151
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Ilyés K, Kovács NK, Balogh A, Borbás E, Farkas B, Casian T, Marosi G, Tomuță I, Nagy ZK. The applicability of pharmaceutical polymeric blends for the fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D technique: Material considerations-printability-process modulation, with consecutive effects on in vitro release, stability and degradation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 129:110-123. [PMID: 30610954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The three dimensional printing (3DP) in the pharmaceutical domain constitutes an alternative, innovative approach compared to the conventional production methods. Fused deposition modelling (FDM), is a simple, cost-effective 3DP technique, however the range of pharmaceutical excipients that can be applied for this methodology is restricted. The study set to define the requirements of the FDM printability, using as technical support custom made, pharmaceutical polymer based filaments and to evaluate if these new dosage forms can live up to the current GMP/GCP quality standards. Formulation rationale was assessed in accordance to the apparatus functionality. Blends were pre-screened based on the processability under the API (carvedilol) thermogravimetric analysis determined critical limit. The technological process implied the use of FDM coupled with hot melt extrusion (HME), while printability was defined by means of thermal, rheological and mechanical measurements. From the pharmaceutical standpoint, the consistency of the in vitro dissolution kinetics was monitored 'at release' and 'in stability', while the print process impact was evaluated based on the previously determined processability potential. Results showed that FDM printability is multifactorial, with brittleness and melt viscosity as primary limitation factors. The increase in shear-thinning and flexural modulus can enable broader processability intervals, which in turn proved to be essential in limiting degradation product formation. The 3DP tablets released the API in an extended rate, however the temperature and humidity along production and storage should be carefully considered as it may affect the final product quality in time. In conclusion, HME + FDM can be considered as an alternative production methodology, with prospects of applicability in the clinical sector, however for some formulations extensive packaging development will be necessary before confirming their suitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Ilyés
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hațieganu", 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Norbert Krisztián Kovács
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Attila Balogh
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Enikő Borbás
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Farkas
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tibor Casian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hațieganu", 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - György Marosi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ioan Tomuță
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hațieganu", 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Zsombor Kristóf Nagy
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
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152
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On-demand manufacturing of immediate release levetiracetam tablets using pressure-assisted microsyringe printing. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 134:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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153
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Linares V, Casas M, Caraballo I. Printfills: 3D printed systems combining fused deposition modeling and injection volume filling. Application to colon-specific drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 134:138-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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154
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Li F, Macdonald NP, Guijt RM, Breadmore MC. Multimaterial 3D Printed Fluidic Device for Measuring Pharmaceuticals in Biological Fluids. Anal Chem 2018; 91:1758-1763. [PMID: 30513198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Multimaterial 3D printing provides a unique capability for the creation of highly complex integrated devices where complementary functionality is realized using differences in material properties. Using a single and automated print process, microfluidic devices were fabricated containing (i) an optically transparent structure for fluorescence detection, (ii) electrodes for electrokinetic transport, (iii) a primary membrane to remove particulates and macromolecules including proteins, and (iv) a secondary membrane to concentrate small molecule targets. The device was used for the simultaneous extraction and concentration of small molecule pharmaceuticals from urine, which was followed by an on-chip electrophoretic separation of the concentrated targets for quantitative analysis. Owing to the high level of functional integration inside the device, manual handling was minimal and restricted to the introduction of the sample and buffer solutions. The 3D printed sample-in/answer-out device allowed the direct quantification of ampicillin-a small molecule pharmaceutical-in untreated urine within 3 min, down to 2 ppm. These results demonstrate the potential of 3D printing for on-demand fabrication of disposable, functionally integrated devices for low-cost point-of-collection (POC) diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry , University of Tasmania , Private Bag 75 , Hobart , Tasmania 7001 , Australia
| | - Niall P Macdonald
- Analytical-Chemistry Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences , University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904 , 1098 XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1108 , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Rosanne M Guijt
- Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Geelong , Deakin University , Private Bag 20000 , 3220 Geelong , Australia
| | - Michael C Breadmore
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry , University of Tasmania , Private Bag 75 , Hobart , Tasmania 7001 , Australia
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155
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Zhong H, Chan G, Hu Y, Hu H, Ouyang D. A Comprehensive Map of FDA-Approved Pharmaceutical Products. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E263. [PMID: 30563197 PMCID: PMC6321070 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing research and development (R&D) difficulty of new molecular entities (NMEs), novel drug delivery systems (DDSs) are attracting widespread attention. This review investigated the current distribution of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved pharmaceutical products and evaluated the technical barrier for the entry of generic drugs and highlighted the success and failure of advanced drug delivery systems. According to the ratio of generic to new drugs and the four-quadrant classification scheme for evaluating the commercialization potential of DDSs, the results showed that the traditional dosage forms (e.g., conventional tablets, capsules and injections) with a lower technology barrier were easier to reproduce, while advanced drug delivery systems (e.g., inhalations and nanomedicines) with highly technical barriers had less competition and greater market potential. Our study provides a comprehensive insight into FDA-approved products and deep analysis of the technical barriers for advanced drug delivery systems. In the future, the R&D of new molecular entities may combine advanced delivery technologies to make drug candidates into more therapeutically effective formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Ging Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Yuanjia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Hao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Defang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
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156
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Lerman MJ, Lembong J, Gillen G, Fisher JP. 3D printing in cell culture systems and medical applications. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2018; 5:041109. [PMID: 32550961 PMCID: PMC7187884 DOI: 10.1063/1.5046087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
3D printing plays an important role in various biomedical research applications including, but not limited to, culture systems and implantable devices. In this review, we discuss recent development in the applications of 3D printing technologies for clinically motivated research, particularly focusing on the fabrication of constructs subsequently incorporated with cells. Applications of this technology include pharmaceutical delivery, bioreactor culture platforms, acellular scaffolds, imaging modalities, and organ-on-a chip systems. Emphasis is placed on technological developments not possible without 3D printing technologies: where traditional manufacturing approaches would be cumbersome to demonstrate research objectives. The clinical applications of 3D printing are rapidly moving from the research to production phases and will certainly continue to grow, with ever increasing numbers of therapies becoming commercialized. The work discussed here holds promise for various applications in structural improvements, drug delivery, and physiology research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Greg Gillen
- Surface and Trace Chemical Analysis Group, Materials
Measurement Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology,
Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - John P. Fisher
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: .
