151
|
Chong VH, Telisinghe PU, LIM E, Abdullah MS, Idris F, Chong CF. Declining Incidence of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Brunei Darussalam: a Three Decade Study (1986-2014). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:7097-101. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.16.7097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
152
|
Liang QN, Chen PQ, Liu TC, Zhou JW, Chen JJ, Wu YS. Development of a time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for Epstein–Barr virus viral capsid antigen IgA antibody in human serum. J Virol Methods 2015; 222:16-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
153
|
Li K, Lin GZ, Shen JC, Zhou Q. Time trends of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in urban Guangzhou over a 12-year period (2000-2011): declines in both incidence and mortality. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:9899-903. [PMID: 25520125 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.22.9899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an uncommon disease in most countries but occurs with much greater frequency in southern China. This study aimed to examine the secular trends of NPC in urban Guangzhou over the time period of 2000-2011 using data from the Guangzhou Cancer Registry. Age-adjusted annual incidence rates of NPC were calculated by the direct method using the WHO World Standard Population (1960) as the reference. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) was used as an estimate of the trend. A total of 7,532 new cases of NPC and 3,449 related deaths were registered. In both genders, the peak incidence occurred in the 50- to 59-year age group, and this age distribution pattern remained similar throughout. The AAPC in NPC incidence rates was -3.26% (95% CI: -5.4%--1.1) for males and -5.74% (95% CI: -8.9%--2.5) for females, resulting in a total decrease of 39.3% (from 22.14 to 13.44 per 100,000 population) for males and 48.6% (from 10.1 to 5.18 per 100,000 population) for females over this 12-year period. The AAPCs in NPC mortality rates were -4.62% (95%CI: -3.5%--5.7) for males and -6.75% (95% CI: -5.2%--8.3) for females, resulting in a total decrease of -46.1% (from 12.1 to 6.54 per 100,000 population) for males and 51.7% (from 4.14 to 2.00 per 100,000 population) for females. The age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates of NPC declined during 2000-2011 in urban Guangzhou but remained high. Future efforts to improve prevention, early detection and treatment strategies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China E-mail :
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
154
|
Nawaz I, Moumad K, Martorelli D, Ennaji MM, Zhou X, Zhang Z, Dolcetti R, Khyatti M, Ernberg I, Hu LF. Detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Morocco (North Africa) using a multiplex methylation-specific PCR biomarker assay. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:89. [PMID: 26300994 PMCID: PMC4546349 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) or activation of oncogenes by, e.g., aberrant promoter methylation, may be early events during carcinogenesis. The methylation status of such genes can be used for early detection of cancer. We are pursuing this approach in our efforts to develop markers for early detection and follow-up of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We set out to develop this approach to allow identification of NPC from Morocco and then also compared with NPC samples from different geographical locations and different ethnicity with different NPC incidences, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) prevalence, and environments. Results By multiplex methylation-specific PCR (MMSP), multiple relevant genes can be detected simultaneously, to achieve high sensitivity and specificity. The strong association of EBV with NPC is also very useful in such an approach. We have initially screened for 12 potential marker genes including EBV genes coding for EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) and latent membrane protein-1 (LMP1) and ten potential TSGs obtained from previously published data. The resulting assay included EBNA1, LMP1, and three cellular TSGs: ITGA9, RASSF1A, and P16. We evaluated this assay on 64 NPC patient biopsies from Morocco, Italy, and China compared to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from 20 nasopharyngeal control tissues. In the Moroccan NPC cohort (n = 44), prevalence of the EBNA1 gene showed the highest sensitivity (36/44; 82 %) with 94 % specificity. Out of eight (18 %) EBNA1 negative Moroccan samples, only three were positive for at least one methylated cellular gene. By detection of cellular marker genes, the sensitivity increased from 82 to 89 % (39/44). In the whole material of 64 biopsies from three geographical locations, at least any one marker (viral or cellular) could be detected in 91 % of biopsies with 90 % specificity. In a pilot evaluating assay performance on serum DNA from NPC and controls including samples from Italy (n = 11) and China (n = 5), at least any one marker from the MMSP assay could be detected in 88 %, but the specificity was only 50 %. Conclusions An MMSP assay has the potential for detection of NPC by screening in high-risk populations. Serum-derived DNA seems not as good as earlier published NPC swab DNA for screening purpose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Nawaz
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 280, Stockholm, SE-17177 Sweden.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Moumad
- Department of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Oncovirology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 20360 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Debora Martorelli
