151
|
Li Y, Peng F, Tan X, Wang J, Xu Y. Tumor suppressive effect of scavenger receptor class A member 5 overexpression in colorectal cancer by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Genes Genomics 2021; 43:1189-1198. [PMID: 34417976 PMCID: PMC8429172 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) exhibits high risks of morbidity and mortality. Objective To investigate the effect of scavenger receptor class A member 5 (SCRAR5) on CRC and its mechanism on modulation of cancer development. Methods The SCRAR5 expression in four kinds of CRC cell lines (SW620, SW480, HT29, and HCT116) was measured by quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively. The effects of SCRAR5 abnormal expression on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration were analyzed by CCK-8 assay, EdU assay, colony-forming assay, flow cytometry assay, Transwell assay and wound healing assay, respectively. Meanwhile, the involvements of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway with the role of SCRAR5 were investigated by western blotting. Afterwards, the in vivo effects of SCRAR5 abnormal expression on CRC xenograft mice were finally investigated by evaluating tumor volume, apoptosis and Ki67 expression. Results SCRAR5 was lowly expressed in CRC cell lines, especially SW480 cells. Up-regulation of SCRAR5 significantly promoted cell apoptosis, reduced cell proliferation and migration in SW480 cells. Notably, SCRAR5 overexpression obviously inhibited the phosphorylation levels of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR. Reversely, SCRAR5 silence exhibited promoting effects on HT29 cells. Consistently, in vivo experiments also revealed that SCRAR5 overexpression remarkably suppressed tumor volume and Ki67 expression, as well as promoted cell apoptosis. Conclusions Overall, up-regulating of SCRAR5 obviously inhibited CRC tumor growth in vitro and in vivo, which might be related to PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, No. 116, South Changjiang Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou, 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, No. 116, South Changjiang Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou, 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangyun Tan
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, No. 116, South Changjiang Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou, 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, No. 116, South Changjiang Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou, 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Yeqing Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, No. 116, South Changjiang Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou, 412007, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
Curcumin Inhibits HGF-Induced EMT by Regulating c-MET-Dependent PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathways in Meningioma. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5574555. [PMID: 34408780 PMCID: PMC8367536 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5574555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Meningiomas, which are the most common primary intracranial tumors, have highly aggressive cells in malignant cases. Due to its extensive antitumor effects, curcumin is widely used in experimental and clinical studies. However, the role of curcumin during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in meningioma has not been established. We found that curcumin blocks hepatocyte growth factor- (HGF-) induced proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of human malignant meningioma cells by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. In addition, treatment of human malignant meningioma cells with the tyrosine protein kinase (c-MET) inhibitor (SU11274) or the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002) suppressed HGF-induced migration and EMT. Furthermore, we found that curcumin inhibited tumor growth and HGF-induced EMT in mice subjected to subcutaneous xenotransplantation. These findings indicate that HGF regulates EMT in human malignant meningioma cells through c-MET/PI3K/Akt/mTOR modulation. In conclusion, curcumin inhibits HGF-induced EMT by targeting c-MET and subsequently blocking the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
Collapse
|
153
|
Liu X, Zhang M, Zhu X, Wang Y, Lv K, Yang H. Loss of FAM60A attenuates cell proliferation in glioma via suppression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101196. [PMID: 34388694 PMCID: PMC8363885 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is a common malignant tumor of the central nervous system with a high incidence and mortality. Family with sequence similarity 60 member A (FAM60A) is a new subunit of the Sin3 deacetylase complex. The clinical significance and biologic role of FAM60A in glioma remain unclear. METHODS The expression of FAM60A in normal glial cells, glioma cells, and five-paired gliomas, and adjacent noncancerous tissues was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting. FAM60A protein expression in 179 archived, paraffin-embedded glioma samples was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The roles of FAM60A in glioma cell proliferation and tumorigenicity were explored in vitro and in vivo. The underlying molecular mechanisms were elucidated using Western blot assay. Serum exosomal FAM60A levels of glioma patients were detected using electron microscopy, western blot, and real-time PCR. RESULTS FAM60A expression was significantly up-regulated in glioma tissues and cell lines and positively associated with a worse outcome in glioma. Knockdown of FAM60A could inhibit glioma cell proliferation and tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. Besides, FAM60A expression was detectable in extracted serum exosomes with a higher expression in the glioma cancer group than in the normal group. CONCLUSIONS Loss of FAM60A attenuates cell proliferation in glioma by suppressing PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Therefore, FAM60A may act as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China; Department of Nuclear medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, China; Non-coding RNA Research Center of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China; Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, China; Non-coding RNA Research Center of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China; Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, China; Non-coding RNA Research Center of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Nuclear medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Kun Lv
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China; Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, China; Non-coding RNA Research Center of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China.
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China; Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, China; Non-coding RNA Research Center of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
154
|
Pedroza DA, Ramirez M, Rajamanickam V, Subramani R, Margolis V, Gurbuz T, Estrada A, Lakshmanaswamy R. miRNome and Functional Network Analysis of PGRMC1 Regulated miRNA Target Genes Identify Pathways and Biological Functions Associated With Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:710337. [PMID: 34350123 PMCID: PMC8327780 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.710337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased expression of the progesterone receptor membrane component 1, a heme and progesterone binding protein, is frequently found in triple negative breast cancer tissue. The basis for the expression of PGRMC1 and its regulation on cellular signaling mechanisms remain largely unknown. Therefore, we aim to study microRNAs that target selective genes and mechanisms that are regulated by PGRMC1 in TNBCs. Methods To identify altered miRNAs, whole human miRNome profiling was performed following AG-205 treatment and PGRMC1 silencing. Network analysis identified miRNA target genes while KEGG, REACTOME and Gene ontology were used to explore altered signaling pathways, biological processes, and molecular functions. Results KEGG term pathway analysis revealed that upregulated miRNAs target specific genes that are involved in signaling pathways that play a major role in carcinogenesis. While multiple downregulated miRNAs are known oncogenes and have been previously demonstrated to be overexpressed in a variety of cancers. Overlapping miRNA target genes associated with KEGG term pathways were identified and overexpression/amplification of these genes was observed in invasive breast carcinoma tissue from TCGA. Further, the top two genes (CCND1 and YWHAZ) which are highly genetically altered are also associated with poorer overall survival. Conclusions Thus, our data demonstrates that therapeutic targeting of PGRMC1 in aggressive breast cancers leads to the activation of miRNAs that target overexpressed genes and deactivation of miRNAs that have oncogenic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Pedroza
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Matthew Ramirez
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Venkatesh Rajamanickam
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Ramadevi Subramani
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States.,Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Victoria Margolis
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Tugba Gurbuz
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Adriana Estrada
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Rajkumar Lakshmanaswamy
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States.,Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
155
|
Promising Anticancer Activities of Alismatis rhizome and Its Triterpenes via p38 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathways. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072455. [PMID: 34371964 PMCID: PMC8308894 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The flowering plant genus Alisma, which belongs to the family Alismataceae, comprises 11 species, including Alisma orientale, Alisma canaliculatum, and Alisma plantago-aquatica. Alismatis rhizome (Ze xie in Chinese, Takusha in Japanese, and Taeksa in Korean, AR), the tubers of medicinal plants from Alisma species, have long been used to treat inflammatory diseases, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, bacterial infection, edema, oliguria, diarrhea, and dizziness. Recent evidence has demonstrated that its extract showed pharmacological activities to effectively reverse cancer-related molecular targets. In particular, triterpenes naturally isolated from AR have been found to exhibit antitumor activity. This study aimed to describe the biological activities and plausible signaling cascades of AR and its main compounds in experimental models representing cancer-related physiology and pathology. Available in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that AR extract possesses anticancer activity against various cancer cells, and the efficacy might be attributed to the cytotoxic and antimetastatic effects of its alisol compounds, such as alisol A, alisol B, and alisol B 23-acetate. Several beneficial functions of triterpenoids found in AR might be due to p38 activation and inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways. Moreover, AR and its triterpenes inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells that are resistant to chemotherapy. Thus, AR and its triterpenes may play potential roles in tumor attack, as well as a therapeutic remedy alone and in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs.
