151
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Bax ML, Sayd T, Aubry L, Ferreira C, Viala D, Chambon C, Rémond D, Santé-Lhoutellier V. Muscle composition slightly affects in vitro digestion of aged and cooked meat: identification of associated proteomic markers. Food Chem 2012. [PMID: 23194521 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Meat is an appropriate source of proteins and minerals for human nutrition. Technological treatments modify the physical-chemical properties of proteins, making them liable to decrease the nutritional potential of meat. To counteract this damage, antioxidants and chaperone proteins in muscle cells can prevent oxidation, restore the function of denatured proteins, and thus prevent aggregation. This study aimed to explore the impact of indoor vs outdoor-reared meat protein composition on digestion and to associate protein markers to in vitro digestion parameters. Indoor-reared meat tended to show less oxidation and denaturation than outdoor-reared meat and was characterised by an overexpression of contractile and chaperone proteins. Outdoor-reared meat showed amplification of antioxidant and detoxification metabolism defending against oxidised compounds. Impacts on digestion remained minor. Several protein markers of in vitro digestion parameters were found for aged and cooked meat, linked to the detoxification process and to muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-L Bax
- INRA, UR 370 QuaPA, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
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152
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Dadgar S, Crowe TG, Classen HL, Watts JM, Shand PJ. Broiler chicken thigh and breast muscle responses to cold stress during simulated transport before slaughter. Poult Sci 2012; 91:1454-64. [PMID: 22582307 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of acute cold exposure was assessed on broiler physiology, breast and thigh muscle metabolites, and meat quality. In total, 160 male birds at ages of 5 and 6 wk were exposed to temperatures of -9 to -15°C (cold stressed) and +20°C (control) in a simulated transport chamber for 3 h before slaughter followed by 0 or 2 h of lairage. Bird physiology parameters, including core body temperature, live shrink, blood glucose, and muscle temperature, were assessed. Core body temperature was monitored every minute using i-Button data loggers, and live shrink and blood glucose were assessed. Total glucose and lactate concentrations at 30 h postmortem, as well as ultimate pH (pH(u)), color, and water-holding attributes were evaluated on pectoralis major muscle of breast and iliotibialis muscle of thigh. Birds were grouped based on their microclimate temperature to control and cold-stressed groups (0 to -8, -8 to -11, and -11 to -14°C). Significant (P < 0.05) decreases in core body temperature and breast and thigh muscle temperatures were observed at simulated transport temperatures below 0°C. In addition, higher (P < 0.05) live shrink and lower blood glucose values were observed as a result of 3-h exposure to temperatures below 0°C, exacerbated as temperature decreased further below -8°C. Thigh muscle was almost depleted of glycogen reserve compared with a significant but small reduction in breast muscle glycogen when exposure temperature was below -8°C. Similarly, much greater effects were observed on thigh pH(u) and quality attributes compared with breast. In addition, 84% incidence of the dark, firm, dry quality defect was observed in thigh meat (pH(u) > 6.4, L* < 44) compared with 42% incidence of dark, firm, dry in breast meat (pH(u) > 6.1, L* < 46) when transportation temperature was below 0°C. Results of this study showed that thigh muscle was affected more severely than breast muscle by exposure to cold temperatures before slaughter.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dadgar
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5A8.
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153
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Dadgar S, Lee E, Crowe T, Classen H, Shand P. Characteristics of cold-induced dark, firm, dry broiler chicken breast meat. Br Poult Sci 2012; 53:351-9. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2012.695335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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154
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Baéza E, Arnould C, Jlali M, Chartrin P, Gigaud V, Mercerand F, Durand C, Méteau K, Le Bihan-Duval E, Berri C. Influence of increasing slaughter age of chickens on meat quality, welfare, and technical and economic results1. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:2003-13. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. Baéza
- INRA, UR 83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - C. Arnould
- INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR 6175 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France; IFCE, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - M. Jlali
- INRA, UR 83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - P. Chartrin
- INRA, UR 83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - V. Gigaud
- ITAVI, UR 83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - F. Mercerand
- INRA, UE 1295 Plate-forme Expérimentale Avicole de Tours, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - C. Durand
- Fleury Michon, Montifaut Jambon, 85700 Pouzauges
| | - K. Méteau
- INRA, UE 1206 Elevage Alternatif et Santé des Monogastriques, Saint-Pierre d'Amilly, BP 52, F-17700 Surgères, France
| | | | - C. Berri
- INRA, UR 83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
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155
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Alternative rearing systems in pigs: consequences on stress indicators at slaughter and meat quality. Animal 2012; 5:1620-5. [PMID: 22440354 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731111000784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of three alternative (ALT) rearing systems for growing pigs (outdoor: 150 m2/pig; straw bedding: 1.30 m2/pig; and hut with access to a courtyard: 1.30 m2/pig) compared with a conventional system (fully slatted floor: 0.65 m2/pig, considered as control), on pre-slaughter stress indicators in relation with meat quality. To that end, the number of skin lesions on whole carcasses, as well as blood creatine kinase (CK) activity and urine levels in cortisol and catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline) were determined at slaughter. Glycolytic potential (GP) and ultimate pH of the semimembranosus muscle were also measured. The global correlation network calculated between all these parameters shows that the indicators of pre-slaughter muscle activity (plasma CK) and/or stress indicators (e.g. adrenaline) are negatively (r=-0.26, P<0.01; r=-0.29, P<0.05, respectively) correlated with muscle GP and positively (r=0.17, P<0.05; r=0.44, P<0.001, respectively) with meat ultimate pH. Although some traits measured were sensitive to the degree of pre-slaughter mixing, they differed across rearing systems. The differences were most pronounced for the comparison of outdoors v. slatted floor. The lower levels of plasma CK and urinary catecholamines, and the lower number of carcass skin lesions of pigs reared outdoors, were related to a lower meat ultimate pH. Thus, ALT rearing systems influence animal welfare and meat quality, by providing enriched environmental conditions to the animals.