Tel.: 301 314 2188. Fax: 301 405 9953. URL: https://cect.umd.edu
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157
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Gareb B, Dijkstra G, Kosterink JGW, Frijlink HW. Development of novel zero-order release budesonide tablets for the treatment of ileo-colonic inflammatory bowel disease and comparison with formulations currently used in clinical practice. Int J Pharm 2018; 554:366-375. [PMID: 30414898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Up to 50% of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients suffer from ileo-colonic inflammation. Topically delivered budesonide is an effective treatment but in vitro as well as clinical data suggest that oral formulations currently used in clinical practice are not optimal to treat the ileo-colon. The aim of this in vitro study was to develop ileo-colonic-targeted zero-order sustained-release tablets containing 3 mg or 9 mg budesonide. Targeted delivery was achieved by coating the tablets with the ColoPulse technology (ColoPulse 3 mg or ColoPulse 9 mg, respectively). Tablets were tested in a 10-h gastrointestinal simulation system for site-specific release, zero-order release kinetics (R2 ≥ 0.950), release rate, and completeness of release (≥80%). Release profiles of the novel formulations were compared with Entocort, Budenofalk, and Cortiment (budesonide MMX). ColoPulse 3 mg and 9 mg were targeted to the simulated ileo-colon, budesonide release was complete and in a sustained zero-order manner, and both formulations complied with a 6-month accelerated stability study. None of the formulations currently used in clinical practice targeted the ileo-colon. These in vitro results are discussed in light of clinical data. ColoPulse 3 mg and 9 mg are novel interesting formulations for the treatment of the entire ileo-colon in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahez Gareb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gerard Dijkstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jos G W Kosterink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of PharmacoTherapy, -Epidemiology and -Economics, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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158
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An Overview of 3D Printing Technologies for Soft Materials and Potential Opportunities for Lipid-based Drug Delivery Systems. Pharm Res 2018; 36:4. [PMID: 30406349 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2531-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is a rapidly growing additive manufacturing process and it is predicted that the technology will transform the production of goods across numerous fields. In the pharmaceutical sector, 3DP has been used to develop complex dosage forms of different sizes and structures, dose variations, dose combinations and release characteristics, not possible to produce using traditional manufacturing methods. However, the technology has mainly been focused on polymer-based systems and currently, limited information is available about the potential opportunities for the 3DP of soft materials such as lipids. METHODS This review paper emphasises the most commonly used 3DP technologies for soft materials such as inkjet printing, binder jetting, selective laser sintering (SLS), stereolithography (SLA), fused deposition modeling (FDM) and semi-solid extrusion, with the current status of these technologies for soft materials in biological, food and pharmaceutical applications. RESULT The advantages of 3DP, particularly in the pharmaceutical field, are highlighted and an insight is provided about the current studies for lipid-based drug delivery systems evaluating the potential of 3DP to fabricate innovative products. Additionally, the challenges of the 3DP technologies associated with technical processing, regulatory and material issues of lipids are discussed in detail. CONCLUSION The future utility of 3DP for printing soft materials, particularly for lipid-based drug delivery systems, offers great advantages and the technology will potentially support patient compliance and drug effectiveness via a personalised medicine approach.
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159
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Pharmaceutical applications of 3D printing technology: current understanding and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-018-00414-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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160
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Advanced Pharmaceutical Applications of Hot-Melt Extrusion Coupled with Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) 3D Printing for Personalised Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10040203. [PMID: 30356002 PMCID: PMC6321644 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a fabrication process whereby a 3D object is created layer-by-layer by depositing a feedstock material such as thermoplastic polymer. The 3D printing technology has been widely used for rapid prototyping and its interest as a fabrication method has grown significantly across many disciplines. The most common 3D printing technology is called the Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) which utilises thermoplastic filaments as a starting material, then extrudes the material in sequential layers above its melting temperature to create a 3D object. These filaments can be fabricated using the Hot-Melt Extrusion (HME) technology. The advantage of using HME to manufacture polymer filaments for FDM printing is that a homogenous solid dispersion of two or more pharmaceutical excipients i.e., polymers can be made and a thermostable drug can even be introduced in the filament composition, which is otherwise impractical with any other techniques. By introducing HME techniques for 3D printing filament development can improve the bioavailability and solubility of drugs as well as sustain the drug release for a prolonged period of time. The latter is of particular interest when medical implants are considered via 3D printing. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in implementing a continuous manufacturing method on pharmaceutical products development and manufacture, in order to ensure high quality and efficacy with less batch-to-batch variations of the pharmaceutical products. The HME and FDM technology can be combined into one integrated continuous processing platform. This article reviews the working principle of Hot Melt Extrusion and Fused Deposition Modelling, and how these two technologies can be combined for the use of advanced pharmaceutical applications.
