151
|
Popescu MN, Uspal WE, Bechinger C, Fischer P. Chemotaxis of Active Janus Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:5345-5349. [PMID: 30047271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While colloids and molecules in solution exhibit passive Brownian motion, particles that are partially covered with a catalyst, which promotes the transformation of a fuel dissolved in the solution, can actively move. These active Janus particles are known as "chemical nanomotors" or self-propelling "swimmers" and have been realized with a range of catalysts, sizes, and particle geometries. Because their active translation depends on the fuel concentration, one expects that active colloidal particles should also be able to swim toward a fuel source. Synthesizing and engineering nanoparticles with distinct chemotactic properties may enable important developments, such as particles that can autonomously swim along a pH gradient toward a tumor. Chemotaxis requires that the particles possess an active coupling of their orientation to a chemical gradient. In this Perspective we provide a simple, intuitive description of the underlying mechanisms for chemotaxis, as well as the means to analyze and classify active particles that can show positive or negative chemotaxis. The classification provides guidance for engineering a specific response and is a useful organizing framework for the quantitative analysis and modeling of chemotactic behaviors. Chemotaxis is emerging as an important focus area in the field of active colloids and promises a number of fascinating applications for nanoparticles and particle-based delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihail N Popescu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme , Heisenbergstr. 3 , D-70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - William E Uspal
- Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme , Heisenbergstr. 3 , D-70569 Stuttgart , Germany
- IV. Institut für Theoretische Physik , Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 57 , D-70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Clemens Bechinger
- Fachbereich Physik , Universität Konstanz , Universitätsstr. 10 , D-78464 Konstanz , Germany
| | - Peer Fischer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme , Heisenbergstr. 3 , D-70569 Stuttgart , Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie , Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , D-70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
Leeth Holterhoff A, Li M, Gibbs JG. Self-Phoretic Microswimmers Propel at Speeds Dependent upon an Adjacent Surface's Physicochemical Properties. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5023-5028. [PMID: 30122044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Self-phoretic colloids are emerging as critical components of programmable nano- and microscale active matter and may usher in a new area of complex, small-scale machinery. To date, most studies have focused upon active particles confined by gravity to a plane located just above a solid/liquid interface. Despite this ubiquity, little attention has been directed at how the physicochemical qualities of this interface might affect motion. Here, we show that both the chemical and physical properties of the solid, above which motion takes place, significantly influence the behavior of particles propelled by self-generated concentration gradients. More specifically, titania/silica (TiO2/SiO2) photoactive microswimmers move faster when the local osmotic flow over the stationary solid is diminished, which we demonstrate by reducing the magnitude of the surface's zeta potential or by increasing surface roughness. Our results suggest that consideration of surface properties is crucial for modeling self-phoretic active matter while simultaneously offering a new avenue for engineering the kinematic behavior of such systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Leeth Holterhoff
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Northern Arizona University , Flagstaff , Arizona 86011 , United States
| | - Mingyang Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Northern Arizona University , Flagstaff , Arizona 86011 , United States
| | - John G Gibbs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Northern Arizona University , Flagstaff , Arizona 86011 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
153
|
O'Neel-Judy É, Nicholls D, Castañeda J, Gibbs JG. Light-Activated, Multi-Semiconductor Hybrid Microswimmers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1801860. [PMID: 29995334 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201801860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Using a dynamic fabrication process, hybrid, photoactivated microswimmers made from two different semiconductors, titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) and cuprous oxide (Cu2 O) are developed, where each material occupies a distinct portion of the multiconstituent particles. Structured light-activated microswimmers made from only TiO2 or Cu2 O are observed to be driven in hydrogen peroxide and water most vigorously under UV or blue light, respectively, whereas hybrid structures made from both of these materials exhibit wavelength-dependent modes of motion due to the disparate responses of each photocatalyst. It is also found that the hybrid particles are activated in water alone, a behavior which is not observed in those made from a single semiconductor, and thus, the system may open up a new class of fuel-free photoactive colloids that take advantage of semiconductor heterojunctions. The TiO2 /Cu2 O hybrid microswimmer presented here is but an example of a broader method for inducing different modes of motion in a single light-activated particle, which is not limited to the specific geometries and materials presented in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Étude O'Neel-Judy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Dylan Nicholls