Collapse
|
156
|
Yim C, Mansell K, Hussein N, Arnason T. Current cancer therapies and their influence on glucose control. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1010-1025. [PMID: 34326951 PMCID: PMC8311484 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i7.1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the development of hyperglycemia arising from widely used cancer therapies spanning four drug classes. These groups of medications were selected due to their significant association with new onset hyperglycemia, or of potentially severe clinical consequences when present. These classes include glucocorticoids that are frequently used in addition to chemotherapy treatments, and the antimetabolite class of 5-fluorouracil-related drugs. Both of these classes have been in use in cancer therapy since the 1950s. Also considered are the phosphatidyl inositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-inhibitors that provide cancer response advantages by disrupting cell growth, proliferation and survival signaling pathways, and have been in clinical use as early as 2007. The final class to be reviewed are the monoclonal antibodies selected to function as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). These were first used in 2011 for advanced melanoma and are rapidly becoming widely utilized in many solid tumors. For each drug class, the literature has been reviewed to answer relevant questions about these medications related specifically to the characteristics of the hyperglycemia that develops with use. The incidence of new glucose elevations in euglycemic individuals, as well as glycemic changes in those with established diabetes has been considered, as has the expected onset of hyperglycemia from their first use. This comparison emphasizes that some classes exhibit very immediate impacts on glucose levels, whereas other classes can have lengthy delays of up to 1 year. A comparison of the spectrum of severity of hyperglycemic consequences stresses that the appearance of diabetic ketoacidosis is rare for all classes except for the ICIs. There are distinct differences in the reversibility of glucose elevations after treatment is stopped, as the mTOR inhibitors and ICI classes have persistent hyperglycemia long term. These four highlighted drug categories differ in their underlying mechanisms driving hyperglycemia, with clinical presentations ranging from potent yet transient insulin resistant states [type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) -like] to rare permanent insulin-deficient causes of hyperglycemia. Knowledge of the relative incidence of new onset hyperglycemia and the underlying causes are critical to appreciate how and when to best screen and treat patients taking any of these cancer drug therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carly Yim
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 0W8, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Kerry Mansell
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E5, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Nassrein Hussein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 0W8, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Terra Arnason
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 0W8, Saskatchewan, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Ji D, Zhao Q, Qin Y, Tong H, Wang Q, Yu M, Mao C, Lu T, Qiu J, Jiang C. Germacrone improves liver fibrosis by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1866-1875. [PMID: 33835632 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a primary threat to public health, owing to limited therapeutic options. Germacrone (GM) has been shown to exert various curative effects against human diseases, including liver injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacological effects of GM in the pathophysiology of hepatic fibrosis and determine its potential mechanisms of action. A liver fibrosis rat model was established via carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) treatment, and LX-2 cells were stimulated with TGF-β1. The effects of GM on liver fibrosis and its relationship with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway were investigated. In the CCl4 fibrosis-induced rat model, GM improved histological damage, inhibited the activity of hepatic α-smooth muscle actin and improved serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in a dose-dependent manner. GM potently inhibited hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression, as reflected by the altered expression of proliferative (Ki-67, PCNA and cleaved caspase-3) and EMT-related (E-cadherin and vimentin) proteins. In TGF-β1-stimulated LX-2 cells, GM significantly inhibited the survival and activation of HSCs and induced cell apoptosis. GM also suppressed the migration ability and reversed the EMT process in HSCs. Following GM treatment, the phosphorylation of the PI3K, AKT and mTOR proteins was reduced in the liver of CCl4 -treated rats and TGF-β1-stimulated LX-2 cells, indicating that GM may attenuate hepatic fibrosis via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway. These outcomes highlight the anti-fibrotic effects of GM and suggest that it is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De Ji
- Department of Chinese Medicinal Processing, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Chinese Medicinal Resources, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuwen Qin
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Chinese Medicinal Resources, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huangjin Tong
- Department of Chinese Medicinal Processing, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiaohan Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicinal Processing, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengting Yu
- Department of Chinese Medicinal Processing, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunqin Mao
- Department of Chinese Medicinal Processing, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tulin Lu
- Department of Chinese Medicinal Processing, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinchun Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengxi Jiang
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Chinese Medicinal Resources, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
158
|
Zheng Y, Xie L, Xu S, Yan W, Zhang H, Meng Y, Liu J, Wei X. Effects of miR-202-5p silencing PIK3CA gene expression on proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cervical cancer SiHa cells through inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway activation. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:4031-4044. [PMID: 34244973 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
To explore the mechanism of miR-202-5p targeting the expression of PIK3CA and mediating the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway on the proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cervical cancer. The objects of study were 105 cases of cervical cancer and their corresponding normal tissues. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-202-5p and PIK3CA in adjacent normal tissue and cervical cancer tissue. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the targeting relationship between miR-202-5p and PIK3CA gene. Human cervical cancer cell lines HPV-16E6, SiHa, HeLa, and CaSki were purchased for our cell experiments. The expression levels of PIK3CA in the cells were detected by qRT-PCR. The cell line with higher expression levels was selected to complete the follow-up experiment. The cultured cells were transfected and divided into the miR-202-5p mimic NC group, miR-202-5p mimic group, miR-202-5p inhibitor NC group, miR-202-5p inhibitor group, siRNA-PIK3CA NC group, siRNA-PIK3CA group, miR-202-5p inhibitor NC + siRNA-PIK3CA NC group, miR-202-5p inhibitor + siRNA-PIK3CA NC group, and miR-202-5p inhibitor + siRNA-PIK3CA group. QRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-202-5p. Western blot and qRT-PCR were applied to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of related pathway proteins (PIK3CA, PI3K, PTEN, p-Akt1, and p-mTOR) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related factors (N-cadherin, E-cadherin, and vimentin). Cell proliferation was detected by plate colony formation assay. Transwell assay was used to detect the invasion ability of each group. When compared with the adjacent tissues, PIK3CA mRNA expression level was significantly increased and miR-202-5p expression level was significantly decreased in cervical cancer tissues (all P < 0.05). PIK3CA was a target gene of miR-202-5p. The mRNA expression level of PIK3CA in SiHa cervical cancer cells was significantly higher than that in CaSki, HeLa, and HPV-16E6 cells (all P < 0.05), and SiHa cervical cancer cells were selected to complete the follow-up experiments. When compared with the corresponding NC group, the expression of miR-202-5p in miR-202-5p mimic group was increased. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of E-cadherin and PTEN in miR-202-5p mimic and siRNA-PIK3CA groups were increased, and the protein expression of p-Akt1 and p-mTOR was decreased, and also, the mRNA and protein expression levels of PIK3CA, PI3K, N-cadherin, and vimentin were decreased (all P < 0.05); in miR-202-5p inhibitor group, the expression levels of miR-202-5p, E-cadherin, and PTEN decreased, the protein expression of p-Akt1 and p-mTOR increased, and the mRNA and protein expression of PIK3CA, PI3K, N-cadherin, and vimentin increased in miR-202-5p inhibitor group (all P < 0.05); in miR-202-5p inhibitor + siRNA-PIK3CA group, the expression of miR-202-5p decreased (P < 0.05), but the mRNA and protein expression of PIK3CA, PI3K, p-Akt1, p-mTOR, N-cadherin, E-cadherin, and vimentin had no significant changes (all P > 0.05). When compared with the corresponding NC group, the number of cell clones in miR-202-5p mimic group and siRNA-PIK3CA group was decreased, and the invasion ability of miR-202-5p inhibitor group was increased, and the invasion ability was enhanced (all P < 0.05); miR-202-5p inhibitor + siRNA-PIK3CA group showed no significant change in the number of cell clones and the rate of invasion (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the overexpression of miR-202-5p can suppress PIK3CA gene expression and the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to suppress the proliferation, invasion, and EMT of cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 89 Donggang Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang City, 050031, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 89 Donggang Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang City, 050031, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuwen Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 89 Donggang Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang City, 050031, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Yan
- Training & Research Support Center, Shijiazhuang Camps of the Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang City, 050031, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhen Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 89 Donggang Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang City, 050031, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Meng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 89 Donggang Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang City, 050031, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingqiao Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 89 Donggang Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang City, 050031, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xujing Wei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 89 Donggang Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang City, 050031, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
Pesi R, Allegrini S, Garcia-Gil M, Piazza L, Moschini R, Jordheim LP, Camici M, Tozzi MG. Cytosolic 5'-Nucleotidase II Silencing in Lung Tumor Cells Regulates Metabolism through Activation of the p53/AMPK Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137004. [PMID: 34209768 PMCID: PMC8268954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic 5′-nucleotidase II (cN-II) is an allosteric catabolic enzyme that hydrolyzes IMP, GMP, and AMP. The enzyme can assume at least two different structures, being the more active conformation stabilized by ATP and the less active by inorganic phosphate. Therefore, the variation in ATP concentration can control both structure and activity of cN-II. In this paper, using a capillary electrophoresis technique, we demonstrated that a partial silencing of cN-II in a pulmonary carcinoma cell line (NCI-H292) is accompanied by a decrease in adenylate pool, without affecting the energy charge. We also found that cN-II silencing decreased proliferation and increased oxidative metabolism, as indicated by the decreased production of lactate. These effects, as demonstrated by Western blotting, appear to be mediated by both p53 and AMP-activated protein kinase, as most of them are prevented by pifithrin-α, a known p53 inhibitor. These results are in line with our previous observations of a shift towards a more oxidative and less proliferative phenotype of tumoral cells with a low expression of cN-II, thus supporting the search for specific inhibitors of this enzyme as a therapeutic tool for the treatment of tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Pesi
- Unità di Biochimica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (R.P.); (L.P.); (R.M.); (M.C.); (M.G.T.)
| | - Simone Allegrini
- Unità di Biochimica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (R.P.); (L.P.); (R.M.); (M.C.); (M.G.T.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- CISUP, Centro per l’Integrazione della Strumentazione dell’Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-221-1459
| | - Mercedes Garcia-Gil
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- CISUP, Centro per l’Integrazione della Strumentazione dell’Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Unità di Fisiologia Generale, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Piazza
- Unità di Biochimica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (R.P.); (L.P.); (R.M.); (M.C.); (M.G.T.)
| | - Roberta Moschini
- Unità di Biochimica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (R.P.); (L.P.); (R.M.); (M.C.); (M.G.T.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- CISUP, Centro per l’Integrazione della Strumentazione dell’Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lars Petter Jordheim
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France;
| | - Marcella Camici
- Unità di Biochimica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (R.P.); (L.P.); (R.M.); (M.C.); (M.G.T.)
