151
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Haj-Yahya M, Lashuel HA. Protein Semisynthesis Provides Access to Tau Disease-Associated Post-translational Modifications (PTMs) and Paves the Way to Deciphering the Tau PTM Code in Health and Diseased States. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6611-6621. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Haj-Yahya
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hilal A. Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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152
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Yin J, Han P, Song M, Nielsen M, Beach TG, Serrano GE, Liang WS, Caselli RJ, Shi J. Amyloid-β Increases Tau by Mediating Sirtuin 3 in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:8592-8601. [PMID: 29574628 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) has neuroprotective effects in regulating oxidative stress and energy metabolism, both of which are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it is unclear whether Sirt3 is associated with cognitive performance and pathological changes in AD. We conducted a case-control study of the postmortem brains of AD (n = 16), mild cognitive impairment (n = 13), and age- and education-matched cognitively normal (CN, n = 11) subjects. We measured the mRNA and protein levels of Sirt3 and assessed their association with cognitive performance and AD pathology. In an ex vivo model of cortical neurons from transgenic mice that carry human tau protein, we modified Sirt3 expression by genetic knockdown and knock-in to investigate the cause-effect relationship between Sirt3 and tau. Sirt3 levels were reduced in the entorhinal cortex, the middle temporal gyrus, and the superior frontal gyrus of AD subjects compared to those of CN. This reduction was associated with poorer test scores of neuropsychological evaluation and the severity of tau pathology. Further study with genetic manipulation of Sirt3 revealed that amyloid-β increased levels of total tau acetylated tau through its modulation of Sirt3. These data suggest that reduction of Sirt3 is critically involved in pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiang Yin
- Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Pengcheng Han
- Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Melissa Song
- Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Megan Nielsen
- Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Geidy E Serrano
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Winnie S Liang
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Jiong Shi
- Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA. .,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China. .,Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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153
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Sen T, Saha P, Sen N. Nitrosylation of GAPDH augments pathological tau acetylation upon exposure to amyloid-β. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/522/eaao6765. [PMID: 29559585 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aao6765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Acetylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau promotes its polymerization into neurofibrillary tangles that are implicated in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The gaseous neurotransmitter nitric oxide (NO) regulates cell signaling through the nitrosylation of proteins. We found that NO production and tau acetylation at Lys280 occurred in the brain tissue in mice and in cultured mouse cortical neurons in response to exposure to amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ1-42), a peptide that is also implicated in AD. An increased abundance of NO facilitated the S-nitrosylation (SNO) of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). S-nitrosylated GAPDH (GAPDH-SNO) promoted the acetylation and activation of the acetyltransferase p300 and facilitated the nitrosylation and inactivation of the deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). The abundance of GAPDH-SNO was increased in postmortem brain samples from AD patients. Preventing the increase in GAPDH-SNO abundance in both cultured neurons and mice, either by overexpression of the nitrosylation mutant of GAPDH (GAPDH C150S) or by treatment with the GAPDH nitrosylation inhibitor CGP3466B (also known as omigapil), abrogated Aβ1-42-induced tau acetylation, memory impairment, and locomotor dysfunction in mice, suggesting that this drug might be repurposed to treat patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanusree Sen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Pampa Saha
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Nilkantha Sen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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154
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SIRT1 Deacetylates Tau and Reduces Pathogenic Tau Spread in a Mouse Model of Tauopathy. J Neurosci 2018; 38:3680-3688. [PMID: 29540553 PMCID: PMC5895994 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2369-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperacetylation of tau has been implicated in neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in tauopathy brains. The nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide-dependent class-III protein deacetylase SIRT1 is one of the major enzymes involved in removal of acetyl groups from tau in vitro However, whether SIRT1 regulates acetylation of pathogenic tau and ameliorates tau-mediated pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we report deacetylating activity of SIRT1 for acetylated Lys174 (K174) of tau in tauP301S transgenic mice with a brain-specific SIRT1 deletion. We show that SIRT1 deficiency leads to exacerbation of premature mortality, synapse loss, and behavioral disinhibition in tauP301S transgenic mice of both sexes. By contrast, SIRT1 overexpression by stereotaxic delivery of adeno-associated virus that encodes SIRT1 into the hippocampus reduces acetylated K174 tau. Furthermore, SIRT1 overexpression significantly attenuates the spread of tau pathology into anatomically connected brain regions of tauP301S transgenic mice of both sexes. These findings suggest the functional importance of SIRT1 in regulating pathogenic tau acetylation and in suppressing the spread of tau pathology in vivoSIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In neurodegenerative disorders with inclusions of microtubule-associated protein tau, aberrant lysine acetylation of tau plays critical roles in promoting tau accumulation and toxicity. Identifying strategies to deacetylate tau could interfere with disease progression; however, little is known about how pathogenic tau is deacetylated in vivo Here we show that the protein deacetylase SIRT1 reduces tau acetylation in a mouse model of neurodegeneration. SIRT1 deficiency in the brain aggravates synapse loss and behavioral disinhibition, and SIRT1 overexpression ameliorates propagation of tau pathology.