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161
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Trenfield SJ, Goyanes A, Telford R, Wilsdon D, Rowland M, Gaisford S, Basit AW. 3D printed drug products: Non-destructive dose verification using a rapid point-and-shoot approach. Int J Pharm 2018; 549:283-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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162
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Development of customised 3D printed biodegradable projectile for administrating extended-release contraceptive to wildlife. Int J Pharm 2018; 548:349-356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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163
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Nielsen LH, Keller SS, Boisen A. Microfabricated devices for oral drug delivery. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:2348-2358. [PMID: 29975383 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00408k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Oral administration of drugs is most convenient for patients and therefore the ultimate goal when developing new medication. The physical barriers in the body, low pH of the stomach and degradation by enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract are a few of the obstacles to succeeding with oral drug delivery. Microfabricated devices show promise to overcome some of these hindrances and thereby improve the bioavailability of drugs after oral administration. There is an increasing focus on microfabricated oral drug delivery systems, and so far there have been three main groups of designs: patch-like structures, microcontainers and microwells. Here, we review the newest development in top-down microfabricated devices for oral drug delivery with coverage of the aspects of design, choice of material and fabrication techniques. Furthermore, the drug loading techniques and methods for testing are discussed. In addition, we discuss the future perspectives for microfabricated devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Hagner Nielsen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 345C, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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164
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Kempin W, Domsta V, Brecht I, Semmling B, Tillmann S, Weitschies W, Seidlitz A. Development of a dual extrusion printing technique for an acid- and thermo-labile drug. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 123:191-198. [PMID: 30031859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last years fused deposition modeling has been increasingly considered as a game-changing technique for the preparation of individualized pharmaceutical products. Until now investigations have mainly focused on dosage forms loaded with very stable drugs or model substances. Going beyond this early stage of research, developers will also have to deal with more challenging active substances. In this work different printing designs for tablets containing the acid- and thermo-labile drug pantoprazole sodium were tested. Initial dual extrusion printing of a cellulose acetate phthalate coat and a tablet core of polyethylene glycol 6000 with 10% (m/m) pantoprazole sodium resulted in thermal degradation of pantoprazole at cellulose acetate phthalate printing temperatures of 141 °C. Therefore, different tablet designs were developed. The sectioning of the design of the tablet coat in a gastro-resistant cellulose acetate phthalate bottom part and an upper nearly insoluble polycaprolactone part printed at only 58 °C was suitable to prevent visible signs of thermal degradation. Dissolution testing indicated also no drug loss during dual extrusion printing. However, printed enteric tablets with shell thicknesses of 0.4 to 0.5 mm were not completely gastro-resistant. Drug release at intestinal pH values was delayed compared to uncoated cores. In conclusion, 3D-printing of gastro-resistant tablets containing thermo- and acid-labile drugs seems in principle possible. However, it remains an unsolved challenge to meet United States Pharmacopeia requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Kempin
- Institute of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Vanessa Domsta
- Institute of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Iris Brecht
- Takeda GmbH, Plant Oranienburg, 16515 Oranienburg, Germany
| | | | - Susan Tillmann
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG Zürich, 8152 Glattpark, Switzerland
| | - Werner Weitschies
- Institute of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anne Seidlitz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
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165
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Jamróz W, Szafraniec J, Kurek M, Jachowicz R. 3D Printing in Pharmaceutical and Medical Applications - Recent Achievements and Challenges. Pharm Res 2018; 35:176. [PMID: 29998405 PMCID: PMC6061505 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Growing demand for customized pharmaceutics and medical devices makes the impact of additive manufacturing increased rapidly in recent years. The 3D printing has become one of the most revolutionary and powerful tool serving as a technology of precise manufacturing of individually developed dosage forms, tissue engineering and disease modeling. The current achievements include multifunctional drug delivery systems with accelerated release characteristic, adjustable and personalized dosage forms, implants and phantoms corresponding to specific patient anatomy as well as cell-based materials for regenerative medicine. This review summarizes the newest achievements and challenges of additive manufacturing in the field of pharmaceutical and biomedical research that have been published since 2015. Currently developed techniques of 3D printing are briefly described while comprehensive analysis of extrusion-based methods as the most intensively investigated is provided. The issue of printlets attributes, i.e. shape and size is described with regard to personalized dosage forms and medical devices manufacturing. The undeniable benefits of 3D printing are highlighted, however a critical view resulting from the limitations and challenges of the additive manufacturing is also included. The regulatory issue is pointed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Jamróz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Szafraniec
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kurek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Renata Jachowicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
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166
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Awad A, Trenfield SJ, Gaisford S, Basit AW. 3D printed medicines: A new branch of digital healthcare. Int J Pharm 2018; 548:586-596. [PMID: 30033380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is a highly disruptive technology with the potential to change the way pharmaceuticals are designed, prescribed and produced. Owing to its low cost, diversity, portability and simplicity, fused deposition modeling (FDM) is well suited to a multitude of pharmaceutical applications in digital health. Favourably, through the combination of digital and genomic technologies, FDM enables the remote fabrication of drug delivery systems from 3D models having unique shapes, sizes and dosages, enabling greater control over the release characteristics and hence bioavailability of medications. In turn, this system could accelerate the digital healthcare revolution, enabling medicines to be tailored to the individual needs of each patient on demand. To date, a variety of FDM 3D printed medical products (e.g. implants) have been commercialised for clinical use. However, within pharmaceuticals, certain regulatory hurdles still remain. This article reviews the current state-of-the-art in FDM technology for medical and pharmaceutical research, including its use for personalised treatments and interconnection within digital health networks. The outstanding challenges are also discussed, with a focus on the future developments that are required to facilitate its integration within pharmacies and hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atheer Awad
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Sarah J Trenfield
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Simon Gaisford
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; FabRx Ltd., 3 Romney Road, Ashford, Kent TN24 0RW, UK
| | - Abdul W Basit
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; FabRx Ltd., 3 Romney Road, Ashford, Kent TN24 0RW, UK.
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167
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Lim SH, Kathuria H, Tan JJY, Kang L. 3D printed drug delivery and testing systems - a passing fad or the future? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 132:139-168. [PMID: 29778901 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The US Food and Drug Administration approval of the first 3D printed tablet in 2015 has ignited growing interest in 3D printing, or additive manufacturing (AM), for drug delivery and testing systems. Beyond just a novel method for rapid prototyping, AM provides key advantages over traditional manufacturing of drug delivery and testing systems. These includes the ability to fabricate complex geometries to achieve variable drug release kinetics; ease of personalising pharmacotherapy for patient and lowering the cost for fabricating personalised dosages. Furthermore, AM allows fabrication of complex and micron-sized tissue scaffolds and models for drug testing systems that closely resemble in vivo conditions. However, there are several limitations such as regulatory concerns that may impede the progression to market. Here, we provide an overview of the advantages of AM drug delivery and testing, as compared to traditional manufacturing techniques. Also, we discuss the key challenges and future directions for AM enabled pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seng Han Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Block S4A, Level 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Himanshu Kathuria
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Block S4A, Level 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Justin Jia Yao Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Block S4A, Level 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Lifeng Kang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, NSW 2006, Australia.