| | - Maria Grazia Tozzi
- Unità di Biochimica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (R.P.); (L.P.); (R.M.); (M.C.); (M.G.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
160
|
Xiao H, Xin W, Sun LM, Li SS, Zhang T, Ding XY. Comprehensive Proteomic Profiling of Aqueous Humor Proteins in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:3. [PMID: 34111250 PMCID: PMC8107506 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.6.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is a serious ocular disease that can lead to retinal microvascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. To date, no studies have explored PDR development by analyzing the aqueous humor (AH). Therefore we carried out tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomic quantification to compare AH protein profiles between PDR and non-PDR subjects. Methods We enrolled six PDR and six control (senile cataract) subjects. AH samples were collected during surgery and stored at –80°C. Proteins were extracted, trypsin-digested, and labeled with TMTs for mass spectrometric analysis. Results We found 191 proteins to be changed with |log2 (fold change)| ≥1 (P < 0.05 and identification with at least two peptides per protein). Of them, 111 were downregulated, whereas 80 were upregulated in the PDR group. Proteomic bioinformatic analysis indicated that PDR development was related to complement and coagulation cascades, platelet activation, extracellular matrix–receptor interaction, focal adhesion, protein digestion and absorption, human papillomavirus infection, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, cholesterol metabolism, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathways, fat digestion and absorption, and vitamin digestion and absorption pathways. Conclusions Comprehensive proteomic profiling of the AH revealed 191 differentially expressed proteins between the two groups. Most of these proteins belong to secretory pathways, and therefore can be used as biomarkers in clinical testing and basic research. Translational Relevance Pathway analysis and a review of the literature enabled us to draw a novel biological map that will support further studies on the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic control of PDR development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,The 7th Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen Xin
- The 7th Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li Mei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Song Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao Yan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
161
|
Yu L, Wei J, Liu P. Attacking the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway for targeted therapeutic treatment in human cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 85:69-94. [PMID: 34175443 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of human death globally. PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling is one of the most frequently dysregulated signaling pathways observed in cancer patients that plays crucial roles in promoting tumor initiation, progression and therapy responses. This is largely due to that PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling is indispensable for many cellular biological processes, including cell growth, metastasis, survival, metabolism, and others. As such, small molecule inhibitors targeting major kinase components of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway have drawn extensive attention and been developed and evaluated in preclinical models and clinical trials. Targeting a single kinase component within this signaling usually causes growth arrest rather than apoptosis associated with toxicity-induced adverse effects in patients. Combination therapies including PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors show improved patient response and clinical outcome, albeit developed resistance has been reported. In this review, we focus on revealing the mechanisms leading to the hyperactivation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in cancer and summarizing efforts for developing PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors as either mono-therapy or combination therapy in different cancer settings. We hope that this review will facilitate further understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing dysregulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR oncogenic signaling in cancer and provide insights into possible future directions for targeted therapeutic regimen for cancer treatment, by developing new agents, drug delivery systems, or combination regimen to target the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. This information will also provide effective patient stratification strategy to improve the patient response and clinical outcome for cancer patients with deregulated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Yu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Pengda Liu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
Goto K, Kukita Y, Honma K, Ogawa K, Nishida H, Takai T, Oishi T, Hishima T, Tanaka M, Isei T. Signet-ring cell/histiocytoid carcinoma of the axilla: a clinicopathological and genetic analysis of 11 cases, review of the literature, and comparison with potentially related tumours. Histopathology 2021; 79:926-939. [PMID: 34156717 DOI: 10.1111/his.14436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to determine the clinicopathological and genetic characteristics of axillary signet-ring cell/histiocytoid carcinoma (SRCHC) and the relationship between axillary SRCHC, eyelid SRCHC, and conventional apocrine carcinoma (AC). METHODS AND RESULTS Eleven cases of axillary SRCHC, four cases of eyelid SRCHC, eight cases of axillary AC and five cases of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) were retrieved. Additionally, 14 axillary and 43 eyelid SRCHC cases from the literature were reviewed. Male predominance was prominent for axillary SRCHC (24:1) and eyelid SRCHC (42:5). Axillary SRCHC formed a circumscribed plaque or nodule, unlike eyelid SRCHC. Lymph node metastasis was predominantly seen in axillary SRCHC cases (72%, 18/25), but not in eyelid SRCHC cases (19%, 9/47). Axillary SRCHC and eyelid SRCHC were histopathologically similar and showed rare tubular formations. Immunoexpression of cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 19, mucin 1, mucin 5AC, BerEP4 and androgen receptor was seen in all tested cases of the four diseases. Oestrogen and progesterone receptors were negative in both types of SRCHC and AC, but were strongly positive in ILCs. Complete loss of E-cadherin expression was seen in approximately one-quarter of both types of SRCHC and in all ILCs. PIK3CA mutations were detected in all three sequenced cases (two axillary SRCHCs and one eyelid SRCHC). CONCLUSION The histopathological, immunohistochemical and genetic findings suggest that both types of SRCHC are phenotypic variants of AC, although there are differences in sex, macroscopic findings and the frequency of lymph node metastasis among the three. In contrast, ILC differs from the other three tumour types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Goto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Disease Centre, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Itabashi Central Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Centre Hospital, Sunto, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Hyogo Cancer Centre, Akashi, Japan
| | - Yoji Kukita
- Laboratory of Genomic Pathology, Research Centre, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Honma
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Haruto Nishida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Takai
- Department of Dermatology, Hyogo Cancer Centre, Akashi, Japan
| | - Takuma Oishi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Centre Hospital, Sunto, Japan
| | - Tsunekazu Hishima
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Disease Centre, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Centre East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Isei
- Department of Dermatological Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Gheidari F, Arefian E, Adegani FJ, Kalhori MR, Seyedjafari E, Kabiri M, Teimoori-Toolabi L, Soleimani M. miR-424 induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and targets AKT1 and RAF1 oncogenes from the ERBB signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 906:174273. [PMID: 34153339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a lethal and incurable cancer. Tumor suppressor miRNAs are promising gene therapy tools for cancer treatment. In silico, we predicted miR-424 as a tumor suppressor. It had several target genes from the epidermal growth factor receptor (ERBB) signaling pathway that are overactive in most glioblastoma cases. We overexpressed miR-424 by lentiviral transduction of U-251 and U-87 glioblastoma cells confirmed with fluorescent microscopy and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Then the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) proliferation assay and scratch wound migration assay were performed to investigate the miR-424 tumor suppressor effect in glioblastoma. miR-424's effect on glioblastoma apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest was verified using Annexin V- phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and 7-minoactinomycin D (7-AAD) apoptosis assay and cell-cycle assay. miR-424 predicted target genes mRNA and protein level were measured after miR-424 overexpression in comparison to the control group by qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. We confirmed miR-424 direct target genes by dual-luciferase reporter assay. miR-424 overexpression significantly suppressed cell proliferation and migration rate in glioblastoma cells based on the MTT and scratch assays. Flow cytometry results confirmed that miR-424 promotes apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest in glioblastoma cells. Predicted target genes of miR-424 from the ERBB pathway were downregulated by miR-424 overexpression. qRT-PCR and western blotting showed that KRAS, RAF1, MAP2K1, EGFR, PDGFRA, AKT1, and mTOR mRNA expression levels and KRAS, RAF1, MAP2K1, EGFR, and AKT1 protein level, respectively, had significantly decreased as a result of miR-424 overexpression in comparison to the control group. Dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-424 directly targets RAF1 and AKT1 oncogenes. Overall, miR-424 acts as tumor suppressor miRNA in glioblastoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Gheidari
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Pediatric Cell Therapy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Jamshidi Adegani
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Natural and Medicinal Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Mohammad Reza Kalhori
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Seyedjafari
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahboubeh Kabiri
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ladan Teimoori-Toolabi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
Chen M, Jiang Y, Cai X, Lu X, Chao H. Combination of Gemcitabine and Thymosin alpha 1 exhibit a better anti-tumor effect on nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107829. [PMID: 34119916 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NNKTL) is an aggressive and poor prognostic malignant tumor along with high-level infection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Gemcitabine (Gem) and Thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) exert an anti-tumor effect in various cancers. However, the effect of the combination of Gem and Tα1 in NNKTL remains unknown. METHODS SNK6 cells were treated with Gem, Tα1 and Gem plus Tα1 for 48 h. The expression levels of EBV and inflammatory factors were measured by qRT-PCR assay. The effect of Gem and Tα1 on cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy was detected by CCK-8, colony formation, flow cytometry, autophagic flux measurement, respectively. Western blot was used to evaluate the expression of proteins related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), apoptosis and autophagy. In vivo xenograft models were used to further verify the roles of Gem and Tα1. Tumors were removed for weight measurement, H&E and IHC staining. RESULTS We identified that the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Gem and Tα1 was 116.5 μmol/ml and 1.334 μmol/ml. Alone or combined administration of Gem and Tα1 dramatically attenuated the EBV viral load and promoted inflammatory factors expression in SNK6 cells, among which the combination of Gem and Tα1 treatment showed the most significant effect. Besides, combination treatment with Gem and Tα1 markedly inhibited cell growth and EMT progress, and enhanced apoptosis and autophagy. Similarly, Gem combined with Tα1 suppressed tumor growth, promoted apoptosis and autophagy in vivo. Additionally, combination treatment with Gem and Tα1 inhibited PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. CONCLUSION In summary, combination administration of Gem and Tα1 suppressed the progression of NNKTL in vivo and in vitro. Our study provided an effective therapeutic strategy potentially for the clinical treatment of NNKTL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Chen
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Changzhou Second Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, China.
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Changzhou Second Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, China.
| | - Xiaohui Cai
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Changzhou Second Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, China
| | - Xuzhang Lu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Changzhou Second Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, China
| | - Hongying Chao
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Changzhou Second Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
Shi X, Zhang Y, Xie X, Pang M, Laster K, Li J, Ma X, Liu K, Dong Z, Kim DJ. Ipriflavone Suppresses Growth of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Through Inhibiting mTOR In Vitro and In Vivo. Front Oncol 2021; 11:648809. [PMID: 34178634 PMCID: PMC8222593 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.648809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ipriflavone, a synthetic isoflavone that inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption, has been used clinically for the treatment of osteoporosis. However, the anticancer activity of Ipriflavone and its molecular mechanisms in the context of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have not been investigated. In this study, we report that Ipriflavone is a novel mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor that suppresses cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis in ESCC cells. Ipriflavone inhibited anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of ESCC cells. Ipriflavone induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest and intrinsic cell apoptosis by activating caspase 3 and increasing the expression of cytochrome c. Based on the results of in vitro screening and cell-based assays, Ipriflavone inhibited mTOR signaling pathway through directly targeting mTOR. Knockdown of mTOR strongly inhibited the growth of ESCC cells, and the cell growth inhibitory effect exerted by Ipriflavone was found to be dependent upon mTOR signaling pathway. Remarkably, Ipriflavone strongly inhibited ESCC patient-derived xenograft tumor growth in an in vivo mouse model. Our findings suggest that Ipriflavone is an mTOR inhibitor that could be potentially useful for treating ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Shi
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaomeng Xie
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengjun Pang
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kyle Laster
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Li
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinli Ma
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China.,International Joint Research Center of Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China.,International Joint Research Center of Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
166
|
Kim SH, Baek KH. Regulation of Cancer Metabolism by Deubiquitinating Enzymes: The Warburg Effect. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126173. [PMID: 34201062 PMCID: PMC8226939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disorder of cell growth and proliferation, characterized by different metabolic pathways within normal cells. The Warburg effect is a major metabolic process in cancer cells that affects the cellular responses, such as proliferation and apoptosis. Various signaling factors down/upregulate factors of the glycolysis pathway in cancer cells, and these signaling factors are ubiquitinated/deubiquitinated via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Depending on the target protein, DUBs act as both an oncoprotein and a tumor suppressor. Since the degradation of tumor suppressors and stabilization of oncoproteins by either negative regulation by E3 ligases or positive regulation of DUBs, respectively, promote tumorigenesis, it is necessary to suppress these DUBs by applying appropriate inhibitors or small molecules. Therefore, we propose that the DUBs and their inhibitors related to the Warburg effect are potential anticancer targets.
