produce metal oxides, novel applications in areas such as energy storage, catalysis, and nanophotonics are motivating interest in sulfide materials. Recent progress in ALD of sulfides has expanded the diversity of accessible materials as well as a more complete understanding of the unique chalcogenide surface chemistry. ALD of sulfide materials typically uses metalorganic precursors and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). As in oxide ALD, the precursor chemistry is critical to controlling both the film growth and properties including roughness, crystallinity, and impurity levels. By modification of the precursor sequence, multicomponent sulfides have been deposited, although challenges remain because of the higher propensity for cation exchange reactions, greater diffusion rates, and unintentional annealing of this more labile class of materials. A deeper understanding of these surface chemical reactions has been achieved through a combination of in situ studies and quantum-chemical calculations. As this understanding matures, so does our ability to deterministically tailor film properties to new applications and more sophisticated devices. This Account highlights the attributes of ALD chemistry that are unique to metal sulfides and surveys recent applications of these materials in photovoltaics, energy storage, and photonics. Within each application space, the benefits and challenges of novel ALD processes are emphasized and common trends are summarized. We conclude with a perspective on potential future directions for metal chalcogenide ALD as well as untapped opportunities. Finally, we consider challenges that must be addressed prior to implementing ALD metal sulfides into future device architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil P. Dasgupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 41809, United States
| | - Xiangbo Meng
- Energy Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jeffrey W. Elam
- Energy Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Alex B. F. Martinson
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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168
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Niu W, Li X, Karuturi SK, Fam DW, Fan H, Shrestha S, Wong LH, Tok AIY. Applications of atomic layer deposition in solar cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:064001. [PMID: 25604730 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/6/064001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) provides a unique tool for the growth of thin films with excellent conformity and thickness control down to atomic levels. The application of ALD in energy research has received increasing attention in recent years. In this review, the versatility of ALD in solar cells will be discussed. This is specifically focused on the fabrication of nanostructured photoelectrodes, surface passivation, surface sensitization, and band-structure engineering of solar cell materials. Challenges and future directions of ALD in the applications of solar cells are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Niu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
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169
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Hong K, Cho M, Kim SO. Atomic layer deposition encapsulated activated carbon electrodes for high voltage stable supercapacitors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:1899-1906. [PMID: 25548826 DOI: 10.1021/am507673j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Operating voltage enhancement is an effective route for high energy density supercapacitors. Unfortunately, widely used activated carbon electrode generally suffers from poor electrochemical stability over 2.5 V. Here we present atomic layer deposition (ALD) encapsulation of activated carbons for high voltage stable supercapacitors. Two-nanometer-thick Al2O3 dielectric layers are conformally coated at activated carbon surface by ALD, well-maintaining microporous morphology. Resultant electrodes exhibit excellent stability at 3 V operation with 39% energy density enhancement from 2.5 V operation. Because of the protection of surface functional groups and reduction of electrolyte degradation, 74% of initial voltage was maintained 50 h after full charge, and 88% of capacitance was retained after 5000 cycles at 70 °C accelerated test, which correspond to 31 and 17% improvements from bare activated carbon, respectively. This ALD-based surface modification offers a general method to enhance electrochemical stability of carbon materials for diverse energy and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kijoo Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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170
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Wang KX, Li XH, Chen JS. Surface and interface engineering of electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:527-45. [PMID: 25355133 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201402962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries are regarded as promising energy storage devices for next-generation electric and hybrid electric vehicles. In order to meet the demands of electric vehicles, considerable efforts have been devoted to the development of advanced electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries with high energy and power densities. Although significant progress has been recently made in the development of novel electrode materials, some critical issues comprising low electronic conductivity, low ionic diffusion efficiency, and large structural variation have to be addressed before the practical application of these materials. Surface and interface engineering is essential to improve the electrochemical performance of electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. This article reviews the recent progress in surface and interface engineering of electrode materials including the increase in contact interface by decreasing the particle size or introducing porous or hierarchical structures and surface modification or functionalization by metal nanoparticles, metal oxides, carbon materials, polymers, and other ionic and electronic conductive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Xue Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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171
