151
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Dankwort T, Strobel J, Chluba C, Ge W, Duppel V, Wuttig M, Quandt E, Kienle L. Martensite adaption through epitaxial nano transition layers in TiNiCu shape memory alloys. J Appl Crystallogr 2016. [DOI: 10.1107/s160057671600710x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium-rich TiNiCu shape memory thin films with ultralow fatigue have been analysed for their structural features by transmission electron microscopy. The stabilization of austenite (B2) and orthorhombic martensite (B19) variants epitaxially connected to Ti2Cu-type precipitates has been observed and found responsible for the supreme mechanical cycling capability of these compounds. Comprehensiveex situandin situcooling/heating experiments have demonstrated the presence of an austenitic nanoscale region in between B19 and Ti2Cu, in which the structure shows a gradual transition from B19 to B2 which is then coupled to the Ti2Cu precipitate. It is proposed that this residual and epitaxial austenite acts as a template for the temperature-induced B2↔B19 phase transition and is also responsible for the high repeatability of the stress-induced transformation. This scenario poses an antithesis to residual martensite found in common high-fatigue shape memory alloys.
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152
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Darie C, Lepoittevin C, Klein H, Kodjikian S, Bordet P, Colin CV, Lebedev OI, Deudon C, Payen C. A new high pressure form of Ba3NiSb2O9. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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153
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Rickert K, Boullay P, Malo S, Caignaert V, Poeppelmeier KR. A Rutile Chevron Modulation in Delafossite-Like Ga3-xIn3TixO9+x/2. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:4403-9. [PMID: 27089247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The structure solution of the modulated, delafossite-related, orthorhombic Ga3-xIn3TixO9+x/2 for x = 1.5 is reported here in conjunction with a model describing the modulation as a function of x for the entire system. Previously reported structures in the related A3-xIn3TixO9+x/2 (A = Al, Cr, or Fe) systems use X-ray diffraction to determine that the anion lattice is the source of modulation. Neutron diffraction, with its enhanced sensitivity to light atoms, offers a route to solving the modulation and is used here, in combination with precession electron diffraction tomography (PEDT), to solve the structure of Ga1.5In3Ti1.5O9.75. We construct a model that describes the anion modulation through the formation of rutile chevrons as a function of x. This model accommodates the orthorhombic phase (1.5 ≤ x ≤ 2.1) in the Ga3-xIn3TixO9+x/2 system, which transitions to a biphasic mixture (2.2 ≤ x ≤ 2.3) with a monoclinic, delafossite-related phase (2.4 ≤ x ≤ 2.5). The optical band gaps of this system are determined, and are stable at ∼3.4 eV before a ∼0.4 eV decrease between x = 1.9 and 2.0. After this decrease, stability resumes at ∼3.0 eV. Resistance to oxidation and reduction is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Rickert
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Laboratoire de Crystallographie et de Sciences des Matériaux (CRISMAT), UMR 6508 CNRS, ENSICAEN , 6 bd Maréchal Juin, Caen 14050, France
| | - Philippe Boullay
- Laboratoire de Crystallographie et de Sciences des Matériaux (CRISMAT), UMR 6508 CNRS, ENSICAEN , 6 bd Maréchal Juin, Caen 14050, France
| | - Sylvie Malo
- Laboratoire de Crystallographie et de Sciences des Matériaux (CRISMAT), UMR 6508 CNRS, ENSICAEN , 6 bd Maréchal Juin, Caen 14050, France
| | - Vincent Caignaert
- Laboratoire de Crystallographie et de Sciences des Matériaux (CRISMAT), UMR 6508 CNRS, ENSICAEN , 6 bd Maréchal Juin, Caen 14050, France
| | - Kenneth R Poeppelmeier
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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154
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Kiss ÁK, Rauch EF, Lábár JL. Highlighting material structure with transmission electron diffraction correlation coefficient maps. Ultramicroscopy 2016; 163:31-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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155
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Zhou Z, Palatinus L, Sun J. Structure determination of modulated structures by powder X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction. Inorg Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qi00219f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The combination of PXRD and ED is applied to determine modulated structures which resist solution by more conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Lukáš Palatinus
- Institute of Physics of the CAS
- v.v.i
- 182 21 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Junliang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- People's Republic of China
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156
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Cooper D, Denneulin T, Bernier N, Béché A, Rouvière JL. Strain mapping of semiconductor specimens with nm-scale resolution in a transmission electron microscope. Micron 2016; 80:145-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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157
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Häusler I, Moeck P, Volz K, Neumann W. Atomically ordered (Mn,Ga)As crystallites on and within GaAs. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.201500310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Häusler
- BAM−Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing; Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany
- Nano-Crystallography Group, Department of Physics; Portland State University; Portland OR 97207-0751 U.S.A
- Institute of Physics; Humboldt University Berlin; Newtonstr. 15 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Peter Moeck
- Nano-Crystallography Group, Department of Physics; Portland State University; Portland OR 97207-0751 U.S.A
- Institute of Physics; Humboldt University Berlin; Newtonstr. 15 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Kerstin Volz
- Faculty of Physics & Materials Science Center; Philipps-University Marburg; 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Wolfgang Neumann
- Institute of Physics; Humboldt University Berlin; Newtonstr. 15 12489 Berlin Germany
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oregon; Eugene OR 97401-3753 U.S.A
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158
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Mugnaioli E. Closing the gap between electron and X-ray crystallography. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B-STRUCTURAL SCIENCE CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2015; 71:737-9. [DOI: 10.1107/s2052520615022441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The development of a proper refinement algorithm that takes into account dynamical scattering guarantees, for electron crystallography, results approaching X-rays in terms of precision, accuracy and reliability. The combination of such dynamical refinement and electron diffraction tomography establishes a complete pathway for the structure characterization of single sub-micrometric crystals.