Collapse
|
167
|
Shu X, Zhan PP, Sun LX, Yu L, Liu J, Sun LC, Yang ZH, Ran YL, Sun YM. BCAT1 Activates PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway and Contributes to the Angiogenesis and Tumorigenicity of Gastric Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:659260. [PMID: 34164393 PMCID: PMC8215359 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.659260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Focusing on antiangiogenesis may provide promising choices for treatment of gastric cancer (GC). This study aimed to investigate the mechanistic role of BCAT1 in the pathogenesis of GC, particularly in angiogenesis. METHODS Bioinformatics and clinical samples analysis were used to investigate the expression and potential mechanism of BCAT1 in GC. BGC823 cells with BCAT1 overexpression or silencing were induced by lentiviral transduction. Cell phenotypes and angiogenesis were evaluated. The relevant proteins were quantized by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, or immunofluorescence. Xenograft models were constructed to confirm the role of BCAT1 in vivo. RESULTS BCAT1 was overexpressed in GC patients and associated with lower survival. BCAT1 expression was correlated with proliferation-, invasion-, or angiogenesis-related markers expression and pathways. Silencing BCAT1 expression suppressed cell viability, colony formation, cycle progression, invasion, and angiogenesis of BGC823 cells, as well as the tumor growth of xenograft models, whereas overexpressing BCAT1 had the opposite results both in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis and Western blotting demonstrated that BCAT1 activated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. The addition of LY294002 reversed the tumor growth induced by BCAT1 overexpression, further verifying this mechanism. CONCLUSION BCAT1 might act as an oncogene by facilitating proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis through activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. This finding could aid the optimization of antiangiogenesis strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Shu
- Laboratory of Molecular Orthopedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing Research Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Beijing, China
| | - Pan-Pan Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Xin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Long Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Chao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Liang Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Min Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
168
|
Danesh Pazhooh R, Rahnamay Farnood P, Asemi Z, Mirsafaei L, Yousefi B, Mirzaei H. mTOR pathway and DNA damage response: A therapeutic strategy in cancer therapy. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 104:103142. [PMID: 34102579 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a conserved serine/threonine-protein kinase, comprising two subunit protein complexes: mTORC1 and mTORC2. In response to insult and cancer, the mTOR pathway plays a crucial role in regulating growth, metabolism, cell survival, and protein synthesis. Key subunits of mTORC1/2 catalyze the phosphorylation of various molecules, including eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), ribosomal protein S6 kinase β-1 (S6K1). The DNA damage response (DDR) maintains genomic stability and provides an opportunity for treating tumors with defects caused by DNA damaging agents. Many mTOR inhibitors are utilized for the treatment of cancers. However, several clinical trials are still assessing the efficacy of mTOR inhibitors. This paper discusses the role of the mTOR signaling pathway and its regulators in developing cancer. In the following, we will review the interaction between DDR and mTOR signaling and the innovative therapies applied in preclinical and clinical trials for treating cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Liaosadat Mirsafaei
- Department of Cardiology, Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
169
|
Current Perspective on the Natural Compounds and Drug Delivery Techniques in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112765. [PMID: 34199460 PMCID: PMC8199612 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the belligerent neoplasia that metastasize to other brain regions and invade nearby healthy tissues. However, the treatments available are associated with some limitations, such as high variations in solid tumors and deregulation of multiple cellular pathways. The heterogeneity of the GBM tumor and its aggressive infiltration into the nearby tissues makes it difficult to treat. Hence, the development of multimodality therapy that can be more effective, novel, with fewer side effects, improving the prognosis for GBM is highly desired. This review evaluated the use of natural phytoconstituents as an alternative for the development of a new therapeutic strategy. The key aspects of GBM and the potential of drug delivery techniques were also assessed, for tumor site delivery with limited side-effects. These efforts will help to provide better therapeutic options to combat GBM in future. Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the debilitating brain tumors, being associated with extremely poor prognosis and short median patient survival. GBM is associated with complex pathogenesis with alterations in various cellular signaling events, that participate in cell proliferation and survival. The impairment in cellular redox pathways leads to tumorigenesis. The current standard pharmacological regimen available for glioblastomas, such as radiotherapy and surgical resection following treatment with chemotherapeutic drug temozolomide, remains fatal, due to drug resistance, metastasis and tumor recurrence. Thus, the demand for an effective therapeutic strategy for GBM remains elusive. Hopefully, novel products from natural compounds are suggested as possible solutions. They protect glial cells by reducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting pro-oncogene events and intensifying the potent anti-tumor therapies. Targeting aberrant cellular pathways in the amelioration of GBM could promote the development of new therapeutic options that improve patient quality of life and extend survival. Consequently, our review emphasizes several natural compounds in GBM treatment. We also assessed the potential of drug delivery techniques such as nanoparticles, Gliadel wafers and drug delivery using cellular carriers which could lead to a novel path for the obliteration of GBM.
Collapse
|
170
|
|
171
|
Sun R, Chen C, Deng X, Wang F, Song S, Cai Q, Wang J, Zhang T, Shi M, Ke Q, Luo Z. IL-11 mediates the Radioresistance of Cervical Cancer Cells via the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. J Cancer 2021; 12:4638-4647. [PMID: 34149927 PMCID: PMC8210555 DOI: 10.7150/jca.56185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the female reproductive system. Radioresistance remains a significant factor that limits the efficacy of radiotherapy for cervical cancer. Interleukin-11 (IL-11) has been reported to be upregulated in various types of human cancer and correlate with clinical stage and poor survival. However, the exact effects and mechanisms of IL-11 in the radioresistance of cervical cancer have not yet been defined. In this research, TCGA databases revealed that IL-11 expression was upregulated in cervical cancer tissues and was associated with clinical stages and poor prognosis in cervical cancer patients. We discovered that IL-11 concentration was significantly upregulated in radioresistant cervical cancer cells. Knocking down IL-11 in Hela cells could reduce clonogenic survival rate, decrease cell viability, induce G2/M phase block, and facilitate cell apoptosis. In contrast, Exogeneous IL-11 in C33A cells could upregulate clonogenic survival rate, increase cell viability, curb G2/M phase block, and cell apoptosis. Mechanistic investigations showed that radioresistance conferred by IL-11 was attributed to the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Altogether, our results demonstrate that IL-11 might be involved in radioresistance, and IL-11 may be a potent radiosensitization target for cervical cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruige Sun
- Postgraduate Training Basement of Jinzhou Medical University, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | - Chunli Chen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | - Xinzhou Deng
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | - Fengqin Wang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | - Shimao Song
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | - Qiang Cai
- Graduate School of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Institute of Medicine and Nursing, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | - Te Zhang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | - Mingliang Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhushan People's Hospital, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | - Qing Ke
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | - Zhiguo Luo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China
| |
Collapse
|
172
|
He H, Shao X, Li Y, Gihu R, Xie H, Zhou J, Yan H. Targeting Signaling Pathway Networks in Several Malignant Tumors: Progresses and Challenges. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:675675. [PMID: 34135756 PMCID: PMC8203325 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.675675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors remain the health problem of highest concern among people worldwide due to its high mortality and recurrence. Lung, gastric, liver, colon, and breast cancers are among the top five malignant tumors in terms of morbidity and mortality. In cancer biology, aberrant signaling pathway regulation is a prevalent theme that drives the generation, metastasis, invasion, and other processes of all malignant tumors. The Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Notch and NF-kB pathways are widely concerned and signal crosstalks exist in the five solid tumors. This review provides an innovative summary of the recent progress in research on these signaling pathways, the underlying mechanism of the molecules involved in these pathways, and the important role of some miRNAs in tumor-related signaling pathways. It also presents a brief review of the antitumor molecular drugs that target these signaling pathways. This review may provide a theoretical basis for the study of the molecular biological mechanism of malignant tumors and vital information for the development of new treatment strategies with a focus on efficacy and the reduction of side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongdan He
- Qinghai Tibet Plateau Research Institute, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoni Shao
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ribu Gihu
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haochen Xie
- Qinghai Tibet Plateau Research Institute, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junfu Zhou
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengxiu Yan
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
173
|
Li T, Copeland C, Le A. Glutamine Metabolism in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1311:17-38. [PMID: 34014532 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism is a fundamental process for all cellular functions. For decades, there has been growing evidence of a relationship between metabolism and malignant cell proliferation. Unlike normal differentiated cells, cancer cells have reprogrammed metabolism in order to fulfill their energy requirements. These cells display crucial modifications in many metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis and glutaminolysis, which include the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, the electron transport chain (ETC), and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) [1]. Since the discovery of the Warburg effect, it has been shown that the metabolism of cancer cells plays a critical role in cancer survival and growth. More recent research suggests that the involvement of glutamine in cancer metabolism is more significant than previously thought. Glutamine, a nonessential amino acid with both amine and amide functional groups, is the most abundant amino acid circulating in the bloodstream [2]. This chapter discusses the characteristic features of glutamine metabolism in cancers and the therapeutic options to target glutamine metabolism for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Anne Le
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
174
|
Park JK, Coffey NJ, Limoges A, Le A. The Heterogeneity of Lipid Metabolism in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1311:39-56. [PMID: 34014533 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The study of cancer cell metabolism has traditionally focused on glycolysis and glutaminolysis. However, lipidomic technologies have matured considerably over the last decade and broadened our understanding of how lipid metabolism is relevant to cancer biology [1-3]. Studies now suggest that the reprogramming of cellular lipid metabolism contributes directly to malignant transformation and progression [4, 5]. For example, de novo lipid synthesis can supply proliferating tumor cells with phospholipid components that comprise the plasma and organelle membranes of new daughter cells [6, 7]. Moreover, the upregulation of mitochondrial β-oxidation can support tumor cell energetics and redox homeostasis [8], while lipid-derived messengers can regulate major signaling pathways or coordinate immunosuppressive mechanisms [9-11]. Lipid metabolism has, therefore, become implicated in a variety of oncogenic processes, including metastatic colonization, drug resistance, and cell differentiation [10, 12-16]. However, whether we can safely and effectively modulate the underlying mechanisms of lipid metabolism for cancer therapy is still an open question.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K Park
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathan J Coffey
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aaron Limoges
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
175
|
Guo Y, Jin Y, Qu B, Zhang Y, Che J, Dong X. An updated patent review of Akt inhibitors (2016-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:837-849. [PMID: 33834942 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1915291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Akt is a widely known serine threonine kinase involved in a series of critical cellular pathways like cell survival and proliferation. With the development of small-molecule Akt inhibitors, new strategies such as covalent, peptide-based, and PROTAC (Proteolysis Targeting Chimera) strategies have also been used the design of Akt inhibitors. On the other hand, due to the specificity of the Akt pathway, the use of Akt modulators in combination therapy and immunotherapy has been disclosed in the past 5 years.Areas covered: This review focuses on the patent literature covering small-molecule inhibitors of Akt kinase and their applications from 2016-present.Expert opinion: Although Akt inhibitors' progress has been somewhat slow over the past five years, new strategies still provide new opportunities for the development of Akt inhibitors. Combination with Akt pathway inhibitors for tumor therapy has also been widely disclosed in patents in the last 5 years. Notably, combination strategies of Akt inhibitors and immunotherapy have started to emerge in recent years. While the clinical indications of Akt modulators should not be limited to anti-cancer, it is still worth trying the treatment of other diseases. Within the next years, current drug development around Akt inhibitors should be fascinating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yizhen Jin
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Bingxue Qu
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jinxin Che
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowu Dong
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
176
|
Sun BL, Cai EB, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Yang LM, Wang JY. Arctigenin Triggers Apoptosis and Autophagy via PI3K/Akt/mTOR Inhibition in PC-3M Cells. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:472-480. [PMID: 33627540 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Arctigenin (ARG), a natural lignans compound isolated from Arctium lappa L. In this study, the anti-tumor effect of ARG on prostate cancer cell PC-3M and the mechanism of apoptosis and autophagy induced by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway were discussed, and further confirmed by the joint treatment of ARG and PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Here, the effect of ARG on cell viability was evaluated in PC-3M cells by Cell Counting Kit-8 reagent (CCK-8) assay. After the treatment of ARG, colony formation assay was used to detect the anti-proliferation effect. Annexin V-fluoresceine isothiocyanate/propidium iodide (FITC/PI) kit and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining were used to detect the apoptosis level, and cell cycle changes were analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of autophagy was detected by acridine orange staining. In addition, the expression levels of apoptosis and autophagy-related proteins were analyzed by Western blot. The result showed that different concentrations of ARG inhibited the proliferation of PC-3M cells. DAPI staining and flow cytometry showed that ARG induced PC-3M cell apoptosis and arrested cell in G0/G1 phase. Acridine orange staining showed that ARG induced autophagy in PC-3M cells. Western blot experiments showed that ARG inhibited the expression of Bcl-2, promoted the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3. At the same time, the expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3B-II and Beclin-1 increased after ARG treatment, but P62 decreased. In addition, further studies have shown that treatment with LY294002 enhanced the effects of ARG on the expression of proteins associated with apoptosis and autophagy, indicating that ARG may induce apoptosis and autophagy through PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Ling Sun
- College of Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University
| | - En-Bo Cai
- College of Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University
| | - Li-Min Yang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University
| | - Jing-Yao Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University
| |
Collapse
|
177
|
Antiprostate Cancer Activity of Ineupatolide Isolated from Carpesium cernuum L. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5515961. [PMID: 33996996 PMCID: PMC8105106 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5515961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the antiprostate cancer effects and mechanism of ineupatolide (T-21), a natural product isolated from the Compositae plant Carpesium cernuum L., on PC-3 human prostate cancer cells. Methods The effect of T-21 on the proliferation of PC-3 cells was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, cell migration, and invasion experiments; the morphology of cell apoptosis was observed by Hoechst-propidium iodide staining; the effects of T-21 on PC-3 cell apoptosis and the cell cycle were evaluated by flow cytometry; and the effect of T-21 on the expression levels of phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT), AKT, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (xlAP), procaspase-3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in PC-3 cells was measured by western blotting. Results T-21 significantly inhibited the proliferation of cells, and its half-maximal inhibitory concentrations at 12, 24, and 48 h were 38.46 ± 1.01, 24.63 ± 0.70, and 7.36 ± 0.58 μM, respectively. T-21 may promote cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner and block the cell cycle in the G2 and S phases. In addition, T-21 significantly reduced the protein expression levels of p-AKT, AKT, xlAP, procaspase-3, and PARP. Conclusion T-21 exhibits antiproliferation effects on PC-3 cells by promoting apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle in the G2 and S phases. The possible mechanism underlying its potential therapeutic effects against prostate cancer is related to the AKT/xlAP pathway.
