151
|
Study on phonon spectra and heat capacities of CL-20/MTNP cocrystal and co-formers by density functional theory method. J Mol Model 2020; 26:148. [PMID: 32440794 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The phonon spectra and heat capacities of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane/1-methyl-3, 4, 5-trinitropyrazole (CL-20/MTNP) cocrystal and co-formers were calculated in the framework of DFT. By analyzing the phonon density of states (DOS), the energy flow directions and trigger bonds of cocrystal and co-formers have been obtained and the microscopic physical nature was revealed for thermal decomposition mechanism, detonation performance, and sensitivity. For CL-20/MTNP cocrystal, the phonon number of "doorway" modes and the characteristic vibrational frequencies Δωd are between those of its co-formers, which can provide the microscopic understanding for the ordering of impact sensitivity at experiment, ε-CL-20 > CL-20/MTNP > MTNP. In CL-20/MTNP cocrystal, more phonons and stronger phonon DOS peaks of CL-20 molecules than those of MTNP molecules mean cocrystal's detonation performance is mainly dominated by CL-20 molecules. The heat capacities obtained by the Debye model rise with elevated temperatures at 0-600 K and the order is ε-CL-20 > CL-20/MTNP > MTNP. Graphical abstract The phonon spectra and heat capacities of CL-20/MTNP cocrystal and co-formers were calculated by density functional theory (DFT). In CL-20/MTNP cocrystal, the detonation performance and impact sensitivity are mainly dominated by CL-20 molecules. The broken bonds caused by energy transfer may undergo a multi-phonon pumping process.
Collapse
|
152
|
Zhai L, Bi F, Zhang J, Zhang J, Li X, Wang B, Chen S. 3,4-Bis(3-tetrazolylfuroxan-4-yl)furoxan: A Linear C-C Bonded Pentaheterocyclic Energetic Material with High Heat of Formation and Superior Performance. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:11115-11122. [PMID: 32455233 PMCID: PMC7241007 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The design and preparation of new nitrogen-rich heterocyclic compounds are of considerable significance for the development of high-performing energetic materials. By combining nitrogen-rich tetrazole and oxygen-rich furoxan, a linear C-C bonded pentaheterocyclic energetic compound, 3,4-bis(3-tetrazolylfuroxan-4-yl) furoxan (BTTFO), was synthesized using a facile and straightforward method. Comprehensive X-ray analysis reveals the key role of hydrogen bonds, π-π interactions, and short contacts in the formation of dense packing of BTTFO and explains why a long chain-shaped molecule has a high density. This multicyclic structure incorporating three furoxan and two tetrazole moieties results in an exceptionally high heat of formation (1290.8 kJ mol-1) and favorable calculated detonation performances (v D, 8621 m s-1, P, 31.5 GPa). The interesting structure and fascinating properties demonstrated the feasibility of a linear multicyclic approach as a high-energy-density skeleton. Additionally, the thermodynamic parameters, electrostatic potential (ESP), and frontier molecular orbitals were also studied to get a better understanding of structure-property correlations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianjie Zhai
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest
University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Fuqiang Bi
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Junlin Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Jiarong Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Xiangzhi Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Bozhou Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Sanping Chen
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest
University, Xi’an 710127, China
| |
Collapse
|
153
|
Zhang S, Cheng G, Yang H. Studies on the synthesis and properties of nitramino compounds based on tetrazine backbones. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:5590-5596. [PMID: 32271331 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04426d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a series of novel energetic compounds based on the backbone of the tetrazine-triazole structure were successfully synthesized. N,N'-((1,2,4,5-Tetrazine-3,6-diyl)bis(1,2-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-5-yl-3-ylidene))dinitramino (4) was prepared by the nitration of 5,5'-(1,4-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-diyl)bis(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine) (3) with 100% nitric acid and its energetic salts (6-14) were also prepared. All the compounds were fully characterized. The structures of 4 and 5 were further confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The results show that these compounds have high heats of formation ranging from 2.09 to 3.95 kJ g-1, good detonation pressures and detonation velocities and acceptable sensitivities. Among them, compound 4, with low sensitivities (IS: 20 J and FS: 270 N) and excellent detonation properties (vD = 9100 m s-1; P = 34.1 GPa) shows potential for application in the field of highly energetic and insensitive explosives. The hydroxylammonium salt (7) exhibits promising energetic properties, which, in some cases, are superior to those of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
154
|
Zhu S, Ji J, Zhu W. Intermolecular interactions, vibrational spectra, and detonation performance of
CL
‐20/
TNT
cocrystal. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simin Zhu
- Institute for Computation in Molecular and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Jincheng Ji
- Institute for Computation in Molecular and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Weihua Zhu
- Institute for Computation in Molecular and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| |
Collapse
|
155
|
Roohzadeh R, Mahdavi M. Prediction of explosive properties of newly synthesized amino nitroguanidine-based energetic complexes via density functional theory. J Mol Model 2020; 26:104. [PMID: 32306174 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04377-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations were performed to explore four octahedral energetic complexes including [CoCl2 (ANQ)2], [Co (ANQ)2(H2O)2]2+, [CuCl2 (ANQ)2], and [Cu(NO3)2 (ANQ)2], (ANQ = amino nitroguanidine). In this work, an attempt has been made to present useful structural data in order to investigate and predict the explosive properties of these complexes. In this regard, interaction energy (IE), natural bond orbital (NBO), atoms in a molecule (AIM) as well as the three-dimensional Hirshfeld surface analysis and the two-dimensional fingerprint plots, charge transfers, HUMO-LUMO gap, oxygen balance (%OB) amounts, and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps were utilized to assign intermolecular interactions, bond lengths, the nature of metal-ligand bonds, and energies in subject compounds. The results reveal that among the five applied levels of theory, interaction energies obtaining from M06-2X/Def2TZVP were in excellent compliance with the experiments. Additionally, the N⋯O interaction, oxygen balance, density, and HOMO-LUMO gap were the most contributing factors in assigning sensitivity and detonation properties. In general, the sensitivity and detonation properties are increased in the following order: ANQ < complex1 < complex3 < complex2 < complex4. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rouhallah Roohzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, P.O. Box 83145/115, Shahin Shahr, IR, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Department of Chemistry, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, P.O. Box 83145/115, Shahin Shahr, IR, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
