151
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Sakata K, Fujimoto H. Quantum chemical study of Diels-Alder reactions catalyzed by Lewis acid activated oxazaborolidines. J Org Chem 2013; 78:3095-103. [PMID: 23373629 DOI: 10.1021/jo400066h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic activity of Lewis acid activated oxazaborolidines in the Diels-Alder reaction between cyclopentadiene and methacrolein is investigated by using the DFT method. Oxazaborolidine is not able to coordinate to methacrolein in the absence of AlBr3 because the bonding stabilization is too small to cover the destabilization arising from the deformation of the two species. Accordingly, oxazaborolidine hardly catalyzes the cycloaddition by itself. The calculations show that the attachment of AlBr3 to the nitrogen atom of oxazaborolidine enhances the Lewis acidity of its boron center and enables it to coordinate to methacrolein. When the AlBr3-assisted oxazaborolidine is once coordinated, the catalytic activity originates mainly from the oxazaborolidine framework, and to a smaller extent from the attached AlBr3 part. The Lewis acid AlBr3 plays an additional role to facilitate the reaction by reducing the overlap repulsion between the diene and the dienophile. The attachment of AlBr3 to the oxygen atom, another Lewis basic site in oxazaborolidine, also gives a stable AlBr3-oxazaborolidine complex, but the reaction catalyzed by this complex is not preferred to that catalyzed by the complex in which AlBr3 is attached to the nitrogen atom. The electrophilicity of boron center in oxazaborolidine and those in the AlBr3-oxazaborolidine complexes are compared in terms of localized reactive orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Sakata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
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152
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Domingo LR, Sáez JA, Joule JA, Rhyman L, Ramasami P. A DFT Study of the [3 + 2] versus [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions of 1,5,6-Trimethylpyrazinium-3-olate with Methyl Methacrylate. J Org Chem 2013; 78:1621-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302730q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis R. Domingo
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose A. Sáez
- Instituto de Tecnología
Química, UPV-CSIC, Camino de Vera
s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - John A. Joule
- The School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.
K
| | - Lydia Rhyman
- Computational Chemistry
Group,
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Ponnadurai Ramasami
- Computational Chemistry
Group,
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
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153
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Śnieżek M, Stecko S, Panfil I, Furman B, Urbańczyk-Lipkowska Z, Chmielewski M. Thermal and Sc(OTf)3 catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of open-chain nitrones to α,β-unsaturated lactones: combined experimental and computational studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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154
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Javan MJ, Tehrani ZA, Fattahi A, Hashemi MM. How hydrogen-bonded MnO4
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can influence oxidation of olefins in both gas phase and solution? J PHYS ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.2992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alireza Fattahi
- Department of Chemistry; Sharif University of Technology; Tehran Iran
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155
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Rhyman L, Ramasami P, Joule JA, Sáez JA, Domingo LR. Understanding the formation of [3+2] and [2+4] cycloadducts in the Lewis acid catalysed reaction between methyl glyoxylate oxime and cyclopentadiene: a theoretical study. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra22332e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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156
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Domingo LR, Pérez P, Sáez JA. Understanding C–C bond formation in polar reactions. An ELF analysis of the Friedel–Crafts reaction between indoles and nitroolefins. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40929e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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157
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Understanding the regioselectivity in hetero Diels–Alder reactions. An ELF analysis of the reaction between nitrosoethylene and 1-vinylpyrrolidine. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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158
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Domingo LR, Pérez P, Sáez JA. Understanding the local reactivity in polar organic reactions through electrophilic and nucleophilic Parr functions. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra22886f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 504] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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159
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Nikbin N, Do PT, Caratzoulas S, Lobo RF, Dauenhauer PJ, Vlachos DG. A DFT study of the acid-catalyzed conversion of 2,5-dimethylfuran and ethylene to p-xylene. J Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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160
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Mancini PME, Rosa CDD, Ormachea CM, Kneeteman MN, Domingo LR. Experimental and theoretical studies on polar Diels–Alder reactions of 1-nitronaphathalene developed in ionic liquids. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42042f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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161
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Cahill KJ, Johnson RP. Beyond Frontier Molecular Orbital Theory: A Systematic Electron Transfer Model (ETM) for Polar Bimolecular Organic Reactions. J Org Chem 2012; 78:1864-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301731v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharine J. Cahill
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Richard P. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
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162
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Sobhi C, Nacereddine AK, Djerourou A, Aurell MJ, Domingo LR. The role of the trifluoromethyl group in reactivity and selectivity in polar cycloaddition reactions. A DFT study. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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163
