151
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Vaast A, De Vos J, Broeckhoven K, Verstraeten M, Eeltink S, Desmet G. Maximizing the peak capacity using coupled columns packed with 2.6μm core–shell particles operated at 1200bar. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1256:72-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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152
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Tharmalingam T, Adamczyk B, Doherty MA, Royle L, Rudd PM. Strategies for the profiling, characterisation and detailed structural analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides. Glycoconj J 2012; 30:137-46. [PMID: 22922975 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-012-9443-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Many post-translational modifications, including glycosylation, are pivotal for the structural integrity, location and functional activity of glycoproteins. Sub-populations of proteins that are relocated or functionally changed by such modifications can change resting proteins into active ones, mediating specific effector functions, as in the case of monoclonal antibodies. To ensure safe and efficacious drugs it is essential to employ appropriate robust, quantitative analytical strategies that can (i) perform detailed glycan structural analysis, (ii) characterise specific subsets of glycans to assess known critical features of therapeutic activities (iii) rapidly profile glycan pools for at-line monitoring or high level batch to batch screening. Here we focus on these aspects of glycan analysis, showing how state-of-the-art technologies are required at all stages during the production of recombinant glycotherapeutics. These data can provide insights into processing pathways and suggest markers for intervention at critical control points in bioprocessing and also critical decision points in disease and drug monitoring in patients. Importantly, these tools are now enabling the first glycome/genome studies in large populations, allowing the integration of glycomics into other 'omics platforms in a systems biology context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharmala Tharmalingam
- NIBRT Glycobiology Laboratory, NIBRT - The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co Dublin, Ireland
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153
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Moura F, de Almeida FG, Rebelo Lopes B, Bezerra Cass Q. Quantification of ampicillin in bovine milk by coupled-column ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:2615-20. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Quezia Bezerra Cass
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of São Carlos; São Carlos São Paulo Brazil
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154
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Poole CF. Stationary phases for packed-column supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1250:157-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 12/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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155
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Evaluation of recent very efficient wide-pore stationary phases for the reversed-phase separation of proteins. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1252:90-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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156
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Pailleux F, Beaudry F. Internal standard strategies for relative and absolute quantitation of peptides in biological matrices by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 26:881-91. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Francis Beaudry
- Groupe de Recherche en Pharmacologie Animal du Québec (GREPAQ), Département de biomédecine vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire; Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe; Québec; Canada
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157
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Takahashi K, Tokuoka M, Kohno H, Sawamura N, Myoken Y, Mizuno A. Comprehensive analysis of dipeptides in alcoholic beverages by tag-based separation and determination using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1242:17-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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158
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Bruns S, Grinias JP, Blue LE, Jorgenson JW, Tallarek U. Morphology and Separation Efficiency of Low-Aspect-Ratio Capillary Ultrahigh Pressure Liquid Chromatography Columns. Anal Chem 2012; 84:4496-503. [DOI: 10.1021/ac300326k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bruns
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse,
35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - James P. Grinias
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Laura E. Blue
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - James W. Jorgenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Ulrich Tallarek
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse,
35032 Marburg, Germany
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159
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Determination of quinolones of veterinary use in bee products by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry using a QuEChERS extraction procedure. Talanta 2012; 93:193-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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160
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Wood TN, Peoples MC. Pre-Validation and Performance Prediction Using Pressure Monitoring to Evaluate HPLC Method Development Changes. Chromatographia 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-012-2222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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161
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Nakao R, Schou M, Halldin C. Rapid and sensitive measurement of PET radioligands in plasma by fast liquid chromatography/radiometric detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 895-896:116-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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162
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Kinetic optimisation of the reversed phase liquid chromatographic separation of proanthocyanidins on sub-2μm and superficially porous phases. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1236:63-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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163
