151
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Lišková M, Voráčová I, Klepárník K, Hezinová V, Přikryl J, Foret F. Conjugation reactions in the preparations of quantum dot-based immunoluminescent probes for analysis of proteins by capillary electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:369-79. [PMID: 21298420 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4700-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A number of biologically important molecules, such as DNA, proteins, and antibodies, are routinely conjugated with fluorescent tags for high-sensitivity analyses. Here, the application of quantum dots in the place of bright and size-tunable luminophores is studied. Several selected bioconjugation reactions via zero-length cross-linkers, long-chain linkers, and oriented methods for linking of quantum dots with proteins were tested. Anti-ovalbumin, anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen, anti-hemagglutinin, and anti-CD3 membrane protein as model antibodies and annexin V were used as high-specificity selectors. The reaction yield and efficiency of the prepared immunoluminescent probes were tested by capillary zone electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lišková
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveri 97, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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152
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Das BK, Tlili C, Badhulika S, Cella LN, Chen W, Mulchandani A. Single-walled carbon nanotubes chemiresistor aptasensors for small molecules: picomolar level detection of adenosine triphosphate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:3793-5. [PMID: 21286623 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04733c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we report single walled-carbon nanotubes (SWNTs)-based chemiresistor aptasensors for highly sensitive and selective detection of weakly or uncharged molecules using the displacement format. As a proof-of-concept we demonstrate the detection of ATP, a small weakly charged molecule, by displacement of the ssDNA anti-ATP aptamer hybridized to a small capture oligonucleotide covalently attached on SWNTs, with picomolar sensitivity and selectivity over GTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basanta K Das
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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153
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Wu W, Zhou T, Berliner A, Banerjee P, Zhou S. Glucose-mediated assembly of phenylboronic acid modified CdTe/ZnTe/ZnS quantum dots for intracellular glucose probing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 49:6554-8. [PMID: 20669205 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weitai Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island of The City University of New York, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
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154
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Xia Y, Song L, Zhu C. Turn-On and Near-Infrared Fluorescent Sensing for 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Based on Hybrid (Gold Nanorod)−(Quantum Dots) Assembly. Anal Chem 2011; 83:1401-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1028825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunsheng Xia
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Lei Song
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Changqing Zhu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
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155
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Li P, Liu Y, Wang X, Tang B. A new FRET nanoprobe for trypsin using a bridged β-cyclodextrin dimer–dye complex and its biological imaging applications. Analyst 2011; 136:4520-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15271h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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156
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Baptista PV, Doria G, Quaresma P, Cavadas M, Neves CS, Gomes I, Eaton P, Pereira E, Franco R. Nanoparticles in molecular diagnostics. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2011; 104:427-88. [PMID: 22093226 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416020-0.00011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of the available and emerging molecular diagnostic methods that take advantage of the unique nanoscale properties of nanoparticles (NPs) to increase the sensitivity, detection capabilities, ease of operation, and portability of the biodetection assemblies. The focus will be on noble metal NPs, especially gold NPs, fluorescent NPs, especially quantum dots, and magnetic NPs, the three main players in the development of probes for biological sensing. The chapter is divided into four sections: a first section covering the unique physicochemical properties of NPs of relevance for their utilization in molecular diagnostics; the second section dedicated to applications of NPs in molecular diagnostics by nucleic acid detection; and the third section with major applications of NPs in the area of immunoassays. Finally, a concluding section highlights the most promising advances in the area and presents future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro V Baptista
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Centro de Investigação em Genética Molecular Humana (CIGMH), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
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157
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Li T, Zhu K, He S, Xia X, Liu S, Wang Z, Jiang X. Sensitive detection of glucose based on gold nanoparticles assisted silver mirror reaction. Analyst 2011; 136:2893-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15256d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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158
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Xue M, Wang X, Wang H, Chen D, Tang B. Hydrogen bond breakage by fluoride anions in a simple CdTe quantum dot/gold nanoparticle FRET system and its analytical application. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:4986-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc05389a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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159
