151
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Noh S, Everman ER, Berger CM, Morgan TJ. Seasonal variation in basal and plastic cold tolerance: Adaptation is influenced by both long- and short-term phenotypic plasticity. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:5248-5257. [PMID: 28770063 PMCID: PMC5528237 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how thermal selection affects phenotypic distributions across different time scales will allow us to predict the effect of climate change on the fitness of ectotherms. We tested how seasonal temperature variation affects basal levels of cold tolerance and two types of phenotypic plasticity in Drosophila melanogaster. Developmental acclimation occurs as developmental stages of an organism are exposed to seasonal changes in temperature and its effect is irreversible, while reversible short-term acclimation occurs daily in response to diurnal changes in temperature. We collected wild flies from a temperate population across seasons and measured two cold tolerance metrics (chill-coma recovery and cold stress survival) and their responses to developmental and short-term acclimation. Chill-coma recovery responded to seasonal shifts in temperature, and phenotypic plasticity following both short-term and developmental acclimation improved cold tolerance. This improvement indicated that both types of plasticity are adaptive, and that plasticity can compensate for genetic variation in basal cold tolerance during warmer parts of the season when flies tend to be less cold tolerant. We also observed a significantly stronger trade-off between basal cold tolerance and short-term acclimation during warmer months. For the longer-term developmental acclimation, a trade-off persisted regardless of season. A relationship between the two types of plasticity may provide additional insight into why some measures of thermal tolerance are more sensitive to seasonal variation than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suegene Noh
- Department of Biology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO USA
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152
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Gunderson AR, Dillon ME, Stillman JH. Estimating the benefits of plasticity in ectotherm heat tolerance under natural thermal variability. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex R. Gunderson
- Romberg Tiburon Center and Department of BiologySan Francisco State University3150 Paradise DriveTiburonCA94920USA
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of California, Berkeley1005 Valley Life Sciences Building #3140BerkeleyCA94720‐3140USA
| | - Michael E. Dillon
- Department of Zoology and Physiology and Program in EcologyUniversity of Wyoming1000 East University Ave.LaramieWY82071USA
| | - Jonathon H. Stillman
- Romberg Tiburon Center and Department of BiologySan Francisco State University3150 Paradise DriveTiburonCA94920USA
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of California, Berkeley1005 Valley Life Sciences Building #3140BerkeleyCA94720‐3140USA
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153
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Stamps JA, Krishnan V. Age-dependent changes in behavioural plasticity: insights from Bayesian models of development. Anim Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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154
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Ghanizadeh Kazerouni E, Franklin CE, Seebacher F. Parental exposure modulates the effects of
UV
‐B on offspring in guppies. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig E. Franklin
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD4072 Australia
| | - Frank Seebacher
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences A08 The University of Sydney Sydney NSW2006 Australia
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155
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Kaji T, Palmer AR. How reversible is development? Contrast between developmentally plastic gain and loss of segments in barnacle feeding legs. Evolution 2017; 71:756-765. [PMID: 28012177 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Segmented organisms and structures have fascinated biologists since William Bateson first described homeotic transformation and recognized the fundamental evolutionary significance of segmental organization. On evolutionary time scales, segments may be lost or gained during major morphological transitions. But how segment loss compares to gain on developmental time scales remains mysterious. Here, we examine the ease of reverse development (opposite to normal growth) by comparing developmentally plastic leg segment loss versus gain in individual barnacles transplanted between different water flow conditions. Plastic segment addition occurred rapidly (one to two molts) and exclusively near the limb base. In contrast, developmentally plastic segment loss-the first observation in any arthropod-took much longer (>10 molts) and, remarkably, occurred throughout the leg (23% of losses occurred mid-limb). Segment loss was not a simple reversal of segment addition. Intersegmental membranes fused first, followed by elimination of duplicate tendons and gradual shortening (but not loss) of duplicate setae. Setal loss, in particular, may impose a severe developmental constraint on arthropod segment fusion. This asymmetric developmental potential (time lag of phenotypic response)-plastic segment addition (amplified normal development) is faster and more orderly than segment loss (reverse development)-adds a new dimension to models of developmental plasticity because the cost of making a developmental mistake in one direction will be greater than in the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Kaji
- Systematics and Evolution Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada.,Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, British Columbia, V0R 1B0, Canada
| | - A Richard Palmer
