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Pethick J, Winter SL, Burnley M. Physiological complexity: influence of ageing, disease and neuromuscular fatigue on muscle force and torque fluctuations. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:2046-2059. [PMID: 34472160 DOI: 10.1113/ep089711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? Physiological complexity in muscle force and torque fluctuations, specifically the quantification of complexity, how neuromuscular complexityis altered by perturbations and the potential mechanism underlying changes in neuromuscular complexity. What advances does it highlight? The necessity to calculate both magnitude- and complexity-based measures for the thorough evaluation of force/torque fluctuations. Also the need for further research on neuromuscular complexity, particularly how it relates to the performance of functional activities (e.g. manual dexterity, balance, locomotion). ABSTRACT Physiological time series produce inherently complex fluctuations. In the last 30 years, methods have been developed to characterise these fluctuations, and have revealed that they contain information about the function of the system producing them. Two broad classes of metrics are used: (1) those which quantify the regularity of the signal (e.g. entropy metrics); and (2) those which quantify the fractal properties of the signal (e.g. detrended fluctuation analysis). Using these techniques, it has been demonstrated that ageing results in a loss of complexity in the time series of a multitude of signals, including heart rate, respiration, gait and, crucially, muscle force or torque output. This suggests that as the body ages, physiological systems become less adaptable (i.e. the systems' ability to respond rapidly to a changing external environment is diminished). More recently, it has been shown that neuromuscular fatigue causes a substantial loss of muscle torque complexity, a process that can be observed in a few minutes, rather than the decades it requires for the same system to degrade with ageing. The loss of torque complexity with neuromuscular fatigue appears to occur exclusively above the critical torque (at least for tasks lasting up to 30 min). The loss of torque complexity can be exacerbated with previous exercise of the same limb, and reduced by the administration of caffeine, suggesting both peripheral and central mechanisms contribute to this loss. The mechanisms underpinning the loss of complexity are not known but may be related to altered motor unit behaviour as the muscle fatigues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Pethick
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Samantha L Winter
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Mark Burnley
- Endurance Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Chatham Maritime, UK
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152
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Den Hartigh RJR, Otten S, Gruszczynska ZM, Hill Y. The Relation Between Complexity and Resilient Motor Performance and the Effects of Differential Learning. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:715375. [PMID: 34456701 PMCID: PMC8397476 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.715375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex systems typically demonstrate a mixture of regularity and flexibility in their behavior, which would make them adaptive. At the same time, adapting to perturbations is a core characteristic of resilience. The first aim of the current research was therefore to test the possible relation between complexity and resilient motor performance (i.e., performance while being perturbed). The second aim was to test whether complexity and resilient performance improve through differential learning. To address our aims, we designed two parallel experiments involving a motor task, in which participants moved a stick with their non-dominant hand along a slider. Participants could score points by moving a cursor as fast and accurately as possible between two boxes, positioned on the right- and left side of the screen in front of them. In a first session, we determined the complexity by analyzing the temporal structure of variation in the box-to-box movement intervals with a Detrended Fluctuation Analysis. Then, we introduced perturbations to the task: We altered the tracking speed of the cursor relative to the stick-movements briefly (i.e., 4 s) at intervals of 1 min (Experiment 1), or we induced a prolonged change of the tracking speed each minute (Experiment 2). Subsequently, participants had three sessions of either classical learning or differential learning. Participants in the classical learning condition were trained to perform the ideal movement pattern, whereas those in the differential learning condition had to perform additional and irrelevant movements. Finally, we conducted a posttest that was the same as the first session. In both experiments, results showed moderate positive correlations between complexity and points scored (i.e., box touches) in the perturbation-period of the first session. Across the two experiments, only differential learning led to a higher complexity index (i.e., more prominent patterns of pink noise) from baseline to post-test. Unexpectedly, the classical learning group improved more in their resilient performance than the differential learning group. Together, this research provides empirical support for the relation between complexity and resilience, and between complexity and differential learning in human motor performance, which should be examined further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud J R Den Hartigh
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sem Otten
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Zuzanna M Gruszczynska
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen/University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yannick Hill
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen/University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Institute of Sport and Sport Science, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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153
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Variability in the Application of Eccentric Force Using Different Rotary Inertia Devices May Influence the Treatment of Tendinopathy. J Sport Rehabil 2021; 31:235-238. [PMID: 34426554 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2021-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
High intraset variability has been considered as a potential aid in the treatment of tendinopathy by producing forces in variable and unpredictable contexts that allow the athlete to return to sport pain free. The aim of this study was to compare the intraset variability in force profiles between different rotational inertia devices (RIDs) during concentric and eccentric (ECC) phases of movement and between different moments of inertia. Thirty-nine men performed a half-squat incremental test on 2 different RIDs: a horizontal cylinder and a vertical cone-shaped axis. Intraset variabilities in vertical force and velocity were analyzed using average coefficients of variation. RID squat exercise produced force intraset variability. The ECC phase of the movement showed more intraset variability in force output than the concentric phase. ECC vertical cone-shaped shaft showed a higher intraset variability in force than ECC horizontal cylinder-shaped shaft. This study demonstrated that using an RID to provide resistance in squat training of athletes produced a high intraset variability in the application of force.
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154
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Bolt R, Heuvelmans P, Benjaminse A, Robinson MA, Gokeler A. An ecological dynamics approach to ACL injury risk research: a current opinion. Sports Biomech 2021:1-14. [PMID: 34375159 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1960419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Research of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) inj1ury risk aims to identify modifiable risk factors that are linked to the mechanisms of injury. Information from these studies is then used in the development of injury prevention programmes. However, ACL injury risk research often leans towards methods with three limitations: 1) a poor preservation of the athlete-environment relationship that limits the generalisability of results, 2) the use of a strictly biomechanical approach to injury causation that is incomplete for the description of injury mechanisms, 3) and a reductionist analysis that neglects profound information regarding human movement. This current opinion proposes three principles from an ecological dynamics perspective that address these limitations. First, it is argued that, to improve the generalisability of findings, research requires a well-preserved athlete-environment relationship. Second, the merit of including behaviour and the playing situation in the model of injury causation is presented. Third, this paper advocates that research benefits from conducting non-reductionist analysis (i.e., more holistic) that provides profound information regarding human movement. Together, these principles facilitate an ecological dynamics approach to injury risk research that helps to expand our understanding of injury mechanisms and thus contributes to the development of preventative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Bolt
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Heuvelmans
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Benjaminse
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- School of Sport Studies, Hanze University Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A Robinson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alli Gokeler
- Exercise Science and Neuroscience Unit, Department Exercise & Health, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Sports Medicine, OCON Centre of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Hengelo, The Netherlands
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155
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Rong P. A Novel Hierarchical Framework for Measuring the Complexity and Irregularity of Multimodal Speech Signals and Its Application in the Assessment of Speech Impairment in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2021; 64:2996-3014. [PMID: 34293265 DOI: 10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The purposes of this study are to develop a novel multimodal framework for measuring variability at the muscular, kinematic, and acoustic levels of the motor speech hierarchy and evaluate the utility of this framework in detecting speech impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Method The myoelectric activities of three bilateral jaw muscle pairs (masseter, anterior temporalis, and anterior belly of digastric), jaw kinematics, and speech acoustics were recorded in 13 individuals with ALS and 10 neurologically healthy controls during sentence reading. Thirteen novel measures (six muscular, three kinematic, four acoustic), which characterized two different but interrelated aspects of variability-complexity and irregularity-were derived using linear and nonlinear methods. Exploratory factor analysis was applied to identify the latent factors underlying these measures. Based on the latent factors, three supervised classifiers-support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and logistic regression (Logit)-were used to differentiate between the speech samples for patients and controls. Results Four interpretable latent factors were identified, representing the complexity of jaw kinematics, the irregularity of jaw antagonists functioning, the irregularity of jaw agonists functioning, and the irregularity of subband acoustic signals, respectively. Based on these latent factors, the speech samples for patients and controls were classified with high accuracy (> 96% for SVM and RF; 88.64% for Logit), outperforming the unimodal measures. Two factors showed significant between-groups differences, as characterized by decreased complexity of jaw kinematics and increased irregularity of jaw antagonists functioning in patients versus controls. Conclusions Decreased complexity of jaw kinematics presumably reflects impaired fine control of jaw movement, while increased irregularity of jaw antagonists functioning could be attributed to reduced synchronization of motor unit firing in ALS. The findings provide preliminary evidence for the utility of the multimodal framework as a novel quantitative assessment tool for detecting speech impairment in ALS and (potentially) in other neuromotor disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panying Rong
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing: Sciences & Disorders, University of Kansas, Lawrence
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156
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Hognon L, Heraud N, Varray A, Torre K. Adaptive Capacities and Complexity of Heart Rate Variability in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Throughout Pulmonary Rehabilitation. Front Physiol 2021; 12:669722. [PMID: 34393810 PMCID: PMC8355487 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.669722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The complexity of bio-signals, like R-R intervals, is considered a reflection of the organism's capacity to adapt. However, this association still remains to be consolidated. We investigated whether the complexity of R-R intervals at rest and during perturbation [6-minute walking test (6MWT)], yielded information regarding adaptive capacities in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients during pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). Methods In total, 23 COPD patients (64 ± 8 years, with forced expiratory volume in 1 s of 55 ± 19% predicted) were tested three times at the start (T1), middle (T2), and end (T3) of 4 weeks PR. Each time, R-R intervals were measured at rest and during 6MWT. The complexity of R-R intervals was assessed by evenly spaced Detrended Fluctuations Analysis and evaluated by the fractal exponent α and deviation from maximal complexity |1-α|. Results The 6MWT distance was significantly increased at T2 and T3 compared to T1. Neither α nor |1-α| at rest and during perturbation significantly changed throughout PR, nor were they consistently associated with 6MWT distances at each time. Throughout the PR program, complexity during the 6MWT was significantly lower compared to the rest. The level of α during 6MWT at T1 was positively correlated with the improvement of the 6MWT distance throughout the PR program. Discussion Reduced complexity in COPD patients during acute perturbation at the beginning of PR supports a decreased improvement of the 6MWT distance throughout PR. This result seems consistent with the notion that the complexity reflects the patients' adaptive capacities and could therefore become a clinical indicator in an applied perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Hognon
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, University of Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
| | - Nelly Heraud
- Direction de la Recherche et de l'Innovation en Santé - Korian, GCS CIPS, Lodève, France
| | - Alain Varray
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, University of Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
| | - Kjerstin Torre
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, University of Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
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157
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The Application of Statistical Parametric Mapping to Evaluate Differences in Topspin Backhand between Chinese and Polish Female Table Tennis Players. Appl Bionics Biomech 2021; 2021:5555874. [PMID: 34367326 PMCID: PMC8339346 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5555874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The research is aimed at comparing the kinematics (the movement pattern in the most important joints and accelerations of the playing hand) between female table tennis players coached in Poland (POL) and China (CHIN) during the performance of a topspin backhand stroke (so-called quick topspin). The study involved six female table tennis players at a high sports skill level, playing in Poland's highest league. Three were national team members of Poland (age: 20.3 ± 1.9), while the other three were players from China (age: 20.0 ± 0.0). Kinematics was measured using MR3 myoMuscle Master Edition system—inertial measurement unit (IMU) system. The participants performed one task of topspin backhand as a response to a topspin ball, repeated 15 times. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was calculated using SPM1D in a Python package that offered a high-level interface to SPM1D. The SPM method allowed for the determination of differences between the Chinese and Polish female athletes. The differences found are probably mainly due to differences in the training methodologies caused by different coaching systems. The observed differences include, among others, greater use of the so-called small steps in order to adapt and be ready during the back to ready position and backswing phases, which gives the CHIN players slightly better conditions for preparation for the next plays. The CHIN players' position compared to that of the POL players favours a quicker transition from the backhand to the forehand play. This difference is probably related to the difference in the dominant playing styles of the groups studied. Despite the differences in movement patterns in both groups, the exact value of playing hand was achieved. This may be a manifestation of the phenomenon of equifinality and compensation. All the differences found are probably mainly due to differences in the training methodologies caused by different coaching systems.