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Liu J, Sun X. Elegant design of electrode and electrode/electrolyte interface in lithium-ion batteries by atomic layer deposition. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:024001. [PMID: 25514580 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/2/024001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are very promising power supply systems for a variety of applications, such as electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, grid energy storage, and microelectronics. However, to realize these practical applications, many challenges need to be addressed in LIBs, such as power and energy density, cycling lifetime, safety, and cost. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is emerging as a powerful technique for solving these problems due to its exclusive advantages over other film deposition counterparts. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art progresses of employing ALD to design novel nanostructured electrode materials and solid-state electrolytes and to tailor electrode/electrolyte interface by surface coatings in order to prevent unfavorable side reactions and achieve optimal performance of the electrode. Insights into the future research and development of the ALD technique for LIB applications are also discussed. We expect that this review article will provide resourceful information to researchers in both fields of LIBs and ALD and also will stimulate more insightful studies of using ALD for the development of next-generation LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B9
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172
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Meng X. Towards high-energy and durable lithium-ion batteries via atomic layer deposition: elegantly atomic-scale material design and surface modification. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:020501. [PMID: 25514439 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/2/020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Targeted at fueling future transportation and sustaining smart grids, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are undergoing intensive investigation for improved durability and energy density. Atomic layer deposition (ALD), enabling uniform and conformal nanofilms, has recently made possible many new advances for superior LIBs. The progress was summarized by Liu and Sun in their latest review [1], offering many insightful views, covering the design of nanostructured battery components (i.e., electrodes and solid electrolytes), and nanoscale modification of electrode/electrolyte interfaces. This work well informs peers of interesting research conducted and it will also further help boost the applications of ALD in next-generation LIBs and other advanced battery technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbo Meng
- Energy Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
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173
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Mao F, Guo W, Ma J. Research progress on design strategies, synthesis and performance of LiMn2O4-based cathodes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21777f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we review recent progress in structural design, designing composites with graphene/carbon nanotubes, crystalline doping, and coatings for improving the electrochemical performance of LiMn2O4-based cathode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxin Mao
- Key Laboratory for Micro-/Nano-Optoelectronic Devices of the Ministry of Education
- School of Physics and Electronics
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anyang Normal University
- Anyang 455000
- China
| | - Jianmin Ma
- Key Laboratory for Micro-/Nano-Optoelectronic Devices of the Ministry of Education
- School of Physics and Electronics
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
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174
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Wu B, Zhang S, Yao F, Zhang F, Xu S. Synergistic lithium storage of a multi-component Co2SnO4/Co3O4/Al2O3/C composite from a single-source precursor. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09607c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Co2SnO4/Co3O4/Al2O3/C composite is prepared from a laurate anion-intercalated CoAlSn-layered double hydroxide single-source precursor, and delivers highly enhanced electrochemical performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Shilin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Feng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Fazhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Sailong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
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175
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Wang B, Liu J, Sun Q, Li R, Sham TK, Sun X. Atomic layer deposition of lithium phosphates as solid-state electrolytes for all-solid-state microbatteries. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:504007. [PMID: 25431957 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/50/504007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has been shown as a powerful technique to build three-dimensional (3D) all-solid-state microbattery, because of its unique advantages in fabricating uniform and pinhole-free thin films in 3D structures. The development of solid-state electrolyte by ALD is a crucial step to achieve the fabrication of 3D all-solid-state microbattery by ALD. In this work, lithium phosphate solid-state electrolytes were grown by ALD at four different temperatures (250, 275, 300, and 325 °C) using two precursors (lithium tert-butoxide and trimethylphosphate). A linear dependence of film thickness on ALD cycle number was observed and uniform growth was achieved at all four temperatures. The growth rate was 0.57, 0.66, 0.69, and 0.72 Å/cycle at deposition temperatures of 250, 275, 300, and 325 °C, respectively. Furthermore, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the compositions and chemical structures of lithium phosphates deposited by ALD. Moreover, the lithium phosphate thin films deposited at 300 °C presented the highest ionic conductivity of 1.73 × 10(-8) S cm(-1) at 323 K with ~ 0.51 eV activation energy based on the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The ionic conductivity was calculated to be 3.3 × 10(-8) S cm(-1) at 26 °C (299 K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Biqiong Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