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159
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Palatinus L, Corrêa CA, Steciuk G, Jacob D, Roussel P, Boullay P, Klementová M, Gemmi M, Kopeček J, Domeneghetti MC, Cámara F, Petříček V. Structure refinement using precession electron diffraction tomography and dynamical diffraction: tests on experimental data. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B-STRUCTURAL SCIENCE CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2015; 71:740-51. [DOI: 10.1107/s2052520615017023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The recently published method for the structure refinement from three-dimensional precession electron diffraction data using dynamical diffraction theory [Palatinus et al. (2015). Acta Cryst. A71, 235–244] has been applied to a set of experimental data sets from five different samples – Ni2Si, PrVO3, kaolinite, orthopyroxene and mayenite. The data were measured on different instruments and with variable precession angles. For each sample a reliable reference structure was available. A large series of tests revealed that the method provides structure models with an average error in atomic positions typically between 0.01 and 0.02 Å. The obtained structure models are significantly more accurate than models obtained by refinement using kinematical approximation for the calculation of model intensities. The method also allows a reliable determination of site occupancies and determination of absolute structure. Based on the extensive tests, an optimal set of the parameters for the method is proposed.
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160
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Mahr C, Müller-Caspary K, Grieb T, Schowalter M, Mehrtens T, Krause FF, Zillmann D, Rosenauer A. Theoretical study of precision and accuracy of strain analysis by nano-beam electron diffraction. Ultramicroscopy 2015; 158:38-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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161
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Brown HG, D'Alfonso AJ, Forbes BD, Allen LJ. Addressing preservation of elastic contrast in energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2015; 160:90-97. [PMID: 26476801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) images with resolutions of the order of an Ångström can be obtained using modern microscopes corrected for chromatic aberration. However, the delocalized nature of the transition potentials for atomic ionization often confounds direct interpretation of EFTEM images, leading to what is known as "preservation of elastic contrast". In this paper we demonstrate how more interpretable images might be obtained by scanning with a focused coherent probe and incoherently averaging the energy-filtered images over probe position. We dub this new imaging technique energy-filtered imaging scanning transmission electron microscopy (EFISTEM). We develop a theoretical framework for EFISTEM and show that it is in fact equivalent to precession EFTEM, where the plane wave illumination is precessed through a range of tilts spanning the same range of angles as the probe forming aperture in EFISTEM. It is demonstrated that EFISTEM delivers similar results to scanning transmission electron microscopy with an electron energy-loss spectrometer but has the advantage that it is immune to coherent aberrations and spatial incoherence of the probe and is also more resilient to scan distortions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Brown
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - A J D'Alfonso
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - B D Forbes
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - L J Allen
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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162
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Pérez-Arantegui J, Larrea A. Electron backscattering diffraction as a complementary analytical approach to the microstructural characterization of ancient materials by electron microscopy. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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163
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Eggeman AS, Krakow R, Midgley PA. Scanning precession electron tomography for three-dimensional nanoscale orientation imaging and crystallographic analysis. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7267. [PMID: 26028514 PMCID: PMC4458861 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from electron tomography provide important morphological, compositional, optical and electro-magnetic information across a wide range of materials and devices. Precession electron diffraction, in combination with scanning transmission electron microscopy, can be used to elucidate the local orientation of crystalline materials. Here we show, using the example of a Ni-base superalloy, that combining these techniques and extending them to three dimensions, to produce scanning precession electron tomography, enables the 3D orientation of nanoscale sub-volumes to be determined and provides a one-to-one correspondence between 3D real space and 3D reciprocal space for almost any polycrystalline or multi-phase material. High-resolution microscopy allows imaging of information on the atomic scale. Here, by combining precession electron diffraction with scanning transmission electron microscopy, the authors demonstrate an efficient, alternative technique to determine the three-dimensional orientation of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Eggeman
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Robert Krakow
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Paul A Midgley
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
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164
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Andrusenko I, Krysiak Y, Mugnaioli E, Gorelik TE, Nihtianova D, Kolb U. Structural insights intoM2O–Al2O3–WO3(M= Na, K) system by electron diffraction tomography. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B-STRUCTURAL SCIENCE CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2015; 71:349-57. [DOI: 10.1107/s2052520615007994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
TheM2O–Al2O3–WO3(M= alkaline metals) system has attracted the attention of the scientific community because some of its members showed potential applications as single crystalline media for tunable solid-state lasers. These materials behave as promising laser host materials due to their high and continuous transparency in the wide range of the near-IR region. A systematic investigation of these phases is nonetheless hampered because it is impossible to produce large crystals and only in a few cases a pure synthetic product can be achieved. Despite substantial advances in X-ray powder diffraction methods, structure investigation on nanoscale is still challenging, especially when the sample is polycrystalline and the structures are affected by pseudo-symmetry. Electron diffraction has the advantage of collecting data from single nanoscopic crystals, but it is frequently limited by incompleteness and dynamical effects. Automated diffraction tomography (ADT) recently emerged as an alternative approach able to collect more complete three-dimensional electron diffraction data and at the same time to significantly reduce dynamical scattering. ADT data have been shown to be suitable forabinitiostructure solution of phases with large cell parameters, and for detecting pseudo-symmetry that was undetected in X-ray powder data. In this work we present the structure investigation of two hitherto undetermined compounds, K5Al(W3O11)2and NaAl(WO4)2, by a combination of electron diffraction tomography and precession electron diffraction. We also stress how electron diffraction tomography can be used to obtain direct information about symmetry and pseudo-symmetry for nanocrystalline phases, even when available only in polyphasic mixtures.
