151
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Ayats C, Henseler AH, Pericàs MA. A solid-supported organocatalyst for continuous-flow enantioselective aldol reactions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2012; 5:320-5. [PMID: 22442839 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric aldol reactions catalyzed by a novel polystyrene-immobilized proline derivative occur in short reaction times with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivity. The catalyst can be recovered by simple filtration and shows very high reusability. The high activity depicted by the supported catalyst and its chemical and mechanical stability have allowed its application in packed-bed reactors for continuous flow processing. This system can produce enantio- and diastereomerically pure aldol adducts under continuous flow conditions with a residence time of 26 min. Furthermore, the reactor allowed processing of four different aldol products in sequence without any decrease in both catalytic activity and optical purity. The effective catalyst loading could be reduced to 1.6% (six-fold reduction of catalyst loading compared to the corresponding batch process).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Ayats
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Tarragona, Spain
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152
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Matsukawa S, Fujikawa S. Polystyrene-supported TBD as an efficient and reusable organocatalyst for cyanosilylation of aldehydes, ketones, and imines. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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153
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Cancogni D, Mandoli A, Jumde RP, Pini D. Silicone-Supported Cinchona Alkaloid Derivatives as Insoluble Organocatalysts in the Enantioselective Dimerization of Ketenes. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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154
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Zhang Y, Riduan SN. Functional porous organic polymers for heterogeneous catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:2083-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15227k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 749] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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155
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Matsukawa S, Harada T, Yasuda S. Polystyrene-supported TBD catalyzed ring-opening of N-tosylaziridines with silylated nucleophiles. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:4886-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25435b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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156
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Dalpozzo R, Bartoli G, Bencivenni G. Recent advances in organocatalytic methods for the synthesis of disubstituted 2- and 3-indolinones. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:7247-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35100e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 539] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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157
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Fotaras S, Kokotos CG, Kokotos G. A tripeptide-like prolinamide-thiourea as an aldol reaction catalyst. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:5613-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25693b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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158
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159
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Hernández JG, Juaristi E. Recent efforts directed to the development of more sustainable asymmetric organocatalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:5396-409. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc30951c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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160
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Opalka SM, Longstreet AR, McQuade DT. Continuous proline catalysis via leaching of solid proline. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:1671-9. [PMID: 22238546 PMCID: PMC3252872 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate that a homogeneous catalyst can be prepared continuously via reaction with a packed-bed of a catalyst precursor. Specifically, we perform continuous proline catalyzed α-aminoxylations using a packed-bed of L-proline. The system relies on a multistep sequence in which an aldehyde and thiourea additive are passed through a column of solid proline, presumably forming a soluble oxazolidinone intermediate. This transports a catalytic amount of proline from the packed-bed into the reactor coil for subsequent combination with a solution of nitrosobenzene, affording the desired optically active α-aminooxy alcohol after reduction. To our knowledge, this is the first example in which a homogeneous catalyst is produced continuously using a packed-bed. We predict that the method will not only be useful for other L-proline catalyzed reactions, but we also foresee that it could be used to produce other catalytic species in flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Opalka
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Ashley R Longstreet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - D Tyler McQuade
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
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161
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Krane Thvedt TH, Kristensen TE, Sundby E, Hansen T, Hoff BH. Enantioselectivity, swelling and stability of 4-hydroxyprolinol containing acrylic polymer beads in the asymmetric reduction of ketones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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162
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Bleschke C, Schmidt J, Kundu DS, Blechert S, Thomas A. A Chiral Microporous Polymer Network as Asymmetric Heterogeneous Organocatalyst. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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163
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Romanski J, Karbarz M, Pyrzynska K, Jurczak J, Stojek Z. Polymeric hydrogels modified with ornithine and lysine: Sorption and release of metal cations and amino acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.25063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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164
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Giacalone F, Gruttadauria M, Agrigento P, Campisciano V, Noto R. Polystyrene-supported organocatalysts for α-selenenylation and Michael reactions. CATAL COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2011.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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165