156
|
Zhang W, Xia H, Yu R, Zhang J, Wang K, Zhang Q. Synthesis and Properties of 3,6‐Dinitropyrazolo[4,3‐c]‐pyrazole (DNPP) Derivatives. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201900205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenquan Zhang
- Institute of Chemical MaterialsChina Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) Mianyang 621900 China
| | - Honglei Xia
- Institute of Chemical MaterialsChina Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) Mianyang 621900 China
| | - Rujing Yu
- Sichuan Co–Innovation Center for New Energetic MaterialsSouthwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621900 China
| | - Jiaheng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Kangcai Wang
- Institute of Chemical MaterialsChina Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) Mianyang 621900 China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Institute of Chemical MaterialsChina Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) Mianyang 621900 China
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Wang Y, Jin S, Li T, Lan G, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Zhou C, Chen Y. Solubilities of 2,6‐Diamino‐3,5‐dinitropyrazine‐1‐oxide in the Binary Mixtures of DMSO+H
2
O, DMF+H
2
O and NMP+H
2
O in the Temperature Range from 293.15 to 323.15 K under the Atmospheric Pressure. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201900155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiao Wang
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Shaohua Jin
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Tujuan Li
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Guanchao Lan
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhang
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Zhengzheng Zhang
- Research Institute of Gansu Yinguang Chemical Industry Group Baiyin 730900 P. R. China
| | - Chang Zhou
- China Fortune Press Beijing 100070 P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
158
|
Babar D, Garje SS. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Co-Doped Carbon Dots for Selective Detection of Nitro Explosives. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:2710-2717. [PMID: 32095694 PMCID: PMC7033677 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a highly selective and sensitive method has been developed for the detection of trinitrophenol (TNP), which is a dangerous explosive. For this purpose, N and P co-doped carbon dots (NP-Cdots) have been used. Synthesis of N and P co-doped carbon dots has been carried out by a simple and quick method. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis was carried out to detect the doping of N and P. These carbon dots are insoluble in water (inNP-Cdots). These carbon dots were functionalized by treating them with conc. HNO3 so that they become water-soluble (wsNP-Cdots). These dots were characterized by different analytical techniques such as IR, UV-vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The as-prepared wsNP-Cdots have good fluorescence properties. The average diameter of wsNP-Cdots is found to be 5.7 nm with an interlayer spacing (d-spacing) of 0.16 nm. The as-prepared wsNP-Cdots are highly sensitive and selective toward TNP, as observed using a fluorescence quenching technique. The quenching constant for TNP is found to be very high (8.06 × 104 M-1), which indicates its high quenching ability. The limit of detection is found to be 23 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipak
Gorakh Babar
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (E), Mumbai 400 098, India
| | - Shivram S. Garje
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (E), Mumbai 400 098, India
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
Preparation of 1-methyl-2,4,5-trinitroimidazole from derivatives of 1-methylimidazole and its oxidation under nitration conditions. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-020-02622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
160
|
Zhang J, Liu Y, Zhou J, Bi F, Wang B. Effect of Fluoro Substituents on Polynitroarylenes: Design, Synthesis and Theoretical Studies of Fluorinated Nitrotoluenes. Chempluschem 2020; 84:92-97. [PMID: 31950751 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The replacement of traditional polynitroarylenes by their fluorinated derivatives has attracted great attention due to the improvements on detonation performance caused by the fluorine effect. A straightforward synthesis of three novel fluorinated nitrotoluenes with different degrees of nitration was achieved under selected high temperatures. The fluorine exerted remarkable influence on the nitration process through the electron-withdrawing effect and a mechanism of the transformation was proposed according to the experimental results. Thermal decomposition behavior of the fluorinated nitrotoluenes was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and all the compounds showed ideal low melt points for the melt-cast process. X-ray analysis of the fluorinated derivatives were carried out as well as density functional calculations to establish the electronic density and electrostatic potential on the molecular surface of the optimized structures. The good thermal and detonation properties make the newly developed fluorinated nitrotoluenes possible replacements for trinitrotoluene and dinitrotoluene in the formation of melt-cast energetic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Zhang
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an, 710065, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Yingzhe Liu
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an, 710065, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an, 710065, P. R. China
| | - Fuqiang Bi
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an, 710065, P. R. China
| | - Bozhou Wang
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an, 710065, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
161
|
Zohari N, Mohammadkhani FG. Detonation Velocity Assessment of Energetic Cocrystals Using QSPR Approach. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201900202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narges Zohari
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Malek‐Ashtar University of Technology Shahid Shaabanloo street Tehran 15875‐1774 ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN
| | - Faezeh Ghiasvand Mohammadkhani
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Malek‐Ashtar University of Technology Shahid Shaabanloo street Tehran 15875‐1774 ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
