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Abstract
Recent advances in the field of biology, electronics, and nanotechnology have improved the development of biosensors. A biosensor is a device composed of a biological recognition element and a sensor element. Biosensor applications are becoming increasingly important in areas such as biotechnology, pharmaceutics, food, and environment. Lipases and phospholipases are enzymes which have been used widely in food industry, oleochemical industry, biodegradable polymers, detergents, and other applications. In the medical industry, lipases and phospholipases are used as diagnostic tools to detect triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids levels in blood samples. Therefore, the development of lipase and phospholipase biosensors is of paramount importance in the clinical area. This chapter introduces the reader into the preliminaries of biosensor and reviews recent developments of lipase and phospholipase biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique J Herrera-López
- Industrial Biotechnology Unit, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C. (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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152
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Tan CW, Tan KH, Ong YT, Mohamed AR, Zein SHS, Tan SH. Carbon Nanotubes Applications: Solar and Fuel Cells, Hydrogen Storage, Lithium Batteries, Supercapacitors, Nanocomposites, Gas, Pathogens, Dyes, Heavy Metals and Pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY FOR A SUSTAINABLE WORLD 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2442-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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153
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Amperometric cholesterol biosensor using layer-by-layer adsorption technique onto electrospun polyaniline nanofibers. J IND ENG CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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154
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Winter A, Hager MD, Newkome GR, Schubert US. The marriage of terpyridines and inorganic nanoparticles: synthetic aspects, characterization techniques, and potential applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:5728-5748. [PMID: 22109682 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201103612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of supramolecular chemistry, i.e., metal-to-ligand coordination, in the field of nanotechnology is evaluated with respect to 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine, as tridentate metal binding site. Stabilization as well as directed self-assembly of nanometer-sized materials into ordered arrays are the most widely studied targets of current research. Moreover, energy- and/or electron-transfer processes are enabled when redox-active terpyridine complexes are bound to (semi)conducting species (e.g., fullerenes, polyoxometalates)-thus, applications in nanoelectronics and catalysis are currently arising from these hybrid materials. Progress made in these fields, resulting from the marriage of terpyridines (as well as their metal complexes) and nanostructures, is summarized in this Review Article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Winter
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany
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155
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156
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Zahmakıran M, Ozkar S. Metal nanoparticles in liquid phase catalysis; from recent advances to future goals. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:3462-3481. [PMID: 21833406 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10201j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles have attracted much attention over the last decade owing to their unique properties, different to their bulk counterparts, which pave the way for their application in different fields from materials science and engineering to biomedical applications. Of particular interest, the use of metal nanoparticles in catalysis has brought superior efficiency in terms of activity, selectivity and lifetime to heterogeneous catalysis. This article reviews the recent developments in the synthesis routes and the catalytic performance of metal nanoparticles depending on the solvent used for various organic and inorganic transformations. Additionally, we also discuss the prevalent complications and their possible solutions plus future prospects in the field of nanocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Zahmakıran
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06531, Ankara, Turkey
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157
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Xu X, Ying Y. Microbial Biosensors for Environmental Monitoring and Food Analysis. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2011.563393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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158
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Ju H, Zhang X, Wang J. Biosensing Applications of Molecularly Imprinted Nanomaterials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9622-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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159
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Dhillon GS, Brar SK, Kaur S, Verma M. Green approach for nanoparticle biosynthesis by fungi: current trends and applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2011; 32:49-73. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2010.550568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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160
