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SEZINANDO ANA, PERDIGÃO JORGE, REGALHEIRO RITA. Dentin Bond Strengths of Four Adhesion Strategies after Thermal Fatigue and 6-Month Water Storage. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2012; 24:345-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8240.2012.00531.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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153
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Nurrohman H, Nikaido T, Takagaki T, Sadr A, Ichinose S, Tagami J. Apatite crystal protection against acid-attack beneath resin-dentin interface with four adhesives: TEM and crystallography evidence. Dent Mater 2012; 28:e89-98. [PMID: 22572538 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2012.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interaction between specific functional groups and apatite crystals may contribute to adhesion. The present study investigated effects of four adhesives with different compositions on protection of crystals beneath the hybrid layer against acid-attack using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). METHODS Human dentin was bonded with four adhesives; two with a carboxylic-based functional co-polymer (PAA): three-step etch-and-rinse Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SMP, 3M ESPE) and one-step self-etch Adper Easy Bond (AEB, 3M ESPE), and two with a phosphate-based functional monomer (MDP): two-step etch-and-rinse Clearfil Photo Bond (CPB, Kuraray Medical) and two-step self-etch Clearfil SE Bond (CSE, Kuraray Medical). The specimens were the either left untreated (control) or subjected to acid-base challenge with demineralizing solution (pH 4.5) and 5% NaClO. All specimens were processed and observed by TEM. SAED was used to identify the presence or absence of apatite crystallites at the base or beneath hybrid layer before and after acid-base challenge. RESULTS An apatite-rich zone was observed beneath the partially demineralized hybrid layer of CSE. The zone was thinner in AEB, but a demineralization-susceptible area was found beneath it. The etch-and-rinse adhesives (SMP and CPB) demonstrated completely or predominantly demineralized hybrid layers, which were devoid of the acid-resistant apatite-rich zone. SIGNIFICANCE TEM/SAED evidence disclosed that the preserved dentin apatite crystals beneath the thin hybrid layer of the mild self-etch adhesives were protected against acid. Diffusion of reactive components beyond the hybrid layer, and their chemical bonding potential with the remaining crystals created the acid-base resistant zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Nurrohman
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Oguri M, Yoshida Y, Yoshihara K, Miyauchi T, Nakamura Y, Shimoda S, Hanabusa M, Momoi Y, Van Meerbeek B. Effects of functional monomers and photo-initiators on the degree of conversion of a dental adhesive. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:1928-34. [PMID: 22293580 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Besides functional and cross-linking monomers, dental adhesives contain a photo-initiator system for polymerization, thereby providing physico-mechanical strength to the adhesive-tooth interface. Few studies have investigated the effect of the functional monomer and polymerization-initiation system on the polymerization efficiency of the adhesive. Here, we tested the effect of two different functional monomers (MAC-10 vs. SR) and two photo-initiator systems, camphorquinone-amine (CQ) vs. borate (BO), on the degree of conversion (DC) of different adhesive formulations. The DC of the CQ-cured adhesive formulations was significantly affected by the MAC-10 monomer. This should be ascribed to the known inactivation of the amine co-initiator through acid-base reaction. However, the SR monomer did not decrease the DC, which could be attributed to a "gel effect" or the so-called "Trommsdorff-Norrish" phenomenon of enhanced DC with more viscous resins, and to the more favorable availability of CC double bonds. In contrast, the DC of the BO-cured adhesive formulations was not affected by any acidic monomer. It is concluded that the degree of conversion of an adhesive can be affected by the functional monomer, but this depends on the kind of photo-initiator system used. As bond durability depends, among other factors, on the strength and thus degree of conversion of the adhesive, potential interaction between adhesive ingredients and the photo-initiator system definitely needs to be studied further.