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165
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Rotella H, Copie O, Steciuk G, Ouerdane H, Boullay P, Roussel P, Morales M, David A, Pautrat A, Mercey B, Lutterotti L, Chateigner D, Prellier W. Structural analysis of strained LaVO3 thin films. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:175001. [PMID: 25765433 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/17/175001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
While structure refinement is routinely achieved for simple bulk materials, the accurate structural determination still poses challenges for thin films due on the one hand to the small amount of material deposited on the thicker substrate and, on the other hand, to the intricate epitaxial relationships that substantially complicate standard x-ray diffraction analysis. Using both electron and x-ray diffraction, we analyze the crystal structure of epitaxial LaVO3 thin films grown on (1 0 0)-oriented SrTiO3. Transmission electron microscopy study reveals that the thin films are epitaxially grown on SrTiO3 and points to the presence of 90° oriented domains. The mapping of the reciprocal space obtained by high resolution x-ray diffraction permits refinement of the lattice parameters. We finally deduce that strain accommodation imposes a monoclinic structure onto the LaVO3 film. The reciprocal space maps are numerically processed and the extracted data computed to refine the atomic positions, which are compared to those obtained using precession electron diffraction tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rotella
- Laboratoire CRISMAT, UMR 6508 CNRS, ENSICAEN et Université de Caen Basse Normandie, 6 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, F-14050 Caen, France
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166
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Dejoie C, Smeets S, Baerlocher C, Tamura N, Pattison P, Abela R, McCusker LB. Serial snapshot crystallography for materials science with SwissFEL. IUCRJ 2015; 2:361-70. [PMID: 25995845 PMCID: PMC4420546 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252515006740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
New opportunities for studying (sub)microcrystalline materials with small unit cells, both organic and inorganic, will open up when the X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) presently being constructed in Switzerland (SwissFEL) comes online in 2017. Our synchrotron-based experiments mimicking the 4%-energy-bandpass mode of the SwissFEL beam show that it will be possible to record a diffraction pattern of up to 10 randomly oriented crystals in a single snapshot, to index the resulting reflections, and to extract their intensities reliably. The crystals are destroyed with each XFEL pulse, but by combining snapshots from several sets of crystals, a complete set of data can be assembled, and crystal structures of materials that are difficult to analyze otherwise will become accessible. Even with a single shot, at least a partial analysis of the crystal structure will be possible, and with 10-50 femtosecond pulses, this offers tantalizing possibilities for time-resolved studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Dejoie
- Laboratory of Crystallography, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Stef Smeets
- Laboratory of Crystallography, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Christian Baerlocher
- Laboratory of Crystallography, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Nobumichi Tamura
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Philip Pattison
- Swiss-Norwegian Beamlines, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38042, France
- Laboratory of Crystallography, EPFL, Rte de la Sorge, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Abela
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Lynne B. McCusker
- Laboratory of Crystallography, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
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167
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Gemmi M, La Placa MGI, Galanis AS, Rauch EF, Nicolopoulos S. Fast electron diffraction tomography. J Appl Crystallogr 2015. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576715004604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A fast and fully automatic procedure for collecting electron diffraction tomography data is presented. In the case of a very stable goniometer it is demonstrated how, by variation of the tilting speed and the CCD detector parameters, it is possible to obtain fully automatic precession-assisted electron diffraction tomography data collections, rotation electron diffraction tomography data collections or new integrated electron diffraction tomography data collections, in which the missing wedge of the reciprocal space between the patterns is recorded by longer exposures during the crystal tilt. It is shown how automatic data collection of limited tilt range can be used to determine the unit-cell parameters, while data of larger tilt range are suitable to solve the crystal structureabinitiowith direct methods. The crystal structure of monoclinic MgMoO4has been solved in this way as a test structure. In the case where the goniometer is not stable enough to guarantee a steady position of the crystal over large tilt ranges, an automatic method for tracking the crystal during continuous rotation of the sample is proposed.