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Ray PC, Yu H, Fu PP. Nanogold-based sensing of environmental toxins: excitement and challenges. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2011; 29:52-89. [PMID: 21424976 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2011.551315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
There have been tremendous advances in the past ten years on the development of various nanomaterials-based sensors for detection of environmental toxins. Nanogold is of special interest because of its unique shape- and size-dependent optical properties, hyper-quenching ability, super surface-enhanced Raman and dynamic light scattering, and surface-modifiability by small organic molecules and biomolecules. These unique optical properties of nanogold have been explored for ultra-sensitive detection, while its surface-modifiability has been explored for selectivity. In general, the nanogold-based sensors are highly selective and sensitive along with simple sample preparation and sensor design. In this review article, we intend to capture some of the recent advances in nanogold-based sensor development and mechanistic studies, especially for bacteria, heavy metals, and nitroaromatic compounds. Undoubtedly, these developments will generate a lot of excitement for environmental scientists and toxicologists as well as the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paresh Chandra Ray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
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160
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Jin L, Shang L, Guo S, Fang Y, Wen D, Wang L, Yin J, Dong S. Biomolecule-stabilized Au nanoclusters as a fluorescence probe for sensitive detection of glucose. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:1965-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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161
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162
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Huang X, Ren J. Gold nanoparticles based chemiluminescent resonance energy transfer for immunoassay of alpha fetoprotein cancer marker. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 686:115-20. [PMID: 21237316 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report a new strategy of chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) by using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as efficient long-range energy acceptor in sandwich immunoassays. In the design of CRET system, we chose the highly sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) reaction of luminol and hydrogen peroxide catalysed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) because the CL spectrum of luminol (λ(max) 425 nm) partially overlaps with the visible absorption bands of AuNPs. On the basis of CRET strategy, we developed a sandwich immunoassay of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) cancer marker. In immunoassay, two antibodies (anti-AFP-1 and anti-AFP-2) were conjugated to AuNPs and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), respectively. The sandwich-type immunoreactions between the AFP (antigen) and the two different antibodies bridged the donors (luminol) and acceptors (AuNPs), which led to the occurrence of CRET from luminol to AuNPs upon chemiluminescent reaction. We observed that the quenching of chemiluminescence signal depended linearly on the AFP concentration within a range of concentration from 5 to 70 ng mL(-1) and the detection limit of AFP was 2.5 ng mL(-1). Our method was successfully applied for determination of AFP levels in sera from cancer patients, and the results were in good agreement with ELISA assays. This approach is expected to be extended to other assay designs, that is, using other antibodies, analytes, chemiluminescent substance, and even other metallic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Huang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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163
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Pickup JC, Zhi ZL, Khan F, Saxl TE. Nanomedicine in diabetes management: where we are now and where next. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2010; 5:791-794. [PMID: 30780832 DOI: 10.1586/eem.10.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John C Pickup
- a Diabetes Research Group, King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Zheng-Liang Zhi
- b Diabetes Research Group, King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Faaizah Khan
- b Diabetes Research Group, King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Tania E Saxl
- b Diabetes Research Group, King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 1UL, UK
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164
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Zhang K, Mei Q, Guan G, Liu B, Wang S, Zhang Z. Ligand Replacement-Induced Fluorescence Switch of Quantum Dots for Ultrasensitive Detection of Organophosphorothioate Pesticides. Anal Chem 2010; 82:9579-86. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102531z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kui Zhang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qingsong Mei
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guijian Guan
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bianhua Liu
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Suhua Wang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhongping Zhang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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165