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Brondani D, Zapp E, Vieira IC, Dupont J, Scheeren CW. Gold nanoparticles in an ionic liquid phase supported in a biopolymeric matrix applied in the development of a rosmarinic acid biosensor. Analyst 2011; 136:2495-505. [PMID: 21519593 DOI: 10.1039/c1an15047b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles dispersed in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid (Au-BMI·PF(6)) were supported in chitin (CTN) chemically crosslinked with glyoxal and epichlorohydrin to obtain a new supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) catalyst with high catalytic activity, and providing an excellent environment for enzyme immobilization. This modified biopolymer matrix (Au-BMI·PF(6)-CTN) was used as a support for the immobilization of the enzyme peroxidase (PER) from pea (Pisum sativum), and employed to develop a new biosensor for rosmarinic acid (RA) determination in pharmaceutical samples by square-wave voltammetry. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide, the PER catalyzes the oxidation of RA to the corresponding o-quinone, which is electrochemically reduced at a potential of +0.14 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Under optimized conditions, the resulting peak current increased linearly for the RA concentration range of 0.50 to 23.70 μM with a detection limit of 70.09 nM. The biosensor demonstrated high sensitivity, good repeatability and reproducibility, and long-term stability (15% decrease in response over 120 days). The method was successfully applied to the determination of RA content in pharmaceutical samples, with recovery values being in the range of 98.3 to 106.2%. The efficient analytical performance of the proposed biosensor can be attributed to the effective immobilization of the PER enzyme in the modified CTN matrix, the significant contribution of the high conductivity of the ionic liquid, the facilitation of electron transfer promoted by gold nanoparticles, and the inherent catalytic ability of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Brondani
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Biosensors, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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161
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162
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Hyun Seok, Park TH. Integration of biomolecules and nanomaterials: Towards highly selective and sensitive biosensors. Biotechnol J 2011; 6:1310-6. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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163
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Murphy-Pérez E, Arya SK, Bhansali S. Vapor-liquid-solid grown silica nanowire based electrochemical glucose biosensor. Analyst 2011; 136:1686-9. [PMID: 21369619 DOI: 10.1039/c0an00977f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) grown silica nanowires (SiO(2)NWs) have been deposited electrophoretically on a gold electrode and utilized for covalent immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx). Covalent binding has been achieved via 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) modification and N-ethyl-N'-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide chemistry. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry techniques have been used to characterize SiO(2)NW and GOx/APTES/SiO(2)NW/Au bioelectrode. Electrochemical studies reveal that SiO(2)NW increases the effective electro-active surface area thus resulting in higher loading of enzyme. Response characteristics show linearity in the range of interest 25-300 mg dl(-1), with a detection limit of 11 mg dl(-1), sensitivity: 0.463 µA (mg dl(-1))(-1) and regression coefficient of 0.992.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Murphy-Pérez
- Bio-MEMS and Microsystem Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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164
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Muñoz-Noval A, Sánchez-Vaquero V, Torres-Costa V, Gallach D, Ferro-Llanos V, Serrano JJ, Manso-Silván M, García-Ruiz JP, del Pozo F, Martín-Palma RJ. Hybrid luminescent/magnetic nanostructured porous silicon particles for biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:025002. [PMID: 21361682 DOI: 10.1117/1.3533321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This work describes a novel process for the fabrication of hybrid nanostructured particles showing intense tunable photoluminescence and a simultaneous ferromagnetic behavior. The fabrication process involves the synthesis of nanostructured porous silicon (NPSi) by chemical anodization of crystalline silicon and subsequent in pore growth of Co nanoparticles by electrochemically-assisted infiltration. Final particles are obtained by subsequent sonication of the Co-infiltrated NPSi layers and conjugation with poly(ethylene glycol) aiming at enhancing their hydrophilic character. These particles respond to magnetic fields, emit light in the visible when excited in the UV range, and internalize into human mesenchymal stem cells with no apoptosis induction. Furthermore, cytotoxicity in in-vitro systems confirms their biocompatibility and the viability of the cells after incorporation of the particles. The hybrid nanostructured particles might represent powerful research tools as cellular trackers or in cellular therapy since they allow combining two or more properties into a single particle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Muñoz-Noval
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red: Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-bbn), Departamento de Física Aplicada, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
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165
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Abstract
Progress and development in biosensor development will inevitably focus upon the technology of the nanomaterials that offer promise to solve the biocompatibility and biofouling problems. The biosensors using smart nanomaterials have applications for rapid, specific, sensitive, inexpensive, in-field, on-line and/or real-time detection of pesticides, antibiotics, pathogens, toxins, proteins, microbes, plants, animals, foods, soil, air, and water. Thus, biosensors are excellent analytical tools for pollution monitoring, by which implementation of legislative provisions to safeguard our biosphere could be made effectively plausible. The current trends and challenges with nanomaterials for various applications will have focus biosensor development and miniaturization. All these growing areas will have a remarkable influence on the development of new ultrasensitive biosensing devices to resolve the severe pollution problems in the future that not only challenges the human health but also affects adversely other various comforts to living entities. This review paper summarizes recent progress in the development of biosensors by integrating functional biomolecules with different types of nanomaterials, including metallic nanoparticles, semiconductor nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, inorganic/organic hybrid, dendrimers, and carbon nanotubes/graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra P. Singh
- Nanotechnology Application Centre, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211 002, India
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166
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Zapp E, Brondani D, Vieira IC, Dupont J, Scheeren CW. Bioelectroanalytical Determination of Rutin Based on bi-Enzymatic Sensor Containing Iridium Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquid Phase Supported in Clay. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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167