- Systematics and Evolution Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada.,Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, British Columbia, V0R 1B0, Canada
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156
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157
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Madeira C, Madeira D, Diniz MS, Cabral HN, Vinagre C. Comparing biomarker responses during thermal acclimation: A lethal vs non-lethal approach in a tropical reef clownfish. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 204:104-112. [PMID: 27894882 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of thermal stress biology for most tropical fish species in reef ecosystems under climate change is still quite limited. Thus, the objective of this study was to measure the time-course changes of thermal stress biomarkers in the commercially exploited coral reef fish Amphiprion ocellaris, during a laboratory simulated event of increased temperature. Heat shock protein 70kDa (Hsp70) and total ubiquitin (Ub) were determined in the muscle (lethal method) and in the fin (non-lethal alternative method) under two temperature treatments (control - 26°C and elevated temperature - 30°C) throughout one month with weekly samplings. Results suggest that biomarker basal levels are tissue-specific and influence the degree of response under temperature exposure. Responses were highly inducible in the muscle but not in fin tissue, indicating that the latter is not reliable for monitoring purposes. Thermal stress was observed in the muscle after one week of exposure (both biomarkers increased significantly) and Ub levels then decreased, suggesting the animals were able to acclimate by maintaining high levels of Hsp70 and through an effective protein turnover. In addition, the results show that mortality rates did not differ between treatments. This indicates that A. ocellaris is capable of displaying a plastic response to elevated temperature by adjusting the protein quality control system to protect cell functions, without decreasing survival. Thus, this coral reef fish species presents a significant acclimation potential under ocean warming scenarios of +4°C. Monitoring of thermal stress through a non-lethal method, fin-clipping, although desirable proved to be inadequate for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Madeira
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Diana Madeira
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Mário S Diniz
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Henrique N Cabral
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Vinagre
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
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158
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Dalziel AC, Laporte M, Rougeux C, Guderley H, Bernatchez L. Convergence in organ size but not energy metabolism enzyme activities among wild Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) species pairs. Mol Ecol 2016; 26:225-244. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne C. Dalziel
- Department of Biology; Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes; 1030 Avenue de la Médecine Université Laval Québec City Québec Canada G1V 0A6
- Department of Biology; Saint Mary's University; 923 Robie Street Halifax Nova Scotia Canada B3H 3C3
| | - Martin Laporte
- Department of Biology; Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes; 1030 Avenue de la Médecine Université Laval Québec City Québec Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Clément Rougeux
- Department of Biology; Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes; 1030 Avenue de la Médecine Université Laval Québec City Québec Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Helga Guderley
- Department of Biology; Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes; 1030 Avenue de la Médecine Université Laval Québec City Québec Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- Department of Biology; Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes; 1030 Avenue de la Médecine Université Laval Québec City Québec Canada G1V 0A6
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159
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Luquet E, Tariel J. Offspring reaction norms shaped by parental environment: interaction between within- and trans-generational plasticity of inducible defenses. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:209. [PMID: 27733114 PMCID: PMC5062831 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0795-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within-generational plasticity (WGP) and transgenerational plasticity (TGP) are mechanisms allowing rapid adaptive responses to fluctuating environments without genetic change. These forms of plasticity have often been viewed as independent processes. Recent evidence suggests that WGP is altered by the environmental conditions experienced by previous generations (i.e., TGP). In the context of inducible defenses, one of the most studied cases of plasticity, the WGP x TGP interaction has been poorly investigated. RESULTS We provide evidence that TGP can alter the reaction norms of inducible defenses in a freshwater snail. The WGP x TGP interaction patterns are trait-specific and lead to decreased slope of reaction norms (behaviour and shell thickness). Offspring from induced parents showed a higher predator avoidance behaviour and a thicker shell than snails from non-induced parents in no predator-cue environment while they reached similar defenses in predator-cue environment. The WGP x TGP interaction further lead to a switch from a plastic towards a constitutive expression of defenses for shell dimensions (flat reaction norm). CONCLUSIONS WGP-alteration by TGP may shape the adaptive responses to environmental change and then has a substantial importance to understand the evolution of plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilien Luquet
- CNRS UMR 5023 Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Université de Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne cedex, France.