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155
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Iqbal K, Liu F, Gong CX. Recent developments with tau-based drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:399-410. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1445084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Iqbal
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Cheng-Xin Gong
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
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156
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Porter T, Villemagne VL, Savage G, Milicic L, Ying Lim Y, Maruff P, Masters CL, Ames D, Bush AI, Martins RN, Rainey-Smith S, Rowe CC, Taddei K, Groth D, Verdile G, Burnham SC, Laws SM. Cognitive gene risk profile for the prediction of cognitive decline in presymptomatic Alzheimer’s disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmip.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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157
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Jha SK, Jha NK, Kumar D, Sharma R, Shrivastava A, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Stress-Induced Synaptic Dysfunction and Neurotransmitter Release in Alzheimer's Disease: Can Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators be Potential Therapeutic Targets? J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 57:1017-1039. [PMID: 27662312 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The communication between neurons at synaptic junctions is an intriguing process that monitors the transmission of various electro-chemical signals in the central nervous system. Albeit any aberration in the mechanisms associated with transmission of these signals leads to loss of synaptic contacts in both the neocortex and hippocampus thereby causing insidious cognitive decline and memory dysfunction. Compelling evidence suggests that soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau serve as toxins in the dysfunction of synaptic plasticity and aberrant neurotransmitter (NT) release at synapses consequently causing a cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Further, an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission systems induced by impaired redox signaling and altered mitochondrial integrity is also amenable for such abnormalities. Defective NT release at the synaptic junction causes several detrimental effects associated with altered activity of synaptic proteins, transcription factors, Ca2+ homeostasis, and other molecules critical for neuronal plasticity. These detrimental effects further disrupt the normal homeostasis of neuronal cells and thereby causing synaptic loss. Moreover, the precise mechanistic role played by impaired NTs and neuromodulators (NMs) and altered redox signaling in synaptic dysfunction remains mysterious, and their possible interlink still needs to be investigated. Therefore, this review elucidates the intricate role played by both defective NTs/NMs and altered redox signaling in synaptopathy. Further, the involvement of numerous pharmacological approaches to compensate neurotransmission imbalance has also been discussed, which may be considered as a potential therapeutic approach in synaptopathy associated with AD.
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158
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Ali I, Conrad RJ, Verdin E, Ott M. Lysine Acetylation Goes Global: From Epigenetics to Metabolism and Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1216-1252. [PMID: 29405707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational acetylation of lysine residues has emerged as a key regulatory mechanism in all eukaryotic organisms. Originally discovered in 1963 as a unique modification of histones, acetylation marks are now found on thousands of nonhistone proteins located in virtually every cellular compartment. Here we summarize key findings in the field of protein acetylation over the past 20 years with a focus on recent discoveries in nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial compartments. Collectively, these findings have elevated protein acetylation as a major post-translational modification, underscoring its physiological relevance in gene regulation, cell signaling, metabolism, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibraheem Ali
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology , San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,University of California, San Francisco , Department of Medicine, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Ryan J Conrad
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology , San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,University of California, San Francisco , Department of Medicine, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging , Novato, California 94945, United States
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology , San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,University of California, San Francisco , Department of Medicine, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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159
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Porter T, Burnham SC, Doré V, Savage G, Bourgeat P, Begemann K, Milicic L, Ames D, Bush AI, Maruff P, Masters CL, Rowe CC, Rainey-Smith S, Martins RN, Groth D, Verdile G, Villemagne VL, Laws SM. KIBRA is associated with accelerated cognitive decline and hippocampal atrophy in APOE ε4-positive cognitively normal adults with high Aβ-amyloid burden. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2034. [PMID: 29391469 PMCID: PMC5794989 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A single nucleotide polymorphism, rs17070145, in the KIdney and BRAin expressed protein (KIBRA) gene has been associated with cognition and hippocampal volume in cognitively normal (CN) individuals. However, the impact of rs17070145 on longitudinal cognitive decline and hippocampal atrophy in CN adults at greatest risk of developing Alzheimer's disease is unknown. We investigated the impact rs17070145 has on the rate of cognitive decline and hippocampal atrophy over six years in 602 CN adults, with known brain Aβ-amyloid levels and whether there is an interactive effect with APOE genotype. We reveal that whilst limited independent effects of KIBRA genotype were observed, there was an interaction with APOE in CN adults who presented with high Aβ-amyloid levels across study duration. In comparison to APOE ε4-ve individuals carrying the rs17070145-T allele, significantly faster rates of cognitive decline (global, p = 0.006; verbal episodic memory, p = 0.004), and hippocampal atrophy (p = 0.04) were observed in individuals who were APOE ε4 + ve and did not carry the rs17070145-T allele. The observation of APOE effects in only non-carriers of the rs17070145-T allele, in the presence of high Aβ-amyloid suggest that carriers of the rs17070145-T allele are conferred a level of resilience to the detrimental effects of high Aβ-amyloid and APOE ε4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenielle Porter
- Collaborative Genomics Group, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027, Western Australia, Australia.,Co-operative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton South, 3053 Victoria, Australia
| | - Samantha C Burnham
