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Pakulska MM, Ballios BG, Shoichet MS. Injectable hydrogels for central nervous system therapy. Biomed Mater 2012; 7:024101. [PMID: 22456684 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/7/2/024101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diseases and injuries of the central nervous system (CNS) including those in the brain, spinal cord and retina are devastating because the CNS has limited intrinsic regenerative capacity and currently available therapies are unable to provide significant functional recovery. Several promising therapies have been identified with the goal of restoring at least some of this lost function and include neuroprotective agents to stop or slow cellular degeneration, neurotrophic factors to stimulate cellular growth, neutralizing molecules to overcome the inhibitory environment at the site of injury, and stem cell transplant strategies to replace lost tissue. The delivery of these therapies to the CNS is a challenge because the blood-brain barrier limits the diffusion of molecules into the brain by traditional oral or intravenous routes. Injectable hydrogels have the capacity to overcome the challenges associated with drug delivery to the CNS, by providing a minimally invasive, localized, void-filling platform for therapeutic use. Small molecule or protein drugs can be distributed throughout the hydrogel which then acts as a depot for their sustained release at the injury site. For cell delivery, the hydrogel can reduce cell aggregation and provide an adhesive matrix for improved cell survival and integration. Additionally, by choosing a biodegradable or bioresorbable hydrogel material, the system will eventually be eliminated from the body. This review discusses both natural and synthetic injectable hydrogel materials that have been used for drug or cell delivery to the CNS including hyaluronan, methylcellulose, chitosan, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and Matrigel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgosia M Pakulska
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
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152
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Li Y, Rodrigues J, Tomás H. Injectable and biodegradable hydrogels: gelation, biodegradation and biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:2193-221. [PMID: 22116474 DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15203c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 944] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels with biodegradability have in situ formability which in vitro/in vivo allows an effective and homogeneous encapsulation of drugs/cells, and convenient in vivo surgical operation in a minimally invasive way, causing smaller scar size and less pain for patients. Therefore, they have found a variety of biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, cell encapsulation, and tissue engineering. This critical review systematically summarizes the recent progresses on biodegradable and injectable hydrogels fabricated from natural polymers (chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginates, gelatin, heparin, chondroitin sulfate, etc.) and biodegradable synthetic polymers (polypeptides, polyesters, polyphosphazenes, etc.). The review includes the novel naturally based hydrogels with high potential for biomedical applications developed in the past five years which integrate the excellent biocompatibility of natural polymers/synthetic polypeptides with structural controllability via chemical modification. The gelation and biodegradation which are two key factors to affect the cell fate or drug delivery are highlighted. A brief outlook on the future of injectable and biodegradable hydrogels is also presented (326 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Li
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal.
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153
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You J, Zhou J, Li Q, Zhang L. Rheological study of physical cross-linked quaternized cellulose hydrogels induced by β-glycerophosphate. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:4965-4973. [PMID: 22360300 DOI: 10.1021/la2046417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
As a weak base, β-glycerophosphate (β-GP) was used to spontaneously initiate gelation of quaternized cellulose (QC) solutions at body temperature. The QC/β-GP solutions are flowable below or at room temperature but gel rapidly under physiological conditions. In order to clarify the sol-gel transition process of the QC/β-GP systems, the complex was investigated by dynamic viscoelastic measurements. The shear storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G″) as a function of (1) concentration of β-GP (c(β-GP)), (2) concentration of QC (c(QC)), (3) degree of substitution (DS; i.e., the average number of substituted hydroxyl groups in the anhydroglucose unit) of QC, (4) viscosity-average molecular weight (M(η)) of QC, and (5) solvent medium were studied by the oscillatory rheology. The sol-gel transition temperature of QC/β-GP solutions decreased with an increase of c(QC) and c(β-GP), the M(η) of QC, and a decrease of the DS of QC and pH of the solvent. The sol-gel transition temperature and time could be easily controlled by adjusting the concentrations of QC and β-GP, M(η) and DS of QC, and the solvent medium. Gels formed after heating were irreversible; i.e., after cooling to lower temperature they could not be dissolved to become liquid again. The aggregation and entanglement of QC chains, electrostatic interaction, and hydrogen bonding between QC and β-GP were the main factors responsible for the irreversible sol-gel transition behavior of QC/β-GP systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun You
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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154
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Barnaby SN, Fath KR, Tsiola A, Banerjee IA. Fabrication of ellagic acid incorporated self-assembled peptide microtubes and their applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 95:154-61. [PMID: 22455831 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA), a plant polyphenol known for its wide-range of health benefits was encapsulated within self-assembled threonine based peptide microtubes. The microtubes were assembled using the synthesized precursor bolaamphiphile bis(N-α-amido threonine)-1,5-pentane dicarboxylate. The self-assembly of the microstructures was probed at varying pH. In general, tubular formations were observed at a pH range of 4-6. The formed microtubes were then utilized for fabrication with EA. We probed the ability of the microtubes as drug release vehicles for EA as well as for antibacterial applications. It was found that the release of EA was both pH and concentration dependent. The biocompatibility as well as cytotoxicity of the EA-fabricated microtubes was examined in the presence of mammalian normal rat kidney (NRK) cells. Finally the antibacterial effects of the EA incorporated peptide microtubes was examined against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey N Barnaby
- Department of Chemistry, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, NY 10458, United States
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155
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Design and evaluation of a highly porous thermosensitive hydrogel with low gelation temperature as a 3D culture system for Penaeus chinensis lymphoid cells. Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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156
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Thermogelling polymers composed of poly(cyclohexylenedimethylene adipate) and poly(ethylene glycol). Eur Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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157