Ma W, Yang Y, Zhao F, Xu K, Zhang J, Zhang M, Feng Z. Effects of metal-organic complex Ni(Salen) on thermal decomposition of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7). RSC Adv 2020; 10:1769-1775. [PMID: 35494669 PMCID: PMC9048211 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08973j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of novel combustion catalysts is critical for improving combustion performance of high-energy solid propellants. In this work, a nickel-based Schiff base complex, N,N′-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamino nickel [Ni(Salen)], as a candidate for the combustion catalyst of solid propellants, was synthesized with high purity. The effects of Ni(Salen) on the thermal decomposition reaction of FOX-7, which is closely related to its combustion properties in propellants, were systematically investigated and the corresponding mechanisms were also evaluated through comparison and analysis. Under the action of Ni(Salen), peak temperatures of the two decomposition processes of FOX-7 were reduced from 235.7 and 296.3 °C to 233.7 and 268.7 °C, respectively. The investigations into the mechanisms revealed the interactions between the Schiff base skeleton in Ni(Salen) and FOX-7, which promotes the decomposition of the remaining FOX-7. In addition, it was found that NiO, which was a decomposition product of Ni(Salen), also played an important role in promoting the thermal decomposition of FOX-7. The development of novel combustion catalysts is critical for improving combustion performance of high-energy solid propellants.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Ma
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an Shaanxi 710065 China .,School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
| | - Yanjing Yang
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an Shaanxi 710065 China
| | - Fengqi Zhao
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an Shaanxi 710065 China
| | - Kangzhen Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
| | - Jiankan Zhang
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an Shaanxi 710065 China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an Shaanxi 710065 China
| | - Zhicun Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Liu Y, Xu Y, Sun Q, Lu M. Modification of crystalline energetic salts through polymorphic transition: enhanced crystal density and energy performance. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00056f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We presented a detailed investigation of polymorphic transition of energetic salts and explored a new path for modifying crystalline energetic salts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Yuangang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Qi Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
Jin C, Liu Y, Wang L, Zhang W, Zhang T, Zhu J. Pressure-induced phase transition of 1,5-diamino-1H-tetrazole (DAT) under high pressure. RSC Adv 2020; 10:30069-30076. [PMID: 35518235 PMCID: PMC9056306 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06328b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
DAT experiences phase transitions under pressure related to rotation of NH2 and distortion of the heterocycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jin
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR)
- Beijing
- China
| | - Ying Liu
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR)
- Beijing
- China
| | - Weijing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Tonglai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jinlong Zhu
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR)
- Beijing
- China
- Department of Physics
- Southern University of Science and Technology
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
Orozco-Ic M, Celaya CA, Sundholm D. Calculation of magnetic response properties of tetrazines. RSC Adv 2020; 10:18124-18130. [PMID: 35517234 PMCID: PMC9053762 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01641a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic response properties of 1,2,3,5-tetrazine derivatives including the newly synthesized 4,6-diphenyl-1,2,3,5-tetrazine have been studied computationally at the density functional theory (DFT) level. Calculations of magnetically induced current densities and induced magnetic fields show that the unsubstituted 1,2,3,5-tetrazine is almost as aromatic as benzene. Separating the magnetic shielding functions into molecular orbital components provided additional insights into the magnetic response. The aromatic character estimated from magnetically induced current densities and induced magnetic fields shows that NICSπzz(0) values and ring-current strengths yield about the same degree of aromaticity, whereas NICSzz(0) and NICSzz(1) values are contaminated by σ electron contributions. The studied 1,2,3,5-tetrazine derivatives are less aromatic than the unsubstituted one. Calculations of magnetic response properties of 4,6-diphenyl-1,2,3,5-tetrazine showed that it is the least aromatic among the studied molecules according to the ring-current criterion, while 4,6-[1,2,3,5]-ditetrazinyl-1,2,3,5-tetrazine is as aromatic as 4,6-dimethyl-1,2,3,5-tetrazine and slightly less aromatic than the unsubstituted 1,2,3,5-tetrazine. Magnetic response properties of 1,2,3,5-tetrazine derivatives including the newly synthesized 4,6-diphenyl-1,2,3,5-tetrazine have been studied computationally at the density functional theory level.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mesías Orozco-Ic
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- FIN-00014 Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Christian A. Celaya
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- FIN-00014 Helsinki
- Finland
- Departamento de Materiales de Baja Dimensionalidad
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- FIN-00014 Helsinki
- Finland
| |
Collapse
|
166
|
Mathpati RS, Dharavath S, Kumar N, Ghule VD, Paul AK, Tittal RK. Design, synthesis and investigations of a series of energetic salts through the variation of amines and concentration of picrate anions. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00772b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Eight energetic salts combining N-bases with picrate ion were synthesized in high yields. The structures and energetic properties were regulated by the variation of N-base molecules and the concentration of the picric acid in the reaction mixture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramling S. Mathpati
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra
- Kurukshetra-136119
- India
| | - Srinivas Dharavath
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur-208016
- India
| | - Nikhil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra
- Kurukshetra-136119
- India
| | - Vikas D. Ghule
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra
- Kurukshetra-136119
- India
| | - Avijit Kumar Paul
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra
- Kurukshetra-136119
- India
| | - Ram Kumar Tittal
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra
- Kurukshetra-136119
- India
| |
Collapse
|
167
|