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Domingo LR, Pérez P, Sáez JA. Origin of the synchronicity in bond formation in polar Diels-Alder reactions: an ELF analysis of the reaction between cyclopentadiene and tetracyanoethylene. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:3841-51. [PMID: 22527420 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25152c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The origin of the synchronicity in C-C bond formation in polar Diels-Alder (P-DA) reactions involving symmetrically substituted electrophilic ethylenes has been studied by an ELF analysis of the electron reorganization along the P-DA reaction of cyclopentadiene (Cp) with tetracyanoethylene (TCE) at the B3LYP/6-31G* level. The present study makes it possible to establish that the synchronicity in C-C bond formation in P-DA reactions is controlled by the symmetric distribution of the electron-density excess reached in the electrophile through the charge transfer process, which can be anticipated by an analysis of the spin electron-density at the corresponding radical anion. The ELF comparative analysis of bonding along the DA reactions of Cp with ethylene and with TCE asserts that these DA reactions, which have a symmetric electron reorganization, do not have a cyclic electron reorganization as the pericyclic mechanism states. Due to the very limited number of cases of symmetrically substituted ethylenes, we can conclude that the synchronous mechanism is an exception of DA reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis R Domingo
- Universidad de Valencia, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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164
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Seebach D, Beck AK, Bichsel HU, Pichota A, Sparr C, Wünsch R, Schweizer WB. Preparation and Characterization of New C2- and C1-Symmetric Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorous, and Sulfur Derivatives and Analogs of TADDOL. Part III. Helv Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201200148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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165
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Theoretical study of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions between 7–10-membered simple cycloalkynes and triazoles R–N3 (R = H, CH3, Ph). Struct Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-012-0105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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166
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Reboredo S, Reyes E, Vicario JL, Badía D, Carrillo L, de Cózar A, Cossío FP. An Amine-Catalyzed Enantioselective [3+2] Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides and α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes: Applications and Mechanistic Implications. Chemistry 2012; 18:7179-88. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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167
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Domingo LR, José Aurell M, Jalal R, Esseffar M. A DFT study of the role of Lewis acid catalysts in the mechanism of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile imines towards electron-deficient acryloyl derivatives. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2012.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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168
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Lan Y, Danheiser RL, Houk KN. Why nature eschews the concerted [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of a nonconjugated cyanodiyne. Computational study of a pyridine synthesis involving an ene-Diels-Alder-bimolecular hydrogen-transfer mechanism. J Org Chem 2012; 77:1533-8. [PMID: 22188179 DOI: 10.1021/jo202424n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An intramolecular formal metal-free intramolecular [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition for the formation of pyridines has been investigated with M06-2X and B3LYP density functional methods, and compared to the experimentally established three-step mechanism that involves ene reaction-Diels-Alder reaction-hydrogen transfer. The ene reaction of two alkynes is the rate-determining step. This is considerably easier than other possible mechanisms, such as those involving an ene reaction of an alkyne with a nitrile, a one-step [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition, or a 1,4-diradical mechanism. The relative facilities of these processes are analyzed with the distortion-interaction model. A bimolecular hydrogen-transfer mechanism involving a radical-pair intermediate is proposed rather than a concerted intramolecular 1,5-hydrogen shift for the last step in the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
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169
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Diels–Alder reactions for the rational design of benzo[b]thiophenes: DFT-based guidelines for synthetic chemists. J Mol Struct 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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170
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McIntosh ML, Johnston RC, Pattawong O, Ashburn BO, Naffziger MR, Cheong PHY, Carter RG. Synthesis and computational analysis of densely functionalized triazoles using o-nitrophenylalkynes. J Org Chem 2012; 77:1101-12. [PMID: 22263720 DOI: 10.1021/jo202467k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dipolar cylcoadditions with azides using a series of o-nitrophenylethynes and disubstituted alkynes were studied experimentally and computationally. Density functional theory computations reveal the steric and electronic parameters that control the regioselectivity of these cycloadditions. Several new substrates were predicted that would either give enhanced regiocontrol or invert the regiochemical preference. Experimentally, the alkynes were screened in the [3 + 2] cycloaddition with benzyl azide. Of the 11 alkynes screened experimentally, the acetylenes containing halogen substitution directly on the alkyne provided the highest levels of regioselectivity. These haloalkynes were also shown to tolerate variation of the azide moiety with continued good levels of regioselectivity in most cases. Diverse functional groups can be incorporated through the cycloaddition process and their subsequent orthogonal modification was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L McIntosh
