151
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Wu YC, Hsieh CL. Pharmacological effects of Radix Angelica Sinensis (Danggui) on cerebral infarction. Chin Med 2011; 6:32. [PMID: 21867503 PMCID: PMC3174116 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-6-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Radix Angelica Sinensis, the dried root of Angelica sinensis (Danggui), is a herb used in Chinese medicine to enrich blood, promote blood circulation and modulate the immune system. It is also used to treat chronic constipation of the elderly and debilitated as well as menstrual disorders. Research has demonstrated that Danggui and its active ingredients, as anti-arthrosclerotic, anti-hypertensive, antioxidant anti-inflammatory agents which would limit platelet aggregation, are effective in reducing the size of cerebral infarction and improving neurological deficit scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chian Wu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Liang Hsieh
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Acupuncture Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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152
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Zhang YJ, Huang X, Wang Y, Xie Y, Qiu XJ, Ren P, Gao LC, Zhou HH, Zhang HY, Qiao MQ. Ferulic acid-induced anti-depression and prokinetics similar to Chaihu-Shugan-San via polypharmacology. Brain Res Bull 2011; 86:222-8. [PMID: 21791239 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), one of popular antidepressants as "one-compound-one-target" paradigm, cannot but discontinue because of inhibiting gut movement. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Chaihu-Sugan-San (CSS) can simultaneously exert anti-depression and prokinetics. From this thread, we aimed to find a new antidepressant with polypharmacological mechanisms. In vivo antidepressive and prokinetic comparisons between CSS and its absorbed compound ferulic acid (FA) were made. And FA's action mechanisms involved in monoaminergic systems, HPA axis and gastrointestinal peptide ghrelin was then studied in forced swimming test (FST) of rat. Lastly, the jejunal contraction activity evoked by FA was measured in vitro. Compared with vehicle, FA reduced immobility time, increased locomotor activity, accelerated gastric emptying and intestinal transit similar to CSS whose absorbable component FA was identified in hippocampus and jejunum. FA's prokinetics in vivo was further supported by its jejunal contraction in vitro. FA-induced anti-immobility was prevented by pretreated with PCPA, WAY-100635, ketanserin, sulpiride, SCH233390, haloperidol and yohimbine, respectively. CRH, ACTH and 5-HT were significantly decreased, but ghrelin was apparently increased compared with vehicle. In summary, FA induced anti-depression and prokinetics similar to CSS via inhibiting serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine reuptakes, regulating HPA axis, increasing ghrelin and stimulating jejunal contraction simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-jin Zhang
- Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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153
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Su SY, Hsieh CL. Anti-inflammatory effects of Chinese medicinal herbs on cerebral ischemia. Chin Med 2011; 6:26. [PMID: 21740583 PMCID: PMC3152532 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-6-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstracts Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of anti-inflammation, including cellular immunity, inflammatory mediators, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and several transcriptional factors, in the treatment of cerebral ischemia. This article reviews the roles of Chinese medicinal herbs as well as their ingredients in the inflammatory cascade induced by cerebral ischemia. Chinese medicinal herbs exert neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemia. The effects include inhibiting the activation of microglia, decreasing levels of adhesion molecules such as intracellular adhesion molecule-1, attenuating expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, reducing inducible nitric oxide synthase and reactive oxygen species, and regulating transcription factors such as nuclear factor-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Yu Su
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
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154
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Iranshahy M, Iranshahi M. Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of asafoetida (Ferula assa-foetida oleo-gum-resin)-a review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 134:1-10. [PMID: 21130854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The old traditional phytomedicine asafoetida, an oleo-gum-resin obtained from the roots of different Ferula assa-foetida, is used in different countries for various purposes. Asafoetida is not only used as a culinary spice but also traditionally used to treat various diseases, including asthma, gastrointestinal disorders, intestinal parasites, etc. This oleo-gum-resin has been known to possess antifungal, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic and antiviral activities. A wide range of chemical compounds including sugars, sesquiterpene coumarins and polysulfides have been isolated from this plant. Recent studies have shown new promising antiviral sesquiterpene coumarins from this old phytomedicine. The present review summarizes the information concerning the traditional uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of asafoetida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Iranshahy
- Biotechnology Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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155