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - John Castañeda
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - John G Gibbs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| |
Collapse
|
154
|
Reigh SY, Chuphal P, Thakur S, Kapral R. Diffusiophoretically induced interactions between chemically active and inert particles. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:6043-6057. [PMID: 29978883 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01102h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the presence of a chemically active particle, a nearby chemically inert particle can respond to a concentration gradient and move by diffusiophoresis. The nature of the motion is studied for two cases: first, a fixed reactive sphere and a moving inert sphere, and second, freely moving reactive and inert spheres. The continuum reaction-diffusion and Stokes equations are solved analytically for these systems and microscopic simulations of the dynamics are carried out. Although the relative velocities of the spheres are very similar in the two systems, the local and global structures of streamlines and the flow velocity fields are found to be quite different. For freely moving spheres, when the two spheres approach each other the flow generated by the inert sphere through diffusiophoresis drags the reactive sphere towards it. This leads to a self-assembled dimer motor that is able to propel itself in solution. The fluid flow field at the moment of dimer formation changes direction. The ratio of sphere sizes in the dimer influences the characteristics of the flow fields, and this feature suggests that active self-assembly of spherical colloidal particles may be manipulated by sphere-size changes in such reactive systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shang Yik Reigh
- Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
155
|
Katuri J, Caballero D, Voituriez R, Samitier J, Sanchez S. Directed Flow of Micromotors through Alignment Interactions with Micropatterned Ratchets. ACS NANO 2018; 12:7282-7291. [PMID: 29949338 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To achieve control over naturally diffusive, out-of-equilibrium systems composed of self-propelled particles, such as cells or self-phoretic colloids, is a long-standing challenge in active matter physics. The inherently random motion of these active particles can be rectified in the presence of local and periodic asymmetric cues given that a nontrivial interaction exists between the self-propelled particle and the cues. Here, we exploit the phoretic and hydrodynamic interactions of synthetic micromotors with local topographical features to break the time-reversal symmetry of particle trajectories and to direct a macroscopic flow of micromotors. We show that the orientational alignment induced on the micromotors by the topographical features, together with their geometrical asymmetry, is crucial in generating directional particle flow. We also show that our system can be used to concentrate micromotors in confined spaces and identify the interactions leading to this effect. Finally, we develop a minimal model, which identifies the key parameters of the system responsible for the observed rectification. Overall, our system allows for robust control over both temporal and spatial distribution of synthetic micromotors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Katuri
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
- Max-Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstr. 3 , D-70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - David Caballero
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering , University of Barcelona (UB) , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería , Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5 , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Raphael Voituriez
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, UMR 7600 CNRS/UPMC, 4 Place Jussieu , 75255 Cedex Paris , France
- Laboratoire Jean Perrin, UMR 8237 CNRS/UPMC, 4 Place Jussieu , 75255 Cedex Paris , France
| | - Josep Samitier
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering , University of Barcelona (UB) , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería , Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5 , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Samuel Sanchez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
- Max-Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstr. 3 , D-70569 Stuttgart , Germany
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA) , Pg. Lluís Companys 23 , 08010 Barcelona , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
156
|
Chen C, Tang S, Teymourian H, Karshalev E, Zhang F, Li J, Mou F, Liang Y, Guan J, Wang J. Chemical/Light‐Powered Hybrid Micromotors with “On‐the‐Fly” Optical Brakes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8110-8114. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanrui Chen
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingWuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 P. R. China
| | - Songsong Tang
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Hazhir Teymourian
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Emil Karshalev
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Fangyu Zhang
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Jinxing Li
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Fangzhi Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingWuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 P. R. China
| | - Yuyan Liang
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Jianguo Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingWuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 P. R. China