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Kelley WP, Chen S, Floyd PD, Hu P, Kapsi SG, Kord AS, Sun M, Vogt FG. Analytical Characterization of an Orally-Delivered Peptide Pharmaceutical Product. Anal Chem 2012; 84:4357-72. [DOI: 10.1021/ac203478r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne P. Kelley
- Biopharmaceutical R&D, GlaxoSmithKline llc. 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Shujun Chen
- Product Development, GlaxoSmithKline plc. 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United
States
| | - Philip D. Floyd
- Product Development, GlaxoSmithKline plc. 5 Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
27709, United States
| | - Ping Hu
- Biopharmaceutical R&D, GlaxoSmithKline llc. 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Shiva G. Kapsi
- Product Development, GlaxoSmithKline plc. 1250, South Collegeville Road,
Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Alireza S. Kord
- Product Development, GlaxoSmithKline plc. 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United
States
| | - Mingjiang Sun
- Product Development, GlaxoSmithKline plc. 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United
States
| | - Frederick G. Vogt
- Product Development, GlaxoSmithKline plc. 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United
States
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164
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Fanali C, Rocco A, Aturki Z, Mondello L, Fanali S. Analysis of polyphenols and methylxantines in tea samples by means of nano-liquid chromatography utilizing capillary columns packed with core–shell particles. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1234:38-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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165
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Kloos D, Derks R, Wijtmans M, Lingeman H, Mayboroda O, Deelder A, Niessen W, Giera M. Derivatization of the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and analysis by online solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry with positive-ion electrospray ionization. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1232:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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166
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167
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Fekete S, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. New trends in reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separations of therapeutic peptides and proteins: theory and applications. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 69:9-27. [PMID: 22475515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the pharmaceutical field, there is considerable interest in the use of peptides and proteins for therapeutic purposes. There are various ways to characterize such complex samples, but during the last few years, a significant number of technological developments have been brought to the field of RPLC and RPLC-MS. Thus, the present review focuses first on the basics of RPLC for peptides and proteins, including the inherent problems, some possible solutions and some directions for developing a new RPLC method that is dedicated to biomolecules. Then the latest advances in RPLC, such as wide-pore core-shell particles, fully porous sub-2 μm particles, organic monoliths, porous layer open tubular columns and elevated temperature, are described and critically discussed in terms of both kinetic efficiency and selectivity. Numerous applications with real samples are presented that confirm the relevance of these different strategies. Finally, one of the key advantages of RPLC for peptides and proteins over other historical approaches is its inherent compatibility with MS using both MALDI and ESI sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Fekete
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Bd d'Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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168
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Paek C, Huang Y, Filgueira M, McCormick AV, Carr PW. Development of a carbon clad core-shell silica for high speed two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1229:129-39. [PMID: 22321953 PMCID: PMC3288264 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Revised: 12/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We recently introduced a new method to deposit carbon on fully porous silicas (5 μm) to address some of the shortcomings of carbon clad zirconia (C/ZrO(2)), which has rather low retention due to its low surface area (20-30 m(2)/g). The method enables the introduction of a thin, homogeneous layer of Al(III) on silica to serve as catalytic sites for carbon deposition without damaging the silica's native pore structure. Subsequent carbon deposition by chemical vapor deposition resulted in chromatographically useful carbon phases as shown by good efficiencies and higher retentivity relative to C/ZrO(2). Herein, we use the above method to develop a novel carbon phase on superficially porous silica (2.7 μm). This small, new form of silica offers better mass transfer properties and higher efficiency with lower column back pressures as compared to sub 2 μm silica packings, which should make it attractive for use as the second dimension in fast two-dimensional LC (LC × LC). After carbon deposition, several studies were conducted to compare the new packing with C/ZrO(2). Consistent with work on 5 μm fully porous silica, the metal cladding did not cause pore blockage. Subsequent carbon deposition maintained the good mass transfer properties as shown by the effect of velocity on HETP. The new packing exhibits efficiencies up to ∼5.6-fold higher than C/ZrO(2) for polar compounds. We observed similar chromatographic selectivity for all carbon phases tested. Consequently, the use of the new packing as the second dimension in fast LC×LC improved the peak capacity of fast LC × LC. The new material gave loading capacities similar to C/ZrO(2), which is rather as expected based on the surface areas of the two phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyub Paek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Smith and Kolthoff Halls, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Smith and Kolthoff Halls, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Marcelo Filgueira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Smith and Kolthoff Halls, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alon V. McCormick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave S.E., Minneapolis, MN55455, USA
| | - Peter W. Carr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Smith and Kolthoff Halls, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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169