Effect of electric field on polarization and decomposition of RDX molecular crystals: a ReaxFF molecular dynamics study. J Mol Model 2019; 26:2. [PMID: 31834496 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The polarization and decomposition of RDX crystal in external electric fields are simulated using molecular dynamics with ReaxFF force field. The results show that the molecular conformation of RDX is transformed from AAE to AAI in the electric field of 0.45 V/Å due to the polarization. In the process of the decomposition of RDX in the electric field, the energy of the system and the exothermic energy of the reaction increase with the increasing of the electric field intensity, and the overall characteristic time of the initial reaction is shorter than that without electric field, which indicates that the external electric field can greatly accelerate the decomposition reaction of RDX.
Collapse
|
168
|
Liu Y, Zhao G, Yu Q, Tang Y, Imler GH, Parrish DA, Shreeve JM. Intermolecular Weak Hydrogen Bonding (Het-H-N/O): an Effective Strategy for the Synthesis of Monosubstituted 1,2,4,5-Tetrazine-Based Energetic Materials with Excellent Sensitivity. J Org Chem 2019; 84:16019-16026. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingle Liu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu, Zigong 643000, Sichuan, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
| | - Qiong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
| | - Yongxing Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
| | - Gregory H. Imler
- Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6910, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Damon A. Parrish
- Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6910, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Jean’ne M. Shreeve
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
| |
Collapse
|
169
|
Balachandar KG, Thangamani A. Synthesis, spectral, and computational studies of some energetic picrates. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
170
|
Bodaghi A. Designing of energetic miktoarm A
2
B
2
star‐shaped polymer by means of click chemistry and ROP techniques. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Bodaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Qom Qom Iran
| |
Collapse
|
171
|
Ren J, Chen D, Yu Y, Li H. Solubility of dicarbohydrazide bis[3-(5-nitroimino-1,2,4-triazole)] in common pure solvents and binary solvents at different temperatures. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190728. [PMID: 31827826 PMCID: PMC6894552 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The solubility of dicarbohydrazide bis[3-(5-nitroimino-1,2,4-triazole)] (DCBNT) was first measured under the different pure solvents and binary solvents by the dynamic method over the temperature range of 290-360 K at atmospheric pressure. Results in all the solvents were positively correlated with temperature, namely increased with increasing temperature. The experiment data were correlated by the Apelblat equation, the Yaws equation and the polynomial equation. The conclusion showed that these three models all agreed well with the experimental data. Simultaneously, the dissolution enthalpy, dissolution entropy and Gibbs free energy of DCBNT in different solvents were calculated from the solubility data by using the Apelblat model. The results indicate that the dissolution process of DCBNT in these solvents is driven by entropy, which provides theoretical guidance for further research on the crystallization of DCBNT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Ren
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People's Republic of China
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Chen
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwu Yu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhen Li
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People's Republic of China
- Author for correspondence: Hongzhen Li e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
172
|
Karmakar A, Samanta P, Dutta S, Ghosh SK. Fluorescent "Turn-on" Sensing Based on Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs). Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4506-4519. [PMID: 31573139 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have evolved as an exciting class of materials in the domain of porous materials. The unique features of these materials arise from the combined properties of metal ions/clusters and organic struts which form the building blocks of these fascinating architectures. Among other multifarious applications, MOFs have shown tremendous applications as sensory materials for a wide variety of species. The signal transduction induced mechanism in these confined nanospaces generate optical output in response to a particular analyte which can be detected by wide variety of detection techniques. Fluorometric methods of sensing is one of widely studied method over past few decades. MOF-based fluorometric detection is a key research theme developed over the past few years. In this review, we give a brief overview of the recent developments of MOFs as "turn-on" sensors for a wide range of analytes (viz. cations, anions, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), etc.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Partha Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Subhajit Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Sujit K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India.,Centre for Energy Science, IISER, Pune, Pune-, 411008, India
| |
Collapse
|
173
|
Tarchoun AF, Trache D, Klapötke TM, Chelouche S, Derradji M, Bessa W, Mezroua A. A Promising Energetic Polymer fromPosidonia oceanicaBrown Algae: Synthesis, Characterization, and Kinetic Modeling. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fouzi Tarchoun
- UER Procédés EnergétiquesEcole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17 Bordj El‐Bahri 16046 Algiers Algeria
| | - Djalal Trache
- UER Procédés EnergétiquesEcole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17 Bordj El‐Bahri 16046 Algiers Algeria
| | - Thomas M. Klapötke
- Department of ChemistryLudwig Maximilian University, Butenandtstrasse 5–13(D) 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Salim Chelouche
- UER Procédés EnergétiquesEcole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17 Bordj El‐Bahri 16046 Algiers Algeria
| | - Mehdi Derradji
- UER Procédés EnergétiquesEcole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17 Bordj El‐Bahri 16046 Algiers Algeria
| | - Wissam Bessa
- UER Procédés EnergétiquesEcole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17 Bordj El‐Bahri 16046 Algiers Algeria
| | - Abderrahmane Mezroua
- UER Procédés EnergétiquesEcole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17 Bordj El‐Bahri 16046 Algiers Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
174
|
Abstract
Primers are used to reliably initiate a secondary explosive in a wide range of industrial and defence applications. However, established primer technologies pose both direct and indirect risks to health and safety. This review analyses a new generation of primer materials and ignition control mechanisms that have been developed to address these risks in firearms. Electrically or optically initiated metal, oxide and semiconductor-based devices show promise as alternatives for heavy metal percussive primers. The prospects for wider use of low-cost, safe, reliable and non-toxic primers are discussed in view of these developments.