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia.,Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Vincent Doré
- eHealth, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Herston, 4029, QLD, Australia.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, 3084, Victoria, Australia
| | - Greg Savage
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, 2113, NSW, Australia
| | - Pierrick Bourgeat
- eHealth, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Herston, 4029, QLD, Australia
| | - Kimberly Begemann
- Collaborative Genomics Group, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lidija Milicic
- Collaborative Genomics Group, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Ames
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, St. Vincent's Health, The University of Melbourne, Kew, 3101, Victoria, Australia.,National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Maruff
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia.,CogState Ltd., Melbourne, 3000, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher C Rowe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, 3084, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, 3084, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie Rainey-Smith
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Groth
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, 3084, Victoria, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, 3084, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon M Laws
- Collaborative Genomics Group, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027, Western Australia, Australia. .,Co-operative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton South, 3053 Victoria, Australia. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Western Australia, Australia.
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160
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Jurado S. AMPA Receptor Trafficking in Natural and Pathological Aging. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 10:446. [PMID: 29375307 PMCID: PMC5767248 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) enable most excitatory transmission in the brain and are crucial for mediating basal synaptic strength and plasticity. Because of the importance of their function, AMPAR dynamics, activity and subunit composition undergo a tight regulation which begins as early as prenatal development and continues through adulthood. Accumulating evidence suggests that the precise regulatory mechanisms involved in orchestrating AMPAR trafficking are challenged in the aging brain. In turn dysregulation of AMPARs can be linked to most neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding the mechanisms that govern AMPAR signaling during natural and pathological cognitive decline will guide the efforts to develop most effective ways to tackle neurodegenerative diseases which are one of the primary burdens afflicting an increasingly aging population. In this review, I provide a brief overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in AMPAR trafficking highlighting what is currently known about how these processes change with age and disease. As a particularly well-studied example of AMPAR dysfunction in pathological aging I focus in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with special emphasis in how the production of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and amyloid-β plaques may contribute to disruption in AMPAR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Jurado
- Instituto de Neurociencias CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
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161
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Stepan J, Anderzhanova E, Gassen NC. Hippo Signaling: Emerging Pathway in Stress-Related Psychiatric Disorders? Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:715. [PMID: 30627107 PMCID: PMC6309125 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovery of the Hippo pathway and its core components has made a significant impact on our progress in the understanding of organ development, tissue homeostasis, and regeneration. Upon diverse extracellular and intracellular stimuli, Hippo signaling regulates stemness, cell proliferation and apoptosis by a well-conserved signaling cascade, and disruption of these systems has been implicated in cancer as well as metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. The central role of Hippo signaling in cell biology also results in prominent links to stress-regulated pathways. Genetic variations, epigenetically provoked upregulation of Hippo pathway members and dysregulation of cellular processes implicated in learning and memory, are linked to an increased risk of stress-related psychiatric disorders (SRPDs). In this review, we summarize recent findings, supporting the role of Hippo signaling in SRPDs by canonical and non-canonical Hippo pathway interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Stepan
- Department Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Elmira Anderzhanova
- Clinic and Polyclinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bonn University Clinic, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nils C Gassen
- Clinic and Polyclinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bonn University Clinic, Bonn, Germany
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162
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Polanco JC, Li C, Bodea LG, Martinez-Marmol R, Meunier FA, Götz J. Amyloid-β and tau complexity — towards improved biomarkers and targeted therapies. Nat Rev Neurol 2017; 14:22-39. [DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2017.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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163
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Multivalent cross-linking of actin filaments and microtubules through the microtubule-associated protein Tau. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1981. [PMID: 29215007 PMCID: PMC5719408 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02230-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated proteins regulate microtubule dynamics, bundle actin filaments, and cross-link actin filaments with microtubules. In addition, aberrant interaction of the microtubule-associated protein Tau with filamentous actin is connected to synaptic impairment in Alzheimer’s disease. Here we provide insight into the nature of interaction between Tau and actin filaments. We show that Tau uses several short helical segments to bind in a dynamic, multivalent process to the hydrophobic pocket between subdomains 1 and 3 of actin. Although a single Tau helix is sufficient to bind to filamentous actin, at least two, flexibly linked helices are required for actin bundling. In agreement with a structural model of Tau repeat sequences in complex with actin filaments, phosphorylation at serine 262 attenuates binding of Tau to filamentous actin. Taken together the data demonstrate that bundling of filamentous actin and cross-linking of the cellular cytoskeleton depend on the metamorphic and multivalent nature of microtubule-associated proteins. The microtubule associated protein Tau also interacts with filamentous actin. Here the authors combine biophysical experiments and NMR studies to characterize the structural changes that occur in Tau upon binding to filamentous actin and show that phosphorylation of serine 262 attenuates actin binding of Tau.
