151
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Kember MR, White AJP, Williams CK. Highly Active Di- and Trimetallic Cobalt Catalysts for the Copolymerization of CHO and CO2 at Atmospheric Pressure. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma902582m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Kember
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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152
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Na SJ, S S, Cyriac A, Kim BE, Yoo J, Kang YK, Han SJ, Lee C, Lee BY. Elucidation of the structure of a highly active catalytic system for CO2/epoxide copolymerization: a salen-cobaltate complex of an unusual binding mode. Inorg Chem 2010; 48:10455-65. [PMID: 19780527 DOI: 10.1021/ic901584u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Salen-type ligands comprised of ethylenediamine or 1,2-cyclohexenediamine, along with an salicylaldehyde bearing a methyl substituent on its 3-position and a -[CR(CH(2)CH(2)CH(2)N(+)Bu(3))(2)] (R = H or Me) on its 5-position, unexpectedly afford cobalt(III) complexes with uncoordinated imines. In these complexes, two salen-phenoxys and two 2,4-dinitrophenolates (DNPs), which counter the quaternary ammonium cations, coordinate persistently with cobalt, while two other DNPs are fluxional between a coordinated and an uncoordinated state in THF at room temperature. The complexes of this binding mode show excellent activities in carbon dioxide/propylene oxide copolymerization (TOF, 8300-13,000 h(-1)) but with some fluctuation in induction times (1-10 h), depending on how dry the system is. The induction time is shortened (<1.0 h) and activity is increased approximately 1.5 times upon the replacement of the two fluxional DNPs with 2,4-dinitrophenol-2,4-dinitrophenolate homoconjugation ([DNP...H...DNP](-)). Imposing steric congestion either by replacing the methyl substituent on the salicylaldehyde with tert-butyl or by employing H(2)NCMe(2)CMe(2)NH(2) instead of ethylenediamine or 1,2-cyclohexenediamine results in conventional imine-coordinating complexes, which show lower activities than uncoordinated imine complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jae Na
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749 Korea
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153
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Ren WM, Zhang X, Liu Y, Li JF, Wang H, Lu XB. Highly Active, Bifunctional Co(III)-Salen Catalyst for Alternating Copolymerization of CO2 with Cyclohexene Oxide and Terpolymerization with Aliphatic Epoxides. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma902321g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
| | - Ye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
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154
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Yoo J, Na SJ, Park HC, Cyriac A, Lee BY. Anion variation on a cobalt(iii) complex of salen-type ligand tethered by four quaternary ammonium salts for CO2/epoxide copolymerization. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:2622-30. [DOI: 10.1039/b920992a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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155
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Nakano K, Hashimoto S, Nozaki K. Bimetallic mechanism operating in the copolymerization of propylene oxide with carbon dioxide catalyzed by cobalt–salen complexes. Chem Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00220h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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156
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Liu B, Gao Y, Zhao X, Yan W, Wang X. Alternating copolymerization of carbon dioxide and propylene oxide under bifunctional cobalt salen complexes: Role of Lewis base substituent covalent bonded on salen ligand. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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157
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Seong JE, Na SJ, Cyriac A, Kim BW, Lee BY. Terpolymerizations of CO2, Propylene Oxide, and Various Epoxides Using a Cobalt(III) Complex of Salen-Type Ligand Tethered by Four Quaternary Ammonium Salts. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma902162n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Eon Seong
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Sung Jae Na
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Anish Cyriac
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Byung-Woo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Bun Yeoul Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
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158
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Kember MR, White AJP, Williams CK. Di- and Tri-Zinc Catalysts for the Low-Pressure Copolymerization of CO2 and Cyclohexene Oxide. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:9535-42. [DOI: 10.1021/ic901109e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Kember
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. P. White
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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159
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Nakano K, Nakamura M, Nozaki K. Alternating Copolymerization of Cyclohexene Oxide with Carbon Dioxide Catalyzed by (salalen)CrCl Complexes. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9012626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Nakano
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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160
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Niu Y, Li H, Chen X, Zhang W, Zhuang X, Jing X. Alternating Copolymerization of Carbon Dioxide and Propylene Oxide Catalyzed by Cobalt Schiff Base Complex. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200900093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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161
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Ren WM, Liu ZW, Wen YQ, Zhang R, Lu XB. Mechanistic Aspects of the Copolymerization of CO2 with Epoxides Using a Thermally Stable Single-Site Cobalt(III) Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:11509-18. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9033999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
| | - Zhong-Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
| | - Ye-Qian Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
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162