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158
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Muniz-Pardos B, Angeloudis K, Guppy FM, Keramitsoglou I, Sutehall S, Bosch A, Tanisawa K, Hosokawa Y, Ash GI, Schobersberger W, Grundstein AJ, Casa DJ, Morrissey MC, Yamasawa F, Zelenkova I, Racinais S, Pitsiladis Y. Wearable and telemedicine innovations for Olympic events and elite sport. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 61:1061-1072. [PMID: 34256539 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12752-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Rapid advances in wearable technologies and real-time monitoring have resulted in major inroads in the world of recreational and elite sport. One such innovation is the application of real-time monitoring, which comprises a smartwatch application and ecosystem, designed to collect, process and transmit a wide range of physiological, biomechanical, bioenergetic and environmental data using cloud-based services. We plan to assess the impact of this wireless technology during Tokyo 2020, where this technology could help characterize the physiological and thermal strain experienced by an athlete, as well as determine future management of athletes during a medical emergency as a result of a more timely and accurate diagnosis. Here we describe some of the innovative technologies developed for numerous sports at Tokyo 2020 ranging from race walking (20 km and 50 km events), marathon, triathlon, road cycling (including the time trial event), mountain biking, to potentially team sports played outdoors. A more symbiotic relationship between sport, health and technology needs to be encouraged that harnesses the unique demands of elite sport (e.g., the need for unobtrusive devices that provide real-time feedback) and serves as medical and preventive support for the athlete's care. The implementation of such applications would be particularly welcome in the field of medicine (i.e., telemedicine applications) and the workplace (with particular relevance to emergency services, the military and generally workers under extreme environmental conditions). Laboratory and field-based studies are required in simulated scenarios to validate such emerging technologies, with the field of sport serving as an excellent model to understand and impact disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Muniz-Pardos
- GENUD Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Fergus M Guppy
- Center for Stress and Age-Related Disease, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Shaun Sutehall
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andrew Bosch
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kumpei Tanisawa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Yuri Hosokawa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Garrett I Ash
- Center for Medical Informatics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Pain Research, Informatics, Multi-morbidities, and Education (PRIME) Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wolfgang Schobersberger
- Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism (ISAG), Tirol Kliniken Innsbruck and Private University UMIT TIROL, Hall, Austria
| | | | - Douglas J Casa
- Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Irina Zelenkova
- GENUD Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sébastien Racinais
- Department and Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yannis Pitsiladis
- Center for Stress and Age-Related Disease, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK - .,International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Center for Exercise Sciences and Sports Medicine, FIMS Collaborating Center of Sports Medicine, Rome, Italy.,European Federation of Sports Medicine Associations (EFSMA), Lausanne, Switzerland
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159
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Kinematic descriptions of upper limb function using simulated tasks in activities of daily living after stroke. Hum Mov Sci 2021; 79:102834. [PMID: 34252758 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2021.102834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of upper limb function poststroke is critical for clinical management and determining the efficacy of interventions. We designed a unilateral upper limb task to simulate activities of daily living to examine how chronic stroke survivors manage reaching, grasping and handling skills simultaneously to perform the functional task using kinematic analysis. The aim of the study was to compare the motor strategies for performing a functional task between paretic and nonparetic arms. Sixteen chronic stroke survivors were instructed to control an ergonomic spoon to transfer liquid from a large bowl to a small bowl using paretic or nonparetic arm. Kinematic data were recorded using a Vicon motion capture system. Outcome measures included movement duration, relative timing, path length, joint excursions, and trial-to-trial variability. Results showed that movement duration, spoon path length, and trunk path length increased significantly when participants used paretic arm to perform the task. Participants tended to reduce shoulder and elbow excursions, and increase trunk excursions to perform the task with paretic arm and altered the relative timing of the task. Although participants used different motor strategies to perform the task with their paretic arms, we did not find the significant differences in trial-to trial variability of joint excursions between paretic and nonparetic arms. The results revealed differences in temporal and spatial aspects of motor strategies between paretic and nonparetic arms. Clinicians should explore the underlying causes of pathological movement patterns and facilitate preferred movement patterns of paretic arm.
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160
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Mingels S, Dankaerts W, van Etten L, Bruckers L, Granitzer M. Spinal postural variability relates to biopsychosocial variables in patients with cervicogenic headache. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13783. [PMID: 34215798 PMCID: PMC8253805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with cervicogenic headache (CeH) showed lower spinal postural variability (SPV). In a next step, the complex character of such SPV needs to be analysed. Therefore, variables influencing SPV need to be explored. A non-randomized repeated-measure design was applied to analyse relations between biopsychosocial variables and SPV within a CeH-group (n = 18), 29–51 years, and matched control-group (n = 18), 26–52 years. Spinal postural variability, expressed by standard deviations, was deducted from 3D-Vicon motion analysis of habitual spinal postures (degrees). Interactions between SPV and pain processing, lifestyle, psychosocial characteristics were analysed. Pain processing characteristics included symptoms of central sensitization (Central Sensitization Inventory), (extra)-cephalic pressure pain thresholds (kPa/cm2/s). Lifestyle characteristics included sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), physical activity, screen-time, sedentary-time (hours a week), position (cm) and inclination (degrees) of the laptop (= desk-setup). Psychosocial characteristics included degree of depression, anxiety and stress (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21), impact of headache on quality of life (Headache Impact Test-6). Spinal postural variability related significantly to intrinsic (stress, anxiety, extra-cephalic pressure pain thresholds, sleep-duration) and extrinsic (desk-setup, screen-time) variables in the CeH-group. In the control-group, SPV related significantly to extra-cephalic pressure pain thresholds. Spinal postural variability related to diverse variables in the CeH-group compared to the control-group. More research is needed into a possible causal relationship and its clinical implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mingels
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Centre, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium. .,Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven University, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wim Dankaerts
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven University, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludo van Etten
- Department of Biometrics, Zuyd Hogeschool, 6419, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Bruckers
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Marita Granitzer
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Centre, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
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161
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Magnani RM, Bruijn SM, van Dieën JH, Forbes PA. Stabilization demands of walking modulate the vestibular contributions to gait. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13736. [PMID: 34215780 PMCID: PMC8253745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable walking relies critically on motor responses to signals of head motion provided by the vestibular system, which are phase-dependent and modulated differently within each muscle. It is unclear, however, whether these vestibular contributions also vary according to the stability of the walking task. Here we investigate how vestibular signals influence muscles relevant for gait stability (medial gastrocnemius, gluteus medius and erector spinae)-as well as their net effect on ground reaction forces-while humans walked normally, with mediolateral stabilization, wide and narrow steps. We estimated local dynamic stability of trunk kinematics together with coherence of electrical vestibular stimulation (EVS) with muscle activity and mediolateral ground reaction forces. Walking with external stabilization increased local dynamic stability and decreased coherence between EVS and all muscles/forces compared to normal walking. Wide-base walking also decreased vestibulomotor coherence, though local dynamic stability did not differ. Conversely, narrow-base walking increased local dynamic stability, but produced muscle-specific increases and decreases in coherence that resulted in a net increase in vestibulomotor coherence with ground reaction forces. Overall, our results show that while vestibular contributions may vary with gait stability, they more critically depend on the stabilization demands (i.e. control effort) needed to maintain a stable walking pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina M Magnani
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, State University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Sjoerd M Bruijn
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap H van Dieën
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick A Forbes
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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162
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Examining feedback mechanisms of postural control in Chiari Malformation by average wavelet coefficient decomposition and the Hurst exponent. Gait Posture 2021; 88:280-285. [PMID: 34153805 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chiari Malformation (CM) is a congenital disorder occurring when the cerebellar tonsils descend into the foramen magnum, inhibiting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow, causing headaches, dizziness, difficulty swallowing, muscle weakness, and loss of neuromuscular coordination. While there is no cure, surgical decompression of the hindbrain is used to alleviate symptoms. Loss of postural control is a main symptom reported by these patients; however, no study has examined postural stability in this cohort of patients. RESEARCH QUESTION Do patients with CM exhibit impaired postural stability compared to healthy controls?. METHODS Twelve female participants diagnosed with CM performed a postural stability test where six participants had undergone decompression (CM-D) surgery while six had not (CM-ND). Participants stood in Romberg fashion on an AMTI force plate according to an IRB-approved protocol. Postural stability measures were quantified by computing Hurst exponents. These values were determined from the Average Wavelet Coefficient method using a level 12 Symlet-2 wavelet to analyze anterior-posterior (AP) center-ofpressure (COP) trajectories in MATLAB. Identical procedures and analyses were performed on healthy control participants with no known neuromuscular disorders. RESULTS CM participants displayed significantly impaired postural stability compared to healthy controls (p = 0.0002). CM-D participants displayed significantly impaired postural stability compared to CM-ND (p = 0.002). CM-D and CM-ND both displayed significantly impaired postural stability compared to controls (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.003, respectively). SIGNIFICANCE Loss of postural stability is considered a main symptom of CM, however no study has previously quantified human postural control in this cohort of patients. Quantifying this relationship can provide further insight to neurologists studying the disorder and to therapists planning rehabilitation and pain relief methods.