Collapse
|
178
|
Afify SM, Oo AKK, Hassan G, Seno A, Seno M. How can we turn the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway down? Insights into inhibition and treatment of cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2021; 21:605-619. [PMID: 33857392 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2021.1918001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase-B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway is a fundamental regulator of cell proliferation and survival. Dysregulation in this pathway leads to the development of cancer. Accumulating evidence indicates that dysregulation in this pathway is involved in cancer initiation, progression, and recurrence. However, the pathway consists of various signal transducing factors related with cellular events, such as transformation, tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and drug resistance. Therefore, it is very important to determine the targets in this pathway for cancer therapy. Although many drugs inhibiting this signaling pathway are in clinical trials or have been approved for treating solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, further understanding of the signaling mechanism is required to achieve better therapeutic efficacy.Areas covered: In this review, we have describe the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in detail, along with its critical role in cancer stem cells, for identifying potential therapeutic targets. We also summarize the recent developments in different types of signaling inhibitors.Expert opinion: Downregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is very important for treating all types of cancers. Thus, further studies are required to establish novel prognostic factors to support the current progress in cancer treatment with emphasis on this pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Said M Afify
- Department of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Division of Biochemistry, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin, El Kom-Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Aung Ko Ko Oo
- Department of Biotechnology, Mandalay Technological University, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Ghmkin Hassan
- Department of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Akimasa Seno
- Department of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masaharu Seno
- Department of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
179
|
Liang MK, Liang XQ, Zhong J, Wei YT, Lian ZP, Huang ZK, Liang J. Integrative analysis of epigenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics to identify key targets and pathways of Weining granule for gastric cancer. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113787. [PMID: 33422657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Weining granule (WNG) is a "Qi-Enriching and Kidney-Tonifying, Spleen-Reinforcing and Stasis-Removing" formula for gastric cancer (GC). Past research we noted WNG inhibited cell growth and raised apoptosis in GC. However, the underlying mechanism of WNG for GC have yet to be systematically clarified. AIM OF THE STUDY We sought to characterize the molecular landscape of GC cells in vitro after WNG treated, to identify the molecular targets and pathways that were associated with WNG for inducing the apoptosis of GC cells, and further to clarify underlying molecular mechanism of WNG for GC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed the techniques of RNA sequencing, tandem mass tags (TMT) based quantitative proteomics, and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) in WNG-treated/or untreated SGC-7901 GC cells to gain a comprehensive molecular portrait of WNG treatment. Then we integrated methylomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics data to carry out the bioinformatics analysis, and constructed the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to identify molecular targets, and to discover the underlying signaling pathways associated with WNG for GC by network analysis. Besides, we verified the candidate target genes by Kaplan-Meier plotter database. RESULTS We identified 1249 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from RNA expression datasets, 191 significant differentially abunabundant proteins (DAPs) from proteomics datasets, and 8293 significant differentially methylated regions (DMRs) from DNA methylation datasets. GO and KEGG analysis showed DEGs, DAPs, and DMRs enriched in the cancer-related biological processes of calcium signaling pathway, pathways in cancer, metabolic pathways, MAPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and transcriptional misregulation in cancer. We integrated three profile datasets and performed network analysis to distinguish the hub genes, and finally the genes of SOD2, HMOX1, MMP1, SRXN1, NOTCH1, MAPK14, TXNIP, VEGFA, POLR2F, and HSPA9 were identified. The Kaplan-Meier plotter confirmed that SOD2, MMP1, SRXN1, NOTCH1, MAPK14, TXNIP, VEGFA, and HSPA9 were significantly correlated with OS in GC patients (P < 0.01), while HMOX1 and POLR2F expression were not significantly relevant to survival of GC patients (P > 0.01). CONCLUSIONS SOD2, MMP1, SRXN1, NOTCH1, MAPK14, TXNIP, VEGFA, and HSPA9 were the predictive pharmaceutical targets of WNG for GC. The anticancer function of WNG was significantly associated with the pathways of focal adhesion pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and Wnt signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Kun Liang
- Integrative Medicine Institute, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China; Department of Science and Technology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 541100, China
| | - Xing-Qiu Liang
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Department of Science and Technology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 541100, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Yu-Ting Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Zu-Ping Lian
- Department of Science and Technology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 541100, China
| | - Zheng-Kai Huang
- Integrative Medicine Institute, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Jian Liang
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
180
|
Akinduro OO, Suarez-Meade P, Garcia D, Brown DA, Sarabia-Estrada R, Attia S, Gokaslan ZL, Quiñones-Hinojosa A. Targeted Therapy for Chordoma: Key Molecular Signaling Pathways and the Role of Multimodal Therapy. Target Oncol 2021; 16:325-337. [PMID: 33893940 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-021-00814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chordoma is a rare but devastating tumor that arises in the cranial skull base or spine. There are currently no US Food and Drug Administration-approved targeted therapies for chordoma, and little understanding of whether using more than one therapy has benefit over monotherapy. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to systematically review the current status of clinical trials completed for patients with chordoma to determine if multimodal therapy offers a benefit in progression-free survival over monomodal therapy. METHODS We performed a systematic review of the literature according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to review the available clinical trials of targeted therapy for chordoma. We compiled the clinical data to determine if there is a benefit of multimodal therapy over monotherapy. RESULTS Our search resulted in 11 clinical trials including 270 patients with advanced chordoma who were treated with targeted therapies. The most commonly employed targeted therapies acted within the following pathways: platelet-derived growth factor receptor (187 patients), vascular endothelial growth factor (66 patients), and mammalian target of rapamycin (43 patients). Reported progression-free survival for included studies ranged from 2.5 to 58 months, with the longest progression-free survival in a trial that included a platelet-derived growth factor receptor inhibitor, nilotinib, and concurrent radiotherapy (58.2 months). There was a higher range of progression-free survival for trials treating patients with multimodal therapy (10.2-14 months vs 2.5-9.2 months, except for a monotherapy trial published in 2020 with a progression-free survival of 18 months), and those published in 2018 or later (14-58.2 months vs 2.5-10.2 months). Only 23% of patients with chordoma in published clinical trials have been treated with multimodal therapy. CONCLUSIONS Progression-free survival may be enhanced by the use of targeted therapy with concurrent radiotherapy, use of multimodal therapy, and use of newer targeted therapy. Future clinical trials should consider use of concurrent radiotherapy and multimodal therapy for patients with advanced chordoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun O Akinduro
- Brain Tumor Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd. S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Paola Suarez-Meade
- Brain Tumor Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd. S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Diogo Garcia
- Brain Tumor Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd. S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | | | - Rachel Sarabia-Estrada
- Brain Tumor Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd. S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Steven Attia
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ziya L Gokaslan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa
- Brain Tumor Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd. S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
181
|
Hsiao HH, Wu TC, Tsai YH, Kuo CH, Huang RH, Hong YH, Huang CY. Effect of Oversulfation on the Composition, Structure, and In Vitro Anti-Lung Cancer Activity of Fucoidans Extracted from Sargassum aquifolium. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:215. [PMID: 33921340 PMCID: PMC8069878 DOI: 10.3390/md19040215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive efforts have been undertaken in the fields of prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of lung cancer. Fucoidans exhibit a wide range of biological activities, which are dependent on the degree of sulfation, sulfation pattern, glycosidic branches, and molecular weight of fucoidan. The determination of oversulfation of fucoidan and its effect on anti-lung cancer activity and related signaling cascades is challenging. In this investigation, we used a previously developed fucoidan (SCA), which served as a native fucoidan, to generate two oversulfated fucoidan derivatives (SCA-S1 and SCA-S2). SCA, SCA-S1, and SCA-S2 showed differences in compositions and had the characteristic structural features of fucoidan by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. The anticancer properties of SCA, SCA-S1, and SCA-S2 against human lung carcinoma A-549 cells were analyzed in terms of cytotoxicity, cell cycle, Bcl-2 expression, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), expression of caspase-3, cytochrome c release, Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining, DNA fragmentation, and the underlying signaling cascades. Our findings indicate that the oversulfation of fucoidan promotes apoptosis of lung cancer cells and the mechanism may involve the Akt/mTOR/S6 pathway. Further in vivo research is needed to establish the precise mechanism whereby oversulfated fucoidan mitigates the progression of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hua Hsiao
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Chiu Wu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiang Tsai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No. 142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih District, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; (Y.-H.T.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Chia-Hung Kuo
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No. 142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih District, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; (Y.-H.T.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Ren-Han Huang
- Mackay Memorial Hospital Emergency Department, No. 92, Sec. 2, Zhongshan North Rd., Taipei City 10449, Taiwan;
| | - Yong-Han Hong
- Department of Nutrition, Yanchao Campus, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yung Huang