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164
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Kaluski S, Portillo M, Besnard A, Stein D, Einav M, Zhong L, Ueberham U, Arendt T, Mostoslavsky R, Sahay A, Toiber D. Neuroprotective Functions for the Histone Deacetylase SIRT6. Cell Rep 2017; 18:3052-3062. [PMID: 28355558 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The histone deacetylase SIRT6 promotes DNA repair, but its activity declines with age with a concomitant accumulation of DNA damage. Furthermore, SIRT6 knockout mice exhibit an accelerated aging phenotype and die prematurely. Here, we report that brain-specific SIRT6-deficient mice survive but present behavioral defects with major learning impairments by 4 months of age. Moreover, the brains of these mice show increased signs of DNA damage, cell death, and hyperphosphorylated Tau-a critical mark in several neurodegenerative diseases. Mechanistically, SIRT6 regulates Tau protein stability and phosphorylation through increased activation of the kinase GSK3α/β. Finally, SIRT6 mRNA and protein levels are reduced in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Taken together, our results suggest that SIRT6 is critical to maintain genomic stability in the brain and that its loss leads to toxic Tau stability and phosphorylation. Therefore, SIRT6 and its downstream signaling could be targeted in Alzheimer's disease and age-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai Kaluski
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Miguel Portillo
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Antoine Besnard
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and The MGH Center for Regenerative Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Daniel Stein
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Monica Einav
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Lei Zhong
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and The MGH Center for Regenerative Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Uwe Ueberham
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Arendt
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Raul Mostoslavsky
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and The MGH Center for Regenerative Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Amar Sahay
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and The MGH Center for Regenerative Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Debra Toiber
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
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165
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Abstract
By using a tau construct with two mimicked acetylation sites as identified in AD brains, Tracy et al. (2016) found that acetylated tau promotes synaptic dysfunction through disruption of postsynaptic KIBRA signaling pathways, actin dynamics, and AMPA receptor trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane C Hettinger
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John R Cirrito
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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166
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Tau-based therapies in neurodegeneration: opportunities and challenges. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:863-883. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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167
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Nizynski B, Dzwolak W, Nieznanski K. Amyloidogenesis of Tau protein. Protein Sci 2017; 26:2126-2150. [PMID: 28833749 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The role of microtubule-associated protein Tau in neurodegeneration has been extensively investigated since the discovery of Tau amyloid aggregates in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The process of formation of amyloid fibrils is known as amyloidogenesis and attracts much attention as a potential target in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative conditions linked to protein aggregation. Cerebral deposition of amyloid aggregates of Tau is observed not only in AD but also in numerous other tauopathies and prion diseases. Amyloidogenesis of intrinsically unstructured monomers of Tau can be triggered by mutations in the Tau gene, post-translational modifications, or interactions with polyanionic molecules and aggregation-prone proteins/peptides. The self-assembly of amyloid fibrils of Tau shares a number of characteristic features with amyloidogenesis of other proteins involved in neurodegenerative diseases. For example, in vitro experiments have demonstrated that the nucleation phase, which is the rate-limiting stage of Tau amyloidogenesis, is shortened in the presence of fragmented preformed Tau fibrils acting as aggregation templates ("seeds"). Accordingly, Tau aggregates released by tauopathy-affected neurons can spread the neurodegenerative process in the brain through a prion-like mechanism, originally described for the pathogenic form of prion protein. Moreover, Tau has been shown to form amyloid strains-structurally diverse self-propagating aggregates of potentially various pathological effects, resembling in this respect prion strains. Here, we review the current literature on Tau aggregation and discuss mechanisms of propagation of Tau amyloid in the light of the prion-like paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Nizynski