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168
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Kollamaram G, Croker DM, Walker GM, Goyanes A, Basit AW, Gaisford S. Low temperature fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing of thermolabile drugs. Int J Pharm 2018; 545:144-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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169
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On demand manufacturing of patient-specific liquid capsules via co-ordinated 3D printing and liquid dispensing. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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170
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Trenfield SJ, Awad A, Goyanes A, Gaisford S, Basit AW. 3D Printing Pharmaceuticals: Drug Development to Frontline Care. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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171
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Kempin W, Domsta V, Grathoff G, Brecht I, Semmling B, Tillmann S, Weitschies W, Seidlitz A. Immediate Release 3D-Printed Tablets Produced Via Fused Deposition Modeling of a Thermo-Sensitive Drug. Pharm Res 2018; 35:124. [PMID: 29679157 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dissolution speeds of tablets printed via Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) so far are significantly lower compared to powder or granule pressed immediate release tablets. The aim of this work was to print an actual immediate release tablet by choosing suitable polymers and printing designs, also taking into account lower processing temperatures (below 100°C) owing to the used model drug pantoprazole sodium. METHODS Five different pharmaceutical grade polymers polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K12), polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000), Kollidon® VA64, polyethylene glycol 20,000 (PEG 20,000) and poloxamer 407 were successfully hot-melt-extruded to drug loaded filaments and printed to tablets at the required low temperatures. RESULTS Tablets with the polymers PEG 6000 and PVP K12 and with a proportion of 10% pantoprazole sodium (w/w) demonstrated a fast drug release that was completed within 29 min or 10 min, respectively. By reducing the infill rate of PVP tablets to 50% and thereby increase the tablet porosity it was even possible to reduce the mean time for total drug release to only 3 min. CONCLUSIONS The knowledge acquired through this work might be very beneficial for future FDM applications in the field of immediate release tablets especially with respect to thermo-sensitive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Kempin
- Institute of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Vanessa Domsta
- Institute of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Grathoff
- Economic geology and mineralogy, University of Greifswald, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Iris Brecht
- Plant Oranienburg, Takeda GmbH, 16515, Oranienburg, Germany
| | | | - Susan Tillmann
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG Zürich, 8152, Glattpark, Switzerland
| | - Werner Weitschies
- Institute of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anne Seidlitz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17487, Greifswald, Germany.
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172
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A 3D printed bilayer oral solid dosage form combining metformin for prolonged and glimepiride for immediate drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 120:40-52. [PMID: 29678613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Fused Deposition Modelling (a.k.a. FDM-3D printing) has been previously employed in the development of personalized medicines with unique properties and release behavior. In the present work, a bilayer dosage form containing two anti-diabetic drugs with different daily dosage regimens; i.e. metformin and glimepiride, was manufactured via FDM 3D printing, studied using a variety of techniques and characterized in vitro. Metformin and glimepiride were embedded in Eudragit® RL sustained release layer and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) layer respectively. Incorporation of more than one API's into the formulation is desirable, as it increases patient compliance and reduces cost of treatment, especially when distinct dosages of API's can be adjusted individually in situ, in order to meet each patient's specific needs, a capability provided by 3D printing. A number of different preparation methods, which involved different plasticizers and extruders, were tested on manufacturing Eudragit® RL drug-loaded filaments for printing the sustained release layer. The properties of the produced filaments were assessed by means of mechanical and physicochemical characterization techniques and the filaments with the optimum properties were used for printing. Microfocus computed tomography (μCT) imaging-based actual/nominal comparison analysis showed a printing accuracy ranging between -100, +200 μm, while X-ray (XRD) diffractograms revealed the incorporation of the (initially crystalline) API's as amorphous dispersions into polymer matrices. Dissolution tests showed sufficient drug release for both drugs in desired time frames (75 min for glimepiride and 480 min for metformin). The results from the current study emphasize the potentiality of 3D printing technology for tailor-made solid dosage forms for combined pharmacotherapy, even at the cases when API's with different desirable release profiles are employed.
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173
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Arafat B, Qinna N, Cieszynska M, Forbes RT, Alhnan MA. Tailored on demand anti-coagulant dosing: An in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 3D printed purpose-designed oral dosage forms. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 128:282-289. [PMID: 29673871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Coumarin therapy has been associated with high levels of inter- and intra-individual variation in the required dose to reach a therapeutic anticoagulation outcome. Therefore, a dynamic system that is able to achieve accurate delivery of a warfarin dose is of significant importance. Here we assess the ability of 3D printing to fabricate and deliver tailored individualised precision dosing using in-vitro and in-vivo models. Sodium warfarin loaded filaments were compounded using hot melt extrusion (HME) and further fabricated via fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing to produce capsular-ovoid-shaped dosage forms loaded at 200 or 400 µg dose. The solid dosage forms and comparator warfarin aqueous solutions were administered by oral gavage to Sprague-Dawley rats. A novel UV imaging approach indicated that the erosion of the methacrylate matrix was at a rate of 16.4 and 15.2 µm/min for horizontal and vertical planes respectively. In vivo, 3D printed forms were as proportionately effective as their comparative solution form in doubling plasma exposure following a doubling of warfarin dose (184% versus 192% respectively). The 3D printed ovoids showed a lower Cmax of warfarin (1.51 and 3.33 mg/mL versus 2.5 and 6.44 mg/mL) and a longer Tmax (6 and 3.7 versus 4 and 1.5 h) in comparison to liquid formulation. This work demonstrates for the first time in vivo, the potential of FDM 3D printing to produce a tailored specific dosage form and to accurately titrate coumarin dose response to an individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basel Arafat
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK; Faculty of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Nidal Qinna
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Milena Cieszynska
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK
| | - Robert T Forbes
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK
| | - Mohamed A Alhnan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK.