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Muti M, Sharma S, Erdem A, Papakonstantinou P. Electrochemical Monitoring of Nucleic Acid Hybridization by Single-Use Graphene Oxide-Based Sensor. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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168
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Majidi M, Asadpour-Zeynali K, Gholizadeh S. Nanobiocomposite Modified Carbon-Ceramic Electrode Based on Nano-TiO2-Plant Tissue and Its Application for Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Dopamine. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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169
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Electrospinning: A fascinating fiber fabrication technique. Biotechnol Adv 2010; 28:325-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3247] [Impact Index Per Article: 231.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2009] [Revised: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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170
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Brault ND, Gao C, Xue H, Piliarik M, Homola J, Jiang S, Yu Q. Ultra-low fouling and functionalizable zwitterionic coatings grafted onto SiO2 via a biomimetic adhesive group for sensing and detection in complex media. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 25:2276-82. [PMID: 20359880 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Non-specific protein binding from human plasma and serum has severely hindered the full capabilities of biosensors concerned with cancer biomarker detection. Currently, there is a strong desire for developing new materials which allow for the convenient attachment of an ultra-low fouling and functionalizable surface coating which can be used for highly sensitive and label-free detection of target analytes directly from complex media. In this work, a short 20 min in situ "graft to" protocol using Tris pH 8.5 buffer was developed for zwitterionic carboxybetaine methacrylate (CBMA) polymer conjugates containing the adhesive biomimetic moiety, 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (DOPA), on SiO(2) substrates. Using a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor, different buffers, pH values, salt concentrations, and temperatures were investigated for determining the "graft to" conditions that yield dense polymer films which both minimize non-specific protein adsorption and maximize antibody immobilization. The optimized surface coatings were shown to be highly protein resistant to 100% human blood plasma and serum. Subsequent antibody functionalized surfaces without any blocking agents enabled the specific detection of the cancer biomarker ALCAM directly from undiluted human serum down to 64 ng/mL. The successful use of this zwitterionic surface coating for detection from complex media on SiO(2) surfaces indicates its potential for broad impacts in the development of implantable medical devices, in vivo diagnostics, and nano-scale biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman D Brault
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1750, USA
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171
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Application of peptide nucleic acid towards development of nanobiosensor arrays. Bioelectrochemistry 2010; 79:153-61. [PMID: 20356802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Revised: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is the modified DNA or DNA analogue with a neutral peptide backbone instead of a negatively charged sugar phosphate. PNA exhibits chemical stability, resistant to enzymatic degradation inside living cell, recognizing specific sequences of nucleic acid, formation of stable hybrid complexes like PNA/DNA/PNA triplex, strand invasion, extraordinary thermal stability and ionic strength, and unique hybridization relative to nucleic acids. These unique physicobiochemical properties of PNA enable a new mode of detection, which is a faster and more reliable analytical process and finds applications in the molecular diagnostics and pharmaceutical fields. Besides, a variety of unique characteristic features, PNAs replace DNA as a probe for biomolecular tool in the molecular genetic diagnostics, cytogenetics, and various pharmaceutical potentials as well as for the development of sensors/arrays/chips and many more investigation purposes. This review paper discusses the various current aspects related with PNAs, making a new hot device in the commercial applications like nanobiosensor arrays.
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172
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173
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Abu-Salah KM, Alrokyan SA, Khan MN, Ansari AA. Nanomaterials as analytical tools for genosensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2010; 10:963-93. [PMID: 22315580 PMCID: PMC3270881 DOI: 10.3390/s100100963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2009] [Revised: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are being increasingly used for the development of electrochemical DNA biosensors, due to the unique electrocatalytic properties found in nanoscale materials. They offer excellent prospects for interfacing biological recognition events with electronic signal transduction and for designing a new generation of bioelectronic devices exhibiting novel functions. In particular, nanomaterials such as noble metal nanoparticles (Au, Pt), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots and metal oxide nanoparticles have been actively investigated for their applications in DNA biosensors, which have become a new interdisciplinary frontier between biological detection and material science. In this article, we address some of the main advances in this field over the past few years, discussing the issues and challenges with the aim of stimulating a broader interest in developing nanomaterial-based biosensors and improving their applications in disease diagnosis and food safety examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M. Abu-Salah
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, P.O Box-2454, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (K.M.A.-S.); (S.A.A.); (M.N.K.)
| | - Salman A. Alrokyan
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, P.O Box-2454, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (K.M.A.-S.); (S.A.A.); (M.N.K.)
| | - Muhammad Naziruddin Khan
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, P.O Box-2454, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (K.M.A.-S.); (S.A.A.); (M.N.K.)
| | - Anees Ahmad Ansari
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, P.O Box-2454, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (K.M.A.-S.); (S.A.A.); (M.N.K.)
