Innovations in value-addition of edible meat by-products

Characterization of Hanwoo Bovine By-products by Means of Yield, Physicochemical and Nutritional Compositions

Though the edible bovine by-products are widely used for human consumption in most countries worldwide but the scientific information regarding the nutritional quality of these by-products is scarce. In the present study, the basic information regarding the yields, physicochemical and nutritional compositions of edible Hanwoo bovine by-products was studied. Our results showed that the yields, physicochemical and nutritional composition widely varied between the by-products examined. The highest pH values were found in rumen, reticulum, omasum and reproductive organ. Heart, liver, kidney and spleen had the lowest CIE L* values and highest CIE a* values. Liver had the highest vitamin A, B2 and niacin contents whereas the highest B1 and B5 contents were found in kidney. The highest Ca content was found in rumen, reticulum, omasum, head and leg while the highest Mn and Fe contents were found in rumen, omasum and spleen, respectively. Liver had the highest Cu content. Total essential amino acids (EAA)/amino acids (AA) ratios ranged between the by-products from 38.37% to 47.41%. Total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) levels ranged between the by-products from 2.26% to 26.47%, and most by-products showed favorable PUFA/SFA ratios. It is concluded that most of by-products examined are good sources of essential nutrients and these data will be of great importance for promotion of consumption and utilization of beef by-products in future.

Characterization of Edible Pork By-products by Means of Yield and Nutritional Composition

Basic information regarding the yield and nutritional composition of edible pork by-products, namely heart, liver, lung, stomach, spleen, uterus, pancreas, and small and large intestines, was studied. Our results revealed that the yields varied widely among the pork by-products examined; in particular, liver had the highest yield (1.35%); whereas, spleen had the lowest yield (0.16%). The approximate composition range (minimum to maximum) of these by-products was found to be: moisture 71.59-82.48%; fat 0.28-19.54%; ash 0.155-1.34%, and protein 8.45-22.05%. The highest protein, vitamin A, B2, B6, and total essential amino acid (EAA) contents were found in liver. Large intestine had the highest fat content and lowest EAA content. Heart had the highest vitamin B1 content, whereas pancreas had the highest niacin and vitamin B3 contents. The concentrations of Fe and Zn were highest in liver and pancreas. Total saturated fatty acids (SFA) levels and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) levels between the by-products ranged from 43.15-50.48%, and 14.92-30.16%, respectively. Furthermore, with the exception of large intestine, all the by-products showed favorable PUFA/SFA ratios. The study indicated that almost all of the pork by-products examined were good sources of important nutrients, and that these data will be of great importance in the promotion of the consumption of edible pork by-products, as well as their utilization in meat processing.

Rendimentos de carcaça, cortes comerciais e não-componentes da carcaça de cordeiros Santa Inês alimentados com feno de erva-sal e concentrado

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os rendimentos de carcaça, cortes comerciais e não-componentes da carcaça de cordeiros Santa Inês alimentados com 30, 40, 50 e 60% de feno de erva-sal associado a concentrado. Foram utilizados 32 ovinos machos castrados, com 8 meses de idade e peso inicial de 22 + 1,97kg, confinados individualmente e abatidos após 60 dias de confinamento. Os pesos de carcaça quente e fria decresceram linearmente com o aumento de feno de erva-sal na dieta, no entanto, não houve efeito para o rendimento verdadeiro de carcaça (59,42%) e dos cortes: paleta (19,26%), pescoço (8,52%), costelas (26,57%) e perna (33,88%). Houve efeito linear decrescente para área de olho de lombo e espessura de gordura à medida que o nível de feno de erva-sal aumentou na dieta. Os pesos e os rendimentos de pele, fígado, coração, rins com gordura perirrenal e gorduras omental e mesentérica decresceram linearmente com a inclusão de feno de erva-sal na dieta, enquanto o conteúdo (%) do trato gastrintestinal aumentou. O aumento da proporção de feno de erva-sal na dieta de cordeiros proporciona adequados rendimentos verdadeiros de carcaça e dos cortes comerciais, no entanto, reduz a área de olho de lombo e a espessura de gordura subcutânea, medidas importantes na avaliação qualitativa da carcaça ovina.

Proteolysis of meat and bone meal to increase utilisation

Meat and bone meal (MBM), an important by-product of the meat industry, is the ground, rendered remainder of farm animals after removal of the hide and meat. Most protein in MBM is insoluble, which limits its usefulness. Defatted, milled porcine MBM was subjected to saturating amounts of trypsin, a selective protease, and subtilisin, a protease with broad selectivity. Samples were withdrawn over a 48-h time course of hydrolysis and filtered to remove insoluble material. The rate at which the MBM protein was converted to a soluble form was equivalent for both proteases. Over the time course, trypsin generated fewer free amino groups than did subtilisin, and at a specified time, the molecular weight (MW) of the soluble trypsin hydrolysate was higher than that of the subtilisin hydrolysate. Assay of amino group formation showed that the proteases were still active even after soluble protein generation had ceased. The hydrolysates are useful for a variety of food and non-food uses. The hydrolysates were tested for flocculation activity in an ongoing effort to find sources for renewable flocculant. Kaolin flocculant activity was observed with the soluble fraction obtained before hydrolysis of MBM and also observed with the relatively high MW hydrolysates from short treatment with trypsin and subtilisin. Low MW fractions obtained from by subtilisin treatment at 30–48 h also showed kaolin-settling ability, probably through a coagulation or charge neutralisation process.