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No. 142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih District, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; (Y.-H.T.); (C.-H.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
182
|
Yang MH, Baek SH, Ha IJ, Um JY, Ahn KS. Brassinin enhances the anticancer actions of paclitaxel by targeting multiple signaling pathways in colorectal cancer cells. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3875-3885. [PMID: 33792984 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brassinin (BSN), a precursor of phytoalexins, extracted from Chinese cabbage has been reported to act as a promising anti-neoplastic agent. However, the effects of BSN on colon cancer cells and its underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed at investigating the anti-neoplastic impact of BSN and its possible synergistic effect with paclitaxel on colon cancer cells. The effect of BSN on Janus-activated kinases (JAKs)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways and its downstream functions was deciphered using diverse assays in colon carcinoma cells. We found that BSN displayed significant cytotoxic effect and suppressed cell proliferation on colon carcinoma cells. Additionally, it was noted that BSN modulated oncogenic gene expression and induced apoptosis through down regulating multiple oncogenic signaling cascades such as JAKs/STAT3 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR simultaneously. Besides, BSN-paclitaxel combination significantly increased cytotoxicity and induced apoptosis synergistically as compared with individual treatment of both the agents. Overall, our findings indicate that BSN may be a novel candidate for anti-colon cancer targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Hee Yang
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Ho Baek
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, South Korea
| | - In Jin Ha
- Korean Medicine Clinical Trial Center (K-CTC), Korean Medicine Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
183
|
Up-regulation of nPKC contributes to proliferation of mice pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 900:174046. [PMID: 33745958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study is designed to investigate the role of novel protein kinases C (nPKC) in mediating pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation in pulmonary hypertension (PH) and the underlying mechanisms. Mouse PASMCs was isolated using magnetic separation technology. The PASMCs were divided into 24 h group, 48 h group and 72 h group according to different hypoxia treatment time, then detected cell proliferation rate and nPKC expression level in each group. We treated PASMCs with agonists or inhibitors of PKCdelta (PKCδ) and PKCepsilon (PKCε) and exposed them to hypoxia or normoxia for 72 h, then measured the proliferation of PASMCs. We also constructed a lentiviral vector containing siRNA fragments for inhibiting PKCδ and PKCε to transfected PASMCs, then examined their proliferation. PASMCs isolated successfully by magnetic separation method and were in good condition. Hypoxia promoted the proliferation of PASMCs, and the treatment for 72 h had the most significant effect. Hypoxia upregulated the expression of PKCδ and PKCε in mouse PASMCs, leading to PASMCs proliferation. Moreover, Our study demonstrated that hypoxia induced upregulation of PKCδ and PKCε expression resulting to the proliferation of PASMCs via up-regulating the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK. Our study provides clear evidence that increased nPKC expression contributes to PASMCs proliferation and uncovers the correlation between AKT and ERK pathways and nPKC-mediated proliferation of PASMCs. These findings may provide novel targets for molecular therapy of pulmonary hypertension.
Collapse
|
184
|
Rodrigues ACBDC, Costa RGA, Silva SLR, Dias IRSB, Dias RB, Bezerra DP. Cell signaling pathways as molecular targets to eliminate AML stem cells. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 160:103277. [PMID: 33716201 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains the most lethal of leukemias and a small population of cells called leukemic stem cells (LSCs) has been associated with disease relapses. Some cell signaling pathways play an important role in AML survival, proliferation and self-renewal properties and are abnormally activated or suppressed in LSCs. This includes the NF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog, Notch, EGFR, JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, TGF/SMAD and PPAR pathways. This review aimed to discuss these pathways as molecular targets for eliminating AML LSCs. Herein, inhibitors/activators of these pathways were summarized as a potential new anti-AML therapy capable of eliminating LSCs to guide future researches. The clinical use of cell signaling pathways data can be useful to enhance the anti-AML therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafaela G A Costa
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Suellen L R Silva
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Ingrid R S B Dias
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Rosane B Dias
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Daniel P Bezerra
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
185
|
Gan D, Su Q, Su H, Wu L, Chen J, Han B, Xiang M. Burn Ointment Promotes Cutaneous Wound Healing by Modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:631102. [PMID: 33762951 PMCID: PMC7982805 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.631102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Burn ointment (BO) is a clinically useful medicine for the treatment of burns and scalds. However, there is no enough scientific evidence to report the effect of BO on wound healing and its analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy. The aim of this work was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic efficacy of BO and to reveal the potential wound healing properties and related mechanisms of BO. In this work, the content of active ingredients of BO was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two animal models of inflammation were used to study its anti-inflammatory activity, and a hot plate method was used to evaluate its analgesic effect. In addition, mouse incision and rat burn models were used to investigate the effect of BO on the anti-inflammatory and wound healing mechanisms. The results showed that BO was safe for topical application, and BO could significantly inhibit auricular swelling in mice and paw swelling in rats and significantly prolong the latency period of paw licking in the hot plate experiment in mice. It can also accelerate wound healing and repair scars by promoting the formation of new epithelial tissues in rat burn models. In addition, BO significantly downregulated the serum level of TNF-α and significantly increased the serum levels of VEGF and TGF-β1. Also, BO promoted the expression of collagen I and increased the ratio in p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, and p-mTOR/mTOR pathways. Our results demonstrate the safety and efficacy of BO and suggest that activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway may play an important role in the promotion of wound healing by BO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dali Gan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiyuan Su
- Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Hanwen Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No.1 Hospital (Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine), Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Meixian Xiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
186
|
Yan H, Wang H, Yin Y, Zou J, Xiao F, Yi L, He Y, He B. GHR is involved in gastric cell growth and apoptosis via PI3K/AKT signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2450-2458. [PMID: 33492754 PMCID: PMC7933969 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone receptor (GHR), the cognate receptor of growth hormone (GH), is a membrane bound receptor that belongs to the class I cytokine receptor superfamily. GH binding GHR induces cell differentiation and maturation, initiates the anabolism inside the cells and promotes cell proliferation. Recently, GHR has been reported to be associated with various types of cancer. However, the underlying mechanism of GHR in gastric cancer has not been defined. Our results showed that silence of GHR inhibited the growth of SGC-7901 and MGC-803 cells, and tumour development in mouse xenograft model. Flow cytometry showed that GHR knockout significantly stimulated gastric cancer cell apoptosis and caused G1 cell cycle arrest, which was also verified by Western blot that GHR deficiency induced the protein level of cleaved-PARP, a valuable marker of apoptosis. In addition, GHR deficiency inhibited the activation of PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. On the basis of the results, that GHR regulates gastric cancer cell growth and apoptosis through controlling G1 cell cycle progression via mediating PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. These findings provide a novel understanding for the role of GHR in gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong‐Zhu Yan
- Department of PathologySeventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCMShanghaiChina
| | - Hua‐Feng Wang
- Department of PathologyRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yueling Yin
- Department of PathologyHaiyang People's HospitalHaiyangChina
| | - Jue Zou
- Department of PathologySeventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCMShanghaiChina
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department of PathologySeventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCMShanghaiChina
| | - Li‐Na Yi
- Department of PathologySeventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCMShanghaiChina
| | - Ying He
- Department of UltrasoundThe Tumor Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Bo‐Sheng He
- Department of RadiologyAffiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
- Clinical Medicine Research CenterAffiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| |
Collapse
|
187
|
Guevara-Aguirre J, Bautista C, Torres C, Peña G, Guevara C, Palacios C, Guevara A, Gavilanes AWD. Insights from the clinical phenotype of subjects with Laron syndrome in Ecuador. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:59-70. [PMID: 33047268 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09602-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Ecuadorian cohort of subjects with LS has taught us valuable lessons since the late 80's. We have learned about migration of Sephardic Jews to our country, their isolation in remote hamlets and further inbreeding. These geographical, historical and social determinants induced dissemination of a growth hormone (GH) receptor mutation which widely occurred in those almost inaccessible villages. Consequently, the world's largest Laron syndrome (LS) cohort emerged in Loja and El Oro, two of the southern provinces of Ecuador. We have been fortunate to study these patients since 1987. New clinical features derived from GH insensitivity, their growth patterns as well as treatment with exogenous insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) have been reported. Novel biochemical characteristics in the field of GH insensitivity, IGFs, IGF binding proteins (BP) and their clinical correlates have also been described. In the last few years, studies on the morbidity and mortality of Ecuadorian LS adults surprisingly demonstrated that despite obesity, they had lower incidence of diabetes and cancer than their relatives. These events were linked to their metabolic phenotype of elevated but ineffective GH concentrations and low circulating IGF-I and IGFBP-3. It was also noted that absent GH counter-regulation induces a decrease in insulin resistance (IR), which results in low but highly efficient insulin levels which properly handle metabolic substrates. We propose that the combination of low IGF-I signaling, decreased IR, and efficient serum insulin concentrations are reasonable explanations for the diminished incidence of diabetes and cancer in these subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Guevara-Aguirre
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles s/n y Pampite, Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador.
- Instituto de Endocrinología IEMYR, Quito, Ecuador.