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Chen C, Tang S, Teymourian H, Karshalev E, Zhang F, Li J, Mou F, Liang Y, Guan J, Wang J. Chemical/Light‐Powered Hybrid Micromotors with “On‐the‐Fly” Optical Brakes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanrui Chen
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingWuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 P. R. China
| | - Songsong Tang
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Hazhir Teymourian
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Emil Karshalev
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Fangyu Zhang
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Jinxing Li
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Fangzhi Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingWuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 P. R. China
| | - Yuyan Liang
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Jianguo Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingWuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 P. R. China
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| |
Collapse
|
158
|
Safdar M, Khan SU, Jänis J. Progress toward Catalytic Micro- and Nanomotors for Biomedical and Environmental Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1703660. [PMID: 29411445 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic micro- and nanomotors (MNMs) are tiny objects that can autonomously move under the influence of an appropriate source of energy, such as a chemical fuel, magnetic field, ultrasound, or light. Chemically driven MNMs are composed of or contain certain reactive material(s) that convert chemical energy of a fuel into kinetic energy (motion) of the particles. Several different materials have been explored over the last decade for the preparation of a wide variety of MNMs. Here, the discovery of materials and approaches to enhance the efficiency of chemically driven MNMs are reviewed. Several prominent applications of the MNMs, especially in the fields of biomedicine and environmental science, are also discussed, as well as the limitations of existing materials and future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Safdar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Janne Jänis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
Nicholls D, DeVerse A, Esplin R, Castañeda J, Loyd Y, Nair R, Voinescu R, Zhou C, Wang W, Gibbs JG. Shape-Dependent Motion of Structured Photoactive Microswimmers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:18050-18056. [PMID: 29722263 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the dynamics of structured photoactive microswimmers and show that morphology sensitively determines the swimming behavior. Particular to this study, a major portion of the light-activated particles' underlying structure is built from a photocatalytic material, made possible by dynamic physical vapor deposition (DPVD). We find that swimmers of this type exhibit unique shape-dependent autonomous swimming that is distinct from what is seen in systems with similar structural morphology but not fabricated directly from the catalyst. Notably, the direction of motion is a function of these parameters. Because the swimming behavior is strongly correlated with particle shape and material composition, DPVD allows for engineering small-scale propulsion by adjusting the fabrication parameters to match the desired performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Nicholls
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Northern Arizona University , S San Francisco Street , Flagstaff , Arizona 86011 , United States
| | - Andrew DeVerse
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Northern Arizona University , S San Francisco Street , Flagstaff , Arizona 86011 , United States
| | - Ra'Shae Esplin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Northern Arizona University , S San Francisco Street , Flagstaff , Arizona 86011 , United States
| | - John Castañeda
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Northern Arizona University , S San Francisco Street , Flagstaff , Arizona 86011 , United States
| | - Yoseph Loyd
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Northern Arizona University , S San Francisco Street , Flagstaff , Arizona 86011 , United States
| | - Raaman Nair
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Northern Arizona University , S San Francisco Street , Flagstaff , Arizona 86011 , United States
| | - Robert Voinescu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Northern Arizona University , S San Francisco Street , Flagstaff , Arizona 86011 , United States
| | - Chao Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China
| | - John G Gibbs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Northern Arizona University , S San Francisco Street , Flagstaff , Arizona 86011 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
160
|
|
161
|
|
162
|
Xu L, Mou F, Gong H, Luo M, Guan J. Light-driven micro/nanomotors: from fundamentals to applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:6905-6926. [PMID: 28949354 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00516d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Light, as an external stimulus, is capable of driving the motion of micro/nanomotors (MNMs) with the advantages of reversible, wireless and remote manoeuvre on demand with excellent spatial and temporal resolution. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art light-driven MNMs, which are able to move in liquids or on a substrate surface by converting light energy into mechanical work. The general design strategies for constructing asymmetric fields around light-driven MNMs to propel themselves are introduced as well as the photoactive materials for light-driven MNMs, including photocatalytic materials, photothermal materials and photochromic materials. Then, the propulsion mechanisms and motion behaviors of the so far developed light-driven MNMs are illustrated in detail involving light-induced phoretic propulsion, bubble recoil and interfacial tension gradient, followed by recent progress in the light-driven movement of liquid crystalline elastomers based on light-induced deformation. An outlook is further presented on the future development of light-driven MNMs towards overcoming key challenges after summarizing the potential applications in biomedical, environmental and micro/nanoengineering fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