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168
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Gorelik TE, Schmidt MU, Kolb U, Billinge SJL. Total-scattering pair-distribution function of organic material from powder electron diffraction data. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2015; 21:459-471. [PMID: 25510245 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927614014561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper shows that pair-distribution function (PDF) analyses can be carried out on organic and organometallic compounds from powder electron diffraction data. Different experimental setups are demonstrated, including selected area electron diffraction and nanodiffraction in transmission electron microscopy or nanodiffraction in scanning transmission electron microscopy modes. The methods were demonstrated on organometallic complexes (chlorinated and unchlorinated copper phthalocyanine) and on purely organic compounds (quinacridone). The PDF curves from powder electron diffraction data, called ePDF, are in good agreement with PDF curves determined from X-ray powder data demonstrating that the problems of obtaining kinematical scattering data and avoiding beam damage of the sample are possible to resolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana E Gorelik
- 1Institute of Physical Chemistry,Johannes Gutenberg-University,Jakob Welder Weg 11,55128 MainzGermany
| | - Martin U Schmidt
- 2Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry,Goethe University,Max-von-Laue-Str. 7,D-60438 Frankfurt am Main,Germany
| | - Ute Kolb
- 1Institute of Physical Chemistry,Johannes Gutenberg-University,Jakob Welder Weg 11,55128 MainzGermany
| | - Simon J L Billinge
- 4Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics,Columbia University,New York,NY 10027,USA
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169
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Lugg N, Kothleitner G, Shibata N, Ikuhara Y. On the quantitativeness of EDS STEM. Ultramicroscopy 2015; 151:150-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2014.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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170
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Batuk D, Batuk M, Abakumov AM, Hadermann J. Synergy between transmission electron microscopy and powder diffraction: application to modulated structures. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2015; 71:127-143. [PMID: 25827366 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520615005466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure solution of modulated compounds is often very challenging, even using the well established methodology of single-crystal X-ray crystallography. This task becomes even more difficult for materials that cannot be prepared in a single-crystal form, so that only polycrystalline powders are available. This paper illustrates that the combined application of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and powder diffraction is a possible solution to the problem. Using examples of anion-deficient perovskites modulated by periodic crystallographic shear planes, it is demonstrated what kind of local structural information can be obtained using various TEM techniques and how this information can be implemented in the crystal structure refinement against the powder diffraction data. The following TEM methods are discussed: electron diffraction (selected area electron diffraction, precession electron diffraction), imaging (conventional high-resolution TEM imaging, high-angle annular dark-field and annular bright-field scanning transmission electron microscopy) and state-of-the-art spectroscopic techniques (atomic resolution mapping using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and electron energy loss spectroscopy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Batuk
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maria Batuk
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Artem M Abakumov
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joke Hadermann
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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171
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Su DS, Zhang B, Schlögl R. Electron microscopy of solid catalysts--transforming from a challenge to a toolbox. Chem Rev 2015; 115:2818-82. [PMID: 25826447 DOI: 10.1021/cr500084c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dang Sheng Su
- †Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.,‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bingsen Zhang
- †Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Robert Schlögl
- ‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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172
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Yun Y, Zou X, Hovmöller S, Wan W. Three-dimensional electron diffraction as a complementary technique to powder X-ray diffraction for phase identification and structure solution of powders. IUCRJ 2015; 2:267-82. [PMID: 25866663 PMCID: PMC4392419 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252514028188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Phase identification and structure determination are important and widely used techniques in chemistry, physics and materials science. Recently, two methods for automated three-dimensional electron diffraction (ED) data collection, namely automated diffraction tomography (ADT) and rotation electron diffraction (RED), have been developed. Compared with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and two-dimensional zonal ED, three-dimensional ED methods have many advantages in identifying phases and determining unknown structures. Almost complete three-dimensional ED data can be collected using the ADT and RED methods. Since each ED pattern is usually measured off the zone axes by three-dimensional ED methods, dynamic effects are much reduced compared with zonal ED patterns. Data collection is easy and fast, and can start at any arbitrary orientation of the crystal, which facilitates automation. Three-dimensional ED is a powerful technique for structure identification and structure solution from individual nano- or micron-sized particles, while powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) provides information from all phases present in a sample. ED suffers from dynamic scattering, while PXRD data are kinematic. Three-dimensional ED methods and PXRD are complementary and their combinations are promising for studying multiphase samples and complicated crystal structures. Here, two three-dimensional ED methods, ADT and RED, are described. Examples are given of combinations of three-dimensional ED methods and PXRD for phase identification and structure determination over a large number of different materials, from Ni-Se-O-Cl crystals, zeolites, germanates, metal-organic frameworks and organic compounds to intermetallics with modulated structures. It is shown that three-dimensional ED is now as feasible as X-ray diffraction for phase identification and structure solution, but still needs further development in order to be as accurate as X-ray diffraction. It is expected that three-dimensional ED methods will become crucially important in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Yun
- Berzelii Center EXSELENT on Porous Materials and Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaodong Zou
- Berzelii Center EXSELENT on Porous Materials and Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven Hovmöller
- Berzelii Center EXSELENT on Porous Materials and Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wei Wan
- Berzelii Center EXSELENT on Porous Materials and Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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173
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Palatinus L, Petříček V, Corrêa CA. Structure refinement using precession electron diffraction tomography and dynamical diffraction: theory and implementation. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA A-FOUNDATION AND ADVANCES 2015; 71:235-44. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273315001266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Accurate structure refinement from electron-diffraction data is not possible without taking the dynamical-diffraction effects into account. A complete three-dimensional model of the structure can be obtained only from a sufficiently complete three-dimensional data set. In this work a method is presented for crystal structure refinement from the data obtained by electron diffraction tomography, possibly combined with precession electron diffraction. The principle of the method is identical to that used in X-ray crystallography: data are collected in a series of small tilt steps around a rotation axis, then intensities are integrated and the structure is optimized by least-squares refinement against the integrated intensities. In the dynamical theory of diffraction, the reflection intensities exhibit a complicated relationship to the orientation and thickness of the crystal as well as to structure factors of other reflections. This complication requires the introduction of several special parameters in the procedure. The method was implemented in the freely available crystallographic computing systemJana2006.