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Inagaki S, Hirashima H, Taniguchi S, Higashi T, Min JZ, Kikura-Hanajiri R, Goda Y, Toyo'oka T. Rapid enantiomeric separation and simultaneous determination of phenethylamines by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence and mass spectrometric detection: application to the analysis of illicit drugs distributed in the Japanese ma. Drug Test Anal 2012; 4:1001-8. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Inagaki
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Global COE Program; University of Shizuoka; Japan
| | - Haruo Hirashima
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Global COE Program; University of Shizuoka; Japan
| | - Sayuri Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Global COE Program; University of Shizuoka; Japan
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Global COE Program; University of Shizuoka; Japan
| | - Jun Zhe Min
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Global COE Program; University of Shizuoka; Japan
| | - Ruri Kikura-Hanajiri
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics; National Institute of Health Sciences; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Yukihiro Goda
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics; National Institute of Health Sciences; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Toshimasa Toyo'oka
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Global COE Program; University of Shizuoka; Japan
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170
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Broeckhoven K, Cabooter D, Eeltink S, Desmet G. Kinetic plot based comparison of the efficiency and peak capacity of high-performance liquid chromatography columns: Theoretical background and selected examples. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1228:20-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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171
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Deridder S, Desmet G. Calculation of the geometrical three-point parameter constant appearing in the second order accurate effective medium theory expression for the B-term diffusion coefficient in fully porous and porous-shell random sphere packings. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1223:35-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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172
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Marquet P. LC-MS vs. GC-MS, online extraction systems, advantages of technology for drug screening assays. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 902:15-27. [PMID: 22767104 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-934-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This chapter reviews recent applications of mass spectrometry to systematic toxicological analysis (STA), where extended lists of compounds of toxicological interest are screened, as well as to the general unknown screening (GUS), where all exogenous compounds present in a sample are tentatively detected and identified, without any preselection. Many recent improvements in sample preparation, chromatographic separation, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and above all liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques are described, which are applicable or have been applied to STA and/or GUS, generally with promising results. These improvements come from miniaturization and automation of solid-phase extraction, turbulent-flow or ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography, linear ion traps, accurate (e.g., time of flight or orbital trap) mass spectrometry, as well as software refinements to alternate between different ionization modes or automatically interpret the results. It also shows that robust LC-MS/MS techniques already exist for STA or GUS, which are at least as efficient as the traditional techniques used in most toxicology laboratories, such as GC-MS or high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection, as shown by three comparative studies. However, the major drawback of LC-MS/MS in the full-scan mode for STA or GUS is that it still lacks universal reference libraries due to insufficient reproducibility of LC-MS(/MS) mass spectra obtained with different instrument types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Marquet
- Department of Pharmacology-Toxicology-Pharmacovigilance, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Limoges, Limoges, France.
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173
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Aggarwal P, Tolley HD, Lee ML. Monolithic bed structure for capillary liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1219:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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174
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Uliyanchenko E, van der Wal S, Schoenmakers PJ. Challenges in polymer analysis by liquid chromatography. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20274c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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175
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Gonçalves D, Alves G, Soares-da-Silva P, Falcão A. Bioanalytical chromatographic methods for the determination of catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors in rodents and human samples: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 710:17-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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176
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Sample preparation techniques for the untargeted LC-MS-based discovery of peptides in complex biological matrices. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:245291. [PMID: 22203783 PMCID: PMC3238806 DOI: 10.1155/2011/245291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although big progress has been made in sample pretreatment over the last years, there are still considerable limitations when it comes to overcoming complexity and dynamic range problems associated with peptide analyses from biological matrices. Being the little brother of proteomics, peptidomics is a relatively new field of research aiming at the direct analysis of the small proteins, called peptides, many of which are not amenable for typical trypsin-based analytics. In this paper, we present an overview of different techniques and methods currently used for reducing a sample's complexity and for concentrating low abundant compounds to enable successful peptidome analysis. We focus on techniques which can be employed prior to liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for peptide detection and identification and indicate their advantages as well as their shortcomings when it comes to the untargeted analysis of native peptides from complex biological matrices.