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Cash KJ, Clark HA. Nanosensors and nanomaterials for monitoring glucose in diabetes. Trends Mol Med 2010; 16:584-93. [PMID: 20869318 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, diabetes is a rapidly growing problem that is managed at the individual level by monitoring and controlling blood glucose levels to minimize the negative effects of the disease. Because of limitations in diagnostic methods, significant research efforts are focused on developing improved methods to measure glucose. Nanotechnology has impacted these efforts by increasing the surface area of sensors, improving the catalytic properties of electrodes and providing nanoscale sensors. Here, we discuss developments in the past several years on both nanosensors that directly measure glucose and nanomaterials that improve glucose sensor function. Finally, we discuss challenges that must be overcome to apply these developments in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Cash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 110 Mugar Life Sciences Building, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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166
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Liu M, Zhao H, Quan X, Chen S, Fan X. Distance-independent quenching of quantum dots by nanoscale-graphene in self-assembled sandwich immunoassay. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:7909-11. [PMID: 20856985 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02085k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A promising one-step homogeneous fluoroimmunoassay based on nanoscale-graphene sheets as powerful fluorescence acceptors and CdTe quantum dots as vigorous donors was designed to detect trace biomarker protein with distance-independent quenching efficiency, which significantly broke the distance limit (100 Å) in traditional fluorescent biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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167
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Hutter E, Maysinger D. Gold nanoparticles and quantum dots for bioimaging. Microsc Res Tech 2010; 74:592-604. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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168
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Wu W, Mitra N, Yan ECY, Zhou S. Multifunctional hybrid nanogel for integration of optical glucose sensing and self-regulated insulin release at physiological pH. ACS NANO 2010; 4:4831-9. [PMID: 20731458 DOI: 10.1021/nn1008319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Optical detection of glucose, high drug loading capacity, and self-regulated drug delivery are simultaneously possible using a multifunctional hybrid nanogel particle under a rational design in a colloid chemistry method. Such hybrid nanogels are made of Ag nanoparticle (NP) cores covered by a copolymer gel shell of poly(4-vinylphenylboronic acid-co-2-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate) [p(VPBA-DMAEA)]. The introduction of the glucose sensitive p(VPBA-DMAEA) gel shell onto Ag NPs makes the polymer-bound Ag NPs responsive to glucose. While the small sized Ag cores (10 +/- 3 nm) provide fluorescence as an optical code, the responsive polymer gel shell can adapt to a surrounding medium of different glucose concentrations over a clinically relevant range (0-30 mM), convert the disruptions in homeostasis of glucose level into optical signals, and regulate release of preloaded insulin. This shows a new proof-of-concept for diabetes treatment that exploits the properties from each building block of a multifunctional nano-object. The highly versatile multifunctional hybrid nanogels could potentially be used for simultaneous optical diagnosis, self-regulated therapy, and monitoring of the response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitai Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island of The City University of New York, 2800 Victory Boulevard, Staten Island, New York 10314, USA
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169
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Wu W, Zhou T, Berliner A, Banerjee P, Zhou S. Glucose-Mediated Assembly of Phenylboronic Acid Modified CdTe/ZnTe/ZnS Quantum Dots for Intracellular Glucose Probing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201001508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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170
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Determination of L-tyrosine Based on Luminescence Quenching of Mn-Doped ZnSe Quantum Dots in Enzyme Catalysis System. J Fluoresc 2010; 21:125-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-010-0696-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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171
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Algar WR, Tavares AJ, Krull UJ. Beyond labels: A review of the application of quantum dots as integrated components of assays, bioprobes, and biosensors utilizing optical transduction. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 673:1-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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172
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Algar WR, Krull UJ. New opportunities in multiplexed optical bioanalyses using quantum dots and donor–acceptor interactions. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:2439-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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173
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Wu W, Zhou T, Aiello M, Zhou S. Construction of optical glucose nanobiosensor with high sensitivity and selectivity at physiological pH on the basis of organic-inorganic hybrid microgels. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 25:2603-10. [PMID: 20471821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new class of optical glucose nanobiosensors with high sensitivity and selectivity at physiological pH is described. To construct these glucose nanobiosensors, the fluorescent CdS quantum dots (QDs), serving as the optical code, were incorporated into the glucose-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-acrylamide-2-acrylamidomethyl-5-fluorophenylboronic acid) copolymer microgels, via both in situ growth method and "breathing in" method, respectively. The polymeric gel can adapt to surrounding glucose concentrations, and regulate the fluorescence of the embedded QDs, converting biochemical signals into optical signals. The gradual swelling of the gel would lead to the quenching of the fluorescence at the elevated glucose concentrations. The hybrid microgels displayed high selectivity to glucose over the potential primary interferents of lactate and human serum albumin in the physiologically important glucose concentration range. The stability, reversibility, and sensitivity of the organic-inorganic hybrid microgel-based biosensors were also systematically studied. These general properties of our nanobiosensors are well tunable under appropriate tailor on the hybrid microgels, in particular, simply through the change in the crosslinking degree of the microgels. The optical glucose nanobiosensors based on the organic-inorganic hybrid microgels have shown the potential for a third generation fluorescent biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitai Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