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156
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Traore S, Aubry L, Gatellier P, Przybylski W, Jaworska D, Kajak-Siemaszko K, Santé-Lhoutellier V. Effect of heat treatment on protein oxidation in pig meat. Meat Sci 2012; 91:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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157
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Higher drip loss is associated with protein oxidation. Meat Sci 2012; 90:917-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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158
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Technological and sensory pork quality in relation to muscle and drip loss protein profiles. Eur Food Res Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-012-1705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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159
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Bax ML, Aubry L, Ferreira C, Daudin JD, Gatellier P, Rémond D, Santé-Lhoutellier V. Cooking temperature is a key determinant of in vitro meat protein digestion rate: investigation of underlying mechanisms. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:2569-2576. [PMID: 22335241 DOI: 10.1021/jf205280y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the digestion rate and nutritional quality of pig muscle proteins in relation to different meat processes (aging, mincing, and cooking). Under our experimental conditions, aging and mincing had little impact on protein digestion. Heat treatments had different temperature-dependent effects on the meat protein digestion rate and degradation potential. At 70 °C, the proteins underwent denaturation that enhanced the speed of pepsin digestion by increasing enzyme accessibility to protein cleavage sites. Above 100 °C, oxidation-related protein aggregation slowed pepsin digestion but improved meat protein overall digestibility. The digestion parameters defined here open new insights on the dynamics governing the in vitro digestion of meat protein. However, the effect of cooking temperature on protein digestion observed in vitro needs to be confirmed in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Bax
- INRA, UR370 Qualité des Produits Animaux, F-63122 Saint Genès Champanelle, France
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160
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Cherel P, Herault F, Vincent A, Le Roy P, Damon M. Genetic variability of transcript abundance in pig skeletal muscle at slaughter: Relationships with meat quality traits1. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:699-708. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. Cherel
- Hendrix Genetics RTC, F-45808 St. Jean de Braye, France
| | - F. Herault
- INRA, UMR0598 Génétique Animale, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - A. Vincent
- INRA, UMR 1079 SENAH, F-35590 Saint Gilles, France
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1079 SENAH, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - P. Le Roy
- INRA, UMR0598 Génétique Animale, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - M. Damon
- INRA, UMR 1079 SENAH, F-35590 Saint Gilles, France
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1079 SENAH, F-35000 Rennes, France
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161
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Ylä-Ajos M, Tuominen S, Hänninen L, Ruusunen M, Puolanne E, Valros A. Gas composition in controlled atmosphere stunning affects turkey meat quality traits. Br Poult Sci 2012; 53:47-56. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2012.658025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Ylä-Ajos
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Koetilantie 7, Helsinki, Finland.
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162
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Zhao J, Zhao G, Jiang R, Zheng M, Chen J, Liu R, Wen J. Effects of diet-induced differences in growth rate on metabolic, histological, and meat-quality properties of 2 muscles in male chickens of 2 distinct broiler breeds. Poult Sci 2012; 91:237-47. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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163
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Men XM, Deng B, Xu ZW, Tao X. Muscle-fibre types in porcine longissimus muscle of different genotypes and their association with the status of energy metabolism. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/an11185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To study the difference in muscle-fibre types in porcine muscle among different genotypes and its association with energy metabolism, composition of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) mRNA and energy metabolism indices were determined in the longissimus muscle (LM). Pig breeds included Jinhua (JHP), Zhongbai (ZBP), Duroc × Zhongbai cross (DZP) and Duroc × Yorkshire × Landrace cross (DYL). JHP pigs were found to have the highest proportions of MyHC I, IIa and IIx mRNA (P < 0.05), creatine kinase (CK) activity (P < 0.05) and the lowest glycolytic potential (GP) compared with the other genotypes. The proportions of MyHC I and IIa mRNA increased in the order of DYL < DZP < ZBP < JHP, whereas the trend was opposite for MyHC IIb mRNA. The proportions of MyHC I, IIa and IIx mRNA were positively correlated with CK activity and the turnover ratio of creatine phosphate (CP) (P < 0.01), and negatively correlated with GP, glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) and lactate (LA) contents (P < 0.01), with the trends being opposite for MyHC IIb mRNA. The results indicate that muscle-fibre type in porcine LM is influenced by the genetic background of pigs. For example, JHP pigs had more of Types I, IIa and IIx fibres than did other genotypes. Proportions of Types I, IIa and IIx fibres were positively correlated with CK reaction (ATP-CP) capacity and negatively correlated with GP. These data provide some evidence for exploring the effective mechanism of muscle-fibre type on pork quality.