- College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 2C Banacha Str, Warsaw, 02-097, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteur Str, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Wojciech Dzwolak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteur Str, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Nieznanski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
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168
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Gorsky MK, Burnouf S, Sofola-Adesakin O, Dols J, Augustin H, Weigelt CM, Grönke S, Partridge L. Pseudo-acetylation of multiple sites on human Tau proteins alters Tau phosphorylation and microtubule binding, and ameliorates amyloid beta toxicity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9984. [PMID: 28855586 PMCID: PMC5577152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that is highly soluble and natively unfolded. Its dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), where it aggregates within neurons. Deciphering the physiological and pathogenic roles of human Tau (hTau) is crucial to further understand the mechanisms leading to its dysfunction in vivo. We have used a knock-out/knock-in strategy in Drosophila to generate a strain with hTau inserted into the endogenous fly tau locus and expressed under the control of the endogenous fly tau promoter, thus avoiding potential toxicity due to genetic over-expression. hTau knock-in (KI) proteins were expressed at normal, endogenous levels, bound to fly microtubules and were post-translationally modified, hence displaying physiological properties. We used this new model to investigate the effects of acetylation on hTau toxicity in vivo. The simultaneous pseudo-acetylation of hTau at lysines 163, 280, 281 and 369 drastically decreased hTau phosphorylation and significantly reduced its binding to microtubules in vivo. These molecular alterations were associated with ameliorated amyloid beta toxicity. Our results indicate acetylation of hTau on multiple sites regulates its biology and ameliorates amyloid beta toxicity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Karina Gorsky
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; CECAD Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sylvie Burnouf
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; CECAD Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oyinkan Sofola-Adesakin
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, and GEE, UCL, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jacqueline Dols
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; CECAD Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hrvoje Augustin
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; CECAD Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Healthy Ageing, and GEE, UCL, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Carina Marianne Weigelt
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; CECAD Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Grönke
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; CECAD Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Linda Partridge
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; CECAD Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, 50931, Cologne, Germany. .,Institute of Healthy Ageing, and GEE, UCL, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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169
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Kontaxi C, Piccardo P, Gill AC. Lysine-Directed Post-translational Modifications of Tau Protein in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Tauopathies. Front Mol Biosci 2017; 4:56. [PMID: 28848737 PMCID: PMC5554484 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein responsible mainly for stabilizing the neuronal microtubule network in the brain. Under normal conditions, tau is highly soluble and adopts an "unfolded" conformation. However, it undergoes conformational changes resulting in a less soluble form with weakened microtubule stabilizing properties. Altered tau forms characteristic pathogenic inclusions in Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies. Although, tau hyperphosphorylation is widely considered to be the major trigger of tau malfunction, tau undergoes several post-translational modifications at lysine residues including acetylation, methylation, ubiquitylation, SUMOylation, and glycation. We are only beginning to define the site-specific impact of each type of lysine modification on tau biology as well as the possible interplay between them, but, like phosphorylation, these modifications are likely to play critical roles in tau's normal and pathobiology. This review summarizes the latest findings focusing on lysine post-translational modifications that occur at both endogenous tau protein and pathological tau forms in AD and other tauopathies. In addition, it highlights the significance of a site-dependent approach of studying tau post-translational modifications under normal and pathological conditions.