Collapse
|
175
|
Wu Z, Liu N, Zheng W, Chen J, Song X, Wang J, Cui C, Zhang D, Zhao F. Application and Properties of CL‐20/HMX Cocrystal in Composite Modified Double Base Propellants. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201900245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zongkai Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing institute of technology Beijing 102488 PR China
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an 710065 PR China
| | - Ning Liu
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an 710065 PR China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an 710065 PR China
| | - Junbo Chen
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an 710065 PR China
| | - Xiuduo Song
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an 710065 PR China
| | - Jiangning Wang
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an 710065 PR China
| | - Chang Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing institute of technology Beijing 102488 PR China
| | - Dongxiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing institute of technology Beijing 102488 PR China
| | - Fengqi Zhao
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an 710065 PR China
| |
Collapse
|
176
|
Saikia S, Borah R. 2‐Methyl‐1,3‐disulfoimidazolium polyoxometalate hybrid catalytic systems as equivalent safer alternatives to concentrated sulfuric acid in nitration of aromatic compounds. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Saikia
- Department of Chemical SciencesTezpur University Napaam Tezpur 784028 India
| | - Ruli Borah
- Department of Chemical SciencesTezpur University Napaam Tezpur 784028 India
| |
Collapse
|
177
|
Yang H, Su K, Liu C, Ren X. Energetic N‐nitrooxyethylimidazolium Salts: Synthesis, Structures and Properties. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Yang
- School of Material Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010 Sichuan PR China
| | - Ke Su
- School of Material Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010 Sichuan PR China
| | - Cailin Liu
- School of Material Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010 Sichuan PR China
| | - Xianyan Ren
- School of Material Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010 Sichuan PR China
| |
Collapse
|
178
|
de Oliveira RSS, Borges I. Correlation between molecular charge densities and sensitivity of nitrogen-rich heterocyclic nitroazole derivative explosives. J Mol Model 2019; 25:314. [PMID: 31522264 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Nitroazole derivatives are nitrogen-rich heterocyclic ring molecules with potential application as energetic materials. Thirty-three of them-nitroimidazoles, nitrotriazoles, and nitropyrazoles-were investigated. Computed density functional theory molecular charge densities were partitioned employing the accurate distributed multipole analysis (DMA) method. Based on the magnitude of the DMA atom-centered electric multipoles (monopole, dipole, and quadrupole values), mathematical models were developed to compute the impact sensitivity of the explosives composed of these molecules. Charge localization and delocalization of the ring nitrogen atoms as well as charges of the atoms of the nitro group affect the sensitivity of explosives composed of nitroazole derivatives. The sensitivity is strongly dependent on the ring position of the nitrogen atoms and the bonding site of the substituent groups. The N/C ratio and the repulsion of the non-bonding electron pairs of the vicinal nitrogen atoms of the ring also play an important role in the stability of nitroazoles. The influence of the withdrawing group (NO2) and the electron injector groups (NH2 and CH3) including their bonding position on the ring could be quantified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Itamar Borges
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-270, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
179
|
Interaction Mechanisms of Insensitive Explosive FOX-7 and Graphene Oxides from Ab Initio Calculations. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9091290. [PMID: 31505849 PMCID: PMC6781032 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Energetic material–graphene oxide (EM–GO) composites exhibit excellent thermal stability and insensitivity to mechanical stimuli. The interfacial interactions play an important role in affecting the structural and electrical properties of EM–GO composites. FOX-7 crystal with a wave-shaped layer structure is an ideal prototype system for matching with oxygen-rich GO monolayers to form FOX-7–GO composites. Here, we conducted a systematic investigation on FOX-7–GO composites by dispersion-corrected density functional approach. Our results revealed that there exists relatively strong interaction in the FOX-7–GO interface, which stems from the synergistic effect of interfacial charge transfer and hydrogen bonds. The electronic structure analyses demonstrated that GO can hybridize with FOX-7 to reduce charge accumulation on the FOX-7 surface. These theoretical results are useful for clarifying the interfacial effects on the sensitivity of FOX-7–GO composites.