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164
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Hudson NJ. Mitochondrial treason: a driver of pH decline rate in post-mortem muscle? ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/an12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The rate and extent of post-mortem pH decline is an important determinant of meat quality, influencing among other things the incidence of pale, soft, exudative meat. In this perspective I argue two things. First, the accuracy of our modelling of pH decline rates might be improved by incorporation of a muscle mitochondrial content parameter. Second, that high mitochondrial content might help explain the surprisingly rapid pH decline that has sometimes been reported in red, oxidative muscles. The proposed physiological mechanism relates to the fact that mitochondria are known to act as net consumers, rather than producers, of ATP during periods of anoxia – a process called mitochondrial treason. To the best of my knowledge, the implications of the phenomenon of mitochondrial treason have never previously been applied or discussed in a meat science context.
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165
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Ruść A, Sieczkowska H, Krzęcio E, Antosik K, Zybert A, Koćwin-Podsiadła M, Kamiński S. The association between acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL4) polymorphism and intramuscular fat content in (Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc pigs. Meat Sci 2011; 89:440-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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166
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Fernandez X, Bouillier-Oudot M, Molette C, Bernadet MD, Manse H. Duration of transport and holding in lairage at constant postprandial delay to slaughter--effects on fatty liver and breast muscle quality in mule ducks. Poult Sci 2011; 90:2360-9. [PMID: 21934021 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of preslaughter transport (30 vs. 150 min) and holding of mule ducks in lairage in their transport crates (15 vs. 120 min) on the quality of the meat and fatty liver. A total of 120 birds were allocated in a 2 × 2 factorial design with a constant postprandial delay to slaughter (8 h), to avoid the confounding between the effects of the experimental treatments and those of fasting duration. Under such conditions, extending the transport or holding duration did not induce a loss in preslaughter live weight or liver weight. Similarly, breast muscle glycogen stores were not affected by the treatments, nor was the kinetics of postmortem pH decline affected. The mechanical resistance of raw meat obtained by the compression test significantly increased with holding duration. The gross chemical composition of the livers did not differ significantly among the preslaughter treatments. Residual blood in the liver, as indicated by heme pigment concentration, was enhanced with a longer transport, but this effect was more pronounced after the longest holding duration, as shown by a significant interaction. This, however, did not significantly affect the incidence of appearance defects or the commercial grading of the livers. The percentage of fat loss during the cooking of canned livers was significantly reduced when the transport duration was increased. This effect could not be explained on the basis of the current knowledge for determining the technological quality of fatty liver. The identification of biological markers of liver quality is currently underway in our laboratory. Further investigations studying the differential expression of these biological markers according to preslaughter conditions would provide a better understanding of the effect of transport duration on liver processing yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Fernandez
- INRA, UMR1289 Tissus Animaux Nutrition Digestion Ecosystème et Métabolisme, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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167
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Lessons to learn about postmortem metabolism using the AMPKγ3R200Q mutation in the pig. Meat Sci 2011; 89:244-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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168
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Jlali M, Gigaud V, Métayer-Coustard S, Sellier N, Tesseraud S, Le Bihan-Duval E, Berri C. Modulation of glycogen and breast meat processing ability by nutrition in chickens: effect of crude protein level in 2 chicken genotypes. J Anim Sci 2011; 90:447-55. [PMID: 21984711 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of 2 isoenergetic growing diets with different CP (17 vs. 23%) on the performance and breast meat quality of 2 lines of chicken divergently selected for abdominal fatness [i.e., fat and lean (LL) lines]. Growth performance, breast and abdominal fat yields, breast meat quality parameters (pH, color, drip loss), and muscle glycogen storage at death were measured. Increased dietary CP resulted in increased BW, increased breast meat yield, and reduced abdominal fatness at slaughter regardless of genotype (P < 0.001). By contrast, dietary CP affected glycogen storage and the related meat quality parameters only in the LL chickens. Giving LL chickens the low-CP diet led to reduced concentration of muscle glycogen (P < 0.01), and as a result, breast meat with a higher (P < 0.001) ultimate pH, decreased (P < 0.001) lightness, and reduced (P < 0.001) drip loss during storage. The decreased muscle glycogen content observed in LL receiving the low-CP diet compared with the high-CP diet occurred concomitantly with greater phosphorylation amount for the α-catalytic subunit of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and glycogen synthase. This was consistent with the reduced muscle glycogen content observed in LL fed the low-CP diet because adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase inhibits glycogen synthesis through its action on glycogen synthase. Our results demonstrated that nutrition is an effective means of modulating breast meat properties in the chicken. The results also highlighted the need to take into account interaction with the genetic background of the animal to select nutritional strategies to improve meat quality traits in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jlali