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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171
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Zhou P, Ayers PW, Liu S, Li T. Natural orbital Fukui function and application in understanding cycloaddition reaction mechanisms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:9890-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40488e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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172
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Tang SY, Shi J, Guo QX. Accurate prediction of rate constants of Diels–Alder reactions and application to design of Diels–Alder ligation. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:2673-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob07079k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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173
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Bentabed-Ababsa G, Hamza-Reguig S, Derdour A, Domingo LR, Sáez JA, Roisnel T, Dorcet V, Nassar E, Mongin F. Experimental and theoretical study of the [3 + 2] cycloaddition of carbonyl ylides with alkynes. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:8434-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26442k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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174
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Miranda MS, Rodríguez-Borges JE, Esteves da Silva JCG, García-Mera X. Aza-Diels-Alder reaction between cyclopentadiene and protonated N-phenylethyliminoacetates of 8-phenylmenthol and 8-phenylneomenthol: a density functional theory study. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margarida S. Miranda
- Centro de Geologia da Universidade do Porto, Faculty of Science; University of Porto; Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n; 4169-007; Porto; Portugal
| | - José E. Rodríguez-Borges
- Centro de Investigação em Química; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Porto; Rua do Campo Alegre 687; 4169-007; Porto; Portugal
| | - Joaquim C. G. Esteves da Silva
- Centro de Investigação em Química; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Porto; Rua do Campo Alegre 687; 4169-007; Porto; Portugal
| | - Xerardo García-Mera
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Santiago de Compostela; E-15782; Santiago de Compostela; Spain
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175
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1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of 1H-pyrazinium-3-olate and N1- and C-methyl substituted pyrazinium-3-olates with methyl acrylate: a density functional theory study. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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176
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Highly diastereoselective synthesis of 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene derivatives: Bronsted acid catalyzed aza-Diels–Alder reaction between cyclopentadiene and imino-acetates with two chiral auxiliaries. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.06.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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177
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Abstract
The nucleophilicity N index (J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 4615), the inverse of the electrophilicity, 1/ω, and the recently proposed inverse of the electrodonating power, 1/ω⁻, (J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 4957) have been checked toward (i) a series of single 5-substituted indoles for which rate constants are available, (ii) a series of para-substituted phenols, and for (iii) a series of 2,5-disubstituted bicyclic[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-dienes which display concurrently electrophilic and nucleophilic behaviors. While all considered indices account well for the nucleophilic behavior of organic molecules having a single substitution, the nucleophilicity N index works better for more complex molecules. Unlike, the inverse of the electrophilicity, 1/ω, (R(2) = 0.71), and the inverse of the electrodonating power, 1/ω⁻ (R(2) = 0.83), a very good correlation of the nucleophilicity N index of twelve 2-substituted-6-methoxy-bicyclic[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-dienes versus the activation energy associated with the nucleophilic attack on 1,1-dicyanoethylene is found (R(2) = 0.99). This comparative study allows to assert that the nucleophilicity N index is a measure of the nucleophilicity of complex organic molecules displaying concurrently electrophilic and nucleophilic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis R Domingo
- Universidad de Valencia, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Dr Moliner 50, E-46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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178
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Sarotti AM, Spanevello RA, Suárez AG. Assessing the halogen effect in Diels–Alder reactions involving chiral α-halo enones. A combined experimental and DFT computational approach. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.05.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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179
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Wang X, Weigl C, Doyle MP. Solvent enhancement of reaction selectivity: a unique property of cationic chiral dirhodium carboxamidates. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:9572-9. [PMID: 21591747 PMCID: PMC3116040 DOI: 10.1021/ja202676a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition reactions of nitrones with α,β-unsaturated aldehydes catalyzed by a cationic chiral dirhodium(II,III) carboxamidate with (R)-menthyl (S)-2-oxopyrrolidine-5-carboxylate ligands in toluene increase reaction rates, give optimum regioselectivities, and enhance stereoselectivities compared to the same reactions performed in traditionally used halocarbon solvents. Rate and enantioselectivity enhancements were also obtained in hetero-Diels-Alder and carbonyl-ene reactions performed in toluene over those obtained in dichloromethane using the diastereomeric chiral cationic dirhodium(II,III) carboxamidate with (S)-menthyl (S)-2-oxopyrrolidine-5-carboxylate ligands. These enhancements are attributed to diminished or absent association of toluene with the catalyst which lessens the relative importance of the uncatalyzed background reaction, and they may also be a consequence of different coordination angles for aldehyde association with rhodium in the different solvent environments. Overall, the enhancement of reaction rates and selectivities with cationic chiral dirhodium(II,III) carboxamidates in toluene suggests broad applications for them in Lewis acid catalyzed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Carolin Weigl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