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174
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Fuenmayor E, Forde M, Healy AV, Devine DM, Lyons JG, McConville C, Major I. Material Considerations for Fused-Filament Fabrication of Solid Dosage Forms. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E44. [PMID: 29614811 PMCID: PMC6027190 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Material choice is a fundamental consideration when it comes to designing a solid dosage form. The matrix material will ultimately determine the rate of drug release since the physical properties (solubility, viscosity, and more) of the material control both fluid ingress and disintegration of the dosage form. The bulk properties (powder flow, concentration, and more) of the material should also be considered since these properties will influence the ability of the material to be successfully manufactured. Furthermore, there is a limited number of approved materials for the production of solid dosage forms. The present study details the complications that can arise when adopting pharmaceutical grade polymers for fused-filament fabrication in the production of oral tablets. The paper also presents ways to overcome each issue. Fused-filament fabrication is a hot-melt extrusion-based 3D printing process. The paper describes the problems encountered in fused-filament fabrication with Kollidon® VA64, which is a material that has previously been utilized in direct compression and hot-melt extrusion processes. Formulation and melt-blending strategies were employed to increase the printability of the material. The paper defines for the first time the essential parameter profile required for successful 3D printing and lists several pre-screening tools that should be employed to guide future material formulation for the fused-filament fabrication of solid dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evert Fuenmayor
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland.
| | - Martin Forde
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland.
| | - Andrew V Healy
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland.
| | - Declan M Devine
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland.
| | - John G Lyons
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland.
| | - Christopher McConville
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Ian Major
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland.
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175
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Ehtezazi T, Algellay M, Islam Y, Roberts M, Dempster NM, Sarker SD. The Application of 3D Printing in the Formulation of Multilayered Fast Dissolving Oral Films. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:1076-1085. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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176
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Scoutaris N, Ross SA, Douroumis D. 3D Printed "Starmix" Drug Loaded Dosage Forms for Paediatric Applications. Pharm Res 2018; 35:34. [PMID: 29368113 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2284-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Three- dimensional (3D) printing has received significant attention as a manufacturing process for pharmaceutical dosage forms. In this study, we used Fusion Deposition Modelling (FDM) in order to print "candy - like" formulations by imitating Starmix® sweets to prepare paediatric medicines with enhanced palatability. METHODS Hot melt extrusion processing (HME) was coupled with FDM to prepare extruded filaments of indomethacin (IND), hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) formulations and subsequently feed them in the 3D printer. The shapes of the Starmix® objects were printed in the form of a heart, ring, bottle, ring, bear and lion. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and confocal Raman analysis were used to assess the drug - excipient interactions and the content uniformity. RESULTS Physicochemical analysis showed the presence of molecularly dispersed IND in the printed tablets. In vivo taste masking evaluation demonstrated excellent masking of the drug bitterness. The printed forms were evaluated for drug dissolution and showed immediate IND release independently of the printed shape, within 60 min. CONCLUSIONS 3D printing was used successfully to process drug loaded filaments for the development of paediatric printed tablets in the form of Starmix® designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaos Scoutaris
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Steven A Ross
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Dennis Douroumis
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK.
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177
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Trenfield SJ, Madla CM, Basit AW, Gaisford S. The Shape of Things to Come: Emerging Applications of 3D Printing in Healthcare. 3D PRINTING OF PHARMACEUTICALS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90755-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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178
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Khairuzzaman A. Regulatory Perspectives on 3D Printing in Pharmaceuticals. 3D PRINTING OF PHARMACEUTICALS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90755-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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179
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3D Printing Technologies, Implementation and Regulation: An Overview. 3D PRINTING OF PHARMACEUTICALS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90755-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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180
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Formulation of 3D Printed Tablet for Rapid Drug Release by Fused Deposition Modeling: Screening Polymers for Drug Release, Drug-Polymer Miscibility and Printability. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:390-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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181
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PET/CT imaging of 3D printed devices in the gastrointestinal tract of rodents. Int J Pharm 2018; 536:158-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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182
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Fused Deposition Modelling: Advances in Engineering and Medicine. 3D PRINTING OF PHARMACEUTICALS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90755-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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183
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Sadia M, Arafat B, Ahmed W, Forbes RT, Alhnan MA. Channelled tablets: An innovative approach to accelerating drug release from 3D printed tablets. J Control Release 2018; 269:355-363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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184
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FDM 3D printing of modified drug-delivery systems using hot melt extrusion: a new approach for individualized therapy. Ther Deliv 2017; 8:957-966. [DOI: 10.4155/tde-2017-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The production process of 3D-printed drugs offers unique advantages such as the possibility of individualizing the drug therapy and easily associating different drugs and release technologies in the same pharmaceutical unit. Fused deposition modeling, a 3D printing technique, seems especially interesting for pharmaceutical applications, due to its low cost, precise and reproducible control of the printed structures, and versatility for industrial and laboratory scale. This technique combined with another technology already adapted for the pharmaceutical industry, the hot melt extrusion, is able to incorporate various mechanisms of modified drug release. This special report aims to bring together data of the experimental progress achieved using the fused deposition modeling 3D printing combined with hot melt extrusion technique and its potential in drug delivery. [Formula: see text]
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185
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Palo M, Holländer J, Suominen J, Yliruusi J, Sandler N. 3D printed drug delivery devices: perspectives and technical challenges. Expert Rev Med Devices 2017; 14:685-696. [DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2017.1363647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirja Palo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jenny Holländer
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Suominen
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jouko Yliruusi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niklas Sandler
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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186
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Ligon SC, Liska R, Stampfl J, Gurr M, Mülhaupt R. Polymers for 3D Printing and Customized Additive Manufacturing. Chem Rev 2017; 117:10212-10290. [PMID: 28756658 PMCID: PMC5553103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1165] [Impact Index Per Article: 166.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) alias 3D printing translates computer-aided design (CAD) virtual 3D models into physical objects. By digital slicing of CAD, 3D scan, or tomography data, AM builds objects layer by layer without the need for molds or machining. AM enables decentralized fabrication of customized objects on demand by exploiting digital information storage and retrieval via the Internet. The ongoing transition from rapid prototyping to rapid manufacturing prompts new challenges for mechanical engineers and materials scientists alike. Because polymers are by far the most utilized class of materials for AM, this Review focuses on polymer processing and the development of polymers and advanced polymer systems specifically for AM. AM techniques covered include vat photopolymerization (stereolithography), powder bed fusion (SLS), material and binder jetting (inkjet and aerosol 3D printing), sheet lamination (LOM), extrusion (FDM, 3D dispensing, 3D fiber deposition, and 3D plotting), and 3D bioprinting. The range of polymers used in AM encompasses thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers, hydrogels, functional polymers, polymer blends, composites, and biological systems. Aspects of polymer design, additives, and processing parameters as they relate to enhancing build speed and improving accuracy, functionality, surface finish, stability, mechanical properties, and porosity are addressed. Selected applications demonstrate how polymer-based AM is being exploited in lightweight engineering, architecture, food processing, optics, energy technology, dentistry, drug delivery, and personalized medicine. Unparalleled by metals and ceramics, polymer-based AM plays a key role in the emerging AM of advanced multifunctional and multimaterial systems including living biological systems as well as life-like synthetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Clark Ligon
- Laboratory
for High Performance Ceramics, Empa, The
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
- Institute of Applied
Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science and
Technology, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna A-1060, Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied
Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science and
Technology, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna A-1060, Austria
| | - Jürgen Stampfl
- Institute of Applied
Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science and
Technology, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna A-1060, Austria
| | - Matthias Gurr
- H.