Collapse
|
180
|
Wang Y, Luo T, Song X, Li F. Electrospinning Preparation of NC/GAP/Submicron-HNS Energetic Composite Fiber and its Properties. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:14261-14271. [PMID: 31508550 PMCID: PMC6733313 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, novel three-dimensional nitrocellulose/glycidyl azide polymer/submicron-2,2', 4,4', 6,6'-hexanitro-stilbene (NC/GAP/submicron-HNS) composite fibers were prepared by the electrospinning method. As-prepared NC/GAP/submicron-HNS fibers were continuous and possessed a large specific surface area. The structure of fibers was characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (IR). The results showed that HNS submicron particles were uniformly loaded on the surface of NC/GAP fibers and incorporated with it. Thermal analyses were performed. Such NC/GAP/submicron-HNS fibers showed a low activation energy of 204 kJ·mol-1 and large rate constant of 1.74 s-1, indicating high reactivity and fast reaction rate. The result of TG-IR analysis revealed that the main decomposition products of NC/GAP/submicron-HNS were CO2, CO, H2O, N2O, few NO, and fragments such as -CH2O- and -CH-, which were low-signature gases. An evaluation on the energy performance disclosed that the standard specific impulse (I sp) of NC/GAP/submicron-HNS fibers was 2032 N·s·kg-1, which was higher than 2014 N·s·kg-1 of NC/GAP. This meant the addition of HNS submicron particles to the NC/GAP fiber was favorable to the improvement of energy performance. Additionally, introduction of submicron-HNS made the energetic fibers becoming very insensitive to impact action. It was expected that as-prepared NC/GAP/submicron-HNS membranes were promising materials applied for solid rocket propellant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering and School of Environment and Safety
Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Tingting Luo
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering and School of Environment and Safety
Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Xiaolan Song
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering and School of Environment and Safety
Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Fengsheng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| |
Collapse
|
181
|
Taranto V, Ueland M, Forbes SL, Blanes L. The analysis of nitrate explosive vapour samples using Lab-on-a-chip instrumentation. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1602:467-473. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
182
|
Affiliation(s)
- Pratim Kumar
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, W.B., India
| |
Collapse
|
183
|
Khan RU, Zhu S, Zhu W. DFT studies on nitrogen-rich pyrazino [2, 3-e] [1, 2, 3, 4] tetrazine-based high-energy density compounds. J Mol Model 2019; 25:283. [PMID: 31468179 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
By using the density functional theory method, we investigated the heats of formation (HOFs), electronic structure, detonation properties, thermal stability and sensitivity for a set of pyrazino [2, 3-e] [1, 2, 3, 4] tetrazine derivatives with different substituents and different numbers of N-oxides. Our findings reveal that the HOFs of the derivatives decrease dramatically with the increasing number of N-oxides. The effects of the substituents on the HOMO-LUMO gaps are coupled with those of the N-oxides. The calculated detonation properties point out that -NF2, -ONO2 and an increasing number of N-oxides are very helpful for improving the detonation performance of the designed derivatives. The bond dissociation energies of the weakest bonds indicate that a majority of our designed compounds have better thermal stability. The -NH2 group is very useful to decrease the free space value. Most of the derivatives have higher h50 values compared with parent molecules. Considering the sensitivity, thermal stability and detonation performance, four compounds could be considered as potential candidates of high-energy density compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raza Ullah Khan
- Institute for Computation in Molecular and Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Simin Zhu
- Institute for Computation in Molecular and Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Weihua Zhu
- Institute for Computation in Molecular and Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| |
Collapse
|
184
|
Zhai L, Bi F, Huo H, Luo Y, Li X, Chen S, Wang B. The Ingenious Synthesis of a Nitro-Free Insensitive High-Energy Material Featuring Face-to-Face and Edge-to-Face π-Interactions. Front Chem 2019; 7:559. [PMID: 31448264 PMCID: PMC6692488 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Density, detonation property, and sensitivity may be the most valued features when evaluating an energetic material. By reasoning structure–property relationships, a nitro-free planar energetic material with high nitrogen and oxygen content, 7-hydroxy-difurazano[3,4-b:3′,4′-f]furoxano[3″,4″-d]azepine (4), was synthesized using a unique and facile approach. The structure was fully characterized by IR and NMR spectra, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The expected properties of 4, including a high density of 1.92 g cm−3, high detonation velocity of 8,875 m s−1, and low mechanical sensitivities (impact sensitivity, 21 J and friction sensitivity, >360 N), confirm our strategy. Interestingly, the single-crystal structures of 4 reveal expected face-to-face and edge-to-face π-interactions in the crystal stacking. The remarkable differences in crystal stacking of 4 provide unequivocal evidence that face-to-face π-π interactions contribute significantly to closer assembly and higher density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianjie Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Fuqiang Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Huan Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Yifen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Sanping Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bozhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
185
|
Lee WH, Kwon K. Safe Synthesis of TKX‐50 Using an Insensitive Intermediate. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201900171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Woong Hee Lee
- Department of Energetic Materials & PyrotechnicsHanwha Corporation Defense R&D Center Daejeon 34101 Korea
| | - Kuktae Kwon
- The 4th R&D Institute – 2nd DirectorateAgency for Defense Development Daejeon 34186 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
186
|