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176
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Braun PV, Nuzzo RG. Batteries: Knowing when small is better. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 9:962-963. [PMID: 25383511 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2014.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Braun
- Fredrick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Ralph G Nuzzo
- Fredrick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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177
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Guan C, Li X, Yu H, Mao L, Wong LH, Yan Q, Wang J. A novel hollowed CoO-in-CoSnO₃ nanostructure with enhanced lithium storage capabilities. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:13824-30. [PMID: 25298077 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04505j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The search for well-defined porous/hollowed metal oxide nanocomposites for high performance energy storage is promising. Herein, atomic layer deposition (ALD) has been utilized for the construction of a novel hollowed wire-in-tube nanostructure of CoO-in-CoSnO3, for which Co2(OH)2CO3 nanowires are first obtained by a hydrothermal method and then deposited with ALD SnO2. After a proper thermal treatment, a CoO wire-void-CoSnO3 tube was formed with the decomposition of Co2(OH)2CO3 and its simultaneous reaction with the outer SnO2 layer. In this unique wire-in-tube structure, both CoO and CoSnO3 are promising materials for lithium ion battery anodes with high theoretical capacities, and the porous + hollow feature is essential for better electrode/electrolyte contact, shorter ion diffusion path and better structure stability. After a further facile carbon coating, the hollowed wire-in-tube structure delivered an improved capacity of 1162.1 mA h g(-1), which is much higher than that of the bare CoO nanowire. Enhanced rate capability and cycling stability have also been demonstrated with the structure, showing its promising application for the anode material of lithium ion battery. The work also demonstrated an effective way of using ALD SnO2 for electrochemical energy storage that ALD SnO2 plays a key role in the structure formation and also serves as both active material and surface coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Guan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117574 Singapore, Singapore.
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178
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Nandi DK, Sen UK, Choudhury D, Mitra S, Sarkar SK. Atomic Layer Deposited MoS 2 as a Carbon and Binder Free Anode in Li-ion Battery. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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179
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Kim JW, Kim B, Park SW, Kim W, Shim JH. Atomic layer deposition of ruthenium on plasma-treated vertically aligned carbon nanotubes for high-performance ultracapacitors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:435404. [PMID: 25299427 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/43/435404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
It is challenging to realize a conformal metal coating by atomic layer deposition (ALD) because of the high surface energy of metals. In this study, ALD of ruthenium (Ru) on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was carried out. To activate the surface of CNTs that lack surface functional groups essential for ALD, oxygen plasma was applied ex situ before ALD. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy confirmed surface activation of CNTs by the plasma pretreatment. Transmission electron microscopy analysis with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy composition mapping showed that ALD Ru grew conformally along CNTs walls. ALD Ru/CNTs were electrochemically oxidized to ruthenium oxide (RuOx) that can be a potentially useful candidate for use in the electrodes of ultracapacitors. Electrode performance of RuOx/CNTs was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Woo Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Korea
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180
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Meng X, Comstock DJ, Fister TT, Elam JW. Vapor-phase atomic-controllable growth of amorphous Li2S for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries. ACS NANO 2014; 8:10963-72. [PMID: 25321606 DOI: 10.1021/nn505480w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries hold great promise to meet the formidable energy storage requirements of future electrical vehicles but are prohibited from practical implementation by their severe capacity fading and the risks imposed by Li metal anodes. Nanoscale Li(2)S offers the possibility to overcome these challenges, but no synthetic technique exists for fine-tailoring Li(2)S at the nanoscale. Herein we report a vapor-phase atomic layer deposition (ALD) method for the atomic-scale-controllable synthesis of Li(2)S. Besides a comprehensive investigation of the ALD Li(2)S growth mechanism, we further describe the high performance of the resulting amorphous Li(2)S nanofilms as cathodes in Li-S batteries, achieving a stable capacity of ∼ 800 mA · h/g, nearly 100% Coulombic efficiency, and excellent rate capability. Nanoscale Li(2)S holds great potential for both bulk-type and thin-film high-energy Li-S batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbo Meng
- Energy Systems Division and ‡Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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181
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Liu J, Banis MN, Sun Q, Lushington A, Li R, Sham TK, Sun X. Rational design of atomic-layer-deposited LiFePO4 as a high-performance cathode for lithium-ion batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:6472-7. [PMID: 25042375 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201401805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Atomic layer deposition is successfully applied to synthesize lithium iron phosphate in a layer-by-layer manner by using self-limiting surface reactions. The lithium iron phosphate exhibits high power density, excellent rate capability, and ultra-long lifetime, showing great potential for vehicular lithium batteries and 3D all-solid-state microbatteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