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit Centro di Riferimento Oncologico IRCCS - National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini, 233081 Aviano, PN Italy
| | - Moulay Mustapha Ennaji
- University Hassan II, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Mohammedia - Casablanca, Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology and Quality/ETB, Mohammedia, , BP 146, 20650 Morocco
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 280, Stockholm, SE-17177 Sweden.,Department of Orolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Orolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit Centro di Riferimento Oncologico IRCCS - National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini, 233081 Aviano, PN Italy
| | - Meriem Khyatti
- Oncovirology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 20360 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Ingemar Ernberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 280, Stockholm, SE-17177 Sweden
| | - Li-Fu Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 280, Stockholm, SE-17177 Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
155
|
Lim SJM, Iyer NG, Ooi LL, Koong HN, Chung AYF, Tan HK, Soo KC, Tan NC. Metastasectomy for metachronous pulmonary and hepatic metastases from nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Report of 6 cases and review of the literature. Head Neck 2015; 38:E37-40. [PMID: 25930185 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is commonly treated with palliative chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to review the feasibility of metastasectomy for metachronous pulmonary and hepatic metastases from NPC. METHODS We present 6 patients who developed metachronous metastases from NPC (4 patients with pulmonary metastases and 2 patients with hepatic metastases) and underwent curative resection. RESULTS Four patients are still alive with no recurrence of NPC after metastasectomy. Two patients died with postoperative survival periods of 57 and 70 months and recurrence-free intervals of 14 and 39 months, respectively. CONCLUSION Metastasectomy is a feasible option for the treatment of metachronous and resectable oligometastatic NPC to the lung and liver. Application of appropriate selection criteria would be required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Jun Ming Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - London Lucien Ooi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore.,Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Heng Nung Koong
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore
| | - Alexander Yaw Fui Chung
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Hiang Khoon Tan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore
| | - Khee Chee Soo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore
| | - Ngian Chye Tan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
156
|
Lin YH, Chang KP, Lin YS, Chang TS. Evaluation of effect of body mass index and weight loss on survival of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Radiat Oncol 2015; 10:136. [PMID: 26122711 PMCID: PMC4486696 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-015-0443-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies report body-mass index (BMI) and percent weight loss (WL) to have prognostic significance when treating patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, most of these investigations studied patients treated using different radiotherapeutic techniques. We evaluated the predictive effect of these two nutrition-related measurements on therapeutic outcome in NPC patients who only received intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) as part of their total treatment program. METHODS We retrospectively studied NPC patients treated with IMRT from January 2006 to February 2012. Cox proportional hazards was used to test the association of pretreatment BMI (<23 kg/m(2) vs. ≥23 kg/m(2)) and percent weight loss (≥5 % vs. <5 %) during therapy and related survival rates while controlling for various potential confounders. RESULTS Eighty-one (34 %) of the 238 patients had BMIs ≥23 kg/m(2) at pretreatment and 150 (63 %) had significant (≥5 %) weight loss. Median follow-up time was 41.71 months; median radiotherapy was 7.46 ± 0.77 weeks. Those with BMIs ≥23 kg/m(2) did not have a better 3-year overall survival (p = 0.672), 3-year disease specific survival (p = 0.341), 3-year locoregional free survival (p = 0.281), or 3-year distant metastatic free survival (p = 0.134). Those with significant WL (≥5 %) did not have worse 3-year clinical endpoints, even after stratifying magnitude of weight loss by BMI category. In sensitivity test, the adjusted hazard ratio remained statistically insignificant using different cutoffs for BMIs and percent weight loss. CONCLUSIONS This study found no significant relationship between BMI and percent weight loss on survival of NPC patients receiving IMRT based therapy. Further studies might want to consider other nutrition related factors as prognostic indicators when studying the correlate between malnutrition and survival in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Ta-Chung 1st Rd., Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ping Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Ta-Chung 1st Rd., Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan