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174
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Betty C. Highly sensitive capacitive immunosensor based on porous silicon–polyaniline structure: Bias dependence on specificity. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 25:338-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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175
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Comparison of protein immobilisation methods onto oxidised and native carbon nanofibres for optimum biosensor development. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 395:429-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2970-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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176
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Martín-Palma RJ, Manso M, Torres-Costa V. Optical biosensors based on semiconductor nanostructures. SENSORS 2009; 9:5149-72. [PMID: 22346691 PMCID: PMC3274144 DOI: 10.3390/s90705149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The increasing availability of semiconductor-based nanostructures with novel and unique properties has sparked widespread interest in their use in the field of biosensing. The precise control over the size, shape and composition of these nanostructures leads to the accurate control of their physico-chemical properties and overall behavior. Furthermore, modifications can be made to the nanostructures to better suit their integration with biological systems, leading to such interesting properties as enhanced aqueous solubility, biocompatibility or bio-recognition. In the present work, the most significant applications of semiconductor nanostructures in the field of optical biosensing will be reviewed. In particular, the use of quantum dots as fluorescent bioprobes, which is the most widely used application, will be discussed. In addition, the use of some other nanometric structures in the field of biosensing, including porous semiconductors and photonic crystals, will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl J. Martín-Palma
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +34-91-497-4028; Fax: +34-91-497-3969
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177
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Viswanathan S, Radecka H, Radecki J. Electrochemical biosensors for food analysis. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-009-0143-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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178
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Erdem A, Karadeniz H, Caliskan A. Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Modified Graphite Electrodes for Electrochemical Monitoring of Nucleic Acids and Biomolecular Interactions. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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179
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Ferrocenyl-doped silica nanoparticles as an immobilized affinity support for electrochemical immunoassay of cancer antigen 15-3. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 633:244-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2008] [Revised: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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180
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Földes-Papp Z. Viral Chip Technology in Genomic Medicine. GENOMIC AND PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2009. [PMCID: PMC7149707 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-369420-1.00048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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181
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Imprinting of Molecular Recognition Sites on Nanostructures and Its Applications in Chemosensors. SENSORS 2008; 8:8291-8320. [PMID: 27873989 PMCID: PMC3791020 DOI: 10.3390/s8128291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biological receptors including enzymes, antibodies and active proteins have been widely used as the detection platform in a variety of chemo/biosensors and bioassays. However, the use of artificial host materials in chemical/biological detections has become increasingly attractive, because the synthetic recognition systems such as molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) usually have lower costs, higher physical/chemical stability, easier preparation and better engineering possibility than biological receptors. Molecular imprinting is one of the most efficient strategies to offer a synthetic route to artificial recognition systems by a template polymerization technique, and has attracted considerable efforts due to its importance in separation, chemo/biosensors, catalysis and biomedicine. Despite the fact that MIPs have molecular recognition ability similar to that of biological receptors, traditional bulky MIP materials usually exhibit a low binding capacity and slow binding kinetics to the target species. Moreover, the MIP materials lack the signal-output response to analyte binding events when used as recognition elements in chemo/biosensors or bioassays. Recently, various explorations have demonstrated that molecular imprinting nanotechniques may provide a potential solution to these difficulties. Many successful examples of the development of MIP-based sensors have also been reported during the past several decades. This review will begin with a brief introduction to the principle of molecular imprinting nanotechnology, and then mainly summarize various synthesis methodologies and recognition properties of MIP nanomaterials and their applications in MIP-based chemosensors. Finally, the future perspectives and efforts in MIP nanomaterials and MIP-based sensors are given.