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Fox K, Tran PA, Tran N. Recent advances in research applications of nanophase hydroxyapatite. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:2495-506. [PMID: 22467406 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite, the main inorganic material in natural bone, has been used widely for orthopaedic applications. Due to size effects and surface phenomena at the nanoscale, nanophase hydroxyapatite possesses unique properties compared to its bulk-phase counterpart. The high surface-to-volume ratio, reactivities, and biomimetic morphologies make nano-hydroxyapatite more favourable in applications such as orthopaedic implant coating or bone substitute filler. Recently, more efforts have been focused on the possibility of combining hydroxyapatite with other drugs and materials for multipurpose applications, such as antimicrobial treatments, osteoporosis treatments and magnetic manipulation. To build more effective nano-hydroxyapatite and composite systems, the particle synthesis processes, chemistry, and toxicity have to be thoroughly investigated. In this Minireview, we report the recent advances in research regarding nano-hydroxyapatite. Synthesis routes and a wide range of applications of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles will be discussed. The Minireview also addresses several challenges concerning the biosafety of the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Fox
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Yoshida Y, Yoshihara K, Nagaoka N, Hayakawa S, Torii Y, Ogawa T, Osaka A, Meerbeek B. Self-assembled Nano-layering at the Adhesive Interface. J Dent Res 2012; 91:376-81. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034512437375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the ‘Adhesion–Decalcification’ concept, specific functional monomers within dental adhesives can ionically interact with hydroxyapatite (HAp). Such ionic bonding has been demonstrated for 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) to manifest in the form of self-assembled ‘nano-layering’. However, it remained to be explored if such nano-layering also occurs on tooth tissue when commercial MDP-containing adhesives (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray; Scotchbond Universal, 3M ESPE) were applied following common clinical application protocols. We therefore characterized adhesive-dentin interfaces chemically, using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and ultrastructurally, using (scanning) transmission electron microscopy (TEM/STEM). Both adhesives revealed nano-layering at the adhesive interface, not only within the hybrid layer but also, particularly for Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray), extending into the adhesive layer. Since such self-assembled nano-layering of two 10-MDP molecules, joined by stable MDP-Ca salt formation, must make the adhesive interface more resistant to biodegradation, it may well explain the documented favorable clinical longevity of bonds produced by 10-MDP-based adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Yoshida
- Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
- Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - K. Yoshihara
- KU Leuven BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Group of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - N. Nagaoka
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - S. Hayakawa
- Biomaterials Laboratory Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Y. Torii
- Comprehensive Dental Clinic, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - T. Ogawa
- Cooperative Research Facilities, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - A. Osaka
- Biomaterials Laboratory Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - B.Van Meerbeek
- KU Leuven BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Group of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
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YOSHIDA Y, YOSHIHARA K, NAGAOKA N, HANABUSA M, MATSUMOTO T, MOMOI Y. X-ray diffraction analysis of three-dimensional self-reinforcing monomer and its chemical interaction with tooth and hydroxyapatite. Dent Mater J 2012; 31:697-702. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2012-074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nikaido T, Ichikawa C, Li N, Takagaki T, Sadr A, Yoshida Y, Suzuki K, Tagami J. Effect of functional monomers in all-in-one adhesive systems on formation of enamel/dentin acid-base resistant zone. Dent Mater J 2011; 30:576-82. [PMID: 21946477 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2010-214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating the effect of functional monomers in all-in-one adhesive systems on formation of acid-base resistant zone (ABRZ) in enamel and dentin. Experimental adhesive systems containing one of three functional monomers; MDP, 3D-SR and 4-META were applied to enamel or dentin surface and light-cured. A universal resin composite was then placed. The specimens were subjected to a demineralizing solution (pH 4.5) and 5% NaClO for acid-base challenge and then observed by SEM. The ABRZ was clearly observed in both enamel and dentin interfaces. However, enamel ABRZ was thinner than dentin ABRZ in all adhesives. Morphology of the ABRZ was different between enamel and dentin, and also among the adhesives. Funnel-shaped erosion was observed only in the enamel specimen with the 4-META adhesive. The formation of enamel/dentin ABRZ was confirmed in all adhesives, but the morphology was influenced by the functional monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Nikaido
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