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174
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Algar WR, Krull UJ. Developing mixed films of immobilized oligonucleotides and quantum dots for the multiplexed detection of nucleic acid hybridization using a combination of fluorescence resonance energy transfer and direct excitation of fluorescence. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:6041-6047. [PMID: 20000340 DOI: 10.1021/la903751m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Methods have been developed for the simultaneous and selective detection of three target nucleic acid sequences based on mixed films of immobilized quantum dots (QDs) and oligonucleotide probes. CdSe/ZnS QDs were immobilized on optical fibers and conjugated with mixtures of different probe oligonucleotides. Hybridization events were detected using a combination of fluorescence from direct excitation and fluorescence sensitized by resonance energy transfer (FRET). A sandwich assay format was used to associate dye labeled reporter oligonucleotides with probe-target hybrids formed at the surface of the optical fiber. One detection channel utilized direct excitation of Pacific Blue and the two other detection channels were based on FRET. In one strategy, green emitting QDs were used as donors with Cy3 and Rhodamine Red-X acceptors. In a second strategy, green and red emitting QDs were coimmobilized and used as donors with Cy3 and Alexa Fluor 647 acceptors, respectively. Selective three-plex detection was demonstrated with both strategies. Several key design criteria that were explored to optimize the relative signal magnitude between channels included: the ratio of probe associated with direct excitation versus probes associated with FRET; the relative amounts of each FRET probe and corresponding spectral overlap; and the photoluminescence ratio between immobilized green and red emitting QDs (where applicable). Careful selection of probe sequences and lengths were important for the discrimination of single nucleotide polymorphisms in one channel without suppressing binding of target in the other two channels. This work provides a basis for the development of multiplexed biosensors that are ensemble compatible and do not require discrete sensor elements, spatial registration, sorting technology, or single molecule spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Russ Algar
- Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, North, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada
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175
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Cella LN, Chen W, Myung NV, Mulchandani A. Single-walled carbon nanotube-based chemiresistive affinity biosensors for small molecules: ultrasensitive glucose detection. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:5024-6. [PMID: 20334381 PMCID: PMC3292278 DOI: 10.1021/ja100503b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report for the first time single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)-based chemiresistive affinity sensors for highly sensitive and selective detection of small and/or weakly charged or uncharged molecules using a displacement format. The detection of glucose, a small, weakly charged molecule, by displacement of plant lectin (concavalin A) bound to a polysaccharide (dextran) immobilized on SWNTs with picomolar sensitivity and selectivity over other sugars and human serum proteins is demonstrated as a proof of concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi N. Cella
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program; University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Wilfred Chen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program; University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Nosang V. Myung
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Ashok Mulchandani
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program; University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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176
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Khan F, Saxl TE, Pickup JC. Fluorescence intensity- and lifetime-based glucose sensing using an engineered high-Kd mutant of glucose/galactose-binding protein. Anal Biochem 2010; 399:39-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Revised: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 11/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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177
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Su XR, Zhang W, Zhou L, Peng XN, Wang QQ. Plasmon-enhanced Förster energy transfer between semiconductor quantum dots: multipole effects. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:6516-6521. [PMID: 20389674 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.006516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrated plasmon-assisted energy transfer (ET) between CdSe semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) self-assembled in a monolayer by using time-resolved micro-photoluminescence (PL) technique. The enhancements of PL intensity and ET efficiency were manipulated by adjusting thickness (Delta) of SiO(2) coating on large Ag nanoparticles. The PL enhancement factor of the acceptor QDs and the PL intensity ratio of acceptor-to-donor reached their maxima approximately 47 and approximately 14 when Delta = 7 nm, the corresponding ET efficiency reached 86%. We also presented theoretical analysis based on the rate equation. The theoretical calculations agreed with experimental data and revealed interesting physics of multipole effect, and metal nanoparticle induced quench effect and plasmon-enhanced Förster ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong-Rui Su
- Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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178
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Labib M, Hedström M, Amin M, Mattiasson B. A novel competitive capacitive glucose biosensor based on concanavalin A-labeled nanogold colloids assembled on a polytyramine-modified gold electrode. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 659:194-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Revised: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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179
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Li YQ, Wang JH, Zhang HL, Yang J, Guan LY, Chen H, Luo QM, Zhao YD. High-sensitivity quantum dot-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer bioanalysis by capillary electrophoresis. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 25:1283-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Revised: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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180
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Wang H, Nakata E, Hamachi I. Recent progress in strategies for the creation of protein-based fluorescent biosensors. Chembiochem 2010; 10:2560-77. [PMID: 19693761 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The creation of novel bioanalytical tools for the detection and monitoring of a range of important target substances and biological events in vivo and in vitro is a great challenge in chemical biology and biotechnology. Protein-based fluorescent biosensors--integrated devices that convert a molecular-recognition event to a fluorescent signal--have recently emerged as a powerful tool. As the recognition units various proteins that can specifically recognize and bind a variety of molecules of biological significance with high affinity are employed. For the transducer, fluorescent proteins, such as green fluorescent protein (GFP) or synthetic fluorophores, are mostly adopted. Recent progress in protein engineering and organic synthesis allows us to manipulate proteins genetically and/or chemically, and a library of such protein scaffolds has been significantly expanded by genome projects. In this review, we briefly describe the recent progress of protein-based fluorescent biosensors on the basis of their platform and construction strategy, which are primarily divided into the genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors and chemically constructed biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangxiang Wang
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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181
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Bogdan N, Vetrone F, Roy R, Capobianco JA. Carbohydrate-coated lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles for lectin recognition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm01617a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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182
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Luminescence Amplification Strategies Integrated with Microparticle and Nanoparticle Platforms. LUMINESCENCE APPLIED IN SENSOR SCIENCE 2010; 300:51-91. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2010_99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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183
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Jia L, Xu JP, Li D, Pang SP, Fang Y, Song ZG, Ji J. Fluorescence detection of alkaline phosphatase activity with β-cyclodextrin-modified quantum dots. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:7166-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc01244k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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184
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Algar WR, Krull UJ. Multiplexed Interfacial Transduction of Nucleic Acid Hybridization Using a Single Color of Immobilized Quantum Dot Donor and Two Acceptors in Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer. Anal Chem 2009; 82:400-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ac902221d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Russ Algar
- Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto, Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Ulrich J. Krull
- Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto, Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
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185
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Neely A, Perry C, Varisli B, Singh AK, Arbneshi T, Senapati D, Kalluri JR, Ray PC. Ultrasensitive and highly selective detection of Alzheimer's disease biomarker using two-photon Rayleigh scattering properties of gold nanoparticle. ACS NANO 2009; 3:2834-40. [PMID: 19691350 PMCID: PMC2749966 DOI: 10.1021/nn900813b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive mental disorder disease, which affects 26.6 million people worldwide and estimated increments can be 100 millions by 2050. Since there is no cure at present, early diagnosis of AD is crucial for the current drug treatments. Driven by the need, here we demonstrate for the first time that monoclonal anti-tau antibody-coated gold nanoparticle based two-photon scattering assay can be used for the detection of Alzheimer's tau protein in the 1 pg/mL level which is about 2 orders of magnitude lower than cutoff values (195 pg/mL) for tau protein in CSF (cerebrospinal fluid). We have shown that when anti-tau antibody-coated gold nanoparticles were mixed with 20 ng/mL of tau protein, two-photon Rayleigh scattering intensity (TPRS) increases by about 16 times. The mechanism of TPRS intensity change has been discussed. Our data demonstrated that our TPRS assay is highly sensitive to tau protein and it can distinguish from BSA, which is one of the most abundant protein components in CSF. Our results demonstrate the potential for a broad application of this type of nanobionanotechnology in practical biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adria Neely
- Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA , Fax: 601-979-3674
| | - Candice Perry
- Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA , Fax: 601-979-3674
| | - Birsen Varisli
- Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA , Fax: 601-979-3674
| | - Anant K. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA , Fax: 601-979-3674
| | - Tahir Arbneshi
- Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA , Fax: 601-979-3674
| | - Dulal Senapati
- Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA , Fax: 601-979-3674
| | - Jhansi Rani Kalluri
- Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA , Fax: 601-979-3674
| | - Paresh Chandra Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA , Fax: 601-979-3674
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186
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Chen YJ, Yan XP. Chemical redox modulation of the surface chemistry of CdTe quantum dots for probing ascorbic acid in biological fluids. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2009; 5:2012-2018. [PMID: 19444852 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200900291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Most of the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based sensors employing quantum dots (QDs) usually use organic fluorophores and gold nanoparticles as the quenchers. However, complex processes for the modification/immobilization of the QDs are always necessary, as the generation of FRET requires strict distance between the donor and acceptor. Herein, a simple chemical redox strategy for modulating the surface chemistry of the QDs to develop a QD-based turn-on fluorescent probe is reported. The principle of the strategy is demonstrated by employing CdTe QDs with KMnO(4) as the quencher and ascorbic acid as the target analyte. The fluorescence of CdTe QDs is quenched with a blue-shift upon addition of KMnO(4) due to the oxidation of the Te atoms on the surface of the QDs. The quenched fluorescence of the QDs is then recovered upon addition of ascorbic acid due to the reduction of CdTeO(3)/TeO(2) on the surface of the QDs to CdTe. The recovered fluorescence of the QDs increases linearly with the concentration of ascorbic acid from 0.3 to 10 microM. Thus, a novel QD-based turn-on fluorescent probe with a detection limit as low as 74 nM is developed for the sensitive and selective detection of ascorbic acid in biological fluids. The present approach avoids the complex modification/immobilization of the QDs involved in FRET-based sensors, and opens a simple pathway to developing cost-effective, sensitive, and selective QD-based fluorescence turn-on sensors/probes for biologically significant antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jun Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
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187
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Do J, Huh J, Kim E. Solvatochromic fluorescence of piperazine-modified bipyridazines for an organic solvent-sensitive film. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:9405-9412. [PMID: 19601612 DOI: 10.1021/la901476q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bipyridazines were modified with heterocyclic amines such as piperazine to give symmetric quadrupolar (SPBP) and asymmetric dipolar (APBP) bipyridazine. The fluorescence of SPBP and APBP was highly sensitive to solvent polarity, giving a synthetic rainbow of emission in different organic solvents. The solvent-induced changes in the Stokes shift of the bipyridazines resulted in positive solvatochromism. The symmetric bipyridazine showed higher solvatochromic sensitivity than that of the asymmetric bipyridazine and diazines. The positive solvatochromic fluorescence properties were reproduced in a binary system of toluene/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) mixture, which showed a synthetic rainbow of emission by varying the DMSO content in toluene. An organic sensitive poly(methyl methacrylate) film containing SPBP exhibited a visible sensitivity for the detection of solvents by their polarity upon exposure to organic solvent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaekwon Do
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 262 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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188
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Singh AK, Senapati D, Wang S, Griffin J, Neely A, Candice P, Naylor KM, Varisli B, Kalluri JR, Ray PC. Gold Nanorod Based Selective Identification of Escherichia coli Bacteria Using Two-Photon Rayleigh Scattering Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2009; 3:1906-12. [PMID: 19572619 PMCID: PMC2888863 DOI: 10.1021/nn9005494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The presence of E. coli in foodstuffs and drinking water is a chronic worldwide problem. The worldwide food production industry is worth about U.S. $578 billion, and the demand for biosensors to detect pathogens and pollutants in foodstuffs is growing day by day. Driven by the need, we report for the first time that two-photon Rayleigh scattering (TPRS) properties of gold nanorods can be used for rapid, highly sensitive and selective detection of Escherichia coli bacteria from aqueous solution, without any amplification or enrichment in 50 colony forming units (cfu)/mL level with excellent discrimination against any other bacteria. TPRS intensity increases 40 times when anti- E. coli antibody-conjugated nanorods were mixed with various concentrations of Escherichia coli O157:H7 bacterium. The mechanism of TPRS intensity change has been discussed. This bionanotechnology assay could be adapted in studies using antibodies specific for various bacterial pathogens for the detection of a wide variety of bacterial pathogens used as bioterrorism agents in food, clinical samples, and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anant K. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Dulal Senapati
- Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Shuguang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jelani Griffin
- Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Adria Neely
- Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Perry Candice
- Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | | | - Birsen Varisli
- Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
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189
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Algar WR, Krull UJ. Toward a multiplexed solid-phase nucleic acid hybridization assay using quantum dots as donors in fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Anal Chem 2009; 81:4113-20. [PMID: 19358559 DOI: 10.1021/ac900421p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase assays using immobilized quantum dots (QDs) as donors in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) have been developed for the selective detection of nucleic acids. QDs were immobilized on optical fibers and conjugated with probe oligonucleotides. Hybridization with acceptor labeled target oligonucleotides generated FRET-sensitized acceptor fluorescence that was used as the analytical signal. A sandwich assay was also introduced and avoided the need for target labeling. Green and red emitting CdSe/ZnS QDs were used as donors with Cy3 and Alexa Fluor 647 acceptors, respectively. Quantitative measurements were made via spectrofluorimetry or fluorescence microscopy. Detection limits as low as 1 nM were obtained, and the discrimination of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with contrast ratios as high as 31:1 was possible. The assays retained their selectivity and at least 50% of their signal when tested in bovine serum and against a large background of noncomplementary genomic DNA. Mixed films of the two colors of QD and two probe oligonucleotide sequences were prepared for multiplexed solid-phase hybridization assays. It was possible to simultaneously detect two target sequences with retention of selectivity, including SNP discrimination. This research provides an important precedent and framework for the future development of QD-based bioassays and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Russ Algar
- Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
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190
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Wu P, Li Y, Yan XP. CdTe Quantum Dots (QDs) Based Kinetic Discrimination of Fe2+ and Fe3+, and CdTe QDs-Fenton Hybrid System for Sensitive Photoluminescent Detection of Fe2+. Anal Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900788w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yan Li
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Yan
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
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191
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Bi S, Yan Y, Yang X, Zhang S. Gold Nanolabels for New Enhanced Chemiluminescence Immunoassay of Alpha-Fetoprotein Based on Magnetic Beads. Chemistry 2009; 15:4704-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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192
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Walling MA, Novak JA, Shepard JRE. Quantum dots for live cell and in vivo imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2009. [PMID: 19333416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10020441;+10.3390/ijms10020441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, technology has made immeasurable strides to enable visualization, identification, and quantitation in biological systems. Many of these technological advancements are occurring on the nanometer scale, where multiple scientific disciplines are combining to create new materials with enhanced properties. The integration of inorganic synthetic methods with a size reduction to the nano-scale has lead to the creation of a new class of optical reporters, called quantum dots. These semiconductor quantum dot nanocrystals have emerged as an alternative to organic dyes and fluorescent proteins, and are brighter and more stable against photobleaching than standard fluorescent indicators. Quantum dots have tunable optical properties that have proved useful in a wide range of applications from multiplexed analysis such as DNA detection and cell sorting and tracking, to most recently demonstrating promise for in vivo imaging and diagnostics. This review provides an in-depth discussion of past, present, and future trends in quantum dot use with an emphasis on in vivo imaging and its related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen A Walling
- University at Albany, Department of Chemistry, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Jennifer A Novak
- University at Albany, Department of Chemistry, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Jason R E Shepard
- University at Albany, Department of Chemistry, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY 12222, USA
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193
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Bahshi L, Freeman R, Gill R, Willner I. Optical detection of glucose by means of metal nanoparticles or semiconductor quantum dots. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2009; 5:676-680. [PMID: 19226598 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200801403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lily Bahshi
- Institute of Chemistry The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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194