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182
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Ryu WH, Jung JW, Park K, Kim SJ, Kim ID. Vine-like MoS2 anode materials self-assembled from 1-D nanofibers for high capacity sodium rechargeable batteries. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:10975-10981. [PMID: 24958669 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr02044h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A tailored conversion-reaction anode material of 1-D MoS2 nanofibers with a vine-like shape composed of MoS2 nanoflakes delivers exceptionally high Na capacity and exhibits excellent rate properties. The improved cycleability of the MoS2 nanofiber electrode is achieved by a uniform TiO2 coating, which effectively minimized the sulfur dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Hee Ryu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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183
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Mai L, Tian X, Xu X, Chang L, Xu L. Nanowire Electrodes for Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices. Chem Rev 2014; 114:11828-62. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500177a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 575] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Mai
- State
Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and
Processing, WUT-Harvard Joint Nano Key Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaocong Tian
- State
Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and
Processing, WUT-Harvard Joint Nano Key Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xu Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and
Processing, WUT-Harvard Joint Nano Key Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liang Chang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931-1295, United States
| | - Lin Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and
Processing, WUT-Harvard Joint Nano Key Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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184
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Yu M, Wang A, Wang Y, Li C, Shi G. An alumina stabilized ZnO-graphene anode for lithium ion batteries via atomic layer deposition. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:11419-24. [PMID: 25148141 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr02576h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) was applied to deposit ZnO on graphene aerogel, and this composite was used as an anode material for lithium ion batteries. This electrode material was further modified by an ultrathin Al2O3 layer via ALD to stabilize its electrochemical stability. These two metal oxides were uniformly immobilized on graphene frameworks, and the Al2O3 coating strongly improved the electrochemical performances of ZnO-graphene aerogel composite anodes. Particularly, the composite with 10 ALD cycles of Al2O3 coating (denoted as ZnO-G-10) exhibited a high initial discharge capacity of 1513 mA h g(-1) and maintained a reversible capacity of 490 mA h g(-1) after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g(-1). Furthermore, the capacity retention rate increased from 70% to 90% in comparison with its uncoated counterpart after 100 cycles. The ZnO-G-10 anode also showed good rate-capability, delivering a discharge capacity of 415 mA h g(-1) at 1000 mA g(-1). The improved electrochemical performance is attributed to the formation of an artificial solid electrolyte interphase layer, stabilizing ZnO and the electrolyte by preventing the aggregation of Zn/ZnO nanograins and the side reaction that would cause the degradation of anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingpeng Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
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185
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Dai X, Wang L, Xu J, Wang Y, Zhou A, Li J. Improved electrochemical performance of LiCoO₂ electrodes with ZnO coating by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:15853-15859. [PMID: 25158228 DOI: 10.1021/am503260s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification of LiCoO2 is an effective method to improve its energy density and elongate its cycle life in an extended operation voltage window. In this study, ZnO was directly coated on as-prepared LiCoO2 composite electrodes via radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. ZnO is not only coated on the electrode as thin film but also diffuses through the whole electrode due to the intrinsic porosity of the composite electrode and the high diffusivity of the deposited species. It was found that ZnO coating can significantly improve the cycling performance and the rate capability of the LiCoO2 electrodes in the voltage range of 3.0-4.5 V. The sample with an optimum coating thickness of 17 nm exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 191 mAh g(-1) at 0.2 C, and the capacity retention is 81% after 200 cycles. It also delivers superior rate performance with a reversible capacity of 106 mAh g(-1) at 10 C. The enhanced cycling performance and rate capability are attributed to the stabilized phase structure and improved lithium ion diffusion coefficient induced by ZnO coating as evidenced by X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Microelectronics and Solid-State Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, China
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186
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Guan C, Wang X, Zhang Q, Fan Z, Zhang H, Fan HJ. Highly stable and reversible lithium storage in SnO2 nanowires surface coated with a uniform hollow shell by atomic layer deposition. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:4852-4858. [PMID: 25057923 DOI: 10.1021/nl502192p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