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Lin Y, Mukherjee M, Stergiou N, Chien JH. Using mastoid vibration can detect the uni/bilateral vestibular deterioration by aging during standing. J Vestib Res 2021; 32:145-154. [PMID: 34180442 DOI: 10.3233/ves-210042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mastoid vibration (MV) has been used to investigate unilateral vestibular dysfunction by inducing nystagmus. Additionally, this MV can be used to quantify the effect of deterioration by aging on the vestibular system during walking. Could such MV be used to assess the uni/bilateral vestibular deterioration by aging during standing? OBJECTIVE This study attempted to determine the feasibility of using MV for identifying the uni/bilateral vestibular deterioration by aging during standing. METHODS Fifteen young and ten old adults' balance control patterns were assessed by three random MV conditions: 1) No MV; 2) Unilateral MV; 3) Bilateral MV. The dependent variables were the 95% confidence ellipse areas and the sample entropy values, which were calculated based on the center of gravity displacement within each condition. RESULTS Significant main effects of MV and aging were found on all outcome variables. A significant interaction between aging and different MV types was observed in the 95% confidence ellipse area (p = 0.002) and the length of the short axis (anterior-posterior direction, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We concluded that the MV could be used to identify different vestibular dysfunctions, specifically in old adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Lin
- Division of Physical Therapy Education, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, USA
| | - Mukul Mukherjee
- Department of Biomechanics, College of Education, University of Nebraska Omaha, USA
| | - Nicholas Stergiou
- Department of Biomechanics, College of Education, University of Nebraska Omaha, USA
| | - Jung Hung Chien
- Division of Physical Therapy Education, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, USA
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164
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Frykberg GE, Grip H, Alt Murphy M. How many trials are needed in kinematic analysis of reach-to-grasp?-A study of the drinking task in persons with stroke and non-disabled controls. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2021; 18:101. [PMID: 34130716 PMCID: PMC8207615 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-021-00895-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kinematic analysis of the 3D reach-to-grasp drinking task is recommended in stroke rehabilitation research. The number of trials required to reach performance stability, as an important aspect of reliability, has not been investigated for this task. Thus, the aims of this study were to determine the number of trials needed for the drinking task to reach within-session performance stability and to investigate trends in performance over a set of trials in non-disabled people and in a sample of individuals with chronic stroke. In addition, the between-sessions test–retest reliability in persons with stroke was established. Methods The drinking task was performed at least 10 times, following a standardized protocol, in 44 non-disabled and 8 post-stroke individuals. A marker-based motion capture system registered arm and trunk movements during 5 pre-defined phases of the drinking task. Intra class correlation statistics were used to determine the number of trials needed to reach performance stability as well as to establish test–retest reliability. Systematic within-session trends over multiple trials were analyzed with a paired t-test. Results For most of the kinematic variables 2 to 3 trials were needed to reach good performance stability in both investigated groups. More trials were needed for movement times in reaching and returning phase, movement smoothness, time to peak velocity and inter-joint-coordination. A small but significant trend of improvement in movement time over multiple trials was demonstrated in the non-disabled group, but not in the stroke group. A mean of 3 trials was sufficient to reach good to excellent test–retest reliability for most of the kinematic variables in the stroke sample. Conclusions This is the first study that determines the number of trials needed for good performance stability (non-disabled and stroke) and test–retest reliability (stroke) for temporal, endpoint and angular metrics of the drinking task. For most kinematic variables, 3–5 trials are sufficient to reach good reliability. This knowledge can be used to guide future kinematic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunilla Elmgren Frykberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation Medicine, Uppsala University, Box 256, 751 05, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Helena Grip
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Margit Alt Murphy
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Clinical Neuroscience, Rehabilitation Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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165
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Nishi Y, Shigetoh H, Fujii R, Osumi M, Morioka S. Changes in Trunk Variability and Stability of Gait in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: Impact of Laboratory versus Daily-Living Environments. J Pain Res 2021; 14:1675-1686. [PMID: 34140804 PMCID: PMC8203190 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s310775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with chronic low back pain (CLBP) experience changes in gait control due to pain and/or fear. Although CLBP patients' gait has been performed in laboratory environments, changes in gait control as an adaptation to unstructured daily living environments may be more pronounced than the corresponding changes in laboratory environments. We investigated the impacts of the environment and pathology on the trunk variability and stability of gait in CLBP patients. METHODS CLBP patients (n=20) and healthy controls with no low-back pain history (n=20) were tasked with walking in a laboratory or daily-living environment while wearing an accelerometer on the low back. We calculated the stride-to-stride standard deviation and multiscale sample entropy as indices of "gait variability" and the maximum Lyapunov exponent as an index of "gait stability" in both the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions. The participants were assessed on the numerical rating scale for pain intensity, the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire for quality of life (QOL). RESULTS In a repeated-measures ANOVA, the standard deviation was affected by environment in the anterior-posterior direction and by group and environment in the medial-lateral direction. Multiscale sample entropy showed no effect in the anterior-posterior direction and showed both effects in the medial-lateral direction. Maximum Lyapunov exponents showed both effects in the anterior-posterior direction, but none in the medial-lateral direction. These changes of trunk motor control by CLBP patients were found to be related to pain intensity, fear of movement, and/or QOL in the daily-living environment but not in the laboratory environment. CONCLUSION These results revealed that CLBP patients exhibit changes in trunk variability and stability of gait depending on the environment, and they demonstrated that these changes are related to pain, fear, and QOL. We propose useful accelerometer-based assessments of qualitative gait in CLBP patients' daily lives, as it would provide information not available in a general practice setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nishi
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, Nara, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nishiyamato Rehabilitation Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Hayato Shigetoh
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, Nara, Japan
| | - Ren Fujii
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, Nara, Japan
| | - Michihiro Osumi
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, Nara, Japan
- Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, Nara, Japan
| | - Shu Morioka
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, Nara, Japan
- Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, Nara, Japan
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166
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Komar J, Ong CYY, Choo CZY, Chow JY. Perceptual-motor skill transfer: Multidimensionality and specificity of both general and specific transfers. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2021; 217:103321. [PMID: 33957573 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to investigate perceptual-motor skill transfer, both through the specific as well as the general aspect of skill transfer. Specifically, we examined differences in skill transfer that occurred between participants who are skilled in practicing a perceptual motor activity involving striking with an implement and participants who are skilled in their own sports but are novice to striking task (i.e., batting an immobile ball). Skill transfer was assessed through the effect of practicing a new, novel task on the performance (ball velocity), intrinsic behavior (elbow and shoulder kinematic) as well as on the impetus for exploratory behavior (variability of elbow and shoulder kinematics) in the two groups of participants (n = 8 for each group), with reference to another group of expert participants (n = 8) for this batting task. Results showed that positive skill transfer was present and was multidimensional in the group of participants who have experience in using an implement in striking tasks. In addition, both specific transfer as well as general transfer were dependent on the task dynamics. More precisely, positive transfer was observed both through a sharing of similar movement patterns, an impetus for exploration and a direct transfer of performance in a novel task between groups who have experience in using an implement in striking tasks.
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167
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Ghiglino D, Willemse C, De Tommaso D, Wykowska A. Mind the Eyes: Artificial Agents' Eye Movements Modulate Attentional Engagement and Anthropomorphic Attribution. Front Robot AI 2021; 8:642796. [PMID: 34124174 PMCID: PMC8192967 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2021.642796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial agents are on their way to interact with us daily. Thus, the design of embodied artificial agents that can easily cooperate with humans is crucial for their deployment in social scenarios. Endowing artificial agents with human-like behavior may boost individuals' engagement during the interaction. We tested this hypothesis in two screen-based experiments. In the first one, we compared attentional engagement displayed by participants while they observed the same set of behaviors displayed by an avatar of a humanoid robot and a human. In the second experiment, we assessed the individuals' tendency to attribute anthropomorphic traits towards the same agents displaying the same behaviors. The results of both experiments suggest that individuals need less effort to process and interpret an artificial agent's behavior when it closely resembles one of a human being. Our results support the idea that including subtle hints of human-likeness in artificial agents' behaviors would ease the communication between them and the human counterpart during interactive scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ghiglino
- Social Cognition in Human-Robot Interaction, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- DIBRIS, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Cesco Willemse
- Social Cognition in Human-Robot Interaction, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Davide De Tommaso
- Social Cognition in Human-Robot Interaction, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Agnieszka Wykowska
- Social Cognition in Human-Robot Interaction, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
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Mesquita EDM, Rodrigues FB, Rodrigues AP, Lemes TS, Andrade AO, Vieira MF. Discrimination capability of linear and nonlinear gait features in group classification. Med Eng Phys 2021; 93:59-71. [PMID: 34154776 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The variability of human movement can be defined as normal variations occurring in motor activity and quantified using linear statistics or nonlinear methods. In the human movement field, linear and nonlinear measures of variability have been used to discriminate groups and conditions in different contexts. Indeed, some authors support the idea that these gait features provide complementary information about movement. However, it is unclear which type of gait variability measure best discriminates different groups or conditions, as a comparison of the discrimination capacity between linear and nonlinear gait variability features in different groups has not been assessed. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to test the discrimination capacity of linear and nonlinear gait features to determine which type of feature would be the most efficient for discriminating older and younger adults and between lower limb amputees and nonamputees using classification algorithms. Data from previously published studies were used. The classification task was performed using the k-nearest neighbors and random forest algorithms. Our results showed that using a combination of linear and nonlinear features resulted in the highest mean accuracy rates (>90%) in group classification, reinforcing the idea that these features are complementary and express different aspects of movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo de Mendonça Mesquita
- Bioengineering and Biomechanics Laboratory, Federal University of Goiás, Avenida Esperança s/n, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Barbosa Rodrigues
- Bioengineering and Biomechanics Laboratory, Federal University of Goiás, Avenida Esperança s/n, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; State University of Goiás - UnU Trindade, Trindade, Brazil
| | - Adriano Péricles Rodrigues
- Bioengineering and Biomechanics Laboratory, Federal University of Goiás, Avenida Esperança s/n, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Thiago Santana Lemes
- Bioengineering and Biomechanics Laboratory, Federal University of Goiás, Avenida Esperança s/n, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Adriano O Andrade
- Center for Innovation and Technology Assessment in Health, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Marcus Fraga Vieira
- Bioengineering and Biomechanics Laboratory, Federal University of Goiás, Avenida Esperança s/n, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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169
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Saito H, Watanabe Y, Kutsuna T, Futohashi T, Kusumoto Y, Chiba H, Kubo M, Takasaki H. Spinal movement variability associated with low back pain: A scoping review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252141. [PMID: 34029347 PMCID: PMC8143405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify suggestions for future research on spinal movement variability (SMV) in individuals with low back pain (LBP) by investigating (1) the methodologies and statistical tools used to assess SMV; (2) characteristics that influence the direction of change in SMV; (3) the methodological quality and potential biases in the published studies; and (4) strategies for optimizing SMV in LBP patients. Methods We searched literature databases (CENTRAL, Medline, PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL) and comprehensively reviewed the relevant papers up to 5 May 2020. Eligibility criteria included studies investigating SMV in LBP subjects by measuring trunk angle using motion capture devices during voluntary repeated trunk movements in any plane. The Newcastle-Ottawa risk of bias tool was used for data quality assessment. Results were reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. Results Eighteen studies were included: 14 cross-sectional and 4 prospective studies. Seven linear and non-linear statistical tools were used. Common movement tasks included trunk forward bending and backward return, and object lifting. Study results on SMV changes associated with LBP were inconsistent. Two of the three interventional studies reported changes in SMV, one of which was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving neuromuscular exercise interventions. Many studies did not account for the potential risk of selection bias in the LBP population. Conclusion Designers of future studies should recognize that each of the two types of statistical tools assesses functionally different aspects of SMV. Future studies should also consider dividing participants into subgroups according to LBP characteristics, as three potential subgroups with different SMV characteristics were proposed in our study. Different task demands also produced different effects. We found preliminary evidence in a RCT that neuromuscular exercises could modify SMV, suggesting a rationale for well-designed RCTs involving neuromuscular exercise interventions in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Saito
- Department of Physical Therapy, Tokyo University of Technology, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yoshiteru Watanabe
- Department of Physical Therapy, Tokyo University of Technology, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Kutsuna