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170
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Borroni B, Stanic J, Verpelli C, Mellone M, Bonomi E, Alberici A, Bernasconi P, Culotta L, Zianni E, Archetti S, Manes M, Gazzina S, Ghidoni R, Benussi L, Stuani C, Di Luca M, Sala C, Buratti E, Padovani A, Gardoni F. Anti-AMPA GluA3 antibodies in Frontotemporal dementia: a new molecular target. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6723. [PMID: 28751743 PMCID: PMC5532270 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06117-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disorder mainly characterised by Tau or TDP43 inclusions. A co-autoimmune aetiology has been hypothesised. In this study, we aimed at defining the pathogenetic role of anti-AMPA GluA3 antibodies in FTD. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) anti-GluA3 antibody dosage was carried out and the effect of CSF with and without anti-GluA3 antibodies was tested in rat hippocampal neuronal primary cultures and in differentiated neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). TDP43 and Tau expression in hiPSCs exposed to CSF was assayed. Forty-one out of 175 screened FTD sera were positive for the presence of anti-GluA3 antibodies (23.4%). FTD patients with anti-GluA3 antibodies more often presented presenile onset, behavioural variant FTD with bitemporal atrophy. Incubation of rat hippocampal neuronal primary cultures with CSF with anti-GluA3 antibodies led to a decrease of GluA3 subunit synaptic localization of the AMPA receptor (AMPAR) and loss of dendritic spines. These results were confirmed in differentiated neurons from hiPSCs, with a significant reduction of the GluA3 subunit in the postsynaptic fraction along with increased levels of neuronal Tau. In conclusion, autoimmune mechanism might represent a new potentially treatable target in FTD and might open new lights in the disease underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Borroni
- Neurology Unit, Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - J Stanic
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - C Verpelli
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M Mellone
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - E Bonomi
- Neurology Unit, Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - A Alberici
- Neurology Unit, Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - L Culotta
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - E Zianni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - S Archetti
- III Laboratory of Analyses, Biotechnology Laboratory, Brescia Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Manes
- Neurology Unit, Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - S Gazzina
- Neurology Unit, Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - R Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli S. Giovanni di Dio, Brescia, Italy
| | - L Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli S. Giovanni di Dio, Brescia, Italy
| | - C Stuani
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology-ICGEB, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Di Luca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - C Sala
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - E Buratti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology-ICGEB, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Padovani
- Neurology Unit, Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - F Gardoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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171
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Orr ME, Sullivan AC, Frost B. A Brief Overview of Tauopathy: Causes, Consequences, and Therapeutic Strategies. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:637-648. [PMID: 28455089 PMCID: PMC5476494 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
There are currently no disease-modifying therapies for the treatment of tauopathies, a group of progressive neurodegenerative disorders that are pathologically defined by the presence of tau protein aggregates in the brain. Current challenges for the treatment of tauopathies include the inability to diagnose early and to confidently discriminate between distinct tauopathies in patients, alongside an incomplete understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in pathogenic tau-induced neuronal death and dysfunction. In this review, we describe current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, known drivers of pathogenic tau formation, recent contributions to our current mechanistic understanding of how pathogenic tau induces neuronal death, and potential diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda E Orr
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - A Campbell Sullivan
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Bess Frost
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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172
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Yang Q, Song D, Qing H. Neural changes in Alzheimer's disease from circuit to molecule: Perspective of optogenetics. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 79:110-118. [PMID: 28522119 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), as a crucial neurodegenerative disorder, affects neural activities at many levels. Synaptic plasticity and neural circuits are most susceptible in AD, but the detailed mechanism is unclear. Optogenetic tools provide unprecedented spatio-temporal specificity to stimulate specific neural circuits or synaptic molecules to reveal the precise function of normal brain and mechanism of deficits in AD models. Furthermore, using optogenetics to stimulate neurons can rescue learning and memory loss caused by AD. It also has possibility to use light to control the Neurotransmitter receptors and their downstream signal pathway. These technical methods have broad therapeutic application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghu Yang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Da Song
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Hong Qing
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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173
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Forner S, Baglietto-Vargas D, Martini AC, Trujillo-Estrada L, LaFerla FM. Synaptic Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease: A Dysregulated Symphony. Trends Neurosci 2017; 40:347-357. [PMID: 28494972 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by memory loss, cognitive decline, and devastating neurodegeneration, not only as a result of the extracellular accumulation of beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and intracellular accumulation of tau, but also as a consequence of the dysfunction and loss of synapses. Although significant advances have been made in our understanding of the relationship of the pathological role of Aβ and tau in synapse dysfunction, several questions remain as to how Aβ and tau interdependently cause impairments in synaptic function in AD. Overall, more insight into these questions should enable researchers in this field to develop novel therapeutic targets to mitigate or delay the cognitive deficits associated with this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Forner
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - David Baglietto-Vargas
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Alessandra C Martini
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Laura Trujillo-Estrada
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Frank M LaFerla
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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174
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Guo T, Noble W, Hanger DP. Roles of tau protein in health and disease. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 133:665-704. [PMID: 28386764 PMCID: PMC5390006 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-017-1707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 562] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tau is well established as a microtubule-associated protein in neurons. However, under pathological conditions, aberrant assembly of tau into insoluble aggregates is accompanied by synaptic dysfunction and neural cell death in a range of neurodegenerative disorders, collectively referred to as tauopathies. Recent advances in our understanding of the multiple functions and different locations of tau inside and outside neurons have revealed novel insights into its importance in a diverse range of molecular pathways including cell signalling, synaptic plasticity, and regulation of genomic stability. The present review describes the physiological and pathophysiological properties of tau and how these relate to its distribution and functions in neurons. We highlight the post-translational modifications of tau, which are pivotal in defining and modulating tau localisation and its roles in health and disease. We include discussion of other pathologically relevant changes in tau, including mutation and aggregation, and how these aspects impinge on the propensity of tau to propagate, and potentially drive neuronal loss, in diseased brain. Finally, we describe the cascade of pathological events that may be driven by tau dysfunction, including impaired axonal transport, alterations in synapse and mitochondrial function, activation of the unfolded protein response and defective protein degradation. It is important to fully understand the range of neuronal functions attributed to tau, since this will provide vital information on its involvement in the development and pathogenesis of disease. Such knowledge will enable determination of which critical molecular pathways should be targeted by potential therapeutic agents developed for the treatment of tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Guo
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Wendy Noble
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Diane P Hanger
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, UK.