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182
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Peeters S, Stakenborg T, Reekmans G, Laureyn W, Lagae L, Van Aerschot A, Van Ranst M. Impact of spacers on the hybridization efficiency of mixed self-assembled DNA/alkanethiol films. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 24:72-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Revised: 02/26/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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183
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Vamvakaki V, Hatzimarinaki M, Chaniotakis N. Biomimetically Synthesized Silica−Carbon Nanofiber Architectures for the Development of Highly Stable Electrochemical Biosensor Systems. Anal Chem 2008; 80:5970-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ac800614j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Vamvakaki
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete Voutes, P.O. Box 2208, 71003, Iraklion Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Hatzimarinaki
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete Voutes, P.O. Box 2208, 71003, Iraklion Crete, Greece
| | - Nikos Chaniotakis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete Voutes, P.O. Box 2208, 71003, Iraklion Crete, Greece
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184
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Luo PG, Stutzenberger FJ. Nanotechnology in the detection and control of microorganisms. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2008; 63:145-81. [PMID: 18395127 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(07)00004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengju G Luo
- Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
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185
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Enzyme field effect transistor (ENFET) for estimation of triglycerides using magnetic nanoparticles. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 23:1708-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Revised: 01/10/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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186
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Affiliation(s)
- Fern Wickson
- Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities (SVT), University of Bergen, Post Box 7805, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
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187
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Jesorka A, Orwar O. Liposomes: technologies and analytical applications. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2008; 1:801-32. [PMID: 20636098 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.anchem.1.031207.112747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are structurally and functionally some of the most versatile supramolecular assemblies in existence. Since the beginning of active research on lipid vesicles in 1965, the field has progressed enormously and applications are well established in several areas, such as drug and gene delivery. In the analytical sciences, liposomes serve a dual purpose: Either they are analytes, typically in quality-assessment procedures of liposome preparations, or they are functional components in a variety of new analytical systems. Liposome immunoassays, for example, benefit greatly from the amplification provided by encapsulated markers, and nanotube-interconnected liposome networks have emerged as ultrasmall-scale analytical devices. This review provides information about new developments in some of the most actively researched liposome-related topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Jesorka
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
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188
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Ma S, Lu W, Mu J, Li J, Jiang L. Effect of Immobilization Supports on the Amperometric Response of Silver Nanoparticles Enhanced Glucose Oxidase Electrodes. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690701688888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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189
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Abstract
Nanotechnologies are one of the two most prominent actors of the scientific revolution marking the beginning of the new Millennium. As for biotechnology, nanotechnologies are the outcome of an interdisciplinary, new approach to old technological issues ranging from device manufacturing to energy conversion, from sensing to signal amplification and transmission. The discovery of unexpected physical and chemical behavior of matter at the nanometer scale has paved the way to a number of exploitations (some current, most real but prospective). In this paper I will briefly review the nanotechnologies, showing most promise for Medicine and Veterinary Medicine. In this specific area, I will discuss current techniques and soon-to-come applications in nano-pharmaceuticals (i.e. pharmaceuticals based on the specific chemistry of nanoparticles), in vivo targeted nanodispensers, and nanoactuators. Some closing remarks will be made on how this will affect animal health control and healing in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Narducci
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze Fisiche della Materia, Laboratorio per Nanostrutture Epitassiali su Silicio e per Spintronica, Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano Bicocca, Italy.