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Zhong W. Nanomaterials in fluorescence-based biosensing. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:47-59. [PMID: 19221721 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2643-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Revised: 12/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence-based detection is the most common method utilized in biosensing because of its high sensitivity, simplicity, and diversity. In the era of nanotechnology, nanomaterials are starting to replace traditional organic dyes as detection labels because they offer superior optical properties, such as brighter fluorescence, wider selections of excitation and emission wavelengths, higher photostability, etc. Their size- or shape-controllable optical characteristics also facilitate the selection of diverse probes for higher assay throughput. Furthermore, the nanostructure can provide a solid support for sensing assays with multiple probe molecules attached to each nanostructure, simplifying assay design and increasing the labeling ratio for higher sensitivity. The current review summarizes the applications of nanomaterials--including quantum dots, metal nanoparticles, and silica nanoparticles--in biosensing using detection techniques such as fluorescence, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), fluorescence lifetime measurement, and multiphoton microscopy. The advantages nanomaterials bring to the field of biosensing are discussed. The review also points out the importance of analytical separations in the preparation of nanomaterials with fine optical and physical properties for biosensing. In conclusion, nanotechnology provides a great opportunity to analytical chemists to develop better sensing strategies, but also relies on modern analytical techniques to pave its way to practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwan Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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195
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Abstract
In the past few decades, technology has made immeasurable strides to enable visualization, identification, and quantitation in biological systems. Many of these technological advancements are occurring on the nanometer scale, where multiple scientific disciplines are combining to create new materials with enhanced properties. The integration of inorganic synthetic methods with a size reduction to the nano-scale has lead to the creation of a new class of optical reporters, called quantum dots. These semiconductor quantum dot nanocrystals have emerged as an alternative to organic dyes and fluorescent proteins, and are brighter and more stable against photobleaching than standard fluorescent indicators. Quantum dots have tunable optical properties that have proved useful in a wide range of applications from multiplexed analysis such as DNA detection and cell sorting and tracking, to most recently demonstrating promise for in vivo imaging and diagnostics. This review provides an in-depth discussion of past, present, and future trends in quantum dot use with an emphasis on in vivo imaging and its related applications.
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196
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Walling MA, Novak JA, Shepard JRE. Quantum dots for live cell and in vivo imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:441-491. [PMID: 19333416 PMCID: PMC2660663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10020441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Revised: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, technology has made immeasurable strides to enable visualization, identification, and quantitation in biological systems. Many of these technological advancements are occurring on the nanometer scale, where multiple scientific disciplines are combining to create new materials with enhanced properties. The integration of inorganic synthetic methods with a size reduction to the nano-scale has lead to the creation of a new class of optical reporters, called quantum dots. These semiconductor quantum dot nanocrystals have emerged as an alternative to organic dyes and fluorescent proteins, and are brighter and more stable against photobleaching than standard fluorescent indicators. Quantum dots have tunable optical properties that have proved useful in a wide range of applications from multiplexed analysis such as DNA detection and cell sorting and tracking, to most recently demonstrating promise for in vivo imaging and diagnostics. This review provides an in-depth discussion of past, present, and future trends in quantum dot use with an emphasis on in vivo imaging and its related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen A Walling
- University at Albany, Department of Chemistry, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY 12222, USA; E-Mails:
(M. W.);
(J. N.)
| | - Jennifer A Novak
- University at Albany, Department of Chemistry, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY 12222, USA; E-Mails:
(M. W.);
(J. N.)
| | - Jason R. E Shepard
- University at Albany, Department of Chemistry, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY 12222, USA; E-Mails:
(M. W.);
(J. N.)
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197
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Wang X, Guo X. Ultrasensitive Pb2+ detection based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between quantum dots and gold nanoparticles. Analyst 2009; 134:1348-54. [DOI: 10.1039/b822744f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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198
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Shan Y, Xu JJ, Chen HY. Distance-dependent quenching and enhancing of electrochemiluminescence from a CdS:Mn nanocrystal film by Au nanoparticles for highly sensitive detection of DNA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:905-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b821049g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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199
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Wu W, Zhou T, Shen J, Zhou S. Optical detection of glucose by CdS quantum dots immobilized in smart microgels. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:4390-2. [DOI: 10.1039/b907348e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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200
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Green M, Williamson P, Samalova M, Davis J, Brovelli S, Dobson P, Cacialli F. Synthesis of type II/type I CdTe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots and their use in cellular imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b913292a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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