- Department of Physical Therapy, Tokyo University of Technology, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Futohashi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Tokyo University of Technology, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kusumoto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Tokyo University of Technology, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Chiba
- Department of Physical Therapy, Secomedic Hospital, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
- Postgraduate School, Saitama Prefectural University, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kubo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takasaki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Saitama Prefectural University, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan
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170
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Gruber AH, McDonnell J, Davis JJ, Vollmar JE, Harezlak J, Paquette MR. Monitoring Gait Complexity as an Indicator for Running-Related Injury Risk in Collegiate Cross-Country Runners: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:630975. [PMID: 34095824 PMCID: PMC8177207 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.630975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamical systems theory suggests that studying the complexity of biological signals could lead to a single gait metric that reliably predicts risk of running-related injury (RRI). The purposes of this pilot study were to examine center of mass (COM) acceleration complexity at baseline, prior to RRI, and the change between timepoints between collegiate runners who developed RRI during a competitive season and those who remained uninjured, and to determine if complexity at these timepoints was associated with increased odds of RRI. Twenty-two collegiate runners from the same cross-country team wore a waist-mounted triaxial accelerometer (100 Hz) during easy-intensity runs throughout the competitive season. RRIs requiring medical attention were reported via an online survey. Control entropy was used to estimate the complexity of the resultant COM acceleration recorded during each run. Associations between complexity and RRI were assessed using a frequency-matching strategy where uninjured participants were paired with injured participants using complexity from the most time-proximal run prior to RRI. Seven runners sustained an RRI. No significant differences were observed between injured and uninjured groups for baseline complexity (p = 0.364, d = 0.405), pre-injury complexity (p = 0.258, d = 0.581), or change from baseline to pre-injury (p = 0.101, d = 0.963). There were no statistically significant associations found between complexity and RRI risk. Although no significant associations were found, the median effect from the models indicated that an increase in baseline complexity, pre-injury complexity, and change in complexity from baseline each corresponded to an increased odds of sustaining an RRI [baseline: odds ratio (OR) = 1.560, 95% CI = 0.587-4.143, p = 0.372; pre-injury: OR = 1.926, 95% CI: 0.689-5.382, p = 0.211; change from baseline: OR = 1.119; 95% CI: 0.839-1.491, p = 0.445). Despite non-significance and wide confidence intervals that included both positive and negative associations, the point estimates for >98% of the 10,000 frequency-case-control-matched model fits indicated that matching strategy did not influence the directionality of the association estimates between complexity and RRI risk (i.e., odds ratio >1.0). This pilot study demonstrates initial feasibility that additional research may support COM acceleration complexity as a useful single-metric monitoring system for RRI risk during real-world training. Follow-up work should assess longitudinal associations between gait complexity and running-related injury in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison H. Gruber
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health – Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - James McDonnell
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health – Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - John J. Davis
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health – Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Jacob E. Vollmar
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health – Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Performance Engineering Laboratory, Reebok International, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jaroslaw Harezlak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health – Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Max R. Paquette
- Musculoskeletal Analysis Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States
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171
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Asghari M, Ehsani H, Cohen A, Tax T, Mohler J, Toosizadeh N. Nonlinear analysis of the movement variability structure can detect aging-related differences among cognitively healthy individuals. Hum Mov Sci 2021; 78:102807. [PMID: 34023753 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2021.102807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Studying the dynamics of nonlinear systems can provide additional information about the variability structure of the system. Within the current study, we examined the application of regularity and local stability measures to capture motor function alterations due to dual-tasking using a previously validated upper-extremity function (UEF). We targeted young (ages 18 and 30 years) and older adults (65 years or older) with normal cognition based on clinical screening. UEF involved repetitive elbow flexion without counting (ST) and while counting backward by one (DT1) or three (DT3). We measured the regularity (measured by sample entropy (SE)), local stability (measured by the largest Lyapunov exponent (LyE)), as well as conventional peak-dependent variability measures (coefficient of variation of kinematics parameters) to capture motor dynamic alterations due to dual-tasking. Within both groups, only SE showed significant differences between all pairs of UEF condition comparisons, even ST vs DT1 (p = 0.007, effect size = 0.507), for which no peak-dependent parameter showed significant difference. Among all measures, the only parameter that showed a significant difference between young and older adults was LyE (p < 0.001, effect size = 0.453). Current findings highlight the potential of nonlinear analysis to detect aging-related alterations among cognitively healthy participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Asghari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Hossein Ehsani
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland College Park, Maryland, MD, USA
| | - Audrey Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Talia Tax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jane Mohler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Nima Toosizadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Arizona Center on Aging (ACOA), Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA; Division of Geriatrics, General Internal Medicine and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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172
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Restoring Walking Complexity in Older Adults Through Arm-in-Arm Walking: Were Almurad et al.'s (2018) Results an Artifact? Motor Control 2021; 25:475-490. [PMID: 33992026 DOI: 10.1123/mc.2020-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of stride series revealed a loss of complexity in older people, which correlated with the falling propensity. A recent experiment evidenced an increase of walking complexity in older participants when they walked in close synchrony with a younger companion. Moreover, a prolonged experience of such synchronized walking yielded a persistent restoration of complexity. This result, however, was obtained with a unique healthy partner, and it could be related to a particular partner's behavior. The authors' aim was to replicate this important finding using a different healthy partner and to compare the results to those previously obtained. The authors successfully replicated the previous results: synchronization yielded an attraction of participants' complexity toward that of their partner and a restoration of complexity that persisted in two posttests, 2 and 6 weeks after the end of the training sessions. This study shows that this complexity restoration protocol can be applied successfully with another partner, and allows us to conclude that it can be generalized.
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173
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How Common Is the Exponential Decay Pattern of Motor Skill Acquisition? A Brief Investigation. Motor Control 2021; 25:451-461. [PMID: 33992025 DOI: 10.1123/mc.2020-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Motor performance is classically described as improving nonlinearly with practice, demonstrating rapid improvements early in practice with stabilization later, which is commonly modeled by exponential decay functions. However, retrospective analyses of our previously collected data challenge this theoretical model of motor skill acquisition, suggesting that a majority of individual learners actually demonstrate patterns of motor improvement different from this classical model. A convenience sample of young adults, older adults, and people with Parkinson disease trained on the same functional upper-extremity task. When fitting three-parameter exponential decay functions to individual participant data, the authors found that only 13.3% of young adults, 40.9% of older adults, and 66.7% of adults with Parkinson disease demonstrated this "classical" skill acquisition pattern. Thus, the three-parameter exponential decay pattern may not well-represent individuals' skill acquisition of complex motor tasks; instead, more individualized analysis methods may be warranted for advancing a theoretical understanding of motor skill acquisition.
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174
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Sheridan C, Thaut C, Brooks D, Patterson KK. Feasibility of a rhythmic auditory stimulation gait training program in community-dwelling adults after TBI: A case report. NeuroRehabilitation 2021; 48:221-230. [PMID: 33664159 DOI: 10.3233/nre-208016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury has multiple impacts on gait including decreased speed and increased gait variability. Rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) gait training uses the rhythm and timing structure of music to train and ultimately improve slow and variable walking patterns. OBJECTIVE To describe the feasibility of RAS gait training in community-dwelling adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI). A secondary objective is to report changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters and clinical measures of balance and walking endurance. METHODS Two individuals with a TBI participated in nine sessions of gait training with RAS over a 3-week period. At baseline, post-training and 3-week follow-up, spatiotemporal parameters of walking were analyzed at preferred pace, maximum pace and dual-task walking conditions. Secondary outcomes included the Community Balance and Mobility Scale and the 6-Minute Walk Test. Feasibility was assessed using reports of physical fatigue, adverse event reporting, and perceived satisfaction. RESULTS Both participants completed all 9 planned intervention sessions. The sessions were well tolerated with no adverse events. Participant 1 and 2 exhibited different responses to the intervention in line with the therapeutic goals set with the therapist. Participant 1 exhibited improved speed and decreased gait variability. Participant 2 exhibited reduced gait speed but less fatigue during the 6MWT. CONCLUSIONS RAS was found to be a safe and feasible gait intervention with the potential to improve some aspects of gait impairments related to gait speed, gait variability, dynamic balance and walking endurance. Further investigation including a pilot randomized controlled trial is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Sheridan
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,KITE - Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Corene Thaut
- Music and Health Science Research Collaboratory (MaHRC), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dina Brooks
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kara K Patterson
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,KITE - Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Music and Health Science Research Collaboratory (MaHRC), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Nestico J, Novak A, Perry SD, Mansfield A. Does increased gait variability improve stability when faced with an expected balance perturbation during treadmill walking? Gait Posture 2021; 86:94-100. [PMID: 33711616 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is uncertainty as to whether movement variability is errorful or exploratory. RESEARCH QUESTION This study aimed to determine if gait variability represents exploration to improve stability. We hypothesized that 1) spatiotemporal gait features will be more variable prior to an expected perturbation than during unperturbed walking, and 2) increased spatiotemporal gait variability pre-perturbation will correlate with improved stability post-perturbation. METHODS Sixteen healthy young adults completed 15 treadmill walking trials within a motion simulator under two conditions: unperturbed and expecting a perturbation. Participants were instructed not to expect a perturbation for unperturbed trials, and to expect a single transient medio-lateral balance perturbation for perturbed trials. Kinematic data were collected during the trials. Twenty steps were recorded post-perturbation. Unperturbed and pre-perturbation gait variabilities were defined by the short- and long-term variabilities of step length, width, and time, using 100 steps from pre-perturbation and unperturbed trials. Paired t-tests identified between-condition differences in variabilities. Stability was defined as the number of steps to centre of mass restabilization post-perturbation. Multiple regression analyses determined the effect of pre-perturbation variability on stability. RESULTS Long-term step width variability was significantly higher pre-perturbation compared to unperturbed walking (mean difference = 0.28 cm, p = 0.0073), with no significant differences between conditions for step length or time variabilities. There was no significant relationship between pre-perturbation variability and post-perturbation restabilization. SIGNIFICANCE Increased pre-perturbation step width variability was neither beneficial nor detrimental to stability. However, the increased variability in medio-lateral foot placement suggests that participants adopted an exploratory strategy in anticipation of a perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Nestico
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alison Novak
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen D Perry
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Avril Mansfield
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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176
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User-driven treadmill walking promotes healthy step width after stroke. Gait Posture 2021; 86:256-259. [PMID: 33812294 PMCID: PMC8085049 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Walking with user-driven treadmill control is believed to be more like overground walking than fixed-speed treadmill walking. Walking speed and ground reaction forces differ between overground and fixed-speed treadmill walking, but not between overground and user-driven treadmill walking in healthy and post-stroke subjects. However, studies assessing spatiotemporal gait parameters during user-driven treadmill walking are limited. This information may help confirm that user-driven treadmill walking is more like overground walking than fixed-speed treadmill walking, as well as inform the development of post-stroke gait rehabilitation programs. RESEARCH QUESTION How do spatiotemporal gait parameters for individuals post-stroke differ between fixed-speed and user-driven treadmill walking? METHODS Eighteen subjects (10 M, 8 F; 62 ± 12 years; 1.73 ± 0.12 m; 84.9 ± 12.9 kg; 40 ± 30 months post-stroke) with chronic post-stroke hemiparesis participated in this study. Participants walked on an instrumented treadmill in its fixed-speed and user-driven modes at their self-selected and fastest comfortable walking speeds. Subjects wore retroreflective markers for motion capture. Shapiro-Wilk tests were used to assess for normality and one-way repeated measures ANOVAs were used to compare between conditions with α = 0.05. Bonferroni corrections were used for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Step width was significantly smaller with user-driven control (13.7 cm, 95 % CI: [0.131, 0.145]) than fixed-speed control (16.8 cm, 95 % CI:[0.160, 0.174]), while step length and step time did not differ across treadmill conditions. Step length and step time differed between self-selected and fast walking speeds, but not treadmill control conditions. SIGNIFICANCE The results of this study show that user-driven treadmill control encourages healthy gait biomechanics and a greater sense of stability in post-stroke subjects. Individuals post-stroke walked with smaller step width with user-driven treadmill control, which has been associated with increased balance. Post-stroke gait rehabilitation may benefit from programs with user-driven treadmill training paradigms to improve mobility following stroke.