163
|
Wang L, Li Q. Photochromism into nanosystems: towards lighting up the future nanoworld. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:1044-1097. [PMID: 29251304 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00630f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate the structure and function of promising nanosystems via energy input and external stimuli is emerging as an attractive paradigm for developing reconfigurable and programmable nanomaterials and multifunctional devices. Light stimulus manifestly represents a preferred external physical and chemical tool for in situ remote command of the functional attributes of nanomaterials and nanosystems due to its unique advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and digital controllability. Photochromic moieties are known to undergo reversible photochemical transformations between different states with distinct properties, which have been extensively introduced into various functional nanosystems such as nanomachines, nanoparticles, nanoelectronics, supramolecular nanoassemblies, and biological nanosystems. The integration of photochromism into these nanosystems has endowed the resultant nanostructures or advanced materials with intriguing photoresponsive behaviors and more sophisticated functions. In this Review, we provide an account of the recent advancements in reversible photocontrol of the structures and functions of photochromic nanosystems and their applications. The important design concepts of such truly advanced materials are discussed, their fabrication methods are emphasized, and their applications are highlighted. The Review is concluded by briefly outlining the challenges that need to be addressed and the opportunities that can be tapped into. We hope that the review of the flourishing and vibrant topic with myriad possibilities would shine light on exploring the future nanoworld by encouraging and opening the windows to meaningful multidisciplinary cooperation of engineers from different backgrounds and scientists from the fields such as chemistry, physics, engineering, biology, nanotechnology and materials science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
164
|
Martínez-Pedrero F, Tierno P. Advances in colloidal manipulation and transport via hydrodynamic interactions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 519:296-311. [PMID: 29505991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, we highlight many recent advances in the field of micromanipulation of colloidal particles using hydrodynamic interactions (HIs), namely solvent mediated long-range interactions. At the micrsocale, the hydrodynamic laws are time reversible and the flow becomes laminar, features that allow precise manipulation and control of colloidal matter. We focus on different strategies where externally operated microstructures generate local flow fields that induce the advection and motion of the surrounding components. In addition, we review cases where the induced flow gives rise to hydrodynamic bound states that may synchronize during the process, a phenomenon essential in different systems such as those that exhibit self-assembly and swarming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Martínez-Pedrero
- Departamento de Química-Física I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - P Tierno
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, IN(2)UB, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
Light-Controlled Swarming and Assembly of Colloidal Particles. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9020088. [PMID: 30393364 PMCID: PMC6187466 DOI: 10.3390/mi9020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Swarms and assemblies are ubiquitous in nature and they can perform complex collective behaviors and cooperative functions that they cannot accomplish individually. In response to light, some colloidal particles (CPs), including light active and passive CPs, can mimic their counterparts in nature and organize into complex structures that exhibit collective functions with remote controllability and high temporospatial precision. In this review, we firstly analyze the structural characteristics of swarms and assemblies of CPs and point out that light-controlled swarming and assembly of CPs are generally achieved by constructing light-responsive interactions between CPs. Then, we summarize in detail the recent advances in light-controlled swarming and assembly of CPs based on the interactions arisen from optical forces, photochemical reactions, photothermal effects, and photoisomerizations, as well as their potential applications. In the end, we also envision some challenges and future prospects of light-controlled swarming and assembly of CPs. With the increasing innovations in mechanisms and control strategies with easy operation, low cost, and arbitrary applicability, light-controlled swarming and assembly of CPs may be employed to manufacture programmable materials and reconfigurable robots for cooperative grasping, collective cargo transportation, and micro- and nanoengineering.