Yang F, Chen Y, Zhao C, Zhang L. Studies on the thermal behavior and safety of a novel thermostable explosive BPTAP. RSC Adv 2019; 9:22198-22204. [PMID: 35519480 PMCID: PMC9067122 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03385h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal decomposition of a highly thermostable explosive dihydroxylammonium 2,4,8,10-tetranitro-benzopyrido-1,3a,6,6a-tetraazapentalene (BPTAP) was studied using conventional thermal analysis techniques (Thermal Gravimetric Analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry). To obtain more comprehensive insight into the kinetics mechanism of BPTAP decomposition, thermoanalytical experiments were performed under non-hermetic and hermetic conditions. Several widely used thermoanalytical data processing techniques based on model-free kinetics (Flynn–Wall–Ozawa, Kissinger, Freidman, numerical optimization) were studied and compared. Furthermore, to fully understand the thermal safety property of BPTAP, the kinetic model and the kinetic parameters were evaluated based on the non-isothermal DSC data by using a non-linear optimization method. The kinetic models of thermal decomposition of BPTAP under non-hermetic and hermetic conditions were different, which were identified as the generalized autocatalysis reaction and two parallel generalized autocatalysis reactions, respectively. On the basis of the aforementioned study, two important safety parameters including the time to maximum rate under adiabatic conditions and self-accelerating decomposition temperature for BPTAP in DEWAR were calculated and discussed. The thermal behavior and safety of the novel thermostable explosive BPTAP were evaluated for the first time.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang Sichuan 621900 China
| | - Ya Chen
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang Sichuan 621900 China
| | - Chuande Zhao
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang Sichuan 621900 China
| | - Long Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang Sichuan 621900 China
| |
Collapse
|
187
|
Feng Z, Zhang Y, Li J, Li Y, Zhao F, Xu K. Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution via Chlorinated Nitrated Benzene Derivatives: Four Energetic Ring‐substituted Furazans. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201900048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhicun Feng
- School of Chemical EngineeringNorthwest University Xi'an 710069 P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Chemical EngineeringNorthwest University Xi'an 710069 P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Chemical EngineeringNorthwest University Xi'an 710069 P. R. China
| | - Yanan Li
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an 710065 P. R. China
| | - Fengqi Zhao
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an 710065 P. R. China
| | - Kangzhen Xu
- School of Chemical EngineeringNorthwest University Xi'an 710069 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
188
|
Schutt TC, Shukla MK. Predicting the Impact of Aqueous Ions on Fate and Transport of Munition Compounds in the Environment. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:4973-4979. [PMID: 31070365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A model framework for natural water has been developed using computational chemistry techniques to elucidate the interactions between solvated munition compounds and eight common ions in naturally occurring water sources. The interaction energies, residence times, coordination statistics, and surface preferences of nine munition-related compounds with each ion were evaluated. The propensity of these interactions to increase degradation of the munition compound was predicted using accelerated replica QM/MM simulations. The degradation prediction data qualitatively align with previous quantum mechanical studies. The results suggest that primary ions of interest for fate and transport modeling of munition compounds in natural waters may follow the relative importance of SO42-, Cl- ≫ HCO3-, Na+, Mg2+ > Ca2+, K+, and NH4+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Schutt
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center , Environmental Laboratory , 3909 Halls Ferry Road , Vicksburg , Mississippi 39180 , United States
| | - Manoj K Shukla
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center , Environmental Laboratory , 3909 Halls Ferry Road , Vicksburg , Mississippi 39180 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
189
|
Zhang W, Li T, Zhang B, Wang L, Zhang T, Zhang J. Planar, Energetic, π–π-Stacked Compound with Weak Interactions Resulting in a High-Impact- and Low-Friction-Sensitive, Safer, Primary Explosive. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:7653-7656. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Tonglai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
190
|
Yang T, Xu Z, Meng Z, Zhai L. A Novel Synthesis, Characterization and Performances of 1,3,5‐Trinitro‐2,2‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐1,3,5‐triazinane. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Zihui Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Lianjie Zhai
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
191
|
Sheibani N. Heat of Formation Assessment of Organic Azido Compounds Used as Green Energetic Plasticizers by QSPR Approaches. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201900082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Sheibani
- Chemometrics Research Group, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringMalek-Ashtar University of Technology Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
192
|
Rylott EL, Bruce NC. Right on target: using plants and microbes to remediate explosives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:1051-1064. [PMID: 31056922 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1606783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
While the immediate effect of explosives in armed conflicts is frequently in the public eye, until recently, the insidious, longer-term corollaries of these toxic compounds in the environment have gone largely unnoticed. Now, increased public awareness and concern are factors behind calls for more effective remediation solutions to these global pollutants. Scientists have been working on bioremediation projects in this area for several decades, characterizing genes, biochemical detoxification pathways, and field-applicable plant species. This review covers the progress made in understanding the fundamental biochemistry behind the detoxification of explosives, including new shock-insensitive explosive compounds; how field-relevant plant species have been characterized and genetically engineered; and the major roles that endophytic and rhizospheric microorganisms play in the detoxification of organic pollutants such as explosives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Rylott