| | - Yaoh-Shiang Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Ta-Chung 1st Rd., Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Shou Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Ta-Chung 1st Rd., Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan. .,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Hsieh JCH, Hsu CL, Ng SH, Wang CH, Lee KD, Lu CH, Chang YF, Hsieh RK, Yeh KH, Hsiao CH, Chen SY, Shiau CY, Wang HM. Gemcitabine plus cisplatin for patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Taiwan: a multicenter prospective Phase II trial. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2015; 45:819-27. [PMID: 26056323 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyv083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This multicenter Phase II trial evaluated the toxicity/efficacy of gemcitabine plus cisplatin as first-line chemotherapy in patients with recurrent/metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS Gemcitabine 1250 mg/m(2) on Days 1 and 8 and cisplatin 75 mg/m(2) on Day 1 were administered at a 3-week interval. The primary endpoint was the response rate. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival, overall survival, response duration and safety. RESULTS Fifty-two patients were recruited between 2004 and 2008. The response rate was 51.9% (complete remission rate, 9.6%) in the intent-to-treat group. The median progression-free and overall survivals were 9.8 and 14.6 months, respectively. The major Grade III/IV adverse event was leucopenia (61.6%). The mean number of cycles was 6.63 ± 0.40. The regimen was well-tolerated, although one treatment-related death occurred after severe sepsis from aspiration pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS Gemcitabine plus cisplatin is an effective, well-tolerated regimen as a first-line treatment for recurrent/metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Chia-Hsun Hsieh
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
| | - Cheng-Lung Hsu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
| | - Shu-Hang Ng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
| | - Cheng-Hsu Wang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
| | - Kuan-Der Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
| | - Chang-Hsien Lu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
| | - Yi-Fang Chang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Ruey-Kuen Hsieh
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Kun-Huei Yeh
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University and Hospital, Taipei
| | - Chi-Huang Hsiao
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Hospital, Taipei
| | - Sheng-Yu Chen
- Cancer Center, Chemoradiotherapy Division, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei
| | - Cheng-Ying Shiau
- Cancer Center, Radiation Oncology Division, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Wang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
| |
Collapse
|
158
|
Regulation of DNA Damage Signaling and Cell Death Responses by Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1) and LMP2A in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells. J Virol 2015; 89:7612-24. [PMID: 25972552 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00958-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is closely associated with latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Although EBV infection of preneoplastic epithelial cells is not immortalizing, EBV can modulate oncogenic and cell death mechanisms. The viral latent membrane proteins 1 (LMP1) and LMP2A are consistently expressed in NPC and can cooperate in bitransgenic mice expressed from the keratin-14 promoter to enhance carcinoma development in an epithelial chemical carcinogenesis model. In this study, LMP1 and LMP2A were coexpressed in the EBV-negative NPC cell line HK1 and examined for combined effects in response to genotoxic treatments. In response to DNA damage activation, LMP1 and LMP2A coexpression reduced γH2AX (S139) phosphorylation and caspase cleavage induced by a lower dose (5 μM) of the topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide. Regulation of γH2AX occurred before the onset of caspase activation without modulation of other DNA damage signaling mediators, including ATM, Chk1, or Chk2, and additionally was suppressed by inducers of DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) and replication stress. Despite reduced DNA damage repair signaling, LMP1-2A coexpressing cells recovered from cytotoxic doses of etoposide; however, LMP1 expression was sufficient for this effect. LMP1 and LMP2A coexpression did not enhance cell growth, with a moderate increase of cell motility to fibronectin. This study supports that LMP1 and LMP2A jointly regulate DNA repair signaling and cell death activation with no further enhancement in the growth properties of neoplastic cells. IMPORTANCE NPC is characterized by clonal EBV infection and accounts for >78,000 annual cancer cases with increased incidence in regions where EBV is endemic, such as southeast Asia. The latent proteins LMP1 and LMP2A coexpressed in NPC can individually enhance growth or survival properties in epithelial cells, but their combined effects and potential regulation of DNA repair and checkpoint mechanisms are relatively undetermined. In this study, LMP1-2A coexpression suppressed activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) protein γH2AX induced by selective genotoxins that promote DNA replication stress or SSBs. Expression of LMP1 was sufficient to recover cells, resulting in outgrowth of LMP1 and LMP1-2A-coexpressing cells and indicating distinct LMP1-dependent effects in the restoration of replicative potential. These findings demonstrate novel properties for LMP1 and LMP2A in the cooperative modulation of DDR and apoptotic signaling pathways, further implicating both proteins in the progression of NPC and epithelial malignancies.