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174
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Estimation of dislocation density from precession electron diffraction data using the Nye tensor. Ultramicroscopy 2015; 153:9-21. [PMID: 25697461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Nye tensor offers a means to estimate the geometrically necessary dislocation density of a crystalline sample based on measurements of the orientation changes within individual crystal grains. In this paper, the Nye tensor theory is applied to precession electron diffraction automated crystallographic orientation mapping (PED-ACOM) data acquired using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The resulting dislocation density values are mapped in order to visualize the dislocation structures present in a quantitative manner. These density maps are compared with other related methods of approximating local strain dependencies in dislocation-based microstructural transitions from orientation data. The effect of acquisition parameters on density measurements is examined. By decreasing the step size and spot size during data acquisition, an increasing fraction of the dislocation content becomes accessible. Finally, the method described herein is applied to the measurement of dislocation emission during in situ annealing of Cu in TEM in order to demonstrate the utility of the technique for characterizing microstructural dynamics.
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175
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Smetana V, Kienle L, Duppel V, Simon A. Synthesis, crystal structure, and TEM analysis of Sr19Li44 and Sr3Li2: a reinvestigation of the Sr-Li phase diagram. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:733-9. [PMID: 24969220 DOI: 10.1021/ic5010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two intermetallic phases in the Sr-Li system have been synthesized and structurally characterized. According to single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, Sr(19)Li(44) and Sr(3)Li(2) crystallize with tetragonal unit cells (Sr(19)Li(44), I-42d, a = 15.9122(7) Å, c = 31.831(2) Å, Z = 4, V = 8059(2) Å(3); Sr(3)Li(2), P42/mnm, a = 9.803(1) Å, c = 8.784(2) Å, Z = 4, V = 844.2(2) Å(3)). The first compound is isostructural with the recently discovered Ba(19)Li(44). Sr in Sr(19)Li(44) can be fully replaced by Ba with no changes to the crystal structure, whereas the substitution of Sr by Ca is only possible within a limited concentration range. Sr(3)Li(2) can be assigned to the Al(2)Zr(3) structure type. The crystal structure determination of Sr(19)Li(44) was complicated by multiple twinning. As an experimental highlight, an electron microscopy investigation of the highly moisture- and electron-beam-sensitive crystals was performed, enabling high-resolution imaging of the defect structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Smetana
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung , Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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176
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Guyon J, Mansour H, Gey N, Crimp M, Chalal S, Maloufi N. Sub-micron resolution selected area electron channeling patterns. Ultramicroscopy 2015; 149:34-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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177
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Van Dyck D, Lobato I, Chen FR, Kisielowski C. Do you believe that atoms stay in place when you observe them in HREM? Micron 2015; 68:158-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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178
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Yun Y, Wan W, Rabbani F, Su J, Xu H, Hovmöller S, Johnsson M, Zou X. Phase identification and structure determination from multiphase crystalline powder samples by rotation electron diffraction. J Appl Crystallogr 2014. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576714023875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase identification and structure characterization are important in synthetic and materials science. It is difficult to characterize the individual phases from multiphase crystalline powder samples, especially if some of the phases are unknown. This problem can be solved by combining rotation electron diffraction (RED) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Four phases were identified on the same transmission electron microscopy grid from a multiphase sample in the Ni–Se–O–Cl system, and their structures were solved from the RED data. Phase 1 (NiSeO3) was found in the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database using the information from RED. Phase 2 (Ni3Se4O10Cl2) is an unknown compound, but it is isostructural to Co3Se4O10Cl2, which was recently solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Phase 3 (Ni5Se6O16Cl4H2) and Phase 4 (Ni5Se4O12Cl2) are new compounds. The fact that there are at least four different compounds in the as-synthesized material explains why the phase identification and structure determination could not be done by PXRD alone. The RED method makes phase identification from such multiphase powder samples much easier than would be the case using powder X-ray diffraction. The RED method also makes structure determination of submicrometre-sized crystals from multiphase samples possible.