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Early proteins E6 and E7 of human papillomavirus may attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury. Med Hypotheses 2011; 76:607-9. [PMID: 21277688 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that human papillomaviruses (HPVs) involve in the pathogenesis of some specific carcinomas such as cervical cancer. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that early proteins E6 and E7 played the most important role in the cervical carcinogenesis. Early proteins E6 and E7 of HPV both are oncoproteins for they disable specific tumor suppressor proteins, p53 and pRb, and disturb apoptosis against carcinogenesis. Both p53 and pRb play an important role in regulating apoptosis and preventing cell immortalization, but they also mediate ischemia/reperfusion-associated apoptosis and give rise to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Several studies showed inhibition of apoptosis may provide promising approaches to ameliorating IRI in ischemia/reperfusion. Both small-molecule chemical inhibitor and siRNA against p53 block p53-dependent apoptosis and protect organ function from IRI. Similarly, inhibiting pRb can restrain ischemia/reperfusion-associated apoptosis. Based on these studies, we propose a novel hypothesis that early proteins E6 and E7 of HPV attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting apoptosis and inactivating p53 and pRb. It is possible that the two oncoproteins can be used to protect organ function from ischemia-reperfusion injury in special clinical conditions such as organ transplant, stroke, cardiopulmonary bypass, and myocardial infarction.
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156
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Ma ZC, Hong Q, Wang YG, Tan HL, Xiao CR, Liang QD, Wang DG, Gao Y. Ferulic acid protects lymphocytes from radiation-predisposed oxidative stress through extracellular regulated kinase. Int J Radiat Biol 2010; 87:130-40. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2011.523510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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157
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Neuroprotective phenolics in medicinal plants. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33:1611-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-010-1011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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158
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Cheng CY, Su SY, Tang NY, Ho TY, Lo WY, Hsieh CL. Ferulic acid inhibits nitric oxide-induced apoptosis by enhancing GABA(B1) receptor expression in transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2010; 31:889-99. [PMID: 20644551 PMCID: PMC4007809 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2010.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Ferulic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid, FA) provides neuroprotection against apoptosis in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) model. This study was to further investigate the anti-apoptotic effect of FA during reperfusion after cerebral ischemia. METHODS Rats were subjected to 90 min of cerebral ischemia followed by 3 or 24 h of reperfusion after which they were sacrificed. RESULTS Intravenous FA (100 mg/kg) administered immediately after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) or 2 h after reperfusion effectively abrogated the elevation of postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitrotyrosine, and cleaved caspase-3 levels as well as apoptosis in the ischemic cortex at 24 h of reperfusion. FA further inhibited Bax translocation, cytochrome c release, and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphorylation. Moreover, FA enhanced the expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1 (GABA(B1)) in the ischemic cortex at 3 and 24 h of reperfusion. In addition, nitrotyrosine-positive cells colocalized with cleaved caspase-3-positive cells, and phospho-p38 MAP kinase-positive cells colocalized with nitrotyrosine- and Bax-positive cells, indicating a positive relationship among the expression of nitrotyrosine, phospho-p38 MAP kinase, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3. The mutually exclusive expression of GABA(B1) and nitrotyrosine revealed that there is a negative correlation between GABA(B1) and nitrotyrosine expression profiles. Additionally, pretreatment with saclofen, a GABA(B) receptor antagonist, abolished the neuroprotection of FA against nitric oxide (NO)-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION FA significantly enhances GABA(B1) receptor expression at early reperfusion and thereby provides neuroprotection against p38 MAP kinase-mediated NO-induced apoptosis at 24 h of reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-yi Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University 40402, Taichung, Taiwan, China
- Acupuncture Research Center, China Medical University 40402, Taichung, Taiwan, China
| | - Shan-yu Su
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University 40402, Taichung, Taiwan, China
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital 40447, Taichung, Taiwan, China
| | - Nou-ying Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University 40402, Taichung, Taiwan, China
| | - Tin-yun Ho
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University 40402, Taichung, Taiwan, China
| | - Wan-yu Lo
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University 40402, Taichung, Taiwan, China
| | - Ching-liang Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University 40402, Taichung, Taiwan, China
- Acupuncture Research Center, China Medical University 40402, Taichung, Taiwan, China
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital 40447, Taichung, Taiwan, China
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159