Collapse
|
159
|
Li B, Wan Z, Huang G, Huang Z, Zhang X, Liao D, Luo S, He Z. Mitogen- and stress-activated Kinase 1 mediates Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1-promoted cell transformation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through its induction of Fra-1 and c-Jun genes. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:390. [PMID: 25958199 PMCID: PMC4434874 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1398-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mitogen- and Stress-Activated Kinase 1 (MSK1) is a nuclear kinase that serves as active link between extracellular signals and the primary response of gene expression. However, the involvement of MSK1 in malignant transformation and cancer development is not well understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of MSK1 in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1)-promoted carcinogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods The level of MSK1 phosphorylation at Thr581 was detected by the immunohistochemical analysis in NPC tissues and normal nasopharynx tissues, and its correlation with LMP1 was analyzed in NPC tissues and cell lines. Using MSK1 inhibitor H89 or small interfering RNA (siRNA)-MSK1, the effects of MSK1 on LMP1-promoted CNE1 cell proliferation and transformation were evaluated by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry and focus-forming assay respectively. Furthermore, the regulatory role of MSK1-mediated histone H3 phosphorylation at Ser10 on the promoter activity and expression of Fra-1 or c-Jun was determined by reporter gene assay and western blotting analysis. Results Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the level of MSK1 phosphorylation at Thr581 was significantly higher in the poorly differentiated NPC tissues than that in normal nasopharynx tissues (P < 0.001). Moreover, high level of phosphorylated MSK1 was positively correlated with the expression of LMP1 in NPC tissues (r = 0.393, P = 0.002) and cell lines. MSK1 inhibitor H89 or knockdown of MSK1 by siRNA dramatically suppressed LMP1-promoted CNE1 cell proliferation, which was associated with the induction of cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. In addition, the anchorage-independent growth promoted by LMP1 was blocked in MSK1 knockdown cells. When the activity or expression of MSK1 was inhibited, LMP1-induced promoter activities of Fra-1 and c-Jun as well as their protein levels were greatly reduced. It was found that only H3 WT, but not mutant H3 S10A, dramatically increased LMP1 induction of Fra-1 and c-Jun genes compared with mock cells. Conclusion Increased MSK1 activity is critically important for LMP1-promoted cell proliferation and transformation in NPC, which may be correlated with its induction of Fra-1 and c-Jun through phosphorylation of histone H3 at Ser10.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China. .,Key Laboratory for Medical Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Sino-American Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.
| | - Zheng Wan
- Key Laboratory for Medical Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Sino-American Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.
| | - Guoliang Huang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Sino-American Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.
| | - Zunnan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Sino-American Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.
| | - Xiangning Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.
| | - Dan Liao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.
| | - Shengqun Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.
| | - Zhiwei He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China. .,Key Laboratory for Medical Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Sino-American Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.
| |
Collapse
|
160
|
Tsang CM, Tsao SW. The role of Epstein-Barr virus infection in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Virol Sin 2015; 30:107-21. [PMID: 25910483 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-015-3592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. EBV episomes are detected in almost all NPC cells. The role of EBV in NPC pathogenesis has long been postulated but remains enigmatic. In contrast to infection of B lymphocytes, EBV infection does not directly transform nasopharyngeal epithelial cells into proliferative clones with malignant potential. EBV infection of normal pharyngeal epithelial cells is predominantly lytic in nature. Genetic alterations in premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelium, in combination with inflammatory stimulation in the nasopharyngeal mucosa, presumably play essential roles in the establishment of a latent EBV infection in infected nasopharyngeal epithelial cells during the early development of NPC. Establishment of latent EBV infection in premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelial cells and expression of latent viral genes, including the BART transcripts and BART-encoded microRNAs, are crucial features of NPC. Expression of EBV genes may drive further malignant transformation of premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelial cells into cancer cells. The difficulties involved in the establishment of NPC cell lines and the progressive loss of EBV epsiomes in NPC cells propagated in culture strongly implicate the contribution of host stromal components to the growth of NPC cells in vivo and maintenance of EBV in infected NPC cells. Defining the growth advantages of EBV-infected NPC cells in vivo will lead to a better understanding of the contribution of EBV infection in NPC pathogenesis, and may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for NPC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Man Tsang
- Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
161
|
Therapeutic targeting of CBP/β-catenin signaling reduces cancer stem-like population and synergistically suppresses growth of EBV-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells with cisplatin. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9979. [PMID: 25897700 PMCID: PMC4404684 DOI: 10.1038/srep09979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an EBV-associated epithelial malignancy prevalent in southern China. Presence of treatment-resistant cancer stem cells (CSC) may associate with tumor relapse and metastasis in NPC. ICG-001 is a specific CBP/β-catenin antagonist that can block CBP/β-catenin-mediated transcription of stem cell associated genes and enhance p300/β-catenin-mediated transcription, thereby reducing the CSC-like population via forced differentiation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of ICG-001 on the CSC-like population, and the combination effect of ICG-001 with cisplatin in the C666-1 EBV-positive NPC cells. Results showed that ICG-001 inhibited C666-1 cell growth and reduced expression of CSC-associated proteins with altered expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. ICG-001 also inhibited C666-1 tumor sphere formation, accompanied with reduced SOX2hi/CD44hi CSC-like population. ICG-001 was also found to restore the expression of a tumor suppressive microRNA-145 (miR-145). Ectopic expression of miR-145 effectively repressed SOX2 protein expression and inhibited tumor sphere formation. Combination of ICG-001 with cisplatin synergistically suppressed in vitro growth of C666-1 cells and significantly suppressed growth of NPC xenografts. These results suggested that therapeutically targeting of the CBP/β-catenin signaling pathway with ICG-001 can effectively reduce the CSC-like population and combination with cisplatin can effectively suppress the growth of NPC.