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179
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Subramanian G, Basu S, Liu H, Zuo JM, Spence JCH. Solving protein nanocrystals by cryo-EM diffraction: multiple scattering artifacts. Ultramicroscopy 2014; 148:87-93. [PMID: 25461585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The maximum thickness permissible within the single-scattering approximation for the determination of the structure of perfectly ordered protein microcrystals by transmission electron diffraction is estimated for tetragonal hen-egg lysozyme protein crystals using several approaches. Multislice simulations are performed for many diffraction conditions and beam energies to determine the validity domain of the required single-scattering approximation and hence the limit on crystal thickness. The effects of erroneous experimental structure factor amplitudes on the charge density map for lysozyme are noted and their threshold limits calculated. The maximum thickness of lysozyme permissible under the single-scattering approximation is also estimated using R-factor analysis. Successful reconstruction of density maps is found to result mainly from the use of the phase information provided by modeling based on the protein data base through molecular replacement (MR), which dominates the effect of poor quality electron diffraction data at thicknesses larger than about 200 Å. For perfectly ordered protein nanocrystals, a maximum thickness of about 1000 Å is predicted at 200 keV if MR can be used, using R-factor analysis performed over a subset of the simulated diffracted beams. The effects of crystal bending, mosaicity (which has recently been directly imaged by cryo-EM) and secondary scattering are discussed. Structure-independent tests for single-scattering and new microfluidic methods for growing and sorting nanocrystals by size are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Subramanian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Shibom Basu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Haiguang Liu
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1504, USA
| | - Jian-Min Zuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - John C H Spence
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1504, USA.
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180
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Ruiz-Zepeda F, Casallas-Moreno YL, Cantu-Valle J, Alducin D, Santiago U, José-Yacaman M, López-López M, Ponce A. Precession electron diffraction-assisted crystal phase mapping of metastable c-GaN films grown on (001) GaAs. Microsc Res Tech 2014; 77:980-5. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ruiz-Zepeda
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Texas at San Antonio; San Antonio Texas 78254
| | - Yenny L. Casallas-Moreno
- Physics Department; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN; Apartado Postal 14-740 México, D. F. 07000 México
| | - Jesus Cantu-Valle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Texas at San Antonio; San Antonio Texas 78254
| | - Diego Alducin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Texas at San Antonio; San Antonio Texas 78254
| | - Ulises Santiago
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Texas at San Antonio; San Antonio Texas 78254
| | - Miguel José-Yacaman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Texas at San Antonio; San Antonio Texas 78254
| | - Máximo López-López
- Physics Department; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN; Apartado Postal 14-740 México, D. F. 07000 México
| | - Arturo Ponce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Texas at San Antonio; San Antonio Texas 78254
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181
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182
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Nannenga BL, Shi D, Leslie AGW, Gonen T. High-resolution structure determination by continuous-rotation data collection in MicroED. Nat Methods 2014; 11:927-930. [PMID: 25086503 PMCID: PMC4149488 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroED uses very small three-dimensional protein crystals and electron diffraction for structure determination. An improved data collection protocol for MicroED called “continuous rotation” is presented. Here microcrystals are continuously rotated during data collection yielding improved data, and allowing data processing with MOSFLM resulting in improved resolution for the model protein lysozyme. These improvements pave the way for the implementation and application of MicroED with wide applicability in structural biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent L Nannenga
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn VA, USA
| | - Dan Shi
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn VA, USA
| | - Andrew G W Leslie
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tamir Gonen
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn VA, USA
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183
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Kyazumov MG. New schemes for recording electron diffraction patterns of hexagonal and monoclinic crystals. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774514040117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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184
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Midgley PA, Thomas JM. Multi-dimensional electron microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:8614-7. [PMID: 24919685 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Midgley
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS (UK).
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185
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Serghiou G, Ji G, Koch-Müller M, Odling N, Reichmann HJ, Wright JP, Johnson P. Dense Si(x)Ge(1-x) (0 < x < 1) materials landscape using extreme conditions and precession electron diffraction. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:5656-62. [PMID: 24824209 DOI: 10.1021/ic500416s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High-pressure and -temperature experiments on Ge and Si mixtures to 17 GPa and 1500 K allow us to obtain extended Ge-Si solid solutions with cubic (Ia3) and tetragonal (P4(3)2(1)2) crystal symmetries at ambient pressure. The cubic modification can be obtained with up to 77 atom % Ge and the tetragonal modification for Ge concentrations above that. Together with Hume-Rothery criteria, melting point convergence is employed here as a favored attribute for solid solution formation. These compositionally tunable alloys are of growing interest for advanced transport and optoelectronic applications. Furthermore, the work illustrates the significance of employing precession electron diffraction for mapping new materials landscapes resulting from tailored high-pressure and -temperature syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Serghiou
- School of Engineering and Centre for Materials Science, University of Edinburgh , Kings Buildings, Mayfield Road, EH9 3JL Edinburgh, U.K
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186
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Sr4Ru6ClO18, a new Ru4+/5+ oxy-chloride, solved by precession electron diffraction: Electric and magnetic behavior. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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187