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175
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Trzeciakiewicz H, Tseng JH, Wander CM, Madden V, Tripathy A, Yuan CX, Cohen TJ. A Dual Pathogenic Mechanism Links Tau Acetylation to Sporadic Tauopathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44102. [PMID: 28287136 PMCID: PMC5347034 DOI: 10.1038/srep44102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau acetylation has recently emerged as a dominant post-translational modification (PTM) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related tauopathies. Mass spectrometry studies indicate that tau acetylation sites cluster within the microtubule (MT)-binding region (MTBR), suggesting acetylation could regulate both normal and pathological tau functions. Here, we combined biochemical and cell-based approaches to uncover a dual pathogenic mechanism mediated by tau acetylation. We show that acetylation specifically at residues K280/K281 impairs tau-mediated MT stabilization, and enhances the formation of fibrillar tau aggregates, highlighting both loss and gain of tau function. Full-length acetylation-mimic tau showed increased propensity to undergo seed-dependent aggregation, revealing a potential role for tau acetylation in the propagation of tau pathology. We also demonstrate that methylene blue, a reported tau aggregation inhibitor, modulates tau acetylation, a novel mechanism of action for this class of compounds. Our study identifies a potential “two-hit” mechanism in which tau acetylation disengages tau from MTs and also promotes tau aggregation. Thus, therapeutic approaches to limit tau K280/K281 acetylation could simultaneously restore MT stability and ameliorate tau pathology in AD and related tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Trzeciakiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jui-Heng Tseng
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Connor M Wander
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Victoria Madden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Ashutosh Tripathy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Chao-Xing Yuan
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Todd J Cohen
- Department of Neurology, UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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176
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Tracy TE, Gan L. Acetylated tau in Alzheimer's disease: An instigator of synaptic dysfunction underlying memory loss: Increased levels of acetylated tau blocks the postsynaptic signaling required for plasticity and promotes memory deficits associated with tauopathy. Bioessays 2017; 39. [PMID: 28083916 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201600224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis in tauopathies involves the accumulation of tau in the brain and progressive synapse loss accompanied by cognitive decline. Pathological tau is found at synapses, and it promotes synaptic dysfunction and memory deficits. The specific role of toxic tau in disrupting the molecular networks that regulate synaptic strength has been elusive. A novel mechanistic link between tau toxicity and synaptic plasticity involves the acetylation of two lysines on tau, K274, and K281, which are associated with dementia in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We propose that an increase in tau acetylated on these lysines blocks the expression of long-term potentiation at hippocampal synapses leading to impaired memory in AD. Acetylated tau could inhibit the activity-dependent recruitment of postsynaptic AMPA-type glutamate receptors required for plasticity by interfering with the postsynaptic localization of KIBRA, a memory-associated protein. Strategies that reduce the acetylation of tau may lead to effective treatments for cognitive decline in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara E Tracy
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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177
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Hwang AW, Trzeciakiewicz H, Friedmann D, Yuan CX, Marmorstein R, Lee VMY, Cohen TJ. Conserved Lysine Acetylation within the Microtubule-Binding Domain Regulates MAP2/Tau Family Members. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168913. [PMID: 28002468 PMCID: PMC5176320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine acetylation has emerged as a dominant post-translational modification (PTM) regulating tau proteins in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related tauopathies. Mass spectrometry studies indicate that tau acetylation sites cluster within the microtubule-binding region (MTBR), a region that is highly conserved among tau, MAP2, and MAP4 family members, implying that acetylation could represent a conserved regulatory mechanism for MAPs beyond tau. Here, we combined mass spectrometry, biochemical assays, and cell-based approaches to demonstrate that the tau family members MAP2 and MAP4 are also subject to reversible acetylation. We identify a cluster of lysines in the MAP2 and MAP4 MTBR that undergo CBP-catalyzed acetylation, many of which are conserved in tau. Similar to tau, MAP2 acetylation can occur in a cysteine-dependent auto-regulatory manner in the presence of acetyl-CoA. Furthermore, tubulin reduced MAP2 acetylation, suggesting tubulin binding dictates MAP acetylation status. Taken together, these results uncover a striking conservation of MAP2/Tau family post-translational modifications that could expand our understanding of the dynamic mechanisms regulating microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W. Hwang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hanna Trzeciakiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dave Friedmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Chao-Xing Yuan
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ronen Marmorstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Virginia M. Y. Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Todd J. Cohen
- Department of Neurology, UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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178