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Rao DY, Li B, Zhang R, Wang H, Lu XB. Binding of 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine to Salen- and Salan-Cr(III) cations: a mechanistic understanding on the difference in their catalytic activity for CO2/epoxide copolymerization. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:2830-6. [PMID: 19271762 DOI: 10.1021/ic802384x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The coordination chemistry of 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) with Salen- or Salan- (where the tetradentate N,N'-disubstituted bisaminophenoxide is designated as Salan, a saturated version of the Schiff-base Salen ligand) chromium complexes was studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The relative stabilities of mono DMAP adducts of these chromium complexes were characterized by collision-induced dissociation (CID) and further discussed with regard to the activity in catalyzing CO(2)/epoxide copolymerization. [SalenCr](+) cations preferably bind two DMAP molecules to form six-coordinated complex ions, while [SalanCr](+) cations usually bind one molecule of DMAP to form five-coordinated complex ions, which were found to be relatively unstable. The remarkable difference in the coordination of DMAP to these two chromium complexes resulted in a significant difference in catalytic activity for the alternating copolymerization of CO(2) and propylene oxide. In the presence of 1 equiv of DMAP, the activity of the chromium-Salan complex 2a was up to 86 h(-1) of TOF at ambient temperature, which was about 30 times that of the corresponding chromium-Salen complex 1a. In sharp contrast to a long induction period up to 2 h with the use of 1a in conjunction with DMAP as catalyst, no initiation time or a very short one was observed in the binary 2a/DMAP catalyst systems. The initiator role of DMAP was confirmed by continuous determination of the propagating polymer species at various intervals using ESI-MS, which in combination with a kinetic study by means of infrared spectroscopy resulted in a mechanistic understanding on the difference in activity of the two catalyst systems for CO(2)/epoxide copolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun-Yan Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
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163
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Trost BM, Hitce J. Direct asymmetric Michael addition to nitroalkenes: vinylogous nucleophilicity under dinuclear zinc catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:4572-3. [PMID: 19281239 PMCID: PMC2679032 DOI: 10.1021/ja809723u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Under dinuclear catalysis, the direct conjugate addition of 2(5H)-furanone to nitroalkenes involves the gamma-position of the nucleophile. The synthetically versatile Michael adducts are prepared in good yields, with high levels of diastereo- and enantioselectivity. A model is presented to rationalize the observed stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M. Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
| | - Julien Hitce
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
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164
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Hong M, Zhang K, Li YZ, Zhu J. Synthesis and structural characterization of copper(II), cadmium(II) and zinc(II) complexes with 4,5-diazaspirobifluorene and bis-9-biphenyl-4,5-diazafluorenyl peroxide. Polyhedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2008.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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165
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Kember M, Knight P, Reung P, Williams C. Highly Active Dizinc Catalyst for the Copolymerization of Carbon Dioxide and Cyclohexene Oxide at One Atmosphere Pressure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200803896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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166
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Kember M, Knight P, Reung P, Williams C. Highly Active Dizinc Catalyst for the Copolymerization of Carbon Dioxide and Cyclohexene Oxide at One Atmosphere Pressure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:931-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200803896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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167
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Knight PD, White AJP, Williams CK. Dinuclear Zinc Complexes Using Pentadentate Phenolate Ligands. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:11711-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ic8014173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul D. Knight
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
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168
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Darensbourg DJ, Fitch SB. An Exploration of the Coupling Reactions of Epoxides and Carbon Dioxide Catalyzed by Tetramethyltetraazaannulene Chromium(III) Derivatives: Formation of Copolymers versus Cyclic Carbonates. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:11868-78. [DOI: 10.1021/ic801728e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shawn B. Fitch
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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169
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Piesik DFJ, Range S, Harder S. Bimetallic Calcium and Zinc Complexes with Bridged β-Diketiminate Ligands: Investigations on Epoxide/CO2 Copolymerization. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800597f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk F.-J. Piesik
- Anorganische Chemie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraβe 5−7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Range
- Anorganische Chemie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraβe 5−7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Anorganische Chemie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraβe 5−7, 45117 Essen, Germany
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170
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Asymmetric, regio- and stereo-selective alternating copolymerization of CO2and propylene oxide catalyzed by chiral chromium Salan complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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171
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172
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyasu Sakakura
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
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173
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Noh EK, Na SJ, S S, Kim SW, Lee BY. Two components in a molecule: highly efficient and thermally robust catalytic system for CO(2)/epoxide copolymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:8082-3. [PMID: 17555318 DOI: 10.1021/ja071290n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyung Noh
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
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174
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Effects of imidazolium salts as cocatalysts on the copolymerization of CO2 with epoxides catalyzed by (salen)CrIIICl complex. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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175
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Abstract
The dinuclear zinc catalyst 1a was found to catalyze the addition of nitroalkanes to carbamate-protected imines. This aza-Henry reaction proceeds with high enantioselectivity when various carbamate-protected imines are used. alpha,beta-Unsaturated imines proved to be a particularly useful class of substrate routinely giving the alpha-nitro amine products in high enantiomeric excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-8080, USA.