- INRA, UR83, Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
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169
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Xu L, Zhang L, Yue HY, Wu SG, Zhang HJ, Ji F, Qi GH. Effect of electrical stunning current and frequency on meat quality, plasma parameters, and glycolytic potential in broilers. Poult Sci 2011; 90:1823-30. [PMID: 21753221 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the effect of electrical stunning variables (low currents and high frequencies) on meat quality, glycolytic potential, and blood parameters in broilers. A total of 54 broilers were stunned with 9 electrical stunning methods for 18 s using sinusoidal alternating currents combining 3 current levels (35 V, 47 mA; 50 V, 67 mA; and 65 V, 86 mA) with 3 frequencies (160, 400, and 1,000 Hz). Samples for meat quality were obtained from the pectoralis major (PM) and musculus iliofibularis (MI), and samples for glycogen metabolism were taken from the PM and tibialis anterior muscle at 45 min postmortem. The use of high frequency reduced the shear value in PM (400 and 1,000 Hz vs. 160 Hz; P < 0.01) and cooking loss in MI (1,000 Hz vs. 160 and 400 Hz; P < 0.01). The shear value of PM decreased at high frequency (400 and 1,000 Hz) when current was high (50 V, 67 mA and 65 V, 86 mA; P < 0.01) but increased at high frequency (1,000 Hz) when current was low (35 V, 47 mA). Stunning with 1,000 Hz (vs. 160 Hz) caused low glycogen and glycolytic potential in PM (P < 0.05). Plasma corticosterone decreased (P < 0.05) at high currents (≥50 V, 67 mA) but was not affected by changes in frequency. Electrical current interacted with frequency in plasma glucose, redness 24 h postmortem, shear value (PM), pH 24 h postmortem (MI), and glycolytic potential (tibialis anterior; P < 0.05). This study indicated that high stunning frequencies (400 and 1,000 Hz) may improve meat quality without aggregating stress when the current was not too low (>50 V, 67 mA).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Xu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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170
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Xu L, Ji F, Yue HY, Wu SG, Zhang HJ, Zhang L, Qi GH. Plasma variables, meat quality, and glycolytic potential in broilers stunned with different carbon dioxide concentrations. Poult Sci 2011; 90:1831-6. [PMID: 21753222 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-01330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different CO(2) concentrations on blood variables, glycolytic potential (GP), and meat quality of hot-boned muscles in broilers. Thirty broilers were exposed to one of the following 5 gas mixtures for 90 s: 40% CO(2) + 30% O(2) + N(2) (control), 30% CO(2) + 21% O(2) + N(2) (G30%), 40% CO(2) + 21% O(2) + N(2) (G40%), 50% CO(2) + 21% O(2) + N(2) (G50%), and 60% CO(2) + 21% O(2) + N(2) (G60%). Samples were taken from the pectoralis major (PM), musculus iliofibularis (MI), and tibialis anterior muscles 45 min postmortem. The ultimate pH in both the PM (vs. G30% and G40%) and MI (vs. G40%) was decreased with G60% (P < 0.05), whereas drip loss in the PM (vs. G30%, P = 0.01) was increased with G60%. Drip loss in the MI (vs. control and G30%, P < 0.01) was increased with G50%. Lightness after 24 h in PM (vs. G30% and G40%, P < 0.01) was increased with G50%. In MI, lightness after 24 h was slightly decreased with G40% compared with the control (P < 0.10). The GP value in the PM was lower in the G30% and G40% than in G60% (P < 0.05), and the GP value in the tibialis anterior was the lowest in G30% (P < 0.01). Plasma corticosterone, plasma glucose, and meat quality (pH, lightness, redness, yellowness) 45 min postmortem were not affected by CO(2) levels (P > 0.05). In conclusion, stunning broilers with low CO(2) levels (30 and 40%) improved meat quality but had no advantage in animal welfare compared with high CO(2) levels (50 and 60%).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Xu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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171
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Xu L, Yue HY, Wu SG, Zhang HJ, Ji F, Zhang L, Qi GH. Comparison of blood variables, fiber intensity, and muscle metabolites in hot-boned muscles from electrical- and gas-stunned broilers. Poult Sci 2011; 90:1837-43. [PMID: 21753223 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of gas stunning (GS) and electrical stunning (ES) on energy metabolism in Arbor Acres broilers. Thirty-six birds were slaughtered without stunning (control) or after stunning with the following treatments: 40% CO(2) + 21% O(2) + N(2) (G40%); 60% CO(2) + 21% O(2) + N(2) (G60%); 35 V, 47 mA, 400 Hz (E35V); 50 V, 67 mA, 160 Hz (E50V); and 65 V, 86 mA, 1,000 Hz (E65V). Muscle samples were obtained from the pectoralis major (breast) and tibialis anterior (leg) muscles in ambient temperature within 45 min postmortem and stored at -80°C. Blood pH decreased consistently with GS (G40% and G60%) compared with ES and the control (P < 0.01). No consistent differences were observed between GS and ES in the plasma variables, glycolytic potential, adenosine phosphates, or fiber intensities. Plasma lactate increased with G40% and