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177
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Olivier GN, Paul SS, Walter CS, Hayes HA, Foreman KB, Duff K, Schaefer SY, Dibble LE. The feasibility and efficacy of a serial reaction time task that measures motor learning of anticipatory stepping. Gait Posture 2021; 86:346-353. [PMID: 33857800 PMCID: PMC8092847 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor learning has been investigated using various paradigms, including serial reaction time tasks (SRTT) that examine upper extremity reaching and pointing while seated. Few studies have used a stepping SRTT, which could offer additional insights into motor learning involving postural demands. For a task to measure motor learning, naïve participants must demonstrate a) improved performance with task practice, and b) a dose-response relationship to learning the task. RESEARCH QUESTION Is a stepping SRTT feasible and efficacious for measuring motor learning? METHODS In this prospective study, 20 participants stood on an instrumented mat and were presented with stimuli on a computer screen. They stepped to the corresponding positions on the mat as quickly as possible. Presented stimuli included random sequences and a blinded imbedded repeating sequence. Three days after completing the randomly assigned practice dose [high dose group (n = 10) performed 4320 steps; low dose group (n = 10) performed 144 steps], a retention test of 72 steps was performed. Feasibility was measured as the proportion of participants who completed the assigned practice dose without adverse events. Efficacy was measured as within-group performance improvement on the random sequences and on the repeating sequence (paired t-tests), as well as a dose-response relationship to learning both types of sequences (independent t-tests). RESULTS All participants (mean age 26.8 years) completed all practice sessions without adverse events, indicating feasibility. High dose practice resulted in performance improvement while low dose did not; a dose-response relationship was found, with high dose practice resulting in greater learning of the task than low dose practice, indicating efficacy. SIGNIFICANCE This stepping SRTT is a feasible and efficacious way to measure motor learning, which could provide critical insights into anticipatory stepping, postural control, and fall risk. Future research is needed to determine feasibility, efficacy, and optimal practice dosages for older and impaired populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève N Olivier
- Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Serene S Paul
- Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Christopher S Walter
- Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Heather A Hayes
- Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - K Bo Foreman
- Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kevin Duff
- Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sydney Y Schaefer
- Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Leland E Dibble
- Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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178
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Rodrigues FB, de Sá E Souza GS, de Mendonça Mesquita E, de Sousa Gomide R, Baptista RR, Pereira AA, Andrade AO, Vieira MF. Margins of stability of persons with transtibial or transfemoral amputations walking on sloped surfaces. J Biomech 2021; 123:110453. [PMID: 34022534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gait is a complex motor skill. However, most falls in humans occur during gait, and people with lower limb amputation have an increased risk of falls. Thus, this study evaluated the stability of persons with unilateral amputation by quantifying the margin of stability (MoS) during gait, to contribute to understanding the strategies adopted by these people to reduce falls. The participants were divided into 3 groups: persons with transtibial amputations (n = 12, 32.27 ± 10.10 years, 76.9 ± 10.3 kg, 1.74 ± 0.06 m); persons with transfemoral amputations (n = 13, 32.21 ± 8.34 years, 72.55 ± 10.23 kg, 1.73 ± 0.05 m); and controls (n = 15, 32.2 ± 10.17 years, 75.4 ± 9.25 kg, 1.75 ± 0.05 m), who walked for 4 min on a level and sloped (8% down and up) treadmill. The pelvic and foot marker kinematic data were used to estimate the center of mass and base of support, and from these, the MoS was estimated. Although both groups of persons with amputations showed higher values for the ML MoS than did the control group (transtibial: 8.81 ± 1.79, 8.97 ± 1.74, 8.79 ± 1.76, transfemoral: 10.15 ± 2.03, 10.60 ± 1.98, 10.11 ± 1.75, control: 8.13 ± 1.30, 7.18 ± 1.85, 8.15 ± 1.57, level, down, and up, respectively), only the transfemoral group presented a significant higher value compared to the control group. Our findings suggest that the documented limitations in persons with amputations, especially with transfemoral amputation, are exacerbated in situations that require more skills, such as walking on sloped surfaces, triggering protective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Barbosa Rodrigues
- Bioengineering and Biomechanics Laboratory, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil; State University of Goiás - UnU Trindade, Trindade, Goiás, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Rafael Reimann Baptista
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, School of Health and Life Sciences, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adriano Alves Pereira
- Centre for Innovation and Technology Assessment in Health (NIATS), Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Adriano O Andrade
- Centre for Innovation and Technology Assessment in Health (NIATS), Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Marcus Fraga Vieira
- Bioengineering and Biomechanics Laboratory, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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179
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Wildenbeest MH, Kiers H, Tuijt M, van Dieën JH. Reliability of measures to characterize lumbar movement patterns, in repeated seated reaching, in a mixed group of participants with and without low-back pain: A test-retest, within- and between session. J Biomech 2021; 121:110435. [PMID: 33894470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Literature highlights the need for research on changes in lumbar movement patterns, as potential mechanisms underlying the persistence of low-back pain. Variability and local dynamic stability are frequently used to characterize movement patterns. In view of a lack of information on reliability of these measures, we determined their within- and between-session reliability in repeated seated reaching. Thirty-six participants (21 healthy, 15 LBP) executed three trials of repeated seated reaching on two days. An optical motion capture system recorded positions of cluster markers, located on the spinous processes of S1 and T8. Movement patterns were characterized by the spatial variability (meanSD) of the lumbar Euler angles: flexion-extension, lateral bending, axial rotation, temporal variability (CyclSD) and local dynamic stability (LDE). Reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), coefficients of variation (CV) and Bland-Altman plots. Sufficient reliability was defined as an ICC ≥ 0.5 and a CV < 20%. To determine the effect of number of repetitions on reliability, analyses were performed for the first 10, 20, 30, and 40 repetitions of each time series. MeanSD, CyclSD, and the LDE had moderate within-session reliability; meanSD: ICC = 0.60-0.73 (CV = 14-17%); CyclSD: ICC = 0.68 (CV = 17%); LDE: ICC = 0.62 (CV = 5%). Between-session reliability was somewhat lower; meanSD: ICC = 0.44-0.73 (CV = 17-19%); CyclSD: ICC = 0.45-0.56 (CV = 19-22%); LDE: ICC = 0.25-0.54 (CV = 5-6%). MeanSD, CyclSD and the LDE are sufficiently reliable to assess lumbar movement patterns in single-session experiments, and at best sufficiently reliable in multi-session experiments. Within-session, a plateau in reliability appears to be reached at 40 repetitions for meanSD (flexion-extension), meanSD (axial-rotation) and CyclSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meta H Wildenbeest
- HU University of Applied Sciences, Institute for Human Movement Studies, Postbus 12011, 3501 AA Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Henri Kiers
- HU University of Applied Sciences, Institute for Human Movement Studies, Postbus 12011, 3501 AA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Tuijt
- HU University of Applied Sciences, Institute for Human Movement Studies, Postbus 12011, 3501 AA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap H van Dieën
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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180
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Matthews M, Johnston W, Bleakley CM, Davies RJ, Rankin AT, Webb M, Caulfield BC, Archbold H. Concussion History and Balance Performance in Adolescent Rugby Union Players. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:1348-1354. [PMID: 33729858 PMCID: PMC8020306 DOI: 10.1177/0363546521998709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sports-related concussion is a worldwide problem. There is a concern that an initial concussion can cause prolonged subclinical disturbances to sensorimotor function that increase the risk of subsequent injury. The primary aim of this study was to examine whether a history of sports-related concussion has effects on static and dynamic balance performance in adolescent rugby players. HYPOTHESIS Dynamic balance would be worse in players with a history of concussion compared with those with no history of concussion. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS Male adolescent rugby players aged 14 to 18 years from 5 schools were recruited before the start of the 2018-2019 playing season. Participants completed questionnaires and physical tests, including dynamic Y balance and single-leg static balance (eyes closed) tests, while performing single and dual tasks. Dynamic balance was assessed using inertial sensor instrumentation. Dependent variables were normalized reach distance and the sample entropy (SEn) of the 3 axes (x, y, and z). RESULTS Of the 195 participants, 100 reported a history of concussion. Those with a history of concussion demonstrated higher SEn in all directions, with highest values during anterior (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.4; 95% CI, 0.0-0.7; P = .027) and posteromedial (SMD, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.2-0.9; P = .004) reach directions compared with those with no history. There was no difference between groups (concussion history vs control) in traditional Y balance reach distances in the anterior or posteromedial directions or single-leg static balance during both single- (P = .47) and dual-task (P = .67) conditions. CONCLUSION Adolescent rugby union athletes with a history of concussion had poorer dynamic balance during performance tasks compared with healthy controls. Static single-leg balance tests, either single or dual task, may not be sensitive enough to detect sensorimotor deficits in those with a history of concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Matthews
- Sports and Exercise Science Research
Institute, Ulster University, Belfast, UK,Mark Matthews, PhD, Sport
and Exercise Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Belfast, BT370QB, UK
() (Twitter: @Mark_MatthewsNZ)
| | - William Johnston
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy
and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,Insight Centre for Data Analytics,
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | - Brian C. Caulfield
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy
and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,Insight Centre for Data Analytics,
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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181
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Błażkiewicz M, Kędziorek J, Hadamus A. The Impact of Visual Input and Support Area Manipulation on Postural Control in Subjects after Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 23:375. [PMID: 33804770 PMCID: PMC8004071 DOI: 10.3390/e23030375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a prevalent health concern among older adults and is associated with an increased risk of falls that may result in fracture, injury, or even death. Identifying the risk factors for falls and assessing the complexity of postural control within this population is essential for developing effective regimes for fall prevention. The aim of this study was to assess postural control in individuals recovering from osteoporotic vertebral fractures while performing various stability tasks. Seventeen individuals with type II osteoporosis and 17 healthy subjects participated in this study. The study involved maintaining balance while standing barefoot on both feet for 20 s on an Advanced Mechanical Technology Inc. (AMTI) plate, with eyes open, eyes closed, and eyes closed in conjunction with a dual-task. Another three trials lasting 10 s each were undertaken during a single-leg stance under the same conditions. Fall risk was assessed using the Biodex Balance platform. Nonlinear measures were used to assess center of pressure (CoP) dynamics in all trials. Reducing the support area or elimination of the visual control led to increased sample entropy and fractal dimension. Results of the nonlinear measurements indicate that individuals recovering from osteoporotic vertebral fractures are characterized by decreased irregularity, mainly in the medio-lateral direction and reduced complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Błażkiewicz
- Department of Physiotherapy, The Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Justyna Kędziorek
- Department of Physiotherapy, The Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Hadamus