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Patout L, Jacob D, Arab M, Pereira de Souza C, Leroux C. Monoclinic superstructure in orthorhombic Ce10W22O81 from transmission electron microscopy. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2014; 70:268-274. [PMID: 24675596 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520613034252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A complex rare-earth tungstate structure, present in a two-phased powder, was solved by electron diffraction, precession and high-resolution electron microscopy. The orthorhombic space group Pbnm and the atomic positions deduced from X-ray diffraction experiments were confirmed for Ce10W22O81. A C2/c monoclinic superstructure, with cell parameters a = 7.8, b = 36.1, c = 22.2 Å and β = 100.2°, was shown and attributed to a partial oxidation of Ce(3+) leading to interstitial oxygen ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Patout
- Université du Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, UMR 7334, BP 20132, F-83957 La Garde CEDEX, France
| | - Damien Jacob
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations, Université Lille 1, CNRS UMR 8207, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Madjid Arab
- Université du Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, UMR 7334, BP 20132, F-83957 La Garde CEDEX, France
| | | | - Christine Leroux
- Université du Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, UMR 7334, BP 20132, F-83957 La Garde CEDEX, France
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188
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Han L, Ohsuna T, Liu Z, Alfredsson V, Kjellman T, Asahina S, Suga M, Ma Y, Oleynikov P, Miyasaka K, Mayoral A, Díaz I, Sakamoto Y, Stevens SM, Anderson MW, Xiao C, Fujita N, Garcia-Bennett A, Byung Yoon K, Che S, Terasaki O. Structures of Silica-Based Nanoporous Materials Revealed by Microscopy. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201300538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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189
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Viladot D, Portillo J, Gemí M, Nicolopoulos S, Llorca-Isern N. Hafnium-silicon precipitate structure determination in a new heat-resistant ferritic alloy by precession electron diffraction techniques. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2014; 20:25-32. [PMID: 24172206 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927613013627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The structure determination of an HfSi4 precipitate has been carried out by a combination of two precession electron diffraction techniques: high precession angle, 2.2°, single pattern collection at eight different zone axes and low precession angle, 0.5°, serial collection of patterns obtained by increasing tilts of 1°. A three-dimensional reconstruction of the associated reciprocal space shows an orthorhombic unit cell with parameters a = 11.4 Å, b = 11.8 Å, c = 14.6 Å, and an extinction condition of (hkl) h + k odd. The merged intensities from the high angle precession patterns have been symmetry tested for possible space groups (SG) fulfilling this condition and a best symmetrization residual found at 18% for SG 65 Cmmm. Use of the SIR2011 direct methods program allowed solving the structure with a structure residual of 18%. The precipitate objects of this study were reproducibly found in a newly implemented alloy, designed according to molecular orbital theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Désirée Viladot
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Enginyeria Metal·lúrgica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1-11, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Joaquim Portillo
- Centres Cientifics i Tecnològics (CCiT), Universitat de Barcelona/Solé i Sabaris 1-3, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Mauro Gemí
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | | | - Núria Llorca-Isern
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Enginyeria Metal·lúrgica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1-11, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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190
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Morawiec A, Bouzy E, Paul H, Fundenberger J. Orientation precision of TEM-based orientation mapping techniques. Ultramicroscopy 2014; 136:107-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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191
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Avilov AS, Gubin SP, Zaporozhets MA. Electron crystallography as an informative method for studying the structure of nanoparticles. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774513060059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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192
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Buxhuku M, Hansen V, Oleynikov P, Gjønnes J. The determination of rotation axis in the rotation electron diffraction technique. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2013; 19:1276-1280. [PMID: 23920412 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927613012749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Methods to determine the rotation axis using the rotation electron diffraction technique are described. A combination of rotation axis tilt, beam tilt, and simulated experimental diffraction patterns with nonintegers zone axis has been used. Accurate knowledge of the crystallographic direction of the incident beam for deducing the excitation error of reflections simultaneously near Bragg positions is essential in quantitative electron diffraction. Experimental patterns from CoP₃ are used as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Buxhuku
- Department of Mechanical and Structure Engineering and Material Science, University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
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193
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Direct atomic structure determination by the inspection of structural phase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:14144-9. [PMID: 23940343 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1307323110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A century has passed since Bragg solved the first atomic structure using diffraction. As with this first structure, all atomic structures to date have been deduced from the measurement of many diffracted intensities using iterative and statistical methods. We show that centrosymmetric atomic structures can be determined without the need to measure or even record a diffracted intensity. Instead, atomic structures can be determined directly and quickly from the observation of crystallographic phases in electron diffraction patterns. Furthermore, only a few phases are required to achieve high resolution. This represents a paradigm shift in structure determination methods, which we demonstrate with the moderately complex α-Al2O3. We show that the observation of just nine phases enables the location of all atoms with a resolution of better than 0.1 Å. This level of certainty previously required the measurement of thousands of diffracted intensities.