E35V (P < 0.05), whereas plasma uric acid and urea nitrogen increased with E35V (P < 0.05) compared with the control. Compared with the control, the intensity of type IIB fibers decreased in broilers stunned with E35V and E50V (P < 0.05) and glycolytic potential increased (P < 0.01) with G60% in the breast muscle and decreased (P < 0.01) in the leg muscle with all the stunning treatments except for E50V. Energy decreased (lower adenosine triphosphate, higher adenosine monophosphate, and adenosine monophosphate:adenosine triphosphate ratio, P < 0.05) in breast muscle with G40% compared with ES at high currents (E50V and E65V). However, the adenosine phosphates with GS were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from ES at low current (E35V) in either breast or leg muscle. In conclusion, no essential difference in energy metabolism was found in broilers stunned with ES and GS when ES was based on low current and high frequency and GS was based on hypercapnic moderate oxygenation. This study indicated that G40% was potentially a superior stunning variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Xu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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172
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Ruusunen M, Puolanne E, Sevon-Aimonen ML, Partanen K, Voutila L, Niemi J. Carcass and meat quality traits of four different pig crosses. Meat Sci 2011; 90:543-7. [PMID: 22019315 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The study compared properties of Finnish Landrace×Yorkshire crossbred sows mated with Finnish Landrace (FL), Norwegian Landrace (NL), Norwegian Duroc×Norwegian Landrace (NDL), or Swedish Hampshire (SH) boars. The focus was to study the cross-sectional area of loin, cross-sectional area and number of muscle fibres, loin colour and pH value as well as the ratio of water to protein in the loin. The four studied crosses were quite similar having only small differences in carcass and meat quality. The carcass lean content was the lowest in NDL. The loins of FL and NL were longer than the loins of NDL and of SH. The cross-sectional area of loin was the largest in SH. The loin of FL was lighter in colour and the loin of SH was redder than the loins of the other crosses studied. The protein content was lower and the ratio of water to protein higher in loin of SH than in the other crosses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita Ruusunen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 66, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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173
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Cherel P, Pires J, Glénisson J, Milan D, Iannuccelli N, Hérault F, Damon M, Le Roy P. Joint analysis of quantitative trait loci and major-effect causative mutations affecting meat quality and carcass composition traits in pigs. BMC Genet 2011; 12:76. [PMID: 21875434 PMCID: PMC3175459 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-12-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Detection of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting meat quality traits in pigs is crucial for the design of efficient marker-assisted selection programs and to initiate efforts toward the identification of underlying polymorphisms. The RYR1 and PRKAG3 causative mutations, originally identified from major effects on meat characteristics, can be used both as controls for an overall QTL detection strategy for diversely affected traits and as a scale for detected QTL effects. We report on a microsatellite-based QTL detection scan including all autosomes for pig meat quality and carcass composition traits in an F2 population of 1,000 females and barrows resulting from an intercross between a Pietrain and a Large White-Hampshire-Duroc synthetic sire line. Our QTL detection design allowed side-by-side comparison of the RYR1 and PRKAG3 mutation effects seen as QTLs when segregating at low frequencies (0.03-0.08), with independent QTL effects detected from most of the same population, excluding any carrier of these mutations. Results Large QTL effects were detected in the absence of the RYR1 and PRKGA3 mutations, accounting for 12.7% of phenotypic variation in loin colour redness CIE-a* on SSC6 and 15% of phenotypic variation in glycolytic potential on SSC1. We detected 8 significant QTLs with effects on meat quality traits and 20 significant QTLs for carcass composition and growth traits under these conditions. In control analyses including mutation carriers, RYR1 and PRKAG3 mutations were detected as QTLs, from highly significant to suggestive, and explained 53% to 5% of the phenotypic variance according to the trait. Conclusions Our results suggest that part of muscle development and backfat thickness effects commonly attributed to the RYR1 mutation may be a consequence of linkage with independent QTLs affecting those traits. The proportion of variation explained by the most significant QTLs detected in this work is close to the influence of major-effect mutations on the least affected traits, but is one order of magnitude lower than effect on variance of traits primarily affected by these causative mutations. This suggests that uncovering physiological traits directly affected by genetic polymorphisms would be an appropriate approach for further characterization of QTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Cherel
- INRA, UMR0598, Génétique Animale, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
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174