B. Fuller Deutschland GmbH, An der Roten Bleiche 2-3, Lüneburg D-21335, Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Freiburg
Materials Research Center (FMF) and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
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187
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Ligon SC, Liska R, Stampfl J, Gurr M, Mülhaupt R. Polymers for 3D Printing and Customized Additive Manufacturing. Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00074 impact factor 2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Clark Ligon
- Laboratory
for High Performance Ceramics, Empa, The Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Matthias Gurr
- H. B. Fuller Deutschland GmbH, An der Roten Bleiche 2-3, Lüneburg D-21335, Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Freiburg
Materials Research Center (FMF) and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
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188
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Gioumouxouzis CI, Katsamenis OL, Bouropoulos N, Fatouros DG. 3D printed oral solid dosage forms containing hydrochlorothiazide for controlled drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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189
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Fina F, Goyanes A, Gaisford S, Basit AW. Selective laser sintering (SLS) 3D printing of medicines. Int J Pharm 2017; 529:285-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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190
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Goyanes A, Scarpa M, Kamlow M, Gaisford S, Basit AW, Orlu M. Patient acceptability of 3D printed medicines. Int J Pharm 2017; 530:71-78. [PMID: 28750894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Patient-centric medicine is a derivative term for personalised medicine, whereby the pharmaceutical product provides the best overall benefit by meeting the comprehensive needs of the individual; considering the end-user from the beginning of the formulation design process right through development to an end product is a must. One way in which to obtain personalised medicines, on-site and on-demand is by three-dimensional printing (3DP). The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the shape, size and colour of different placebo 3D printed tablets (Printlets™) manufactured by fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3DP on end-user acceptability regarding picking and swallowing. Ten different printlet shapes were prepared by 3DP for an open-label, randomised, exploratory pilot study with 50 participants. Participant-reported outcome (PRO) and researcher reported outcome (RRO) were collected after picking and swallowing of selected printlet geometries including sphere, torus, disc, capsule and tilted diamond shapes. The torus printlet received the highest PRO cores for ease of swallowing and ease of picking. Printlets with a similar appearance to conventional formulations (capsule and disc shape) were also found to be easy to swallow and pick which demonstrates that familiarity is a critical acceptability attribute for end-users. RRO scores were in agreement with the PRO scores. The sphere was not perceived to be an appropriate way of administering an oral solid medicine. Smaller printlet sizes were found to be preferable; however it was found that the perception of size was driven by the type of shape. Printlet colour was also found to affect the perception of the end-user. Our study is the first to guide the pharmaceutical industry towards developing patient-centric medicine in different geometries via 3DP. Overall, the highest acceptability scores for torus printlets indicates that FDM 3DP is a promising fabrication technology towards increasing patient acceptability of solid oral medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariagiovanna Scarpa
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Michael Kamlow
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Simon Gaisford
- FabRx Ltd., 3 Romney Road, Ashford, Kent, TN24 0RW, UK; UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Abdul W Basit
- FabRx Ltd., 3 Romney Road, Ashford, Kent, TN24 0RW, UK; UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Mine Orlu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
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191
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Chai X, Chai H, Wang X, Yang J, Li J, Zhao Y, Cai W, Tao T, Xiang X. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D Printed Tablets for Intragastric Floating Delivery of Domperidone. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2829. [PMID: 28588251 PMCID: PMC5460192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing to prepare intragastric floating sustained release (FSR) tablets. Domperidone (DOM), an insoluble weak base, was chosen as a model drug to investigate the potential of FSR in increasing its oral bioavailability and reducing its administration frequency. DOM was successfully loaded into hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) filaments using hot melt extrusion (HME). The filaments were then printed into hollow structured tablets through changing the shell numbers and the infill percentages. Physical characterization results indicated that the majority of DOM gradually turned into the amorphous form during the fabrication process. The optimized formulation (contain 10% DOM, with 2 shells and 0% infill) exhibited the sustained release characteristic and was able to float for about 10 h in vitro. Radiographic images showed that the BaSO4-labeled tablets were retained in the stomach of rabbits for more than 8 h. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic studies showed the relative bioavailability of the FSR tablets compared with reference commercial tablets was 222.49 ± 62.85%. All the results showed that FDM based 3D printing might be a promising way to fabricate hollow tablets for the purpose of intragastric floating drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyu Chai
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Chai
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Jin Li
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Cai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Tao Tao
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Xiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China.