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Camila Bautista
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles s/n y Pampite, Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Torres
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles s/n y Pampite, Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Gabriela Peña
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles s/n y Pampite, Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carolina Guevara
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles s/n y Pampite, Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador
- Instituto de Endocrinología IEMYR, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Cristina Palacios
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles s/n y Pampite, Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
188
|
Liu X, Liu W, Ding C, Zhao Y, Chen X, Ling D, Zheng Y, Cheng Z. Taxifolin, Extracted from Waste Larix olgensis Roots, Attenuates CCl 4-Induced Liver Fibrosis by Regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and TGF-β1/Smads Signaling Pathways. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:871-887. [PMID: 33664566 PMCID: PMC7924258 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s281369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Taxifolin is a kind of dihydroflavone and is usually used as a food additive and health food for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities. The purpose of this research is to probe into the hepatoprotective activity and the molecular mechanism of taxifolin. Materials and Methods The liver fibrosis model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 5 mL/kg body weight of CCl4 (20% CCl4 peanut oil solution), and taxifolin was dissolved with 0.9% physiological saline and administered intragastrically to mice. Results The results indicated that CCl4-induced significantly increased the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in mice. Histopathological examination showed severe hepatocyte necrosis and hepatic tissue lesion. Immunohistochemical staining and rt-PCR analysis demonstrated that the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were increased. These changes were significantly reversed when treated with taxifolin. In addition, TUNEL staining and Bcl-2/Bax pathway confirmed that taxifolin significantly inhibited hepatocyte apoptosis. Besides, the research confirmed that taxifolin also inhibited the activation of hepatic stellate cells and the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR and TGF-β1/Smads pathways. Conclusion Taxifolin inhibited inflammation, and attenuated CCl4-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR and TGF-β1/Smads pathways, which might in part contributed to taxifolin anti-hepatic fibrosis, further demonstrating that taxifolin may be an efficient hepatoprotective agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencong Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China.,State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanbo Ding
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchun Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Chen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Ling
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinan Zheng
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
189
|
Kara A, Özgür A, Tekin Ş, Tutar Y. Computational Analysis of Drug Resistance Network in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:566-578. [PMID: 33602077 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210218175439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a significant health problem and accounts for one-third of the deaths worldwide. A great majority of these deaths are caused by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Chemotherapy is the leading treatment method for NSCLC, but resistance to chemotherapeutics is an important limiting factor that reduces the treatment success of patients with NSCLC. OBJECTIVE In this study, the relationship between differentially expressed genes affecting the survival of the patients, according to the bioinformatics analyses, and the mechanism of drug resistance is investigated for non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma patients. METHODS Five hundred thirteen patient samples were compared with fifty-nine control samples. The employed dataset was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The information on how the drug activity altered against the expressional diversification of the genes was extracted from the NCI-60 database. Four hundred thirty-three drugs with known mechanism of action (MoA) were analyzed. Diversifications of the activity of these drugs related to genes were considered based on nine lung cancer cell lines virtually. The analyses were performed using R programming language, GDCRNATools, rcellminer, and Cytoscape. RESULTS This work analyzed the common signaling pathways and expressional alterations of the proteins in these pathways associated with survival and drug resistance in lung adenocarcinoma. Deduced computational data demonstrated that proteins of EGFR, JNK/MAPK, NF-κB, PI3K /AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, and Wnt signaling pathways were associated with molecular mechanism of resistance to anticancer drugs in NSCLC cells. CONCLUSION To understand the relationships between resistance to anticancer drugs and EGFR, JNK/MAPK, NF-κB, PI3K /AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, and Wnt signaling pathways is an important approach to design effective therapeutics for individuals with NSCLC adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Altan Kara
- TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Gebze, . Turkey
| | - Aykut Özgür
- Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Artova Vocational School, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory and Veterinary Health Program, Tokat, . Turkey
| | - Şaban Tekin
- University of Health Sciences, Turkey, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Biology, İstanbul, . Turkey
| | - Yusuf Tutar
- University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Molecular Oncology, Istanbul, . Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
190
|
Ye XS, Tian WJ, Zhou M, Zeng DQ, Lin T, Wang GH, Yao XS, Chen HF. Prenylated flavonoids from Ficus hirta induces HeLa cells apoptosis via MAPK and AKT signaling pathways. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 38:127859. [PMID: 33609662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A pair of undescribed enantiomers, (±) ficusflavonid A (1a/1b), along with five known analogues, were isolated from the roots of Ficus hirta. Their structures were determined by the analysis of extensive spectroscopic data (including UV, IR, HRESIMS and NMR). Two enantiomers (1a and 1b) were successfully separated by chiral chromatographic column and their absolute configurations were assigned by the comparison of experimental and calculated ECD data. The cytotoxicity of all the isolates against HeLa, MCF-7, HepG2 and H460 cell lines were evaluated by MTT assay. Among them, 4 suppressed the proliferation of HeLa cells with the IC50 value of 28.88 μM. Furthermore, the apoptotic effect of 4 on HeLa cells and the level of several crucial proteins in AKT/MAPKs signaling pathways were analyzed by flow cytometer and western blot assay. As a result, 4 induced HeLa cell apoptosis in a dose dependent manner and significantly increased the protein levels of p-JNK and p-p38, whereas distinctly reduced the expression of p-AKT, and p-ERK. Thus, compound 4 might induce HeLa cells apoptosis via MAPK and AKT signaling pathways, which could be considered as a potential leading compound for the development of anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Sheng Ye
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jing Tian
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Quan Zeng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Hui Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai-Feng Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
191
|
Wu L, Cai S, Deng Y, Zhang Z, Zhou X, Su Y, Xu D. PD-1/PD-L1 enhanced cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer through PI3K/AKT mediated P-gp expression. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 94:107443. [PMID: 33581579 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1) is an immunosuppressive molecule expressed on T cells, and its ligand (PD-L1) which expressed on tumor cells play pivotal roles in regulating host immune responses. However, little is known whether PD-1/PD-L1 axis could directly activates intracellular oncogenic signaling pathways in tumor cells, leading to tumor resistance. METHODS In the present study, the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in the tissues of gastric cancer was detected by western blot and immunofluorescence. The effect of PD-L1-Fc and cisplatin on resistant gastric cancer cells was examined by MTT assay and Flow Cytometry. In addition. The effect of PD-L1-Fc on the expression of P-gp in gastric cancer cells and resistant gastric cancer cells was detected by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot. The molecular mechanisms of the regulation of cisplatin and PD-L1-Fc treatment were evaluated by western blot. RESULTS We found that the level of PD-1 was significantly increased in human gastric cancer tissues and drug-resistant gastric cancer cells and P-gp was the same result. The PD-L1 could reduce the level of cell damage caused by cisplatin. In addition, we found PD-L1 can also up-regulate the expression of P-gp. Mechanistically, PD-L1 activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in which PI3K/AKT pathway inhibition attenuated the upregulation of P-gp. CONCLUSION PD-1/PD-L1 enhanced cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer through PI3K/AKT mediated P-gp expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shiyi Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yiyun Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiehai Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dujuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
192
|
Nowak I, Brożyna AA, Zabłocka M, Student S, Durbas M, Bugara B, Rokita H. MCPIP1 expression positively correlates with melanoma-specific survival of patients, and its overexpression affects vital intracellular pathways of human melanoma cells. Mol Carcinog 2021; 60:227-241. [PMID: 33544962 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The suppressive activity of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1-induced protein 1 (MCPIP1) an inflammation-related ribonuclease, has been described in a few cancer types but has yet to be assessed in the most common subtype of skin cancer: melanoma. Here, we have evaluated the MCPIP1 expression in melanoma tissues by reanalysis of publicly available transcriptome data from 89 melanoma samples, and immunohistochemical staining of 21 primary and 81 metastatic melanomas. Our data implicated decreased MCPIP1 expression in melanoma tumors compared to normal tissues, and positive correlation between high ribonuclease expression and melanoma-specific survival of patients. To investigate the ribonuclease activity in melanoma cells, MCPIP1 was ectopically expressed in the MV3 human melanoma cell line. Following the transcriptome, proteome, and intracellular signaling of MCPIP1-overexpressing MV3 cells was assessed via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and RNAseq. MV3 cells overexpressing MCPIP1 exhibited a broad range of alterations in the transcriptome and proteome, as well as in the phosphorylation status of a number of proteins, strongly indicating MCPIP1-dependent cell cycle arrest and inhibition of Akt/mTOR signaling in these cells. Moreover, we have shown, that MCPIP1 overexpression downregulates miRNA-193a-3p expression in MV3 cells. Furthermore, the majority of the described effects were dependent on the ribonucleolytic activity of the protein. The presented body of data strongly suggests a potential tumor suppressor role and possible future application as a positive prognostic marker of MCPIP1 protein in melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Nowak
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna A Brożyna
- Department of Human Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Department of Tumour Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marzena Zabłocka
- Department of Tumour Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Sebastian Student
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.,Department of System Biology and Engineering, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Durbas
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Beata Bugara
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Hanna Rokita
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
193
|
Amauroderma rugosum Protects PC12 Cells against 6-OHDA-Induced Neurotoxicity through Antioxidant and Antiapoptotic Effects. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6683270. [PMID: 33628381 PMCID: PMC7889343 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6683270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Amauroderma rugosum (AR) is a dietary mushroom in the Ganodermataceae family whose pharmacological activity and medicinal value have rarely been reported. In this study, the antioxidant capacity and neuroprotective effects of AR were investigated. The aqueous extract of AR was confirmed to contain phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, and triterpenes. The results of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) and total antioxidant capacity assays revealed that AR extract scavenged reactive oxygen species. Moreover, AR extract decreased the cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). In addition, 6-OHDA upregulated the expressions of proapoptotic proteins and downregulated the Akt (protein kinase B)/mTOR- (mammalian target of rapamycin-) and MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase)/ERK- (extracellular signal-regulated kinases-) dependent signaling pathways. These effects of 6-OHDA were abolished or partially reversed by AR extract. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effects of AR in 6-OHDA-treated PC12 cells were significantly abolished by Akt and MEK inhibitor. Thus, AR extract possesses neuroprotective effects, probably through its antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects. These findings suggest the potential application of AR in the prevention or treatment of oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
|
194
|
Ni S, Li J, Qiu S, Xie Y, Gong K, Duan Y. KIF21B Expression in Osteosarcoma and Its Regulatory Effect on Osteosarcoma Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis Through the PI3K/AKT Pathway. Front Oncol 2021; 10:606765. [PMID: 33585227 PMCID: PMC7879035 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.606765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignancy that occurs mainly during childhood and adolescence; however, no clear molecular or biological mechanism has been identified. In this study, we aimed to explore new biomarkers for the early diagnosis, targeted treatment, and prognostic determination of osteosarcoma. We first used bioinformatics analysis to show that KIF21B can be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of osteosarcoma. We then examined the expression of KIF21B in human osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines using immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and qRT-PCR. It was found that KIF21B expression was significantly upregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines. After knocking down the expression of KIF21B in the osteosarcoma cell lines 143B and U2-OS, we used cell fluorescence counting, CCK-8 assays, flow cytometry, and TUNEL staining to examine the effects of KIF21B on osteosarcoma cell proliferation and apoptosis. The results demonstrated that knocking down KIF21B in 143B and U2-OS cells could increase cell apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation, and reduce tumor formation in nude mice. Subsequently, we used gene chips and bioinformatics to analyze the differential gene expression caused by knocking down KIF21B. The results showed that KIF21B may regulate OS cell proliferation and apoptosis by targeting the PI3K/AKT pathway. We then examined the expression of PI3K/AKT- and apoptosis-related proteins using western blotting. KIF21B knockdown inhibited the PI3K pathway, downregulated Bcl-2, and upregulated Bax. Moreover, the use of PI3K/AKT pathway agonists reversed the regulatory effect of KIF21B on the apoptosis and proliferation of 143B and U2-OS cells. In conclusion, our results indicated that KIF21B plays a key role in osteosarcoma. Low KIF21B expression might indirectly increase the apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells through the PI3K/AKT pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songjia Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sujun Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingming Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaiqin Gong