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Bertol TM, Braña DV, Ellis M, Ritter MJ, Peterson BA, Mendoza OF, McKeith FK. Effect of feed withdrawal and dietary energy source on muscle glycolytic potential and blood acid-base responses to handling in slaughter-weight pigs. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:1561-73. [PMID: 21521818 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-2942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of dietary energy source and feed withdrawal on muscle glycolytic potential (GP) and blood acid-base responses to handling were investigated in slaughter-weight pigs (initial BW 94.7 ± 1.01 kg). Crossbred pigs (n = 96; 48 barrows, 48 gilts) were used in a randomized complete block design with a 4 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: l) diet [control, high fat (10% supplemental fat), low-digestible carbohydrate (20% total starch), and high-fat/low-digestible carbohydrate (10% supplemental fat and 20% total starch)]; 2) feed withdrawal (0 and 36 h); and 3) sex (barrow and gilt). Diets were fed for 28 d before the feed withdrawal treatment was applied, at the end of which all pigs were individually moved through a 12.20-m-long × 0.91-m-wide passageway for 16 laps (195 m total distance), with the assistance of an electric goad (2 times per lap). Longissimus muscle biopsies were collected at the beginning of the feeding and feed withdrawal periods and immediately after and 4 h after the handling procedure. Venous blood was collected 2 h before and immediately after the handling procedure to measure acid-base responses. At the end of the feeding period, pigs fed the control and high-fat diets were heavier (P < 0.001) than those on the low-digestible carbohydrate and the high-fat/low-digestible carbohydrate diets (129.8, 130.9, 114.0, and 122.1 kg, respectively; SEM 1.91). Diet, feed withdrawal, and sex did not affect (P > 0.05) blood acid-base responses to handling. Muscle GP at the end of the feeding period and 4 h posthandling was least (P < 0.05) for pigs fed the high-fat diet and similar for the other 3 diet treatments. Pigs subjected to 36 h compared with 0 h of feed withdrawal had less GP (P < 0.05) immediately after and 4 h after the handling procedure. There was an interaction between diet and feed withdrawal treatments for changes in GP from the start of feed withdrawal to 4 h posthandling. The reduction in GP was greater (P < 0.05) for fasted than for fed pigs receiving the control and high-fat diets, but was similar (P > 0.05) for fasted and fed pigs receiving the 2 low-digestible carbohydrate diets. In conclusion, neither dietary energy source nor fasting affected blood acid-base responses to handling; however, fasting-induced changes in LM GP were diet dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Bertol
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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175
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Closter AM, Guldbrandtsen B, Henryon M, Nielsen B, Berg P. Consequences of elimination of the Rendement Napole allele from Danish Hampshire. J Anim Breed Genet 2011; 128:192-200. [PMID: 21554413 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2010.00900.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An elimination programme was carried out to remove the dominant Rendement Napole mutation (RN(-) ) from Danish Hampshire pigs. We reasoned that during and after the elimination of the RN(-) allele, genetic gain of production traits decreased while rate of inbreeding in the population increased compared to the period prior to elimination. The hypothesis was tested by estimating the genetic gain in seven production traits and measuring the rate of inbreeding in the population prior to and during the elimination period. Genetic gain was reduced for quantitative traits daily gain(30-100 kg) and feed conversion ratio, while gain for ultimate-pH, lean meat percentage and slaughter loss were increased slightly. There were no changes in genetic gain for daily gain(birth-30 kg) and conformation. RN polymorphism affected several of the quantitative traits. The RN(-) mutation had a dominant effect on the traits daily gain(birth-30 kg) , daily gain(30-100 kg) , slaughter loss, lean meat percentage and ultimate-pH. It exhibited overdominance for feed conversion ratio and additive effect for conformation. Rate of inbreeding decreased during the elimination of RN(-) . Our findings indicate that the consequences of the elimination programme were not as serious as were feared and that a carefully designed preselection strategy may avoid unacceptable loss of genetic gain and excessive loss of genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Closter
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark.
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176
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High post-mortem temperature combined with rapid glycolysis induces phosphorylase denaturation and produces pale and exudative characteristics in broiler Pectoralis major muscles. Meat Sci 2011; 89:181-8. [PMID: 21663805 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of early post-mortem temperature on broiler protein characteristics and meat quality. Muscles were kept at different temperatures (0, 20 and 40 °C) until 4h post-mortem and then stored at 4 °C. Rapid degradation of ATP and glycogen, thus inducing a high rate of lactate formation and pH drop, were found in the 40 °C group during incubation. When extracting proteins, a lower protein content of the sarcoplasmic fraction and a higher protein content of the myofibrillar fraction were found in the 40 °C group at 24h post-mortem; SDS-PAGE and western-blotting results revealed that phosphorylase was associated with the myofibrillar fraction. Furthermore, the 40 °C group had paler surfaces, higher drip loss and lower processing properties. These data suggest that elevated temperature during early post-mortem period, resulting in rapid glycolysis, induced phosphorylase denaturation and association with myofibrillar proteins thus generating pale and exudative characteristics.