SnO2 nanowires directly grown on flexible substrates can be a good electrode for a lithium ion battery. However, Sn-based (metal Sn or SnO2) anode materials always suffer from poor stability due to a large volume expansion during cycling. In this work, we utilize atomic layer deposition (ALD) to surface engineer SnO2 nanowires, resulting in a new type of hollowed SnO2-in-TiO2 wire-in-tube nanostructure. This structure has radically improved rate capability and cycling stability compared to both bare SnO2 nanowires and solid SnO2@TiO2 core-shell nanowire electrodes. Typically a relatively stable capacity of 393.3 mAh/g has been achieved after 1000 charge-discharge cycles at a current density of 400 mA/g, and 241.2 mAh/g at 3200 mA/g. It is believed that the uniform hollow TiO2 shell provides stable surface protection and the appropriate-sized gap effectively accommodates the expansion of the interior SnO2 nanowire. This ALD-enabled method should be general to many other battery anode and cathode materials, providing a new and highly reproducible and controllable technique for improving battery performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Guan
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371, Singapore
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187
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Yesibolati N, Shahid M, Chen W, Hedhili MN, Reuter MC, Ross FM, Alshareef HN. SnO2 anode surface passivation by atomic layer deposited HfO2 improves Li-ion battery performance. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:2849-2858. [PMID: 24634208 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201303898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, it is demonstrated that nanoscale HfO2 surface passivation layers formed by atomic layer deposition (ALD) significantly improve the performance of Li ion batteries with SnO2 -based anodes. Specifically, the measured battery capacity at a current density of 150 mAg(-1) after 100 cycles is 548 and 853 mAhg(-1) for the uncoated and HfO2 -coated anodes, respectively. Material analysis reveals that the HfO2 layers are amorphous in nature and conformably coat the SnO2 -based anodes. In addition, the analysis reveals that ALD HfO2 not only protects the SnO2 -based anodes from irreversible reactions with the electrolyte and buffers its volume change, but also chemically interacts with the SnO2 anodes to increase battery capacity, despite the fact that HfO2 is itself electrochemically inactive. The amorphous nature of HfO2 is an important factor in explaining its behavior, as it still allows sufficient Li diffusion for an efficient anode lithiation/delithiation process to occur, leading to higher battery capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nulati Yesibolati
- Material Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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188
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Li X, Lushington A, Liu J, Li R, Sun X. Superior stable sulfur cathodes of Li–S batteries enabled by molecular layer deposition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:9757-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc04097j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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189
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Wang J, Huang G, Mei Y. Modification and Resonance Tuning of Optical Microcavities by Atomic Layer Deposition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cvde.201300054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Department of Materials Science; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 (P. R. China)
| | - Gaoshan Huang
- Department of Materials Science; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 (P. R. China)
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 (P. R. China)
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190
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Ellis BL, Knauth P, Djenizian T. Three-dimensional self-supported metal oxides for advanced energy storage. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:3368-97. [PMID: 24700719 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201306126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The miniaturization of power sources aimed at integration into micro- and nano-electronic devices is a big challenge. To ensure the future development of fully autonomous on-board systems, electrodes based on self-supported 3D nanostructured metal oxides have become increasingly important, and their impact is particularly significant when considering the miniaturization of energy storage systems. This review describes recent advances in the development of self-supported 3D nanostructured metal oxides as electrodes for innovative power sources, particularly Li-ion batteries and electrochemical supercapacitors. Current strategies for the design and morphology control of self-supported electrodes fabricated using template, lithography, anodization and self-organized solution techniques are outlined along with different efforts to improve the storage capacity, rate capability, and cyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Ellis
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, LP3 Laboratory, UMR 7341, 13288, Marseille, France
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191
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Nandi DK, Sen UK, Choudhury D, Mitra S, Sarkar SK. Atomic layer deposited molybdenum nitride thin film: a promising anode material for Li ion batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:6606-6615. [PMID: 24641277 DOI: 10.1021/am500285d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum nitride (MoNx) thin films are deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using molybdenum hexacarbonyl [Mo(CO)6] and ammonia [NH3] at varied temperatures. A relatively narrow ALD temperature window is observed. In situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements reveal the self-limiting growth nature of the deposition that is further verified with ex situ spectroscopic ellipsometry and X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements. A saturated growth rate of 2 Å/cycle at 170 °C is obtained. The deposition chemistry is studied by the in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) that investigates the surface bound reactions during each half cycle. As deposited films are amorphous as observed from X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy electron diffraction (TEM ED) studies, which get converted to hexagonal-MoN upon annealing at 400 °C under NH3 atmosphere. As grown thin films are found to have notable potential as a carbon and binder free anode material in a Li ion battery. Under half-cell configuration, a stable discharge capacity of 700 mAh g(-1) was achieved after 100 charge-discharge cycles, at a current density of 100 μA cm(-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dip K Nandi