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177
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Shaaban H, Górecki T. Optimization and validation of a fast ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of selected sulphonamides in water samples using a fully porous sub-2 μm column at elevated temperature. J Sep Sci 2011; 35:216-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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178
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Parrot S, Neuzeret PC, Denoroy L. A rapid and sensitive method for the analysis of brain monoamine neurotransmitters using ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled to electrochemical detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:3871-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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179
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Roth MJ, Plymire DA, Chang AN, Kim J, Maresh EM, Larson SE, Patrie SM. Sensitive and Reproducible Intact Mass Analysis of Complex Protein Mixtures with Superficially Porous Capillary Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2011; 83:9586-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ac202339x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Roth
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-9185, United States
| | - Daniel A. Plymire
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-9185, United States
| | - Audrey N. Chang
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-9185, United States
| | - Jaekuk Kim
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-9185, United States
| | - Erica M. Maresh
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-9185, United States
| | - Shane E. Larson
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-9185, United States
| | - Steven M. Patrie
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-9185, United States
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180
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Abstract
Quantification of endogenous hormonal steroids and their precursors is essential for diagnosing a wide range of endocrine disorders. Historically, these analyses have been carried out using immunoassay, but such methods are problematic, especially for low-concentration analytes, due to assay interference by other endogenous steroids. MS offers improved specificity over immunoassay and can be highly sensitive. GC–MS, with use of stable isotopically labeled internal standards, is considered the ‘gold standard’ method for serum steroid analysis. GC–MS is the method of choice for profiling steroid metabolites in urine, but these techniques are not appropriate for routine use in clinical laboratories owing to a need for extensive sample preparation, as well as analytical expertise. LC–MS/MS compares well to GC–MS in terms of accuracy, precision and sensitivity, but allows simplified sample preparation. While most publications have featured only one or a limited number of steroids, we consider that steroid paneling (which we propose as the preferred term for multitargeted steroid analysis) has great potential to enable clinicians to make a definitive diagnosis. It is adaptable for use in a number of matrices, including serum, saliva and dried blood spots. However, LC–MS/MS-based steroid analysis is not straightforward, and understanding the chemical and analytical processes involved is essential for implementation of a robust clinical service. This article discusses specific challenges in the measurement of endogenous steroids using LC–MS/MS, and provides examples of the benefits it offers.
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181
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Nováková L, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Practical method transfer from high performance liquid chromatography to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography: The importance of frictional heating. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7971-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.08.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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182
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Napoletano S, Montesano C, Compagnone D, Curini R, D’ascenzo G, Roccia C, Sergi M. Determination of Illicit Drugs in Urine and Plasma by Micro-SPE Followed by HPLC–MS/MS. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-2156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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183
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Kane MA. Analysis, occurrence, and function of 9-cis-retinoic acid. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1821:10-20. [PMID: 21983272 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic conversion of vitamin A (retinol) into retinoic acid (RA) controls numerous physiological processes. 9-cis-retinoic acid (9cRA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, is a high affinity ligand for retinoid X receptor (RXR) and also activates retinoic acid receptor (RAR). Despite the identification of candidate enzymes that produce 9cRA and the importance of RXRs as established by knockout experiments, in vivo detection of 9cRA in tissue was elusive until recently when 9cRA was identified as an endogenous pancreas retinoid by validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methodology. This review will discuss the current status of the analysis, occurrence, and function of 9cRA. Understanding both the nuclear receptor-mediated and non-genomic mechanisms of 9cRA will aid in the elucidation of disease physiology and possibly lead to the development of new retinoid-based therapeutics. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Retinoid and Lipid Metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen A Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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184
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Liekens A, Billen J, Sherant R, Ritchie H, Denayer J, Desmet G. High performance liquid chromatography column packings with deliberately broadened particle size distribution: Relation between column performance and packing structure. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:6654-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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185
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Comparative study of the LC–MS/MS and UPLC–MS/MS for the multi-residue analysis of quinolones, penicillins and cephalosporins in cow milk, and validation according to the regulation 2002/657/EC. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:2601-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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186