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Avila J, Jiménez JS, Sayas CL, Bolós M, Zabala JC, Rivas G, Hernández F. Tau Structures. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:262. [PMID: 27877124 PMCID: PMC5099159 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that plays an important role in axonal stabilization, neuronal development, and neuronal polarity. In this review, we focus on the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary tau structures. We describe the structure of tau from its specific residues until its conformation in dimers, oligomers, and larger polymers in physiological and pathological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Avila
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-UAM)Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades NeurodegenerativasMadrid, Spain
| | - Juan S Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen L Sayas
- Centre for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna Tenerife, Spain
| | - Marta Bolós
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-UAM)Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades NeurodegenerativasMadrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Zabala
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, IDIVAL-Universidad de Cantabria Santander, Spain
| | - Germán Rivas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, Spain
| | - Felix Hernández
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-UAM)Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades NeurodegenerativasMadrid, Spain
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179
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Cohen TJ, Constance BH, Hwang AW, James M, Yuan CX. Intrinsic Tau Acetylation Is Coupled to Auto-Proteolytic Tau Fragmentation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158470. [PMID: 27383765 PMCID: PMC4934699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau proteins are abnormally aggregated in a range of neurodegenerative tauopathies including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recently, tau has emerged as an extensively post-translationally modified protein, among which lysine acetylation is critical for normal tau function and its pathological aggregation. Here, we demonstrate that tau isoforms have different propensities to undergo lysine acetylation, with auto-acetylation occurring more prominently within the lysine-rich microtubule-binding repeats. Unexpectedly, we identified a unique intrinsic property of tau in which auto-acetylation induces proteolytic tau cleavage, thereby generating distinct N- and C-terminal tau fragments. Supporting a catalytic reaction-based mechanism, mapping and mutagenesis studies showed that tau cysteines, which are required for acetyl group transfer, are also essential for auto-proteolytic tau processing. Further mass spectrometry analysis identified the C-terminal 2nd and 4th microtubule binding repeats as potential sites of auto-cleavage. The identification of acetylation-mediated auto-proteolysis provides a new biochemical mechanism for tau self-regulation and warrants further investigation into whether auto-catalytic functions of tau are implicated in AD and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd J. Cohen
- Department of Neurology, UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Brian H. Constance
- Department of Neurology, UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Andrew W. Hwang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael James
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Chao-Xing Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Sohn PD, Tracy TE, Son HI, Zhou Y, Leite REP, Miller BL, Seeley WW, Grinberg LT, Gan L. Acetylated tau destabilizes the cytoskeleton in the axon initial segment and is mislocalized to the somatodendritic compartment. Mol Neurodegener 2016; 11:47. [PMID: 27356871 PMCID: PMC4928318 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-016-0109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurons are highly polarized cells in which asymmetric axonal-dendritic distribution of proteins is crucial for neuronal function. Loss of polarized distribution of the axonal protein tau is an early sign of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. The cytoskeletal network in the axon initial segment (AIS) forms a barrier between the axon and the somatodentritic compartment, contributing to axonal retention of tau. Although perturbation of the AIS cytoskeleton has been implicated in neurological disorders, the molecular triggers and functional consequence of AIS perturbation are incompletely understood. RESULTS Here we report that tau acetylation and consequent destabilization of the AIS cytoskeleton promote the somatodendritic mislocalization of tau. AIS cytoskeletal proteins, including ankyrin G and βIV-spectrin, were downregulated in AD brains and negatively correlated with an increase in tau acetylated at K274 and K281. AIS proteins were also diminished in transgenic mice expressing tauK274/281Q, a tau mutant that mimics K274 and K281 acetylation. In primary neuronal cultures, the tauK274/281Q mutant caused hyperdynamic microtubules (MTs) in the AIS, shown by live-imaging of MT mobility and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Using photoconvertible tau constructs, we found that axonal tauK274/281Q was missorted into the somatodendritic compartment. Stabilizing MTs with epothilone D to restore the cytoskeletal barrier in the AIS prevented tau mislocalization in primary neuronal cultures. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings demonstrate that tau acetylation contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease by compromising the cytoskeletal sorting machinery in the AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Dongmin Sohn
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Tara E Tracy
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Hye-In Son
- Gladstone Institute of Virology & Immunology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Yungui Zhou
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Renata E P Leite
- Physiopathology in Aging Lab/Brazilian Aging Brain Study Group-LIM22, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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