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Dang QF, Zou SH, Chen XG, Liu CS, Li JJ, Zhou X, Liu Y, Cheng XJ. Characterizations of chitosan-based highly porous hydrogel-The effects of the solvent. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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158
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In situ forming polysaccharide-based 3D-hydrogels for cell delivery in regenerative medicine. Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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159
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Kim S, Tsao H, Kang Y, Young DA, Sen M, Wenke JC, Yang Y. In vitro evaluation of an injectable chitosan gel for sustained local delivery of BMP-2 for osteoblastic differentiation. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2011; 99:380-90. [PMID: 21905214 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) from an injectable chitosan gel on osteoblastic differentiation in vitro. We first characterized the release profile of BMP-2 from the gels, and then examined the cellular responses of preosteoblast mouse stromal cells (W-20-17) and human embryonic palatal mesenchymal (HEPM) cells to BMP-2. The release profiles of different concentrations of BMP-2 exhibited sustained releases (41% for 2 ng/mL and 48% for 20 ng/mL, respectively) from the chitosan gels over a three-week period. Both cell types cultured in the chitosan gels were viable and significantly proliferated for 3 days (p < 0.05). Chitosan gels loaded with BMP-2 enhanced ALP activity of W-20-17 by 3.6-fold, and increased calcium mineral deposition of HEPM by 2.8-fold at 14 days of incubation, compared to control groups initially containing the same amount of BMP-2. In addition, schitosan gels loaded with BMP-2 exhibited significantly greater osteocalcin synthesis of W-20-17 at seven days, and of HEPM at both 7 and 14 days compared with the control groups (p<0.05). This study suggests that the enhanced effects of BMP-2 released from chitosan gels on cell differentiation and mineralization are species and cell type dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoo Kim
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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160
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Torres AJ, Zhu C, Shuler ML, Pannullo S. Paclitaxel delivery to brain tumors from hydrogels: A computational study. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:1478-87. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 05/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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161
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Hussein MZ, Al Ali SH, Zainal Z, Hakim MN. Development of antiproliferative nanohybrid compound with controlled release property using ellagic acid as the active agent. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:1373-83. [PMID: 21796241 PMCID: PMC3141866 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s21567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An ellagic acid (EA)–zinc layered hydroxide (ZLH) nanohybrid (EAN) was synthesized under a nonaqueous environment using EA and zinc oxide (ZnO) as the precursors. Powder X-ray diffraction showed that the basal spacing of the nanohybrid was 10.4 Å, resulting in the spatial orientation of EA molecules between the interlayers of 22.5° from z-axis with two negative charges at 8,8′ position of the molecules pointed toward the ZLH interlayers. FTIR study showed that the intercalated EA spectral feature is generally similar to that of EA, but with bands slightly shifted. This indicates that some chemical bonding of EA presence between the nanohybrid interlayers was slightly changed, due to the formation of host–guest interaction. The nanohybrid is of mesopores type with 58.8% drug loading and enhanced thermal stability. The release of the drug active, EA from the nanohybrid was found to be sustained and therefore has good potential to be used as a drug controlled-release formulation. In vitro bioassay study showed that the EAN has a mild effect on the hepatocytes cells, similar to its counterpart, free EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Zobir Hussein
- Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Selangor, Malaysia.
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162
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Tsai ML, Chang HW, Yu HC, Lin YS, Tsai YD. Effect of chitosan characteristics and solution conditions on gelation temperatures of chitosan/2-glycerophosphate/nanosilver hydrogels. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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163
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Biomimetic properties of an injectable chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen composite. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2010.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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164
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Thermosensitive hydrogels for nasal drug delivery: The formulation and characterisation of systems based on N-trimethyl chitosan chloride. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 77:225-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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165
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Chitosan and Chitosan Derivatives in Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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166
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Friedman M, Juneja VK. Review of antimicrobial and antioxidative activities of chitosans in food. J Food Prot 2010; 73:1737-61. [PMID: 20828484 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-73.9.1737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Interest in chitosan, a biodegradable, nontoxic, non-antigenic, and biocompatible biopolymer isolated from shellfish, arises from the fact that chitosans are reported to exhibit numerous health-related beneficial effects, including strong antimicrobial and antioxidative activities in foods. The extraordinary interest in the chemistry and application in agriculture, horticulture, environmental science, industry, microbiology, and medicine is attested by about 17,000 citations on this subject in the Scopus database. A special need exists to develop a better understanding of the role of chitosans in ameliorating foodborne illness. To contribute to this effort, this overview surveys and interprets our present knowledge of the chemistry and antimicrobial activities of chitosan in solution, as powders, and in edible films and coating against foodborne pathogens, spoilage bacteria, and pathogenic viruses and fungi in several food categories. These include produce, fruit juices, eggs and dairy, cereal, meat, and seafood products. Also covered are antimicrobial activities of chemically modified and nanochitosans, therapeutic properties, and possible mechanisms of the antimicrobial, antioxidative, and metal chelating effects. Further research is suggested in each of these categories. The widely scattered data on the multifaceted aspects of chitosan microbiology, summarized in the text and in 10 tables and 8 representative figures, suggest that low-molecular-weight chitosans at a pH below 6.0 presents optimal conditions for achieving desirable antimicrobial and antioxidative-preservative effects in liquid and solid foods. We are very hopeful that the described findings will be a valuable record and resource for further progress to improve microbial food safety and food quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendel Friedman
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, USA.
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