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
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182
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Apthorp D, Smith A, Ilschner S, Vlieger R, Das C, Lueck CJ, Looi JCL. Postural sway correlates with cognition and quality of life in Parkinson's disease. BMJ Neurol Open 2021; 2:e000086. [PMID: 33681803 PMCID: PMC7903176 DOI: 10.1136/bmjno-2020-000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The severity of Parkinson's disease (PD) is difficult to assess objectively owing to the lack of a robust biological marker of underlying disease status, with consequent implications for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. The current standard tool is the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS), but this is hampered by variability between observers and within subjects. Postural sway has been shown to correlate with complex brain functioning in other conditions. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between postural sway, MDS-UPDRS and other non-motor measures of disease severity in patients with PD. Method 25 patients with PD and 18 age-matched controls participated in the study. All participants underwent assessment of postural sway using a force plate, with eyes open and closed. In addition, participants underwent tests of cognition and quality of life: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Neuropsychiatry Unit Cognitive Assessment (NUCOG) and, for the patients, the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39-1), and assessment of clinical status using the motor component of the MDS-UPDRS. Results Patients swayed significantly more than controls. This was most obvious in the eyes-closed condition. Sway path length showed strong correlations with PDQ-39-1, MoCA and the verbal fluency component of the NUCOG, and, to a lesser degree, with the UPDRS-III in patients with PD. Conclusion These results suggest that motor and non-motor symptoms of PD are associated in patients, and, in particular, that postural sway shows potential as a possible measure of underlying disease status in PD, either alone or in combination with other measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Apthorp
- School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia.,Research School of Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Alex Smith
- ANU Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Susanne Ilschner
- ANU Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Robin Vlieger
- Research School of Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Chandi Das
- ANU Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Christian J Lueck
- ANU Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Jeffrey C L Looi
- Academic Unit of Psychiatry & Addiction Medicine, Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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183
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Ravi DK, Bartholet M, Skiadopoulos A, Kent JA, Wickstrom J, Taylor WR, Singh NB, Stergiou N. Rhythmic auditory stimuli modulate movement recovery in response to perturbation during locomotion. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb.237073. [PMID: 33536309 PMCID: PMC7938806 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.237073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The capacity to recover after a perturbation is a well-known intrinsic property of physiological systems, including the locomotor system, and can be termed ‘resilience’. Despite an abundance of metrics proposed to measure the complex dynamics of bipedal locomotion, analytical tools for quantifying resilience are lacking. Here, we introduce a novel method to directly quantify resilience to perturbations during locomotion. We examined the extent to which synchronizing stepping with two different temporal structured auditory stimuli (periodic and 1/f structure) during walking modulates resilience to a large unexpected perturbation. Recovery time after perturbation was calculated from the horizontal velocity of the body's center of mass. Our results indicate that synchronizing stepping with a 1/f stimulus elicited greater resilience to mechanical perturbations during walking compared with the periodic stimulus (3.3 s faster). Our proposed method may help to gain a comprehensive understanding of movement recovery behavior of humans and other animals in their ecological contexts. Summary: A new method for the evaluation of intrinsic resilience during unsteady locomotion in humans and animals, analysing the relationship between the structure of movement variability and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak K Ravi
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marc Bartholet
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Skiadopoulos
- Department of Biomechanics and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Jenny A Kent
- Department of Biomechanics and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Jordan Wickstrom
- Department of Biomechanics and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - William R Taylor
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Navrag B Singh
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nick Stergiou
- Department of Biomechanics and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA .,Department of Environmental Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4388, USA
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184
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Effects of Nonelastic Taping and Dual Task on Kinematics and Kinetics of the Ankle Joint. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:8866453. [PMID: 33728036 PMCID: PMC7937460 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8866453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate the effects of nonelastic taping and dual task on ankle kinematics and kinetics in gait analysis of healthy adults. Methods A total of 21 healthy adults completed trials of gait analysis using a Vicon system combining ground walking with different cognitive task conditions (none, modified Stroop color/character naming, and serial-7 subtraction), with or without nonelastic taping. Ankle kinematics and kinetics including speed, ankle plantarflexion and inversion angle, ground reaction force (GRF), and stride time variability (STV) under all conditions of taping (YES or NO) and cognitive task (none, naming, and subtraction) were characterized and analyzed with repeated-measures ANOVA. Results As regards cognitive performance, the serial-7 subtraction performance under walking conditions with and without taping was significantly poorer than simple sitting condition (P < 0.001). For kinematics and kinetics, STV showed statistically significant decrease (P=0.02) when subjects underwent taping application. Vertical GRF was significantly greater under taping than barefoot (P=0.001). Ankle plantarflexion at initial contact (IC) under the dual-task walking was significantly more than under simple walking (P=0.008). Conclusions Applications of nonelastic taping and dual task may lead to the STV, vertical GRF, ankle plantarflexion, and speed alterations because of restricted joint range of motion and changed sensorimotor neural circuit. When healthy adults performed dual-task walking, central neural resources allocation was disturbed, leading to weakened performance in both motor and cognitive tasks.
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185
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Khoury T, Ilan Y. Platform introducing individually tailored variability in nerve stimulations and dietary regimen to prevent weight regain following weight loss in patients with obesity. Obes Res Clin Pract 2021; 15:114-123. [PMID: 33653665 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prevention of weight regain following successful weight loss is a major challenge in the treatment of obesity, irrespective of the weight reduction method used. The majority of individuals regain the lost weight over time; thus, achieving long-term sustainability in weight loss remains an unresolved issue. A compensatory adaptation to the weight loss methods occurs in several body organs and partly explains the lack of sustainable effect. Variability is inherent in many biological systems, and patterns of variability constitute a body mechanism that is active at several levels, starting from the genes and cellular pathways through to the whole-organ level. This study aimed to describe a platform that introduces individually tailored variability in vagal nerve stimulation and dietary regimen to ensure prolonged and sustainable weight loss and prevent weight regain. The platform is intended to provide a method that can overcome the body's compensatory adaptation mechanisms while ensuring a prolonged beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawfik Khoury
- Department of Gastroenterology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel; Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, PO Box 12000, IL-91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
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186
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Sarvestan J, Svoboda Z, Alaei F, Mulloy F. Analysis of Whole-Body Coordination Patterning in Successful and Faulty Spikes Using Self-Organising Map-Based Cluster Analysis: A Secondary Analysis. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21041345. [PMID: 33672802 PMCID: PMC7917820 DOI: 10.3390/s21041345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the whole-body coordination patterning in successful and faulty spikes using self-organising map-based cluster analysis. Ten young, elite volleyball players (aged 15.5 ± 0.7 years) performed 60 volleyball spikes in a real-game environment. Adopting the cluster analysis, based on a self-organising map, whole-body coordination patterning was explored between successful and faulty spikes of individual players. The self-organising maps (SOMs) portrayed whole body, lower and upper limb coordination dissimilarities during the jump phase and the ball impact phases between the successful and faulty spikes. The cluster analysis illustrated that the whole body, upper limb and lower limb coordination patterning of each individual’s successful spikes were similar to their faulty spikes. Range of motion patterning also demonstrated no differences in kinematics between spike outcomes. Further, the upper limb angular velocity patterning of the players’ successful/faulty spikes were similar. The SPM analysis portrayed significant differences between the normalized upper limb angular velocities from 35% to 45% and from 76% to 100% of the spike movement. Although the lower limb angular velocities are vital for achieving higher jumps in volleyball spikes, the results of this study portrayed that the upper limb angular velocities distinguish the differences between successful and faulty spikes among the attackers. This confirms the fact that volleyball coaches should shift their focus toward the upper limb velocity and coordination training for higher success rates in spiking for volleyball attackers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sarvestan
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (F.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-7768-97540
| | - Zdeněk Svoboda
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (F.A.)
| | - Fatemeh Alaei
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (F.A.)
| | - Franky Mulloy
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Lincoln, Lincolnshire LN6 7TS, UK;
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187
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Hunter B, Greenhalgh A, Karsten B, Burnley M, Muniz-Pumares D. A non-linear analysis of running in the heavy and severe intensity domains. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:1297-1313. [PMID: 33580289 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Altered movement complexity, indicative of system dysfunction, has been demonstrated with increased running velocity and neuromuscular fatigue. The critical velocity (CV) denotes a metabolic and neuromuscular fatigue threshold. It remains unclear whether changes to complexity during running are coupled with the exercise intensity domain in which it is performed. The purpose of this study was to examine whether movement variability and complexity differ exclusively above the CV intensity during running. METHODS Ten endurance-trained participants ran at 95%, 100%, 105% and 115% CV for 20 min or to task failure, whichever occurred first. Movement at the hip, knee, and ankle were sampled throughout using 3D motion analysis. Complexity of kinematics in the first and last 30 s were quantified using sample entropy (SampEn) and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA-α). Variability was determined using standard deviation (SD). RESULTS SampEn decreased during all trials in knee flexion/extension and it increased in hip internal/external rotation, whilst DFA-α increased in knee internal/external rotation. SD of ankle plantar/dorsiflexion and inversion/eversion, knee internal/external rotation, and hip flexion/extension and abduction/adduction increased during trials. Hip flexion/extension SampEn values were lowest below CV. DFA-α was lower at higher velocities compared to velocities below CV in ankle plantar/dorsiflexion, hip flexion/extension, hip adduction/abduction, hip internal/external rotation. In hip flexion/extension SD was highest at 115% CV. CONCLUSIONS Changes to kinematic complexity over time are consistent between heavy and severe intensity domains. The findings suggest running above CV results in increased movement complexity and variability, particularly at the hip, during treadmill running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Hunter
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.