| | - Juliette Tariel
- CNRS UMR 5023 Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Université de Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne cedex, France
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160
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Kelly MW, Pankey MS, DeBiasse MB, Plachetzki DC. Adaptation to heat stress reduces phenotypic and transcriptional plasticity in a marine copepod. Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan W. Kelly
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA70803 USA
| | - M. Sabrina Pankey
- Molecular, Cellular, & Biomedical Sciences University of New Hampshire Rudman Hall 46 College Rd. Durham NH03824‐2618 USA
| | - Melissa B. DeBiasse
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA70803 USA
| | - David C. Plachetzki
- Molecular, Cellular, & Biomedical Sciences University of New Hampshire Rudman Hall 46 College Rd. Durham NH03824‐2618 USA
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161
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Piferrer F. Altered sex ratios in response to climate change-Who will fall into the (epigenetic) trap? (Comment on DOI 10.1002/bies.201600058). Bioessays 2016; 38:939. [PMID: 27577688 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201600172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Piferrer
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
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162
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Weinersmith KL, Earley RL. Better with your parasites? Lessons for behavioural ecology from evolved dependence and conditionally helpful parasites. Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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163
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Turner JB, Kumar A, Koch CA. The effects of indoor and outdoor temperature on metabolic rate and adipose tissue - the Mississippi perspective on the obesity epidemic. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2016; 17:61-71. [PMID: 27165258 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-016-9358-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Global warming, primarily caused by emissions of too much carbon dioxide, and climate change is a reality. This will lead to more extreme weather events with heatwaves and flooding. Some studies propose an association between thermal exposures and the prevalence of obesity with an increasing trend towards time spent in the thermal comfort zone. Longterm exposure to the thermal comfort zone can lead to a reduction of brown adipose tissue activity with an impact on energy expenditure and thermogenesis. Reduced seasonal cold exposure in combination with reduced diet-induced thermogenesis by a highly palatable high-fat and high-sugar diet and reduced physical activity contribute to the prevalence of obesity and the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Turner
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - C A Koch
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
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164
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Slotsbo S, Schou MF, Kristensen TN, Loeschcke V, Sørensen JG. Reversibility of developmental heat and cold plasticity is asymmetric and has long lasting consequences for adult thermal tolerance. J Exp Biol 2016; 219:2726-32. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.143750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability of insects to cope with stressful temperatures through adaptive plasticity has allowed them to thrive under a wide range of thermal conditions. Developmental plasticity is generally considered as non-reversible phenotypic changes, e.g. in morphological traits, while adult acclimation responses are often considered to be reversible physiological responses. However, physiologically mediated thermal acclimation might not follow this general prediction. We investigated the magnitude and rate of reversibility of developmental thermal plasticity responses in heat and cold tolerance of adult flies, using a full factorial design with two developmental and two adult temperatures (15°C and 25°C). We show that cold tolerance attained during development is readily adjusted to the prevailing conditions during adult acclimation with a symmetric rate of decrease or increase. In contrast, heat tolerance is only partly reversible during acclimation and thus constrained by the temperature during development. The effect of adult acclimation on heat tolerance was asymmetrical, with a general loss of heat tolerance with age. Surprisingly, the decline in adult heat tolerance at 25°C was decelerated in flies developed at low temperatures. This result was supported by correlated responses in two senescence associated traits and in accordance with a lower rate of ageing after low temperature development, suggesting that physiological age is not reset at eclosion. The results have profound ecological consequences for populations, as optimal developmental temperatures will be dependent on the thermal conditions faced in the adult stage and the age at which they occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Slotsbo
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mads F. Schou
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torsten N. Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Volker Loeschcke
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jesper G. Sørensen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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