Collapse
|
166
|
Ning H, Zhang Y, Zhu H, Ingham A, Huang G, Mei Y, Solovev AA. Geometry Design, Principles and Assembly of Micromotors. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E75. [PMID: 30393351 PMCID: PMC6187850 DOI: 10.3390/mi9020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of bio-inspired, self-propelled and externally-powered nano-/micro-motors, rotors and engines (micromachines) is considered a potentially revolutionary paradigm in nanoscience. Nature knows how to combine different elements together in a fluidic state for intelligent design of nano-/micro-machines, which operate by pumping, stirring, and diffusion of their internal components. Taking inspirations from nature, scientists endeavor to develop the best materials, geometries, and conditions for self-propelled motion, and to better understand their mechanisms of motion and interactions. Today, microfluidic technology offers considerable advantages for the next generation of biomimetic particles, droplets and capsules. This review summarizes recent achievements in the field of nano-/micromotors, and methods of their external control and collective behaviors, which may stimulate new ideas for a broad range of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanpo Ning
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, 200433 Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, 200433 Shanghai, China.
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, 200433 Shanghai, China.
| | - Andreas Ingham
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 5 Ole Maaløes Vej, DK-2200, 1165 København, Denmark.
| | - Gaoshan Huang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, 200433 Shanghai, China.
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, 200433 Shanghai, China.
| | - Alexander A Solovev
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, 200433 Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
167
|
Light-Powered Micro/Nanomotors. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9020041. [PMID: 30393317 PMCID: PMC6187517 DOI: 10.3390/mi9020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Designed micro/nanomotors are micro/nanoscale machines capable of autonomous motion in fluids, which have been emerging in recent decades owing to their great potential for biomedical and environmental applications. Among them, light-powered micro/nanomotors, in which motion is driven by light, exhibit various advantages in their precise motion manipulation and thereby a superior scope for application. This review summarizes recent advances in the design, manufacture and motion manipulation of different types of light-powered micro/nanomotors. Their structural features and motion performance are reviewed and compared. The challenges and opportunities of light-powered micro/nanomotors are also discussed. With rapidly increasing innovation, advanced, intelligent and multifunctional light-powered micro/nanomachines will certainly bring profound impacts and changes for human life in the future.
Collapse
|
168
|
Yu T, Chuphal P, Thakur S, Reigh SY, Singh DP, Fischer P. Chemical micromotors self-assemble and self-propel by spontaneous symmetry breaking. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11933-11936. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06467a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Propelling chemical dimer motors can spontaneously self-assemble from isotropic non-propelling colloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yu
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart
- 70569 Stuttgart
| | - Prabha Chuphal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- India
| | - Snigdha Thakur
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- India
| | - Shang Yik Reigh
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Dhruv P. Singh
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Peer Fischer
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart
- 70569 Stuttgart
| |
Collapse
|
169
|
Nourhani A, Brown D, Pletzer N, Gibbs JG. Engineering Contactless Particle-Particle Interactions in Active Microswimmers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1703910. [PMID: 29239516 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Artificial self-propelled colloidal particles have recently served as effective building blocks for investigating many dynamic behaviors exhibited by nonequilibrium systems. However, most studies have relied upon excluded volume interactions between the active particles. Experimental systems in which the mobile entities interact over long distances in a well-defined and controllable manner are valuable so that new modes of multiparticle dynamics can be studied systematically in the laboratory. Here, a system of self-propelled microscale Janus particles is engineered to have contactless particle-particle interactions that lead to long-range attraction, short-range repulsion, and mutual alignment between adjacent swimmers. The unique modes of motion that arise can be tuned by modulating the system's parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Nourhani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Daniel Brown
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Nicholas Pletzer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - John G Gibbs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| |
Collapse
|