| | - Andrew Greenhalgh
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Bettina Karsten
- European University of Applied Sciences (EUFH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark Burnley
- Endurance Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, UK
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188
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Strongman C, Morrison A. Evaluating dynamic similarity of fixed, self-selected and anatomically scaled speeds in non-linear analysis of gait during treadmill running. Hum Mov Sci 2021; 76:102768. [PMID: 33556908 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2021.102768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to evaluate how speed affects non-linear measures of variability. Fixed and self-selected speeds were compared to an anatomically scaled speed calculated based on leg length to evaluate which provided a more reproducible result between subjects. METHODS Sixteen subjects ran on a treadmill at a fixed, scaled and self-selected speed and at ±10% in each case. Kinematic data were collected for two minutes at 250 Hz for each trial. Sample entropy (SaEn) and maximum Lyapunov exponents (LyE) were calculated from the sagittal knee and hip joint angles to evaluate regularity of gait and local stability. These nonlinear measures were compared to evaluate the dynamic similarity of the movement in each case, and to evaluate speed as a confounding variable in non-linear analysis. RESULTS An anatomically scaled speed shows more dynamic similarity than a fixed or self-selected speed with the lowest observed coefficient of variation for each measure. This was found to be statistically significant for both nonlinear measures of the hip (SaEn p = 0.038; LyE p = 0.040). Speed was not found to be a confounding variable in non-linear analysis of running gait of a healthy population (η2 < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Changes in speed by ±10% do not significantly affect stability and variability of gait for healthy participants, suggesting that they make adaptations to ensure optimal gait variability. Anatomically scaled speeds provide a more reliable methodology for both linear and non-linear analysis by providing a definitive protocol, suggesting it could replace self-selected or fixed speeds in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Strongman
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, East Road, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Andrew Morrison
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, East Road, Cambridge, UK.
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189
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Smith JA, Eiteman-Pang WK, Soangra R, König Ignasiak N. Adaptations in trunk-pelvis coordination variability in response to fatiguing exercise. Gait Posture 2021; 84:1-7. [PMID: 33260075 PMCID: PMC7902355 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During walking, variability in how movement is coordinated between body segments from stride to stride facilitates adaptation to changing environmental or task constraints. Magnitude of this inter-segmental coordination variability is reduced in patient populations and may also decrease in response to muscle fatigue. Previously, stride-to-stride variability has been quantified with the Vector Coding (VC) method, however recent research introduced a new Ellipse Area Method (EAM) to avoid statistical artifacts associated with VC. RESEARCH QUESTION Determine changes in trunk-pelvis coordination variability during walking turns in response to fatiguing exercise and to compare coordination variability quantified with VC to the EAM method. METHODS 15 young adults (mean age: 23.7 (±3.2) years) performed 15 trials of a 90-degree walking turn before and after fatiguing paraspinal muscle exercise. Angular kinematics of the trunk and pelvis segments in the axial plane were quantified using three-dimensional motion capture. Stride to stride variability of axial coordination between the trunk and pelvis pre- and post-fatigue was calculated using both VC and EAM methods. Magnitudes of pre- and post-fatigue variability for VC and EAM were compared with paired t-tests and relationship between the magnitude of variability for the two methods was calculated using Pearson correlation coefficients. RESULTS Using both analytical approaches, trunk-pelvis coordination variability decreased significantly post-fatiguing exercise across the stride cycle and within the stance phase of the turn (p < 0.034 for all comparisons). Average magnitudes of variability calculated with VC and EAM were highly correlated. Time series cross correlations pre-post fatigue ranged from 0.81 to 0.98. SIGNIFICANCE In healthy individuals, magnitude of trunk-pelvis stride-to-stride coordination variability is reduced following fatiguing exercise but the temporal distribution of variability across the stride cycle is maintained. This finding is robust to the method used to quantify coordination variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Armour Smith
- Department of Physical Therapy, Chapman University, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, United States.
| | - Wilford K Eiteman-Pang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Chapman University, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, United States
| | - Rahul Soangra
- Department of Physical Therapy, Chapman University, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, United States
| | - Niklas König Ignasiak
- Department of Physical Therapy, Chapman University, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, United States
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190
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Gait Variability and IEMG Variation in Gastrocnemius and Medial Hamstring Muscles on Inclined Even and Uneven Planes. Ing Rech Biomed 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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191
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Nonlinear Analysis of Stride Interval Time Series in Gait Maturation Using Distribution Entropy. Ing Rech Biomed 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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192
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Li Z, Bruce SA, Wutzke CJ, Long Y. Conditional adaptive Bayesian spectral analysis of replicated multivariate time series. Stat Med 2021; 40:1989-2005. [PMID: 33474728 DOI: 10.1002/sim.8884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This article introduces a flexible nonparametric approach for analyzing the association between covariates and power spectra of multivariate time series observed across multiple subjects, which we refer to as multivariate conditional adaptive Bayesian power spectrum analysis (MultiCABS). The proposed procedure adaptively collects time series with similar covariate values into an unknown number of groups and nonparametrically estimates group-specific power spectra through penalized splines. A fully Bayesian framework is developed in which the number of groups and the covariate partition defining the groups are random and fit using Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques. MultiCABS offers accurate estimation and inference on power spectra of multivariate time series with both smooth and abrupt dynamics across covariate by averaging over the distribution of covariate partitions. Performance of the proposed method compared with existing methods is evaluated in simulation studies. The proposed methodology is used to analyze the association between fear of falling and power spectra of center-of-pressure trajectories of postural control while standing in people with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeda Li
- Paul H. Chook Department of Information Systems and Statistics, Baruch College, The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Scott A Bruce
- Department of Statistics, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Clinton J Wutzke
- Department of Human Physiology, Gonzaga University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Yang Long
- Paul H. Chook Department of Information Systems and Statistics, Baruch College, The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
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193
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Ilan Y. Improving Global Healthcare and Reducing Costs Using Second-Generation Artificial Intelligence-Based Digital Pills: A Market Disruptor. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:811. [PMID: 33477865 PMCID: PMC7832873 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims: Improving global health requires making current and future drugs more effective and affordable. While healthcare systems around the world are faced with increasing costs, branded and generic drug companies are facing the challenge of creating market differentiators. Two of the problems associated with the partial or complete loss of response to chronic medications are a lack of adherence and compensatory responses to chronic drug administration, which leads to tolerance and loss of effectiveness. Approach and Results: First-generation artificial intelligence (AI) systems do not address these needs and suffer from a low adoption rate by patients and clinicians. Second-generation AI systems are focused on a single subject and on improving patients' clinical outcomes. The digital pill, which combines a personalized second-generation AI system with a branded or generic drug, improves the patient response to drugs by increasing adherence and overcoming the loss of response to chronic medications. By improving the effectiveness of drugs, the digital pill reduces healthcare costs and increases end-user adoption. The digital pill also provides a market differentiator for branded and generic drug companies. Conclusions: Implementing the use of a digital pill is expected to reduce healthcare costs, providing advantages for all the players in the healthcare system including patients, clinicians, healthcare authorities, insurance companies, and drug manufacturers. The described business model for the digital pill is based on distributing the savings across all stakeholders, thereby enabling improved global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Ilan
- Department of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 12000, Israel
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194
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Lheureux A, Warlop T, Cambier C, Chemin B, Stoquart G, Detrembleur C, Lejeune T. Influence of Autocorrelated Rhythmic Auditory Stimulations on Parkinson's Disease Gait Variability: Comparison With Other Auditory Rhythm Variabilities and Perspectives. Front Physiol 2021; 11:601721. [PMID: 33424625 PMCID: PMC7786048 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.601721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease patients suffer from gait impairments such as reduced gait speed, shortened step length, and deterioration of the temporal organization of stride duration variability (i.e., breakdown in Long-Range Autocorrelations). The aim of this study was to compare the effects on Parkinson's Disease patients' gait of three Rhythmic Auditory Stimulations (RAS), each structured with a different rhythm variability (isochronous, random, and autocorrelated). Nine Parkinson's Disease patients performed four walking conditions of 10-15 min each: Control Condition (CC), Isochronous RAS (IRAS), Random RAS (RRAS), and Autocorrelated RAS (ARAS). Accelerometers were used to assess gait speed, cadence, step length, temporal organization (i.e., Long-Range Autocorrelations computation), and magnitude (i.e., coefficient of variation) of stride duration variability on 512 gait cycles. Long-Range Autocorrelations were assessed using the evenly spaced averaged Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (α-DFA exponent). Spatiotemporal gait parameters and coefficient of variation were not modified by the RAS. Long-Range Autocorrelations were present in all patients during CC and ARAS although all RAS conditions altered them. The α-DFA exponents were significantly lower during IRAS and RRAS than during CC, exhibiting anti-correlations during IRAS in seven patients. α-DFA during ARAS was the closest to the α-DFA during CC and within normative data of healthy subjects. In conclusion, Isochronous RAS modify patients' Long-Range Autocorrelations and the use of Autocorrelated RAS allows to maintain an acceptable level of Long-Range Autocorrelations for Parkinson's Disease patients' gait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Lheureux
- Institute of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium.,Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| | - Thibault Warlop
- Institute of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| | - Charline Cambier
- NeuroMusculoSkeletal Lab (NSMK), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| | - Baptiste Chemin
- Institute of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| | - Gaëtan Stoquart
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium.,NeuroMusculoSkeletal Lab (NSMK), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| | - Christine Detrembleur
- NeuroMusculoSkeletal Lab (NSMK), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| | - Thierry Lejeune
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium.,NeuroMusculoSkeletal Lab (NSMK), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
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195
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Ó’Reilly D, Federolf P. Identifying differences in gait adaptability across various speeds using movement synergy analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244582. [PMID: 33411749 PMCID: PMC7790368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to identify movement synergies during normal-walking that can differentiate healthy adults in terms of gait adaptability at various speeds. To this end, the association between movement synergies and lower-limb coordination variability or Deviation Phase (DP) was investigated. This study also investigated the moderating effect of movement synergies on the relationship between DP and the smoothness of arm-swing motion (NJI). METHOD A principal component analysis of whole-body marker trajectories from normal-walking treadmill trials at 0.8m/s, 1.2m/s and 1.6m/s was undertaken. Both DP and NJI were derived from approx. 8 minutes of perturbed-walking treadmill trials. Principal movement components, PMk, were derived and the RMS of the 2nd-order differentiation of these PMk (PAkRMS) were included as independent variables representing the magnitude of neuromuscular control in each PMk. Each PAkRMS were input into maximal linear mixed-effects models against DP and (DP x NJI) respectively. A stepwise elimination of terms and comparison of models using Anova identified optimal models for both aims. RESULTS The principal movement related to the push-off mechanism of gait (PA4RMS) was identified as an optimal model and demonstrated a significant negative effect on DP however this effect may differ considerably across walking-speeds. An optimal model for describing the variance in (DP x NJI) included a fixed-effect of PA6RMS representing Right-Left side weight transfer was identified. INTERPRETATION The hypotheses that individuals who exhibited greater control on specific kinematic synergies would exhibit variations during perturbed walking was substantiated. Supporting evidence for the role of movement synergies during the double-support phase of gait in proactively correcting balance was presented as well as the potential for this approach in targeted rehabilitation. The potential influence of leg dominance on gait adaptability was also discussed. Future studies should investigate further the role of walking-speed and leg dominance on movement synergies and look to generalize these findings to patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ó’Reilly