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York , York , UK
| | - Neil C Bruce
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York , York , UK
| |
Collapse
|
193
|
Pittman KM, McAlexander HR, Tschumper GS, Shukla MK. Computational Investigation on Electronic Structures and Properties of 4,6-Bis(nitroimino)-1,3,5-triazinan-2-one: An Insensitive Munition Compound. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:3504-3509. [PMID: 30920835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to minimize unintentional detonation, munitions researchers have focused on the development of chemical compounds that are insensitive to external stimuli while maintaining their effectiveness. Although these compounds, known as high-performance insensitive munition compounds, are promising in terms of potency and stability, their environmental impacts have either not been fully understood or are yet to be investigated. In the present research, we have performed a quantum chemical investigation on electronic structures and properties of an insensitive munition compound 4,6-bis(nitroimino)-1,3,5-triazinan-2-one (DNAM). The density functional theory using the B3LYP and M06-2X functionals and MP2 methodology were used for geometry optimization of various tautomeric forms of DNAM. The effect of bulk water solution was evaluated using the conductor-like polarizable continuum model and the density-based solvation model. Ionization potentials, electron affinities, redox properties, and p Ka values were also computed and compared with the available experimental data. These physical and chemical properties of DNAM have been discussed with regard to the varying tautomeric forms in which DNAM can exist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina M Pittman
- Environmental Laboratory , US Army Engineer Research and Development Center , Vicksburg , Mississippi 39180 , United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677-1848 , United States
| | - Harley R McAlexander
- Environmental Laboratory , US Army Engineer Research and Development Center , Vicksburg , Mississippi 39180 , United States
| | - Gregory S Tschumper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677-1848 , United States
| | - Manoj K Shukla
- Environmental Laboratory , US Army Engineer Research and Development Center , Vicksburg , Mississippi 39180 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
194
|
Liu W, Xu Z, Wang R, Zhang C, Yan Q, Meng Z. Synthesis, Hydrolysis, Reduction and Nitrolysis of Glycoluril‐Derived Precursors: Another Attempt toward the Synthesis of Nitramine Explosives. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 5 South Zhongguancun Street Beijing 100081 P.R. China
| | - Zhibin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 5 South Zhongguancun Street Beijing 100081 P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 5 South Zhongguancun Street Beijing 100081 P.R. China
| | - Chenfan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 5 South Zhongguancun Street Beijing 100081 P.R. China
| | - Qiaoli Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 5 South Zhongguancun Street Beijing 100081 P.R. China
| | - Zihui Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 5 South Zhongguancun Street Beijing 100081 P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
195
|
Şen N. Characterization and properties of a new energetic co-crystal composed of trinitrotoluene and 2,6-diaminotoluene. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
196
|
Hou X, Guo Z, Yang L, Ma H. Four three-dimensional metal–organic frameworks assembled from 1H-tetrazole: Synthesis, crystal structures and thermal properties. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
197
|
Zhang GY, Yang L, Tong WC, Han JM, Song NM. Cocrystallization of energetic Mn(II) complex with nitrogen-rich ligand SCZ and oxygen-rich ligand TNR. J COORD CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2019.1575962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wen-Chao Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ji-Min Han
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Nai-Meng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
198
|
One-pot hydrothermal synthesis of reduced graphene oxide/zinc ferrite nanohybrids and its catalytic activity on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
199
|
Xu H, Peng L, Wang J, Ren H, Zhu Q, Li X. Relationship between Energetic Performance and Clustering Effects on Incremental Nitramine Groups: A Theoretical Perspective. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:742-749. [PMID: 30615442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b10647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nitramine compounds are typical high-energy-density materials (HEDMs) and are widely used as explosives because of their superior explosive performance over conventional energetic materials. In this work, the thermal properties of 1-nitropiperidine (NPIP), 1,4-dinitropiperazine (DNP), and 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX) were investigated from quantum mechanics (QM) and reactive force field (ReaxFF) molecular dynamics simulations. We found that the bond dissociation energy of the N-NO2 bond, heat of formation, released energy, produced fragments, and oxygen balance are closely related to the incremental nitramine group. The nitramine group has a significant effect on the energetic performance of these nitramine compounds. In addition, the increase of the nitramine group will improve thermal decomposition activity, promote the generation of small molecules, and restrain the formation of carbon clusters. We hope that this work can shed new light on the design of energetic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huajie Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , People's Republic of China
| | - Haisheng Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyuan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
200
|
Xu Y, Li D, Lin Q, Wang P, Lu M. From BTO2− to HBTO− insensitive energetic salt: a route to boost energy. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00690g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A promising strategy was utilized to boost the detonation performance of insensitive energetic salts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuangang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Dongxue Li
- China National Quality Supervision Testing Center for Industrial Explosive Materials
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Qiuhan Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| |
Collapse
|