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177
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Eadmusik S, Molette C, Fernandez X, Rémignon H. Are one early muscle pH and one early temperature measurement sufficient to detect PSE breast meat in turkeys? Br Poult Sci 2011; 52:177-88. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2011.554798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Eadmusik
- a Faculty of Agro-industry, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok , Thailand
| | - C. Molette
- b Université de Toulouse, INPT, ENVT, UMR 1289 Tandem, Tissus Animaux, Nutrition, Digestion, Ecosystème et Métabolisme; ENSAT , F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex , France
- c INRA , Auzeville, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan , France
| | - X. Fernandez
- c INRA , Auzeville, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan , France
| | - H. Rémignon
- b Université de Toulouse, INPT, ENVT, UMR 1289 Tandem, Tissus Animaux, Nutrition, Digestion, Ecosystème et Métabolisme; ENSAT , F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex , France
- c INRA , Auzeville, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan , France
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178
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Souza C, Boler D, Clark D, Kutzler L, Holmer S, Summerfield J, Cannon J, Smit N, McKeith F, Killefer J. The effects of high pressure processing on pork quality, palatability, and further processed products. Meat Sci 2011; 87:419-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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179
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Larzul C, Roy PL, Guéblez R, Talmant A, Gogué J, Sellier P, Monin G. Effect of halothane genotype (NN, Nn, nn) on growth, carcass and meat quality traits of pigs slaughtered at 95 kg or 125 kg live weight. J Anim Breed Genet 2011; 114:309-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.1997.tb00516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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180
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Dadgar S, Lee E, Leer T, Crowe T, Classen H, Shand P. Effect of acute cold exposure, age, sex, and lairage on broiler breast meat quality. Poult Sci 2011; 90:444-57. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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181
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Updated estimates of HAL n and RN− effects on pork quality: Fresh and processed loin and ham. Meat Sci 2010; 86:949-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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182
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The porcine tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3) gene: Identification of a missense mutation and association analysis with meat quality and production traits in Italian heavy pigs. Meat Sci 2010; 86:808-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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183
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Filgueras R, Gatellier P, Aubry L, Thomas A, Bauchart D, Durand D, Zambiazi R, Santé-Lhoutellier V. Colour, lipid and protein stability of Rhea americana meat during air- and vacuum-packaged storage: Influence of muscle on oxidative processes. Meat Sci 2010; 86:665-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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184
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Edwards LN, Grandin T, Engle TE, Ritter MJ, Sosnicki AA, Carlson BA, Anderson DB. The effects of pre-slaughter pig management from the farm to the processing plant on pork quality. Meat Sci 2010; 86:938-44. [PMID: 20728282 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments (Exp.1, n=80; Exp.2, n=144) were conducted to determine the effects of pre-slaughter pig management on pork quality by monitoring blood lactate concentration ([LAC]) during marketing. [LAC] was measured at: (1) baseline at farm, (2) post-loading on truck, (3) pre-unloading after transport, (4) post-unloading at plant, (5) post-lairage, (6) post-movement to stun, and (7) exsanguination. Pearson correlations were used to determine relationships between [LAC] and meat quality. Higher [LAC] post-loading or a greater change in [LAC] during loading resulted in increased 24h pH (P=0.002, P=0.0006, Exp.1; P=0.0001, P=0.01, Exp.2, respectively), decreased L* (P=0.03, P=0.04; P=0.001, P=0.01) and decreased drip loss (P=0.02, P=0.12; P=0.002, P=0.01). Even though improved handling during loading is important to animal well-being, it will not necessarily translate into improved pork quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Edwards
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1171, USA
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185
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Edwards LN, Engle TE, Paradis MA, Correa JA, Anderson DB. Persistence of blood changes associated with alteration of the dietary electrolyte balance in commercial pigs after feed withdrawal, transportation, and lairage, and the effects on performance and carcass quality. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:4068-77. [PMID: 20656971 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing dietary electrolyte balance (dEB) has previously been shown to reduce the incidence of nonambulatory and noninjured swine, improve meat quality, and reduce the incidence of gastric ulcers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dEB under commercial conditions. Due to the variability in feed withdrawal, transport, and lairage conditions in the swine industry, it was necessary to determine first the persistence of blood changes during the marketing process after alteration of dEB. Sixteen pens of 8 crossbred barrows were assigned to a low (121 mEq/kg) or high (375 mEq/kg) dEB diet, calculated as Na(+) + K(+) - Cl(-), to determine the persistence of blood changes associated with the alteration of dEB. Diets were formulated to meet or exceed NRC (1998) requirements for energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals. Dietary treatments were provided for ad libitum intake for 3 d before slaughter. Before transport, animals were fasted in the barn for approximately 10 h. After fasting, animals were shipped to the packing plant, rested for 8 h, and subsequently slaughtered. Initial and final BW of the animals were obtained. Blood was sampled at baseline (2 d before administration of diets), before feed withdrawal (0 h), after feed withdrawal (10 h), and at exsanguination (20 h). Consumption of the high dEB diet for 3 d resulted in an increase in blood TCO(2) (P = 0.001), HCO(3)(-) (P = 0.001), and base excess (P = 0.0003) and a decrease in Cl(-) (P = 0.0002) and anion gap (P = 0.01). These differences, however, were not maintained for any of the blood components after the 10-h feed withdrawal (P > 0.22). Increasing dEB had no adverse effects (P > 0.18) on growth performance, meat quality, or carcass yield and did not decrease pars esophageal ulcer scores. This study demonstrated that the effect of dEB on blood components was not maintained after a 10-h feed withdrawal. Therefore, it is likely that the ability of the animal to withstand any increased metabolic acid load associated with the stress of transport was lost after feed withdrawal. Further research is needed to determine the effects of dEB alteration in animals that have not been fasted before shipment and using diets with a larger difference in dEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Edwards