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190
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Hard template synthesis of conducting polymers: a route to achieve nanostructures. J Solid State Electrochem 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-007-0453-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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191
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Vamvakaki V, Fouskaki M, Chaniotakis N. Electrochemical Biosensing Systems Based on Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanofibers. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710701575520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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192
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Paasonen L, Laaksonen T, Johans C, Yliperttula M, Kontturi K, Urtti A. Gold nanoparticles enable selective light-induced contents release from liposomes. J Control Release 2007; 122:86-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 06/12/2007] [Accepted: 06/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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193
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Jung Y, Lee JM, Jung H, Chung BH. Self-Directed and Self-Oriented Immobilization of Antibody by Protein G−DNA Conjugate. Anal Chem 2007; 79:6534-41. [PMID: 17668928 DOI: 10.1021/ac070484i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A versatile biolinker for efficient antibody immobilization was prepared by site-specific coupling of protein G to DNA oligonucleotide. This protein G-DNA conjugate ensures the controlled immobilization of an antibody to the intended area on the surface of bioassay chips or particles, while maintaining the activity and orientation of the bound antibody. Streptococcus protein G tagged with a cysteine residue at the N-terminus was chemically linked to amine-modified, single-stranded DNA. SPR analysis indicated that the protein G-DNA conjugates sequence-specifically bind to complementary surface-bound DNA probes. More importantly, the resulting protein G, which is hybridized onto the DNA surface, possesses a greater antibody/antigen binding ability than even properly oriented protein G linked on the chip surface by chemical bonding. Antibody targeting on glass slides could also be achieved by using this linker system without modifying or spotting antibodies. Moreover, the protein G-DNA conjugate provided a simple but effective method to label DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles with target antibodies. The DNA-linked protein G construct introduced in this study offers a useful strategy to manage antibody immobilization in many immunoassay systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwon Jung
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong, Daejeon, Korea
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194
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Xu X, Georganopoulou DG, Hill HD, Mirkin CA. Homogeneous Detection of Nucleic Acids Based upon the Light Scattering Properties of Silver-Coated Nanoparticle Probes. Anal Chem 2007; 79:6650-4. [PMID: 17663531 DOI: 10.1021/ac070867g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the development of a simple, rapid, homogeneous, and sensitive detection system for DNA based on the scattering properties of silver-amplified gold nanoparticle probes. The assay uses DNA-functionalized magnetic particle probes that act as scavengers for target DNA, which can be collected via a magnetic field. Once the DNA targets are isolated from the initial sample, they are sandwiched via hybridization by a second set of probes. The latter probes are 13-nm gold nanoparticles modified with a different target complementary DNA. Excess probes are removed through repetitive washing steps. The gold particles are dispersed in solution by dehybridization, corresponding to an assumed 1:1 ratio with the target DNA. Electroless deposition of silver on the surface of the gold probes results in particle growth, which increases their scattering efficiency with time. The scattering efficiency and the extinction signatures of the particle sizes are monitored as a function of time and correlated with target concentration. The limit of detection for this novel assay was determined to be 10 fM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Xu
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
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195
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Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Lopez de Alda MJ, Barceló D. Advantages and limitations of on-line solid phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry technologies versus biosensors for monitoring of emerging contaminants in water. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1152:97-115. [PMID: 17275010 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2006] [Revised: 12/22/2006] [Accepted: 01/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
On-line solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and biosensors are advanced technologies that have found increasing application in the analysis of environmental contaminants although their application to the determination of emerging contaminants (previously unknown or unrecognized pollutants) has been still limited. This review covers the most recent advances occurred in the areas of on-line SPE-LC-MS and biosensors, discusses and compares the main strengths and limitations of the two approaches, and examines their most relevant applications to the analysis of emerging contaminants in environmental waters. So far, the on-line configuration most frequently used has been SPE coupled to liquid chromatography-(tandem) mass spectrometry. Sorbents used for on-line SPE have included both traditional (alkyl-bonded silicas and polymers) and novel (restricted access materials (RAMs), molecularly imprinted synthetic polymers (MIPs), and immobilized receptors or antibodies (immunosorbents) materials. The biosensor technologies most frequently applied have been based on the use of antibodies and, to a lesser extent, enzymes, bacteria, receptors and DNA as recognition elements, and the use of optical and electrochemical transducing elements. Emerging contaminants investigated by means of these two techniques have included pharmaceuticals, endocrine disrupting compounds such as estrogens, alkylphenols and bisphenol A, pesticides transformation products, disinfection by-products, and bacterial toxins and mycotoxins, among others. Both techniques offer advantageous, and frequently comparable, features such as high sensitivity and selectivity, minimum sample manipulation, and automation. Biosensors are, in addition, relatively cheap and fast, which make them ideally suited for routine testing and screening of samples; however, in most cases, they can not compete yet with on-line SPE procedures in terms of accuracy, reproducibility, reliability (confirmation) of results, and capacity for multi-analyte determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rodriguez-Mozaz
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IIQAB-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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196