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180
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Lan Y, Wheeler SE, Houk KN. Extraordinary Difference in Reactivity of Ozone (OOO) and Sulfur Dioxide (OSO): A Theoretical Study. J Chem Theory Comput 2011; 7:2104-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ct200293w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Steven E. Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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181
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Siebert MR, Tantillo DJ. Fundamental properties of N
-alkenylaziridines-implications for the design of new reactions and organocatalysts. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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182
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Sarotti AM, Suárez AG, Spanevello RA. DFT calculations induced a regiochemical outcome revision of the Diels–Alder reaction between levoglucosenone and isoprene. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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183
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratim Kumar Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
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184
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Moyano A, Rios R. Asymmetric organocatalytic cyclization and cycloaddition reactions. Chem Rev 2011; 111:4703-832. [PMID: 21615119 DOI: 10.1021/cr100348t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 712] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Moyano
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, C. Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028-Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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185
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Deuri S, Phukan P. Catalytic effect of molecular iodine in Diels–Alder reaction: a density functional theory study. Struct Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-011-9803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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186
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Jang H, Zhugralin AR, Lee Y, Hoveyda AH. Highly Selective Methods for Synthesis of Internal (α-) Vinylboronates through Efficient NHC–Cu-Catalyzed Hydroboration of Terminal Alkynes. Utility in Chemical Synthesis and Mechanistic Basis for Selectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:7859-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2007643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hwanjong Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Adil R. Zhugralin
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Yunmi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Amir H. Hoveyda
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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187
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Yang Q, Liu Y, Zhang W. A theoretical study of imine-ene reaction influencing factors. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:6343-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05493g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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188
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Zeghada S, Bentabed-Ababsa G, Derdour A, Abdelmounim S, Domingo LR, Sáez JA, Roisnel T, Nassar E, Mongin F. A combined experimental and theoretical study of the thermal cycloaddition of aryl azides with activated alkenes. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:4295-305. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05176h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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189
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Klapötke TM, Krumm B, Moll R. Convenient Room-Temperature, Mercury-Assisted Synthesis of Tetrazoles by 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201001046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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190
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Brasca R, Kneeteman MN, Mancini PME, Fabian WMF. Comprehensive DFT Study on Site-, Regio-, and Stereoselectivity of Diels-Alder Reactions Leading to 5-Hydroxybenzofurans. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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191
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Quadrelli P, Romano S, Caramella P. Nonbonded Interactions Tune Selectivities in Cycloadditions to 2,3-Dioxabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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192
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HDA cycloadditions of 1-diethoxyphosphonyl-1,3-butadiene with nitroso heterodienophiles: A computational investigation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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193
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Domingo LR, Chamorro E, Pérez P. Understanding the mechanism of non-polar Diels-Alder reactions. A comparative ELF analysis of concerted and stepwise diradical mechanisms. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:5495-504. [PMID: 20967366 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00563k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The electron-reorganization along the concerted and stepwise pathways associated with the non-polar Diels-Alder reaction between cyclopentadiene (Cp, 1) and ethylene (2) has been studied using the topological analysis of the electron localization function (ELF) at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. ELF results for the concerted mechanism stresses that the electron-reorganization demanded on the diene and ethylene reagents to reach two pseudo-diradical structures is responsible for the high activation energy. A comparative ELF analysis of some relevant points of the non-polar Diels-Alder reaction between Cp and styrene (10) suggests that these concerted mechanisms do not have a pericyclic electron-reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis R Domingo
- Universidad de Valencia, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Dr Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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194