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa K. Natishan
- a Merck, Analytical Development and Commercialization-API Merck Manufacturing Division , Rahway, New Jersey, USA
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187
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Jirásko R, Holčapek M, Nobilis M. Identification of phase I and phase II metabolites of benfluron and dimefluron in rat urine using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:2153-2162. [PMID: 21710595 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Biotransformation products of two potential antineoplastic agents, benfluron and dimefluron, are characterized using our integrated approach based on the combination of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation of phase I and phase II metabolites followed by photodiode-array UV detection and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). High mass accuracy measurement allows confirmation of an elemental composition and metabolic reactions according to exact mass defects. The combination of different HPLC/MS/MS scans, such as reconstructed ion current chromatograms, constant neutral loss chromatograms or exact mass filtration, helps the unambiguous detection of low abundance metabolites. The arene oxidation, N-oxidation, N-demethylation, O-demethylation, carbonyl reduction, glucuronidation and sulfation are typical mechanisms of the metabolite formation. The interpretation of their tandem mass spectra enables the distinction of demethylation position (N- vs. O-) as well as to differentiate N-oxidation from arene oxidation for both phase I and phase II metabolites. Two metabolic pathways are rather unusual for rat samples, i.e., glucosylation and double glucuronidation. The formation of metabolites that lead to a significant change in the chromophoric system of studied compounds, such as the reduction of carbonyl group in 7H-benzo[c]fluorene-7-one chromophore, is reflected in their UV spectra, which provides valuable complementary information to MS/MS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Jirásko
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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188
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Badoud F, Guillarme D, Boccard J, Grata E, Saugy M, Rudaz S, Veuthey JL. Analytical aspects in doping control: challenges and perspectives. Forensic Sci Int 2011; 213:49-61. [PMID: 21824736 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Since the first anti-doping tests in the 1960s, the analytical aspects of the testing remain challenging. The evolution of the analytical process in doping control is discussed in this paper with a particular emphasis on separation techniques, such as gas chromatography and liquid chromatography. These approaches are improving in parallel with the requirements of increasing sensitivity and selectivity for detecting prohibited substances in biological samples from athletes. Moreover, fast analyses are mandatory to deal with the growing number of doping control samples and the short response time required during particular sport events. Recent developments in mass spectrometry and the expansion of accurate mass determination has improved anti-doping strategies with the possibility of using elemental composition and isotope patterns for structural identification. These techniques must be able to distinguish equivocally between negative and suspicious samples with no false-negative or false-positive results. Therefore, high degree of reliability must be reached for the identification of major metabolites corresponding to suspected analytes. Along with current trends in pharmaceutical industry the analysis of proteins and peptides remains an important issue in doping control. Sophisticated analytical tools are still mandatory to improve their distinction from endogenous analogs. Finally, indirect approaches will be discussed in the context of anti-doping, in which recent advances are aimed to examine the biological response of a doping agent in a holistic way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Badoud
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva and Lausanne, 20 Bd d'Yvoy, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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189
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Chocholouš P, Kosařová L, Šatínský D, Sklenářová H, Solich P. Enhanced capabilities of separation in Sequential Injection Chromatography – Fused-core particle column and its comparison with narrow-bore monolithic column. Talanta 2011; 85:1129-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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190
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Staub A, Zurlino D, Rudaz S, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Analysis of peptides and proteins using sub-2 μm fully porous and sub 3-μm shell particles. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:8903-14. [PMID: 21831381 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of sub-2 μm totally porous particles and sub-3 μm shell particles for peptide and protein analysis. Specific analytical strategies must be developed for these biomolecules as their importance in the pharmaceutical industry increases and as their structural complexity involves some issues when classical LC conditions are employed. Attention was paid on comparing these different columns in various LC conditions (different temperatures, gradient times, and mobile phase flow rates). The comparison of the different supports was assessed considering columns characteristics (quality of packing, silanol activity, pore size, totally porous or shell particles). In this article, peptides were first analyzed with both column technologies. Similar results to those achieved with low molecular weight compounds were obtained (peak capacity >100 for t(grad) around 3 min and columns dimensions of 2.1 mm id × 50 mm), but specific conditions were required (elevated temperature and the use of a volatile ion-pairing reagent, namely TFA). For peptide analysis following tryptic digestion, the goal was to improve peak capacity and resolution because of the large number of generated peptides. For this purpose, longer columns packed with porous sub-2 μm or shell sub-3 μm particles (i.e., 150 mm) and gradient times (i.e., up to 30 min) were tested. On the other hand, proteins in their intact forms have higher molecular weights (MW>5000 Da) and a tertiary structure, thus requiring different conditions in terms of stationary phase hydrophobicity (C(4)vs. C(18)) and pore size (300 vs. 120 Å). In addition, there were issues with adsorption onto the LC system and/or the column itself. This study showed that proteins with MWs lower than 40,000 Da required chromatographic conditions close to those employed for peptide analysis. For larger proteins, a C(4) 300 Å stationary phase gave the best results, confirming theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Staub