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192
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Goyanes A, Kobayashi M, Martínez-Pacheco R, Gaisford S, Basit AW. Fused-filament 3D printing of drug products: Microstructure analysis and drug release characteristics of PVA-based caplets. Int J Pharm 2017; 514:290-295. [PMID: 27863674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3-Dimensional (3D) printing is becoming an increasingly important technology in the pharmaceutical sciences, since it allows the manufacture of personalized oral dosage forms by deposition of thin layers of material. Here, a filament extruder was used to obtain filaments of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) containing paracetamol or caffeine appropriate for 3D printing. The filaments were used to manufacture caplets for oral administration by FDM 3D printing, with the aim of evaluating the effect of the internal structure (micropore volume), drug loading and composition on drug dissolution behaviour. Micropore volume of the caplets was primarily determined by the presence of large pores due to gaps in the printed layers/net while printing, and the porosity of the caplets was 10 fold higher than the porosity of the extruded filament. Dynamic dissolution drug release tests on the caplets in biorelevant bicarbonate media revealed distinctive release profiles, which were dependent on drug solubility and drug loading. Porosity of the caplets did not help to predict the different drug release profiles. This study confirms the potential of 3D printing to fabricate caplets and helps to elucidate which factors influence drug release from this type of new dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Goyanes
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK; Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Masanori Kobayashi
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK; Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Labs., Astellas Pharma Inc., 180 Ozumi, Yaizu-shi, Shizuoka 425-0072, Japan
| | - Ramón Martínez-Pacheco
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Simon Gaisford
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK; FabRx Ltd., 3 Romney Road, Ashford, Kent TN24 0RW, UK
| | - Abdul W Basit
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK; FabRx Ltd., 3 Romney Road, Ashford, Kent TN24 0RW, UK.
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193
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Li Q, Wen H, Jia D, Guan X, Pan H, Yang Y, Yu S, Zhu Z, Xiang R, Pan W. Preparation and investigation of controlled-release glipizide novel oral device with three-dimensional printing. Int J Pharm 2017; 525:5-11. [PMID: 28377316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of combining fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing technology with hot melt extrusion (HME) to fabricate a novel controlled-release drug delivery device. Glipizide used in the treatment of diabetes was selected as model drug, and was successfully loaded into commercial polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) filaments by HME method. The drug-loaded filaments were printed through a dual-nozzle 3D printer, and finally formed a double-chamber device composed by a tablet embedded within a larger tablet (DuoTablet), each chamber contains different contents of glipizide. The drug-loaded 3D printed device was evaluated for drug release under in vitro dissolution condition, and we found the release profile fit Korsmeyer-Peppas release kinetics. With the double-chamber design, it is feasible to design either controlled drug release or delayed drug release behavior by reasonably arranging the concentration distribution of the drug in the device. The characteristics of the external layer performed main influence on the release profile of the internal compartment such as lag-time or rate of release. The results of this study suggest the potential of 3D printing to fabricate controlled-release drug delivery system containing multiple drug concentration distributions via hot melt extrusion method and specialized design configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haoyang Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Danyang Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Information, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaoying Guan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hao Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shihui Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Rongwu Xiang
- School of Medical Instrument, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Weisan Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
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194
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Charbe NB, McCarron PA, Lane ME, Tambuwala MM. Application of three-dimensional printing for colon targeted drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm Investig 2017; 7:47-59. [PMID: 28929046 PMCID: PMC5553264 DOI: 10.4103/jphi.jphi_32_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Orally administered solid dosage forms currently dominate over all other dosage forms and routes of administrations. However, human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) poses a number of obstacles to delivery of the drugs to the site of interest and absorption in the GIT. Pharmaceutical scientists worldwide have been interested in colon drug delivery for several decades, not only for the delivery of the drugs for the treatment of colonic diseases such as ulcerative colitis and colon cancer but also for delivery of therapeutic proteins and peptides for systemic absorption. Despite extensive research in the area of colon targeted drug delivery, we have not been able to come up with an effective way of delivering drugs to the colon. The current tablets designed for colon drug release depend on either pH-dependent or time-delayed release formulations. During ulcerative colitis the gastric transit time and colon pH-levels is constantly changing depending on whether the patient is having a relapse or under remission. Hence, the current drug delivery system to the colon is based on one-size-fits-all. Fails to effectively deliver the drugs locally to the colon for colonic diseases and delivery of therapeutic proteins and peptides for systemic absorption from the colon. Hence, to overcome the current issues associated with colon drug delivery, we need to provide the patients with personalized tablets which are specifically designed to match the individual's gastric transit time depending on the disease state. Three-dimensional (3D) printing (3DP) technology is getting cheaper by the day and bespoke manufacturing of 3D-printed tablets could provide the solutions in the form of personalized colon drug delivery system. This review provides a bird's eye view of applications and current advances in pharmaceutical 3DP with emphasis on the development of colon targeted drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin B. Charbe
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paul A. McCarron
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saad Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | | | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saad Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, United Kingdom
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195
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Zema L, Melocchi A, Maroni A, Gazzaniga A. Three-Dimensional Printing of Medicinal Products and the Challenge of Personalized Therapy. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:1697-1705. [PMID: 28347731 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
By 3-dimensional (3D) printing, solid objects of any shape are fabricated through layer-by-layer addition of materials based on a digital model. At present, such a technique is broadly exploited in many industrial fields because of major advantages in terms of reduced times and costs of development and production. In the biomedical and pharmaceutical domains, the interest in 3D printing is growing in step with the needs of personalized medicine. Printed scaffolds and prostheses have partly replaced medical devices produced by more established techniques, and more recently, 3D printing has been proposed for the manufacturing of drug products. Notably, the availability of patient-tailored pharmaceuticals would be of utmost importance for children, elderly subjects, poor and high metabolizers, and individuals undergoing multiple drug treatments. 3D printing encompasses a range of differing techniques, each involving advantages and open issues. Particularly, solidification of powder, extrusion, and stereolithography have been applied to the manufacturing of drug products. The main challenge to their exploitation for personalized pharmacologic therapy is likely to be related to the regulatory issues involved and to implementation of production models that may allow to efficiently turn the therapeutic needs of individual patients into small batches of appropriate drug products meeting preset quality requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Zema