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
195
|
Zhang L, Li Y, Ma X, Liu J, Wang X, Zhang L, Li C, Li Y, Yang W. Ginsenoside Rg1-Notoginsenoside R1-Protocatechuic Aldehyde Reduces Atherosclerosis and Attenuates Low-Shear Stress-Induced Vascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:588259. [PMID: 33568993 PMCID: PMC7868340 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.588259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Fufang Danshen formula is a clinically important anti-atherosclerotic preparation in traditional Chinese medicine. However, its anti-atherosclerotic effect is not well recognized, and the mechanisms of its combined active ingredients, namely Ginsenoside Rg1-Notoginsenoside R1-Protocatechuic aldehyde (RRP), remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-atherosclerotic effects and potential mechanism of RRP in ApoE-/- mice and in low-shear stress-injured vascular endothelial cells. Methods: ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into three groups: model group, rosuvastatin group, and RRP group, with C57BL/6J mice as the control group. Oil-red O, hematoxylin and eosin, Masson, and Movat staining were utilized for the observation of aortic plaque. Changes in the blood lipid indexes were observed with an automatic biochemistry analyzer. ET-1, eNOS, TXA2, and PGI2 levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In vitro, a fluid shear stress system was used to induce cell injury. Piezo1 expression in HUVECs was silenced using siRNA. Changes in morphology, proliferation, migration, and tube formation activity of cells were observed after RRP treatment. Quantitative Real-Time PCR and western blot analysis were employed to monitor mRNA and protein expression. Results: RRP treatment reduced the atherosclerotic area and lipid levels and improved endothelial function in ApoE-/- mice. RRP significantly repaired cell morphology, reduced excessive cell proliferation, and ameliorated migration and tube formation activity. In addition, RRP affected the FAK-PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Importantly, Piezo1 silencing abolished the protective effects of RRP. Conclusion: RRP has anti-atherosclerotic effects and antagonizes endothelial cell damage via modulating the FAK-PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Piezo1 is a possible target of RRP in the treatment of atherosclerosis. Thus, RRP has promising therapeutic potential and broad application prospect for atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- First Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classic Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Ma
- First Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lingxiao Zhang
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Li
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yunlun Li
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Cardiovascular Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenqing Yang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classic Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
196
|
Hu Y, Cheng Y, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Wang H, Ren H, Xu Y, Jiang J, Wang Q, Su H, Zhang B, Qiu X. PCGF3 promotes the proliferation and migration of non-small cell lung cancer cells via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2021; 400:112496. [PMID: 33485844 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Polycomb Group Ring Finger 3 (PCGF3) protein has been reported to be significantly upregulated in pancreatic islet tumors and related to signal transduction; however, its detailed mechanisms and biological roles in other tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), remain unclear. This study investigated the function of PCGF3 in NSCLC and further elucidated its mechanism of action. The immunohistochemical analysis of 86 selected lung cancer tissues revealed that PCGF3 was highly expressed in NSCLC tissues and positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and p-TNM staging. Additionally, PCGF3 promoted cell proliferation in lung cancer by regulating CyclinB1, CyclinD1, and CDK4 expression, and also promoting their migration by regulating RhoA, RhoC, and CDC42. Furthermore, PCGF3 affected both the proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway, as verified by inhibiting this pathway using LY294002. The findings of this study suggested that PCGF3 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC and could therefore be an important biomarker for treating and preventing NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Hu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Laboratory, Chengde Medical College, Hebei, China
| | - Xizi Jiang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huanxi Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongjiu Ren
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yitong Xu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qiongzi Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongbo Su
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xueshan Qiu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
197
|
Liu J, Zhang M, Kan Y, Wang W, Liu J, Gong J, Yang J. Nuclear Factor-κB Activating Protein Plays an Oncogenic Role in Neuroblastoma Tumorigenesis and Recurrence Through the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:622793. [PMID: 33553160 PMCID: PMC7859273 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.622793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-κB activating protein (NKAP) is a conserved nuclear protein that acts as an oncogene in various cancers and is associated with a poor prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the role of NKAP in neuroblastoma (NB) progression and recurrence. We compared NKAP gene expression between 89 recurrence and 134 non-recurrence patients with NB by utilizing the ArrayExpress database. The relationship between NKAP expression and clinicopathological features was evaluated by correlation analysis. We knocked down NKAP expression in NB1 and SK-N-SH cells by small interfering RNA transfection to verify its role in tumor proliferation, apoptosis, and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway. NKAP gene expression in NB tissues was significantly overexpressed in the recurrence group compared with the non-recurrence group, and NKAP was enriched in the PI3K/AKT pathway. Correlation analysis revealed NKAP expression was correlated with chromosome 11q deletion in patients with NB. Knockdown of NKAP expression significantly inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of NB1 and SK-N-SH cells. Moreover, we found that small interfering NKAP significantly reduced p-PI3K and p-AKT expression. NKAP knockdown played an oncogenic role in NB by inhibiting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activations both in vitro and in vivo. Our research revealed that NKAP mediates NB cells by inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis through activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, and the expression of NKAP may act as a novel biomarker for predicting recurrence and chromosome 11q deletion in patients with NB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Kan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Gong
- Oncology Department, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jigang Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
198
|
Chen Z, Lin T, Liao X, Li Z, Lin R, Qi X, Chen G, Sun L, Lin L. Network pharmacology based research into the effect and mechanism of Yinchenhao Decoction against Cholangiocarcinoma. Chin Med 2021; 16:13. [PMID: 33478536 PMCID: PMC7818939 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cholangiocarcinoma refers to an epithelial cell malignancy with poor prognosis. Yinchenhao decoction (YCHD) showed positive effects on cancers, and associations between YCHD and cholangiocarcinoma remain unclear. This study aimed to screen out the effective active components of Yinchenhao decoction (YCHD) using network pharmacology, estimate their potential targets, screen out the pathways, as well as delve into the potential mechanisms on treating cholangiocarcinoma. Methods By the traditional Chinese medicine system pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP) as well as literature review, the major active components and their corresponding targets were estimated and screened out. Using the software Cytoscape 3.6.0, a visual network was established using the active components of YCHD and the targets of cholangiocarcinoma. Based on STRING online database, the protein interaction network of vital targets was built and analyzed. With the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) server, the gene ontology (GO) biological processes and the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) signaling pathways of the targets enrichment were performed. The AutoDock Vina was used to perform molecular docking and calculate the binding affinity. The PyMOL software was utilized to visualize the docking results of active compounds and protein targets. In vivo experiment, the IC50 values and apoptosis rate in PI-A cells were detected using CCK-8 kit and Cell Cycle Detection Kit. The predicted targets were verified by the real-time PCR and western blot methods. Results 32 effective active components with anti-tumor effects of YCHD were sifted in total, covering 209 targets, 96 of which were associated with cancer. Quercetin, kaempferol, beta-sitosterol, isorhamnetin, and stigmasterol were identified as the vital active compounds, and AKT1, IL6, MAPK1, TP53 as well as VEGFA were considered as the major targets. The molecular docking revealed that these active compounds and targets showed good binding interactions. These 96 putative targets exerted therapeutic effects on cancer by regulating signaling pathways (e.g., hepatitis B, the MAPK signaling pathway, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and MicroRNAs in cancer). Our in vivo experimental results confirmed that YCHD showed therapeutic effects on cholangiocarcinoma by decreasing IC50 values, down-regulating apoptosis rate of cholangiocarcinoma cells, and lowering protein expressions. Conclusions As predicted by network pharmacology strategy and validated by the experimental results, YCHD exerts anti-tumor effectsthrough multiple components, targets, and pathways, thereby providing novel ideas and clues for the development of preparations and the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Lin
- The First School of Clinical Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhong Liao
- The First School of Clinical Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeyun Li
- The First School of Clinical Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiting Lin
- The First School of Clinical Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangjun Qi
- The First School of Clinical Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoming Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 16, Jichang Road, Baiyun District, 510405, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizhu Lin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 16, Jichang Road, Baiyun District, 510405, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
199
|
Wang LL, Liao C, Li XQ, Dai R, Ren QW, Shi HL, Wang XP, Feng XS, Chao X. Systems Pharmacology-Based Identification of Mechanisms of Action of Bolbostemma paniculatum for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e927624. [PMID: 33436534 PMCID: PMC7812697 DOI: 10.12659/msm.927624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional Chinese medicine has widely used Bolbostemma paniculatum to treat diseases, including cancer, but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study aimed to elucidate the potential pharmacological mechanisms of “Tu Bei Mu” (TBM), the Chinese name for Bolbostemmatis Rhizoma, the dry tuber of B. paniculatum, for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Material/Methods The active components and putative therapeutic targets of TBM were explored using SwissTargetPrediction, Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), and Search Tool for Interactions of Chemicals (STITCH). The HCC-related target database was built using DrugBank, DisGeNet, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), and Therapeutic Target Database (TTD). A protein–protein interaction network of the common targets was constructed, based on the matches between TBM potential targets and HCC-related targets, using Cytoscape software. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of the cluster networks were used to elucidate the biological functions of TBM. Results Pharmacological network diagrams of the TBM compound-target network and HCC-related target network were successfully constructed. A total of 22 active components, 191 predicted biological targets of TBM, and 3775 HCC-related targets were identified. Through construction of an HCC-related target database and a protein–protein interaction network of the common targets, TBM was predicted to be effective in treating HCC mainly through the PI3K-Akt, HIF-1, p53, and PPAR signaling pathways. Conclusions The PI3K/Akt, HIF1, p53, and PPAR pathways may play vital roles in TBM treatment of HCC. Also, the potential anti-cancer effect of TBM on HCC appears to stem from the synergetic effect of multiple targets and mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Lan Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Chen Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao-Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Rong Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Qing-Wei Ren
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Hai-Long Shi
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xu Chao
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland).,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
200
|
Zhang Y, Li M, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Li X, Bao J, Zhang H. Arthpyrone L, a New Pyridone Alkaloid from a Deep-Sea Arthrinium sp., Inhibits Proliferation of MG63 Osteosarcoma Cells by Inducing G0/G1 Arrest and Apoptosis. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2000639. [PMID: 33427403 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Fractionation of the ethanol extract of a marine fungus, Arthrinium sp., afforded a new pyridone alkaloid (arthpyrone L (1)), the structure with absolute configuration of which was established by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses. In vitro cell viability assays revealed that compound 1 showed antiproliferative effects toward human A549 (lung), MG63, U2OS (bone), MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 (breast) cancer cells. MG63 cell lines were chosen for further biological evaluations and presented apoptosis and cell cycle arrest (G0/G1 phase) upon treatment of 1. Subsequent mechanism studies demonstrated that the growth inhibition of 1 against MG63 cells was via activation of caspase-modulated apoptotic pathway and inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Mengru Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, P. R. China
| | - Xiuxiu Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Jie Bao
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|