Collapse
|
162
|
Shen ZC, Luo B, Chen JN, Chao Y, Shao CK, Liu QQ, Wang Y. High prevalence of the EBER variant EB-8m in endemic nasopharyngeal carcinomas. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121420. [PMID: 25807550 PMCID: PMC4373760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) are the most highly expressed transcripts in all EBV-associated tumors and are involved in both lymphoid and epithelioid carcinogenesis. Our previous study on Chinese isolates from non-endemic area of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) identified new EBER variants (EB-8m and EB-10m) which were less common but relatively more frequent in NPC cases than healthy donors. In the present study, we determined the EBER variants in NPC cases and healthy donors from endemic and non-endemic areas of NPC within China and compared the EBER variants, in relation to the genotypes at BamHI F region (prototype F and f variant), between population groups and between two areas. According to the phylogenetic tree, four EBER variants (EB-6m, EB-8m, EB-10m and B95-8) were identified. EB-6m was dominant in all population groups except for endemic NPC group, in which EB-8m was dominant. EB-8m was more common in endemic NPC cases (82.0%, 41/50) than non-endemic NPC cases (33.7%, 32/95) (p<0.0001), and it was also more frequent in healthy donors from endemic area (32.4%, 24/74) than healthy donors from non-endemic area (1.1%, 1/92) (p<0.0001). More importantly, the EB-8m was more prevalent in NPC cases than healthy donors in both areas (p<0.0001). The f variant, which has been suggested to associate with endemic NPC, demonstrated preferential linkage with EB-8m in endemic isolates, however, the EB-8m variant seemed to be more specific to NPC isolates than f variant. These results reveal high prevalence of EBER EB-8m variant in endemic NPC cases, suggesting an association between NPC development and EBV isolates carrying EB-8m variant. Our finding identified a small healthy population group that shares the same viral strain which predominates in NPC cases. It could be interesting to carry extensive cohort studies following these individuals to evaluate the risk to develop NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-chao Shen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Luo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-ning Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospitals of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Chao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-kui Shao
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospitals of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian-qian Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Asnaghi L, Alkatan H, Mahale A, Othman M, Alwadani S, Al-Hussain H, Jastaneiah S, Yu W, Maktabi A, Edward DP, Eberhart CG. Identification of multiple DNA copy number alterations including frequent 8p11.22 amplification in conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:8604-13. [PMID: 25491297 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Little is known about the molecular alterations that drive formation and growth of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). We therefore sought to identify genetic changes that could be used as diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets. METHODS The DNA extracted from 10 snap-frozen cSCC tumor specimens and 2 in situ carcinomas was analyzed using array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), and further examined with NanoString and quantitative PCR. RESULTS The number of regions of DNA loss ranged from 1 to 23 per tumor, whereas gains and amplifications ranged from 1 to 15 per tumor. Most large regions of chromosomal gain and loss were confirmed by NanoString karyotype analysis. The commonest alteration was amplification of 8p11.22 in 9 tumors (75%), and quantitative PCR analysis revealed 100-fold or greater overexpression of ADAM3A mRNA from 8p11.22 locus. In addition, recurring losses were observed at 14q13.2 and 22q11.23, both lost in 5 (42%) of the 12 tumors, and at 12p13.31, lost in 4 (33%) of the 12 samples. Of the eight loci associated with the DNA damage repair syndrome xeroderma pigmentosum, three showed loss of at least one allele in our aCGH analysis, including XPA (9q22.33, one tumor), XPE/DDB2 (11p11.2, one tumor) and XPG/ERCC5 (13q33.1, three tumors). CONCLUSIONS Conjunctival SCC contains a range of chromosomal alterations potentially important in tumor formation and growth. Amplification of 8p11.22 and overexpression of ADAM3A suggests a potential role for this protease. Our findings also suggest that defects in DNA repair loci are important in sporadic cSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Asnaghi
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Hind Alkatan
- King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alka Mahale
- King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Othman
- King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Alwadani
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States Department of Ophthalmology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Wayne Yu
- Microarray Core Facility, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Azza Maktabi
- King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deepak P Edward
- King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| |
Collapse
|