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, IIT Bombay , Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
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192
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Piper DM, Travis JJ, Young M, Son SB, Kim SC, Oh KH, George SM, Ban C, Lee SH. Reversible high-capacity Si nanocomposite anodes for lithium-ion batteries enabled by molecular layer deposition. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:1596-1601. [PMID: 24353043 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The molecular-layer deposition of a flexible coating onto Si electrodes produces high-capacity Si nanocomposite anodes. Using a reaction cascade based on inorganic trimethylaluminum and organic glycerol precursors, conventional nano-Si electrodes undergo surface modifications, resulting in anodes that can be cycled over 100 times with capacities of nearly 900 mA h g(-1) and Coulombic efficiencies in excess of 99%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Molina Piper
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA; National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
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193
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Bachmann J. Atomic layer deposition, a unique method for the preparation of energy conversion devices. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 5:245-248. [PMID: 24778945 PMCID: PMC3999862 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Bachmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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194
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Xin S, Yin YX, Guo YG, Wan LJ. A high-energy room-temperature sodium-sulfur battery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:1261-5. [PMID: 24338949 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Employing small sulfur molecules as the active cathode component for room-temperature Na-S batteries, reveals a novel mechanism that is verified for the batteries' electrochemistry. The sulfur cathode enables a complete two-electron reaction to form Na2 S, bringing a tripled specific capacity and an increased specific energy compared with traditional high-temperature Na-S batteries. At the same time, it offers better cycling stability endowing the batteries with a longer lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Xin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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195
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Jackson DHK, Dunn BA, Guan Y, Kuech TF. Tungsten hexacarbonyl and hydrogen peroxide as precursors for the growth of tungsten oxide thin films on titania nanoparticles. AIChE J 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David H. K. Jackson
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI 53706
| | - Bryan A. Dunn
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI 53706
| | - Yingxin Guan
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI 53706
| | - Thomas F. Kuech
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI 53706
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196
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197
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Han X, Liu Y, Jia Z, Chen YC, Wan J, Weadock N, Gaskell KJ, Li T, Hu L. Atomic-layer-deposition oxide nanoglue for sodium ion batteries. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:139-147. [PMID: 24283393 DOI: 10.1021/nl4035626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Atomic-layer-deposition (ALD) coatings have been increasingly used to improve battery performance. However, the electrochemical and mechanistic roles remain largely unclear, especially for ALD coatings on electrodes that undergo significant volume changes (up to 100%) during charging/discharging. Here we investigate an anode consisting of tin nanoparticles (SnNPs) with an ALD-Al2O3 coating. For the first time, in situ transmission electron microscopy unveiled the dynamic mechanical protection of the ALD-Al2O3 coating by coherently deforming with the SnNPs under the huge volume changes during charging/discharging. Battery tests in coin-cells further showed the ALD-Al2O3 coating remarkably boosts the cycling performance of the Sn anodes, comparing with those made of bare SnNPs. Chemomechanical simulations clearly revealed that a bare SnNP debonds and falls off the underlying substrate upon charging, and by contrast the ALD-Al2O3 coating, like ion-conductive nanoglue, robustly anchors the SnNP anode to the substrate during charging/discharging, a key to improving battery cycle performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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198
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Li X, Liu J, Wang B, Banis MN, Xiao B, Li R, Sham TK, Sun X. Nanoscale stabilization of Li–sulfur batteries by atomic layer deposited Al2O3. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04015e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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199
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Huang J, Luo J. A facile and generic method to improve cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries via utilizing nanoscale surface amorphous films of self-regulating thickness. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:7786-98. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00869c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneously-formed surface amorphous films (SAFs) of self-regulating thickness are utilized to improve the performance of cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Huang
- Department of NanoEngineering
- Program of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of California
- La Jolla, USA
| | - Jian Luo
- Department of NanoEngineering
- Program of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of California
- La Jolla, USA
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200
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Travis CD, Adomaitis RA. Modeling alumina atomic layer deposition reaction kinetics during the trimethylaluminum exposure. Theor Chem Acc 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-013-1414-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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