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176
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SUGIMOTO H, YAMAZAKI H. Alternating Copolymerization of Carbon Dioxide and Epoxide by Zinc N-Substituted Porphyrins. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2007. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.64.676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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177
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178
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Trost BM, Hisaindee S. A Heterodinuclear Asymmetric Catalyst for Conjugate Additions of α-Hydroxyketones to β-Substituted Nitroalkenes. Org Lett 2006; 8:6003-5. [PMID: 17165915 DOI: 10.1021/ol062485n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[Structure: see text] The bis-ProPhenol ligand was designed to facilitate formation of hetereodinuclear complexes based upon the large difference in pKa of the one phenolic OH group to the tertiary OH groups. In exploring the first example of hydroxyacetophenones as donors in asymmetric Michael reactions with nitroalkene acceptors, the best stereocontrol was observed with a zinc/magnesium dinuclear complex where enantiomeric excesses ranged up to 92% for the major anti diastereomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Trost
- Department of Chemistry. Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, USA.
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179
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Bok T, Yun H, Lee BY. Bimetallic Fluorine-Substituted Anilido−Aldimine Zinc Complexes for CO2/(Cyclohexene Oxide) Copolymerization. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:4228-37. [PMID: 16676985 DOI: 10.1021/ic060060r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Regioselective nucleophilic aromatic substitution of an o-fluorine occurs to afford fluorine-substituted o-phenylene-bridged bis(anilido-aldimine) compounds o-C6H4[(C6H2R2)N=CH-C6F4-(H)N(C6H3R'2)]2 when Li(H)N-C6H3R'2 (R' = iPr, Et, Me) is reacted with o-C6H4[(C6H2R2)N=CH-C6F5]2 (R = iPr, Et, Me) in a nonpolar solvent such as diethyl ether or toluene. Successive additions of Me2Zn and SO2 gas to the bis(anilido-aldimine) compounds afford quantitatively dinuclear mu-methylsulfinato zinc complexes o-C6H4[[(C6H2R2)N=CH-C6F4-N(C6H3R'2)-kappa2N,N]Zn(mu-OS(O)Me)]2 (R = iPr, R' = iPr, 3a; R = iPr, R' = Me, 3c; R = Et, R' = (i)Pr, 3d; R = Et, R' = Et, 3e; R = Et, R' = Me, 3f; R = Me, R' = iPr, 3g; R = Me, R' = Et, 3h; R = Me, R' = Me, 3i). The molecular structure of 3c was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Fluorine-substituted complexes 3a-i show significantly higher TOF (turnover frequencies) than the unfluorinated analogues for CO2/(cyclohexene oxide) copolymerization. The TOF is highly sensitive to the substituents R and R', and the highest TOF (2480 h(-1)) is obtained with 3g (R = Me, R' = iPr). Complex 3g is less sensitive to the residual protic impurities present in the monomers and shows activity at such a low catalyst concentration as [Zn]:[cyclohexene oxide] = 1:50,000, at which the unfluorinated analogue is completely inactive. By realizing the activity at such an extremely low [Zn]:[cyclohexene oxide] ratio, we achieve a high TON (turnover number) up to 10,100. High-molecular-weight polymers (M(n), 100,000-200,000) are obtained with a rather broad molecular-weight distribution (M(w)/M(n), 1.3-2.5). The obtained polymers are not perfectly alternating, and variable carbonate linkages (65-85%) are observed depending on the N-aryl ortho substituents R and R' and the polymerization conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taekki Bok
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
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180
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Liu B, Tian C, Zhang L, Yan W, Zhang W. Copolymerization of carbon dioxide and cyclohexene oxide with zinc/β-ketoiminato complexes: Investigating the influence of the electron structure of zinc/β-ketoiminato complexes on the catalytic activity and resultant copolymer properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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