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Bd d'Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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191
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Domínguez-Vega E, Kotkowska O, Concepción García M, Crego AL, Marina ML. Fast determination of the functional peptide soymetide in different soybean derived foods by capillary-high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:4928-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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192
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Experimental investigation of the difference in B-term dominated band broadening between fully porous and porous-shell particles for liquid chromatography using the Effective Medium Theory. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:4406-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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193
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Intact protein analysis in the biopharmaceutical field. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 55:810-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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194
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High performance stationary phases for planar chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:2648-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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195
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Lavrik N, Taylor L, Sepaniak M. Nanotechnology and chip level systems for pressure driven liquid chromatography and emerging analytical separation techniques: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 694:6-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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196
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Causon TJ, Broeckhoven K, Hilder EF, Shellie RA, Desmet G, Eeltink S. Kinetic performance optimisation for liquid chromatography: Principles and practice. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:877-87. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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197
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Quantification of glucuronidated and sulfated steroids in human urine by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:503-16. [PMID: 21380753 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4779-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The urinary steroid profile is constituted by anabolic androgenic steroids, including testosterone and its relatives, that are extensively metabolized into phase II sulfated or glucuronidated steroids. The use of liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is an issue for the direct analysis of conjugated steroids, which can be used as urinary markers of exogenous steroid administration in doping analysis, without hydrolysis of the conjugated moiety. In this study, a sensitive and selective ultra high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) method was developed to quantify major urinary metabolites simultaneously after testosterone intake. The sample preparation of the urine (1 mL) was performed by solid-phase extraction on Oasis HLB sorbent using a 96-well plate format. The conjugated steroids were analyzed by UHPLC-QTOF-MS(E) with a single-gradient elution of 36 min (including re-equilibration time) in the negative electrospray ionization mode. MS(E) analysis involved parallel alternating acquisitions of both low- and high-collision energy functions. The method was validated and applied to samples collected from a clinical study performed with a group of healthy human volunteers who had taken testosterone, which were compared with samples from a placebo group. Quantitative results were also compared to GC-MS and LC-MS/MS measurements, and the correlations between data were found appropriate. The acquisition of full mass spectra over the entire mass range with QTOF mass analyzers gives promise of the opportunity to extend the steroid profile to a higher number of conjugated steroids.
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198
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Optimisation and validation of a fast HPLC method for the quantification of sulindac and its related impurities. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 54:694-700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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199
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Jung S, Stoeckel D, Tallarek U. Fast, accurate, and convenient analysis of bed densities for columns packed with fine reversed-phase particles. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:800-5. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 01/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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200
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Fast liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry for the analysis of metabolites and proteins in human body fluids. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 399:2635-44. [PMID: 21253711 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4595-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade various analytical strategies have been established to enhance separation speed and efficiency in high performance liquid chromatography applications. Chromatographic supports based on monolithic material, small porous particles, and porous layer beads have been developed and commercialized to improve throughput and separation efficiency. This paper provides an overview of current developments in fast chromatography combined with mass spectrometry for the analysis of metabolites and proteins in clinical applications. Advances and limitations of fast chromatography for the combination with mass spectrometry are discussed. Practical aspects of, recent developments in, and the present status of high-throughput analysis of human body fluids for therapeutic drug monitoring, toxicology, clinical metabolomics, and proteomics are presented.
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