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Butler RN, Coyne AG. Water: Nature’s Reaction Enforcer—Comparative Effects for Organic Synthesis “In-Water” and “On-Water”. Chem Rev 2010; 110:6302-37. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100162c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 897] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard N. Butler
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway, Ireland, and Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony G. Coyne
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway, Ireland, and Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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195
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Bentabed-Ababsa G, Derdour A, Roisnel T, Sáez JA, Pérez P, Chamorro E, Domingo LR, Mongin F. A combined experimental and theoretical study of the polar [3 + 2] cycloaddition of electrophilically activated carbonyl ylides with aldehydes and imines. J Org Chem 2010; 74:2120-33. [PMID: 19199802 DOI: 10.1021/jo8027104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous 2,5-diaryl-1,3-dioxolane-4,4-dicarbonitriles and 2,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazolidine-5,5-dicarbonitriles have been synthesized by [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions between carbonyl ylides generated from epoxides and aldehydes or imines. In contrast to the use of aldehydes (3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde, piperonal, 1-naphthaldehyde, indole-3-carboxaldehyde, furan-2-carboxaldehyde, and thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde), the reactions performed with imines (N-(phenylmethylene)methanamine, N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethylene)propylamine, N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethylene)butylamine, and N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethylene)benzylamine) proceed diastereoselectively. The effect of microwave irradiation on the outcome of the reaction was studied. The mechanism of these [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions has been theoretically investigated using DFT methods. These cycloadditions, which have one-step mechanisms, consist of the nucleophilic attack of the aldehyde oxygen or imine nitrogen on the carbonyl ylide. For the reaction with aldehydes, a back-donation effect is responsible for the unexpected reverse charge transfer found at the transition structure. The analysis of the reactivity indexes indicates that the large electrophilic character of the carbonyl ylides induces them to act as strong electrophiles in these polar [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghenia Bentabed-Ababsa
- Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires, UMR 6510 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus Scientifique de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
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196
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Lakhdar S, Terrier F, Vichard D, Berionni G, El Guesmi N, Goumont R, Boubaker T. The Diels-Alder reaction of 4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan with 1-trimethylsilyloxybuta-1,3-diene: a case example of a stepwise cycloaddition. Chemistry 2010; 16:5681-90. [PMID: 20376824 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of 4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan (DNBF) with 1-trimethylsilyloxybuta-1,3-diene (8) is shown to afford a mixture of [2+4] diastereomeric cycloadducts (10, 11) through stepwise addition-cyclization pathways. Zwitterionic intermediate sigma-adduct 9, which is involved in the processes, has been successfully characterized by (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy and UV/visible spectrophotometry in acetonitrile. A kinetic study has been carried out in this solvent that revealed that the rate of formation of 9 nicely fits the three-parameter equation log k=s(E+N) developed by Mayr to describe the feasibility of nucleophile-electrophile combinations. This significantly adds to the NMR spectroscopic evidence that the overall cycloadditions take place through a stepwise mechanism. The reaction has also been studied in dichloromethane and toluene. In these less polar solvents, the stability of 9 is not sufficient to allow direct characterization by spectroscopic methods, but a kinetic investigation supports the view that stepwise processes are still operating. An informative comparison of our reaction with previous interactions firmly identified as prototype stepwise cycloadditions is made on the basis of the global electrophilicity index, omega, defined by Parr within the density functional theory, and highlighted by Domingo et al. as a powerful tool for understanding Diels-Alder reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Lakhdar
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR 8180, Université de Versailles, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
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197
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Liljenberg M, Brinck T, Herschend B, Rein T, Rockwell G, Svensson M. Validation of a Computational Model for Predicting the Site for Electrophilic Substitution in Aromatic Systems. J Org Chem 2010; 75:4696-705. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100310v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tore Brinck
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Mats Svensson
- Medicinal Chemistry, AstraZeneca R&D, S-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden
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198
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Cao X, Qin S, Su Z, Yang H, Hu C, Feng X. Theoretical Study on Hetero-Diels-Alder Reaction of Butadiene with Benzaldehyde Catalyzed by Chiral InIII Complexes. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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199
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1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of N-[4-nitrophenyl]-C-[2-furyl] nitrilimine with some dipolarophiles: A combined experimental and theoretical study. J Mol Struct 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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200
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Fuentealba P, David J, Guerra D. Density functional based reactivity parameters: Thermodynamic or kinetic concepts? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2009.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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