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194
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VILADOT D, VÉRON M, GEMMI M, PEIRÓ F, PORTILLO J, ESTRADÉ S, MENDOZA J, LLORCA-ISERN N, NICOLOPOULOS S. Orientation and phase mapping in the transmission electron microscope using precession-assisted diffraction spot recognition: state-of-the-art results. J Microsc 2013; 252:23-34. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. VILADOT
- CPCM Universitat de Barcelona; Facultat de Química, Departament de Ciencia de Materials i Enginyeria Metallúrgica; Barcelona Catalunya Spain
| | - M. VÉRON
- Laboratoire SIMaP; Grenoble INP - CNRS - UJF, Saint Martin d'Hères Cedex; France
| | - M. GEMMI
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Pisa Italy
| | - F. PEIRÓ
- LENS, MIND-IN2UB; Departament d'Electrònica, Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - J. PORTILLO
- NanoMEGAS SPRL; Brussels Belgium
- Centres Científics i Tecnològics de la Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Catalunya, Spain
| | - S. ESTRADÉ
- LENS, MIND-IN2UB; Departament d'Electrònica, Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Centres Científics i Tecnològics de la Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Catalunya, Spain
| | - J. MENDOZA
- Centres Científics i Tecnològics de la Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Catalunya, Spain
| | - N. LLORCA-ISERN
- CPCM Universitat de Barcelona; Facultat de Química, Departament de Ciencia de Materials i Enginyeria Metallúrgica; Barcelona Catalunya Spain
| | - S. NICOLOPOULOS
- NanoMEGAS SPRL; Brussels Belgium
- CPCM Universitat de Barcelona; Facultat de Química, Departament de Ciencia de Materials i Enginyeria Metallúrgica; Barcelona Catalunya Spain
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195
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Smeets S, McCusker LB, Baerlocher C, Mugnaioli E, Kolb U. UsingFOCUSto solve zeolite structures from three-dimensional electron diffraction data. J Appl Crystallogr 2013. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889813014817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The programFOCUS[Grosse-Kunstleve, McCusker & Baerlocher (1997).J. Appl. Cryst.30, 985–995] was originally developed to solve zeolite structures from X-ray powder diffraction data. It uses zeolite-specific chemical information (three-dimensional 4-connected framework structure with known bond distances and angles) to supplement the diffraction data. In this way, it is possible to compensate, at least in part, for the ambiguity of the reflection intensities resulting from reflection overlap, and the program has proven to be quite successful. Recently, advances in electron microscopy have led to the development of automated diffraction tomography (ADT) and rotation electron diffraction (RED) techniques for collecting three-dimensional electron diffraction data on very small crystallites. Reasoning that such data are also less than ideal (dynamical scattering, low completeness, beam damage) and that this can lead to failure of structure solution by conventional direct methods for very complex zeolite frameworks,FOCUSwas modified to accommodate electron diffraction data. The modified program was applied successfully to five different data sets (four ADT and one RED) collected on zeolites of different complexities. One of these could not be solved completely by direct methods but emerged easily in theFOCUStrials.
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196
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Galceran M, Albou A, Renard K, Coulombier M, Jacques PJ, Godet S. Automatic crystallographic characterization in a transmission electron microscope: applications to twinning induced plasticity steels and Al thin films. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2013; 19:693-697. [PMID: 23642730 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927613000445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A new automated crystallographic orientation mapping tool in a transmission electron microscope technique, which is based on pattern matching between every acquired electron diffraction pattern and precalculated templates, has been used for the microstructural characterization of nondeformed and deformed aluminum thin films and twinning-induced plasticity steels. The increased spatial resolution and the use of electron diffraction patterns rather than Kikuchi lines make this tool very appropriate to characterize fine grained and deformed microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Galceran
- 4MAT (Materials Engineering, Characterization, Synthesis and Recycling), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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197
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Boullay P, Palatinus L, Barrier N. Precession Electron Diffraction Tomography for Solving Complex Modulated Structures: the Case of Bi5Nb3O15. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:6127-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ic400529s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Boullay
- Laboratoire CRISMAT, UMR CNRS 6508, ENSICAEN, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin,
F-14050 Caen Cedex 4, France
| | - Lukas Palatinus
- Institute of Physics of the AS CR, v.v.i. Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague, Czechia
| | - Nicolas Barrier
- Laboratoire CRISMAT, UMR CNRS 6508, ENSICAEN, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin,
F-14050 Caen Cedex 4, France
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198
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Thomas JM, Ducati C, Leary R, Midgley PA. Some Turning Points in the Chemical Electron Microscopic Study of Heterogeneous Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201200883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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199
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Nederlof I, Li YW, van Heel M, Abrahams JP. Imaging protein three-dimensional nanocrystals with cryo-EM. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D: BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2013; 69:852-9. [DOI: 10.1107/s0907444913002734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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200
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Ji G, Morniroli JP. Electron diffraction characterization of a new metastable Al2Cu phase in an Al–Cu friction stir weld. J Appl Crystallogr 2013. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889813001635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The space group of a new metastable orthorhombic Al2Cu phase, located in the Al-rich interfacial region of an Al–Cu friction stir weld, was unambiguously identified asIc2mby a recently developed systematic method combining precession electron diffraction and convergent-beam electron diffraction. This metastable phase has the same tetragonal lattice as its stable θ-Al2Cu counterpart (tetragonal,I4/mcm, No. 140). The tetragonal-to-orthorhombic symmetry lowering is due to slight modifications of the atomic positions in the unit cell. This metastable phase can be transformed into the stable θ-Al2Cu phase byin situirradiation within the transmission electron microscope.
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