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Chen XH, Lin ZZ, Liu AM, Ye JT, Luo Y, Luo YY, Mao XX, Liu PQ, Pi RB. The orally combined neuroprotective effects of sodium ferulate and borneol against transient global ischaemia in C57 BL/6J mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 62:915-23. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.62.07.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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160
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In vivo protective effect of ferulic acid against noise-induced hearing loss in the guinea-pig. Neuroscience 2010; 169:1575-88. [PMID: 20600667 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA) is a phenolic compound whose neuroprotective activity was extensively studied in vitro. In this study, we provided functional in vivo evidence that FA limits noise-induced hearing loss. Guinea-pigs exposed to acoustic trauma for 1 h exhibited a significant impairment in auditory function; this injury was evident as early as 1 day from noise exposure and persisted over 21 days. Ferulic acid (150 mg/kg i.p. for 4 days) counteracted noise-induced hearing loss at days 1, 3, 7 and 21 from noise exposure. The improvement of auditory function by FA was paralleled by a significant reduction in oxidative stress, apoptosis and increase in hair cell viability in the organ of Corti. Interestingly in the guinea-pig cochleae, the neuroprotective effect of FA was functionally related not only to its scavenging ability in the peri-traumatic period but also to the up-regulation of the cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1); in fact, FA-induced improvement of auditory function was counteracted by the HO inhibitor zinc-protoporphyrin-IX and paralleled the time-course of HO-1 induction over 3-7 days. These results confirm the antioxidant properties of FA as free-radical scavenger and suggest a role of HO-1 as an additional mediator against noise-induced ototoxicity.
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161
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Wang Y, Huang LQ, Tang XC, Zhang HY. Retrospect and prospect of active principles from Chinese herbs in the treatment of dementia. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2010; 31:649-64. [PMID: 20523337 PMCID: PMC4002969 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2010.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With an ageing population, dementia has become one of the world's primary health challenges. However, existing remedies offer limited benefits with certain side effects, which has prompted researchers to seek complementary and alternative therapies. China has long been known for abundant usage of various herbs. Some of these herbal decoctions are effective in stimulating blood circulation, supplementing vital energy and resisting aging, the lack of which are believed to underlie dementia. These herbs are regarded as new and promising sources of potential anti-dementia drugs. With the rapid evolution of life science and technology, numerous active components have been identified that are highly potent and multi-targeted with low toxicity, and therefore meet the requirements for dementia therapy. This review updates the research progress of Chinese herbs in the treatment of dementia, focusing on their effective principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lu-qi Huang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xi-can Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hai-yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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162
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Hydrogen Sulfide Protects Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in an In Vitro Model of Cutaneous Tissue Transplantation. J Surg Res 2010; 159:451-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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163
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Gandhi C, Upaganalawar A, Balaraman R. Protection against in vivo focal myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced arrhythmias and apoptosis by hesperidin. Free Radic Res 2009; 43:817-27. [PMID: 19579067 DOI: 10.1080/10715760903071656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Among the heart diseases, ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) induced arrhythmias contribute to episodes of sudden death. Cardiac arrhythmias during ischemia reperfusion are believed to be related to oxidative stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether treatment with hesperidin alleviates arrhythmias and infarct size in experimentally-induced myocardial I/R injury using an in vivo rat model. In this study haemodynamics parameters, markers of inflammation, biomarkers of oxidative stress and tissue nitrite level and infarct size of the heart were estimated in various groups. I/R showed a significant decrease in tissue nitrite and antioxidant level and significant increase in arrhythmias, inflammation and myocardial cell apoptosis. Treatment with hesperidin showed a significant increase in tissue nitrite, antioxidant level and reduction in inflammation, arrhythmias and apoptosis. In conclusion, the protecting effect of hesperidin in I/R induced arrhythmias is due to reduction in inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan Gandhi
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, M. S. University of Baroda, Kalabhavan, Gujarat, India.
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164
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Waismam K, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM, Carrijo-Carvalho LC, Fernandes Pacheco MT, Farsky SH. Lopap: A non-inflammatory and cytoprotective molecule in neutrophils and endothelial cells. Toxicon 2009; 53:652-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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