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Yoshihara K, Yoshida Y, Hayakawa S, Nagaoka N, Irie M, Ogawa T, Van Landuyt KL, Osaka A, Suzuki K, Minagi S, Van Meerbeek B. Nanolayering of phosphoric acid ester monomer on enamel and dentin. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:3187-95. [PMID: 21575747 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Following the "adhesion-decalcification" concept, specific functional monomers possess the capacity to primary chemically interact with hydroxyapatite (HAp). Such ionic bonding with synthetic HAp has been demonstrated for 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP), manifest as self-assembled "nanolayering". In continuation of that basic research this study aimed to explore whether nanolayering also occurs on enamel and dentin when a 10-MDP primer is applied following a common clinical application protocol. Therefore, the interaction of an experimental 10-MDP primer and a control, commercially available, 10-MDP-based primer (Clearfil SE Bond primer (C-SE), Kuraray) with enamel and dentin was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), complemented with transmission electron microscopy interfacial ultrastructural data upon their reaction with enamel and dentin. In addition, XRD was used to study the effect of the concentration of 10-MDP on nanolayering on dentin. Finally, the stability of the nanolayers was determined by measuring the bond strength to enamel and dentin when a photoinitiator was added to the experimental primer or when interfacial polymerization depended solely on the photoinitiator supplied with the subsequently applied adhesive resin. XRD confirmed nanolayering on enamel and dentin, which was significantly greater on dentin than on enamel, and also when the surface was actively rubbed with the primer. Nanolayering was also proportional to the concentration of 10-MDP in the primer. Finally, the experimental primer needed the photoinitiator to obtain a tensile bond strength to dentin comparable with that of the control C-SE primer (which also contains a photoinitiator), but not when bonded to enamel. It is concluded that self-assembled nanolayering occurs on enamel and dentin, even when following a clinically used application protocol. The lower bonding effectiveness of mild self-etch adhesives to enamel should be ascribed in part to a lower chemical reactivity (nanolayering) with enamel HAp.
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Yoshihara K, Yoshida Y, Hayakawa S, Nagaoka N, Torii Y, Osaka A, Suzuki K, Minagi S, Van Meerbeek B, Van Landuyt K. Self-etch Monomer-Calcium Salt Deposition on Dentin. J Dent Res 2011; 90:602-6. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034510397197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. Yoshihara
- Department of Occlusal and Oral Functional Rehabilitation, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Leuven BIOMAT Research Cluster, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School for Dentistry, Oral Pathology and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Catholic University of Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Y. Yoshida
- Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Okayama University, Japan
| | - S. Hayakawa
- Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Okayama University, Japan
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Japan
| | - N. Nagaoka
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Y. Torii
- Comprehensive Dental Clinic, Okayama University Hospital, Japan
| | - A. Osaka
- Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Okayama University, Japan
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Japan
| | - K. Suzuki
- Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Okayama University, Japan
| | - S. Minagi
- Department of Occlusal and Oral Functional Rehabilitation, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - B. Van Meerbeek
- Leuven BIOMAT Research Cluster, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School for Dentistry, Oral Pathology and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Catholic University of Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - K.L. Van Landuyt
- Leuven BIOMAT Research Cluster, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School for Dentistry, Oral Pathology and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Catholic University of Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Fujita K, Ma S, Aida M, Maeda T, Ikemi T, Hirata M, Nishiyama N. Effect of Reacted Acidic Monomer with Calcium on Bonding Performance. J Dent Res 2011; 90:607-12. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034510397837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. Fujita
- Department of Dental Caries Control and Aesthetic Dentistry
| | - S. Ma
- Department of Endodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Clinician, 75 Road, Tianjin Dagu 300041, China
| | - M. Aida
- Department of Crown Bridge Prosthodontics
| | - T. Maeda
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry
| | - T. Ikemi
- Department of Dental Caries Control and Aesthetic Dentistry
| | - M. Hirata
- University Research Center, Nihon University, 1-2-1 Izumicho, Narashino, Chiba 275-8575, Japan
| | - N. Nishiyama
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 870-1 Sakaecho, Nishi 2, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
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162
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Dieng-Sarr F, Sharrock P, Dabsie F, Grégoire G. Modifications of the organic and mineral fractions of dental tissues following conditioning by self-etching adhesives. J Dent 2011; 39:141-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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