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing & Midwifery, Brookfield Campus, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
- Faculty of Biological sciences, School of Biomedical sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Federolf
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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196
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Likens AD, Mastorakis S, Skiadopoulos A, Kent JA, Al Azad MW, Stergiou N. Irregular Metronomes as Assistive Devices to Promote Healthy Gait Patterns. IEEE CONSUMER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING CONFERENCE. IEEE CONSUMER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:10.1109/ccnc49032.2021.9369490. [PMID: 34368399 PMCID: PMC8340876 DOI: 10.1109/ccnc49032.2021.9369490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Older adults and people suffering from neurodegenerative disease often experience difficulty controlling gait during locomotion, ultimately increasing their risk of falling. To combat these effects, researchers and clinicians have used metronomes as assistive devices to improve movement timing in hopes of reducing their risk of falling. Historically, researchers in this area have relied on metronomes with isochronous interbeat intervals, which may be problematic because normal healthy gait varies considerably from one step to the next. More recently, researchers have advocated the use of irregular metronomes embedded with statistical properties found in healthy populations. In this paper, we explore the effect of both regular and irregular metronomes on many statistical properties of interstride intervals. Furthermore, we investigate how these properties react to mechanical perturbation in the form of a halted treadmill belt while walking. Our results demonstrate that metronomes that are either isochronous or random break down the inherent structure of healthy gait. Metronomes with statistical properties similar to healthy gait seem to preserve those properties, despite a strong mechanical perturbation. We discuss the future development of this work in the context of networked augmented reality metronome devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Likens
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, USA
| | | | | | - Jenny A Kent
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Md Washik Al Azad
- Computer Science Department, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, USA
| | - Nick Stergiou
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, USA
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197
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Test-Retest Reliability and the Effects of Walking Speed on Stride Time Variability During Continuous, Overground Walking in Healthy Young Adults. J Appl Biomech 2020; 37:102-108. [PMID: 33361489 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2020-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Studies have investigated the reliability and effect of walking speed on stride time variability during walking trials performed on a treadmill. The objective of this study was to investigate the reliability of stride time variability and the effect of walking speed on stride time variability, during continuous, overground walking in healthy young adults. Participants completed: (1) 2 walking trials at their preferred walking speed on 1 day and another trial 2 to 4 days later and (2) 1 trial at their preferred walking speed, 1 trial approximately 20% to 25% faster than their preferred walking speed, and 1 trial approximately 20% to 25% slower than their preferred walking speed on a separate day. Data from a waist-mounted accelerometer were used to determine the consecutive stride times for each trial. The reliability of stride time variability outcomes was generally poor (intraclass correlations: .167-.487). Although some significant differences in stride time variability were found between the preferred walking speed, fast, and slow trials, individual between-trial differences were generally below the estimated minimum difference considered to be a real difference. The development of a protocol to improve the reliability of stride time variability outcomes during continuous, overground walking would be beneficial to improve their application in research and clinical settings.
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198
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Van Wouwe T, Ting LH, De Groote F. Interactions between initial posture and task-level goal explain experimental variability in postural responses to perturbations of standing balance. J Neurophysiol 2020; 125:586-598. [PMID: 33326357 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00476.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Postural responses to similar perturbations of standing balance vary widely within and across subjects. Here, we identified two sources of variability and their interactions by combining experimental observations with computational modeling: differences in posture at perturbation onset across trials and differences in task-level goals across subjects. We first collected postural responses to unpredictable backward support-surface translations during standing in 10 young adults. We found that maximal trunk lean in postural responses to backward translations were highly variable both within subjects (mean of ranges = 28.3°) and across subjects (range of means = 39.9°). Initial center of mass (COM) position was correlated with maximal trunk lean during the response, but this relation was subject specific (R2 = 0.29-0.82). We then used predictive simulations to assess causal relations and interactions with task-level goal. Our simulations showed that initial posture explains the experimentally observed intrasubject variability with a more anterior initial COM position increasing the use of the hip strategy. Differences in task-level goal explain observed intersubject variability with prioritizing effort minimization leading to ankle strategies and prioritizing stability leading to hip strategies. Interactions between initial posture and task-level goal explain observed differences in intrasubject variability across subjects. Our findings suggest that variability in initial posture due to increased sway as observed in older adults might increase the occurrence of less stable postural responses to perturbations. Insight in factors causing movement variability will advance our ability to study the origin of differences between groups and conditions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Responses to perturbations of standing balance vary both within and between individuals. By combining experimental observations with computational modeling, we identified causes of observed kinematic variability in healthy young adults. First, we found that trial-by-trial differences in posture at perturbation onset explain most of the kinematic variability observed within subjects. Second, we found that differences in prioritizing effort versus stability explained differences in the postural response as well as differences in trial-by-trial variability across subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Van Wouwe
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lena H Ting
- W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Physical Therapy, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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199
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Balagué N, Hristovski R, Almarcha M, Garcia-Retortillo S, Ivanov PC. Network Physiology of Exercise: Vision and Perspectives. Front Physiol 2020; 11:611550. [PMID: 33362584 PMCID: PMC7759565 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.611550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic theoretical assumptions of Exercise Physiology and its research directions, strongly influenced by reductionism, may hamper the full potential of basic science investigations, and various practical applications to sports performance and exercise as medicine. The aim of this perspective and programmatic article is to: (i) revise the current paradigm of Exercise Physiology and related research on the basis of principles and empirical findings in the new emerging field of Network Physiology and Complex Systems Science; (ii) initiate a new area in Exercise and Sport Science, Network Physiology of Exercise (NPE), with focus on basic laws of interactions and principles of coordination and integration among diverse physiological systems across spatio-temporal scales (from the sub-cellular level to the entire organism), to understand how physiological states and functions emerge, and to improve the efficacy of exercise in health and sport performance; and (iii) to create a forum for developing new research methodologies applicable to the new NPE field, to infer and quantify nonlinear dynamic forms of coupling among diverse systems and establish basic principles of coordination and network organization of physiological systems. Here, we present a programmatic approach for future research directions and potential practical applications. By focusing on research efforts to improve the knowledge about nested dynamics of vertical network interactions, and particularly, the horizontal integration of key organ systems during exercise, NPE may enrich Basic Physiology and diverse fields like Exercise and Sports Physiology, Sports Medicine, Sports Rehabilitation, Sport Science or Training Science and improve the understanding of diverse exercise-related phenomena such as sports performance, fatigue, overtraining, or sport injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natàlia Balagué
- Complex Systems in Sport, INEFC Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Hristovski
- Faculty of Physical Education, Sport and Health, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Maricarmen Almarcha
- Complex Systems in Sport, INEFC Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Garcia-Retortillo
- Complex Systems in Sport, INEFC Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Keck Laboratory for Network Physiology, Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Plamen Ch. Ivanov
- Keck Laboratory for Network Physiology, Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Dierick F, Vandevoorde C, Chantraine F, White O, Buisseret F. Benefits of nonlinear analysis indices of walking stride interval in the evaluation of neurodegenerative diseases. Hum Mov Sci 2020; 75:102741. [PMID: 33310379 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2020.102741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Indices characterising the long-range temporal structure of walking stride interval (SI) variability such as Hurst exponent (H) and fractal dimension (D) may be used in addition to indices measuring the amount of variability like the coefficient of variation (CV). We assess the added value of the former indices in a clinical neurological context. Our aim is to demonstrate that they provide a clinical significance in aging and in frequent neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Indices assessing the temporal structure of variability are mainly dependent on SI time series length and algorithms used, making quantitative comparisons between different studies difficult or even impossible. Here, we recompute these indices from available SI time series, either from our lab or from online databases. More precisely, we recompute CV, H, and D in a unified way. The average SI is also added to the measured parameters. We confirm that variability indices are relevant indicators of aging process and neurodegenerative diseases. While CV is sensitive to aging process and pathology, it does not discriminate between specific neurodegenerative diseases. H, which measures predictability of SI, significantly decreases with age but increases in patients suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. D, catching complexity of SI, is correlated with total functional capacity in patients with Huntington's disease. We conclude that the computation of H complements the clinical diagnosis of walking in patients with neurodegenerative diseases and we recommend it as a relevant supplement to classical CV or averaged SI. Since H and D indices did not lead to the same observations, suggesting the multi-fractal nature of SI dynamics, we recommend to open clinical gait analysis to the evaluation of more parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Dierick
- Centre National de Rééducation Fonctionnelle et de Réadaptation - Rehazenter, Laboratoire d'Analyse du Mouvement et de la Posture (LAMP), 2674 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; Centre de recherche et de formation (CeREF Technique), Haute Ecole Louvain en Hainaut, 7000 Mons, Belgium; Faculté des Sciences de la Motricité, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Charlotte Vandevoorde
- Laboratoire Forme et Fonctionnement Humain (FFH), Haute Ecole Louvain en Hainaut, 6061 Montignies-sur-Sambre, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Chantraine
- Centre National de Rééducation Fonctionnelle et de Réadaptation - Rehazenter, Laboratoire d'Analyse du Mouvement et de la Posture (LAMP), 2674 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Olivier White
- Université de Bourgogne INSERM-U1093 Cognition, Action, and Sensorimotor Plasticity, Campus Universitaire, BP 27877, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Fabien Buisseret
- Centre de recherche et de formation (CeREF Technique), Haute Ecole Louvain en Hainaut, 7000 Mons, Belgium; Laboratoire Forme et Fonctionnement Humain (FFH), Haute Ecole Louvain en Hainaut, 6061 Montignies-sur-Sambre, Belgium; Service de Physique Nucléaire et Subnucléaire, Université de Mons, UMONS Research Institute for Complex Systems, 7000 Mons, Belgium
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