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche "M.E. Sangalli", Via G. Colombo 71, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Alice Melocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche "M.E. Sangalli", Via G. Colombo 71, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Alessandra Maroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche "M.E. Sangalli", Via G. Colombo 71, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Andrea Gazzaniga
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche "M.E. Sangalli", Via G. Colombo 71, Milan 20133, Italy
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196
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Tagami T, Fukushige K, Ogawa E, Hayashi N, Ozeki T. 3D Printing Factors Important for the Fabrication of Polyvinylalcohol Filament-Based Tablets. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:357-364. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuaki Tagami
- Drug Delivery and Nano Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Kaori Fukushige
- Drug Delivery and Nano Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Emi Ogawa
- Drug Delivery and Nano Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Naomi Hayashi
- Drug Delivery and Nano Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Tetsuya Ozeki
- Drug Delivery and Nano Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
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197
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Norman J, Madurawe RD, Moore CM, Khan MA, Khairuzzaman A. A new chapter in pharmaceutical manufacturing: 3D-printed drug products. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 108:39-50. [PMID: 27001902 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
FDA recently approved a 3D-printed drug product in August 2015, which is indicative of a new chapter for pharmaceutical manufacturing. This review article summarizes progress with 3D printed drug products and discusses process development for solid oral dosage forms. 3D printing is a layer-by-layer process capable of producing 3D drug products from digital designs. Traditional pharmaceutical processes, such as tablet compression, have been used for decades with established regulatory pathways. These processes are well understood, but antiquated in terms of process capability and manufacturing flexibility. 3D printing, as a platform technology, has competitive advantages for complex products, personalized products, and products made on-demand. These advantages create opportunities for improving the safety, efficacy, and accessibility of medicines. Although 3D printing differs from traditional manufacturing processes for solid oral dosage forms, risk-based process development is feasible. This review highlights how product and process understanding can facilitate the development of a control strategy for different 3D printing methods. Overall, the authors believe that the recent approval of a 3D printed drug product will stimulate continual innovation in pharmaceutical manufacturing technology. FDA encourages the development of advanced manufacturing technologies, including 3D-printing, using science- and risk-based approaches.
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198
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Zhang J, Feng X, Patil H, Tiwari RV, Repka MA. Coupling 3D printing with hot-melt extrusion to produce controlled-release tablets. Int J Pharm 2016; 519:186-197. [PMID: 28017768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this work was to explore the potential of coupling fused deposition modeling in three-dimensional (3D) printing with hot-melt extrusion (HME) technology to facilitate additive manufacturing, in order to fabricate tablets with enhanced extended release properties. Acetaminophen was used as the model drug and different grades and ratios of polymers were used to formulate tablets. Three-point bending and hardness tests were performed to determine the mechanical properties of the filaments and tablets. 3D-printed tablets, directly compressed mill-extruded tablets, and tablets prepared from a physical mixture were evaluated for drug release rates using a USP-II dissolution apparatus. The surface and cross-sectional morphology of the 3D-printed tablets were assessed by scanning electron microscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the crystal states and thermal properties of materials, respectively. The 3D-printed tablets had smooth surfaces and tight structures; therefore, they showed better extended drug release rates than the directly compressed tablets did. Further, this study clearly demonstrated the feasibility of coupling HME with 3D printing technology, which allows for the formulation of drug delivery systems using different grades and ratios of pharmaceutical polymers. In addition, formulations can be made based on the personal needs of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi, MS, 38677, United States
| | - Xin Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi, MS, 38677, United States
| | - Hemlata Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi, MS, 38677, United States
| | - Roshan V Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi, MS, 38677, United States
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi, MS, 38677, United States; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, United States.
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199
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Okwuosa TC, Pereira BC, Arafat B, Cieszynska M, Isreb A, Alhnan MA. Fabricating a Shell-Core Delayed Release Tablet Using Dual FDM 3D Printing for Patient-Centred Therapy. Pharm Res 2016; 34:427-437. [PMID: 27943014 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-2073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Individualizing gastric-resistant tablets is associated with major challenges for clinical staff in hospitals and healthcare centres. This work aims to fabricate gastric-resistant 3D printed tablets using dual FDM 3D printing. METHODS The gastric-resistant tablets were engineered by employing a range of shell-core designs using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and methacrylic acid co-polymer for core and shell structures respectively. Filaments for both core and shell were compounded using a twin-screw hot-melt extruder (HME). CAD software was utilized to design a capsule-shaped core with a complementary shell of increasing thicknesses (0.17, 0.35, 0.52, 0.70 or 0.87 mm). The physical form of the drug and its integrity following an FDM 3D printing were assessed using x-ray powder diffractometry (XRPD), thermal analysis and HPLC. RESULTS A shell thickness ≥0.52 mm was deemed necessary in order to achieve sufficient core protection in the acid medium. The technology proved viable for incorporating different drug candidates; theophylline, budesonide and diclofenac sodium. XRPD indicated the presence of theophylline crystals whilst budesonide and diclofenac sodium remained amorphous in the PVP matrix of the filaments and 3D printed tablets. Fabricated tablets demonstrated gastric resistant properties and a pH responsive drug release pattern in both phosphate and bicarbonate buffers. CONCLUSIONS Despite its relatively limited resolution, FDM 3D printing proved to be a suitable platform for a single-process fabrication of delayed release tablets. This work reveals the potential of dual FDM 3D printing as a unique platform for personalising delayed release tablets to suit an individual patient's needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tochukwu C Okwuosa
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK
| | - Beatriz C Pereira
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK
| | - Basel Arafat
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK
| | - Milena Cieszynska
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK
| | - Abdullah Isreb
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK
| | - Mohamed A Alhnan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK.
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200
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Sadia M, Sośnicka A, Arafat B, Isreb A, Ahmed W, Kelarakis A, Alhnan MA. Adaptation of pharmaceutical excipients to FDM 3D printing for the fabrication of patient-tailored immediate release tablets. Int J Pharm 2016; 513:659-668. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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