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Vamvakaki V, Chaniotakis NA. Immobilization of enzymes into nanocavities for the improvement of biosensor stability. Biosens Bioelectron 2007; 22:2650-5. [PMID: 17142036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2006] [Revised: 10/23/2006] [Accepted: 10/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nanoporous materials with different pore sizes are evaluated as immobilization and stabilization matrices of proteins for the development of highly stable biosensors. It has been proven experimentally that confinement of proteins in cages with a diameter that is 2-6 times larger than their size increases considerably the stability of the biomolecules, as has been shown earlier by theoretical calculations. Porous silica beads with pore sizes of 10nm were utilized for the immobilization of the enzymes HRP and GOx with diameters in the order of 5 and 7 nm, respectively. The sensitivity of the corresponding biosensor systems was monitored for 70 h under continuous operation conditions (+600 mV) and it was found that the stabilization factor of GOx is 1.7 times higher compared to HRP. Also the stabilization efficiency of enzymes against leaching and inactivation in porous polymer beads with pore diameters of 10 and 30 nm was examined. The leaching rate of the enzyme AChE from the 30 nm polymer beads was found to be 1.1 times higher than that from the 10nm beads. At the same time the remaining activity of GOx biosensors after 5 days of continuous operation conditions (+600 mV) was found to be 2.1 times higher when the enzyme had been immobilized in the 10nm beads compared to the 30 nm beads. It is thus evident that the matching between the pore size of nanoporous materials and the molecular size of enzymes is essential for the development of biosensors with extended shelf and operational lifetimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Vamvakaki
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes, P.O. Box 2208, 71003 Iraklion, Crete, Greece
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197
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Bonanni B, Andolfi L, Bizzarri AR, Cannistraro S. Functional Metalloproteins Integrated with Conductive Substrates: Detecting Single Molecules and Sensing Individual Recognition Events. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:5062-75. [PMID: 17425359 DOI: 10.1021/jp070035m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, there has been significant interest in the integration of biomaterials with electronic elements: combining biological functions of biomolecules with nanotechnology offers new perspectives for implementation of ultrasensitive hybrid nanodevices. In particular, great attention has been devoted to redox metalloproteins, since they possess unique characteristics, such as electron-transfer capability, possibility of gating redox activity, and nanometric size, which make them appealing for bioelectronics applications at the nanoscale. The reliable connection of redox proteins to electrodes, aimed at ensuring good electrical contact with the conducting substrate besides preserving protein functionality, is a fundamental step for designing a hybrid nanodevice and calls for a full characterization of the immobilized proteins, possibly at the single-molecule level. Here, we describe how a multitechnique approach, based on several scanning probe microscopy techniques, may provide a comprehensive characterization of different metalloproteins on metal electrodes, disclosing unique information not only about morphological properties of the adsorbed molecules but also about the effectiveness of electrical coupling with the conductive substrate, or even concerning the preserved biorecognition capability upon adsorption. We also show how the success of an immobilization strategy, which is of primary importance for optimal integration of metalloproteins with a metal electrode, can be promptly assessed by means of the proposed approach. Besides the characterization aspect, the complementary employment of the proposed techniques deserves major potentialities for ultrasensitive detection of adsorbed biomolecules. In particular, it is shown how sensing of single metalloproteins may be optimized by monitoring the most appropriate observable. Additionally, we suggest how the combination of several experimental techniques might offer increased versatility, real-time response, and wide applicability as a detection method, once a reproducible correlation among signals coming from different single-molecule techniques is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bonanni
- Biophysics and Nanoscience Centre, CNISM, and CNR-INFM Facoltà di Scienze, Università della Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy
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198
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Musteata FM, Pawliszyn J. In vivo sampling with solid phase microextraction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 70:181-93. [PMID: 17112593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbbm.2006.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2006] [Accepted: 07/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the most recent developments and future challenges in the application of solid phase microextraction (SPME) for sampling of live biological samples. The emphasis is placed on applications of fiber SPME for analysis of volatile emissions and drugs in biological fluids. The method development section highlights the main parameters that need to be considered in the case of in vivo experiments: extraction techniques, selection of extraction phases, calibration procedures, determination of free concentrations, and automation.
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199
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200
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Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Lopez de Alda MJ, Barceló D. Biosensors as useful tools for environmental analysis and monitoring. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386:1025-41. [PMID: 16807703 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2006] [Revised: 04/23/2006] [Accepted: 05/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the development and application of biosensors for environmental analysis and monitoring are reviewed in this article. Several examples of biosensors developed for relevant environmental pollutants and parameters are briefly overviewed. Special attention is paid to the application of biosensors to real environmental samples, taking into consideration aspects such as sample pretreatment, matrix effects and validation of biosensor measurements. Current trends in biosensor development are also considered and commented on in this work. In this context, nanotechnology, miniaturisation, multi-sensor array development and, especially, biotechnology arise as fast-growing areas that will have a marked influence on the development of new biosensing strategies in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rodriguez-Mozaz
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IIQAB-CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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