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Lu A, Smart TP, Epps TH, Longbottom DA, O'Reilly RK. L-Proline Functionalized Polymers Prepared by RAFT Polymerization and Their Assemblies as Supported Organocatalysts. Macromolecules 2011; 44:7233-7241. [PMID: 22053116 DOI: 10.1021/ma201256m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have prepared a range of well-defined copolymers of styrene and L-proline functionalized styrene (5-11 kDa) using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization techniques and explored their use in supported catalysis. Upon deprotection of the L-proline functionalities, the solution self-assembly of these copolymers was investigated in mixed solvent systems. The resulting assemblies were characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy (on graphene oxide substrates, along with cryo-TEM and tomography), and scanning electron microscopy. The application of these functional assemblies as supported catalysts for the aldol condensation reaction was explored using cyclohexanone and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde. The rate and selectivity of solution catalysis in our self-assembled system were comparable to those of L-proline, and a significant advantage of our system was that the polymer support could be utilized at lower catalyst loadings with comparable activity and also could be recycled a number of times while maintaining activity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annhelen Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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166
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Doyagüez EG, Corrales G, Garrido L, Rodríguez-Hernández J, Gallardo A, Fernández-Mayoralas A. Linear Copolymers of Proline Methacrylate and Styrene as Catalysts for Aldol Reactions in Water: Effect of the Copolymer Aggregation on the Enantioselectivity. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201159n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa G. Doyagüez
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Corrales
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leoncio Garrido
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Gallardo
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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167
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Moyano A, Rios R. Asymmetric organocatalytic cyclization and cycloaddition reactions. Chem Rev 2011; 111:4703-832. [PMID: 21615119 DOI: 10.1021/cr100348t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 712] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Moyano
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, C. Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028-Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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168
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Arakawa Y, Wiesner M, Wennemers H. Efficient Recovery and Reuse of an Immobilized Peptidic Organocatalyst. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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169
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Maltsev OV, Chizhov AO, Zlotin SG. Chiral Ionic Liquid/ESI‐MS Methodology as an Efficient Tool for the Study of Transformations of Supported Organocatalysts: Deactivation Pathways of Jørgensen–Hayashi‐Type Catalysts in Asymmetric Michael Reactions. Chemistry 2011; 17:6109-17. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V. Maltsev
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp., 47 (Russian Federation), Fax: (+7) 499‐135‐53‐28
- Department of Technology of Organic Compounds, D.I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Miusskaya pl., 9 (Russian Federation)
| | - Alexander O. Chizhov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp., 47 (Russian Federation), Fax: (+7) 499‐135‐53‐28
| | - Sergei G. Zlotin
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp., 47 (Russian Federation), Fax: (+7) 499‐135‐53‐28
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170
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Synthesis of the (2S,4S)-stereoisomers of 4-(indol-1-yl) and 4-arylamino derivatives of 5-oxoproline, proline, and 2-hydroxymethylpyrrolidine. Russ Chem Bull 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-011-0137-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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171
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Shi JY, Wang CA, Li ZJ, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Wang W. Heterogeneous Organocatalysis at Work: Functionalization of Hollow Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica Spheres with MacMillan Catalyst. Chemistry 2011; 17:6206-13. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Yi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 9318915557
| | - Chang An Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 9318915557
| | - Zhi Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 9318915557
| | - Qiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 9318915557
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 9318915557
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 9318915557
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172
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Vigorov AY, Nizova IA, Sadretdinova LS, Ezhikova MA, Kodess MI, Ganebnykh IN, Krasnov VP. Chemoselectivity in the Reduction of (2S,4S)-4-Amino-5-oxoproline Derivatives with Borane Complexes. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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173
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Powell AB, Suzuki Y, Ueda M, Bielawski CW, Cowley AH. A Recyclable, Self-Supported Organocatalyst Based on a Poly(N-Heterocyclic Carbene). J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:5218-20. [DOI: 10.1021/ja200602e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam B. Powell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, United States
| | - Yasuo Suzuki
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ueda
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, United States
| | - Alan H. Cowley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, United States
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174
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Demuynck ALW, Peng L, de Clippel F, Vanderleyden J, Jacobs PA, Sels BF. Solid Acids as Heterogeneous Support for Primary Amino Acid-Derived Diamines in Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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175
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Li J, Yang G, Qin Y, Yang X, Cui Y. Recyclable Merrifield resin-supported thiourea organocatalysts derived from l-proline for direct asymmetric aldol reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2011.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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176
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Wu C, Fu X, Li S. A Highly Efficient, Large-Scale, Asymmetric Direct Aldol Reaction Employing Simple Threonine Derivatives as Recoverable Organocatalysts in the Presence of Water. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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177
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Gleeson O, Davies GL, Peschiulli A, Tekoriute R, Gun'ko YK, Connon SJ. The immobilisation of chiral organocatalysts on magnetic nanoparticles: the support particle cannot always be considered inert. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:7929-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06110k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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178
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Schulz K, Ratjen L, Martens J. Homo- and heterogeneous organocatalysis: enantioselective Mannich addition of ketones to endocyclic carbon–nitrogen double bonds. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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