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA
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186
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Boussaid-Om Ezzine S, Everaert N, Métayer-Coustard S, Rideau N, Berri C, Joubert R, Temim S, Collin A, Tesseraud S. Effects of heat exposure on Akt/S6K1 signaling and expression of genes related to protein and energy metabolism in chicken (Gallus gallus) pectoralis major muscle. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 157:281-7. [PMID: 20620217 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve understanding of the heat-induced changes in muscle growth, we determined the expression of genes related to protein and energy metabolism in the pectoralis major muscle of chickens. We also explored the protein kinase B (PKB also called Akt)/p70 S6 kinase (S6K1)/S6 pathway that mediates anabolic signals thereby regulating metabolism and hypertrophic/atrophic balance. Four-week-old chickens were exposed to 32 or 22 degrees C for 1 week. Chickens from both groups were then fasted for 16 h or left fed, and submitted to an oral administration of glucose-arginine to induce an anabolic response (30-min treatment) or left untreated. High ambient temperature and the associated decrease in feed intake modified the expression of certain energy-related genes (e.g. -40% for PGC-1alpha) and protein metabolism (e.g. about +80% for atrogin-1), but the expression of several muscle metabolism-related genes considered here was unchanged. The capacity for muscle protein synthesis, i.e. RNA/protein ratio, was reduced in warm conditions (approximately -20%). Slightly lower activation of S6 induced by glucose-arginine treatment was found at 32 degrees C compared to 22 degrees C, which might indicate somewhat lower efficiency of mRNA translation. Analysis of glucose/insulin balance suggested changes in glucose metabolism under heat exposure. However, this remains to be characterized.
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187
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The relationship between exsanguination blood lactate concentration and carcass quality in slaughter pigs. Meat Sci 2010; 85:435-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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188
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Characterising the emotional reactivity of cows to understand and predict their stress reactions to the slaughter procedure. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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189
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Fontanesi L, Speroni C, Buttazzoni L, Scotti E, Costa LN, Davoli R, Russo V. Association between cathepsin L (CTSL) and cathepsin S (CTSS) polymorphisms and meat production and carcass traits in Italian Large White pigs. Meat Sci 2010; 85:331-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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190
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Umar Faruk M, Bouvarel I, Même N, Rideau N, Roffidal L, Tukur H, Bastianelli D, Nys Y, Lescoat P. Sequential feeding using whole wheat and a separate protein-mineral concentrate improved feed efficiency in laying hens. Poult Sci 2010; 89:785-96. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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191
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Kamiński S, Koćwin-Podsiadła M, Sieczkowska H, Help H, Zybert A, Krzęcio E, Antosik K, Brym P, Wójcik E, Adamczyk G. Screening 52 single nucleotide polymorphisms for extreme value of glycolytic potential and drip loss in pigs. J Anim Breed Genet 2010; 127:125-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2009.00820.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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192
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Santé-Lhoutellier V, Gatellier P, Fiot I, Durand D, Micol D, Picard B. Specific features of muscles and meat from ‘AOC’ guaranteed-origin Taureau de Camargue beef cattle. Livest Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2009.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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193
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Yue H, Zhang L, Wu S, Xu L, Zhang H, Qi G. Effects of transport stress on blood metabolism, glycolytic potential, and meat quality in meat-type yellow-feathered chickens. Poult Sci 2010; 89:413-9. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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194
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Effects of concentrate type and level on the performance and health of finishing Hereford bulls given a grass silage-based diet and reared in cold conditions. Livest Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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195
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The effects of stunning methods on product qualities in force-fed ducks and geese. 1. Carcass downgrading and meat quality. Animal 2010; 4:128-38. [PMID: 22443627 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731109990851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of various stunning methods on the quality of carcass and meat in ducks and geese force-fed for the production of French 'foie gras'. The ducks (n = 30 per group) were stunned with one of the following techniques: electrical stunning in a water bath (50 Hz AC, 130 mA, 4 s), head-only electrical stunning (50 Hz AC, 600 mA, 4 s), mechanical stunning (captive bolt) and controlled atmosphere stunning (CAS: phase 1, CO2 (40%)-O2 (30%)-N2 (30%), for 2 min followed by phase 2, CO2 > 85% in air, for 2 min). The same methods (except head-only stunning which was not applied) were used in geese (n = 40 per group). During the first 5 min after slaughter, the stunning techniques that did not kill the animals were associated with a high incidence of head movements (mechanical and electrical head-only stunning), convulsions and convulsive wing flapping (mechanical stunning), in both species. Consequently, the rate of post-mortem pH fall in breast muscle was enhanced and the meat was paler when measured at 24 h or 6 days post mortem (L*, a*, b* coordinates). In ducks, the animals stunned in the water bath showed the lowest bleeding efficiency, compared to the three other procedures. In geese, the mechanical stunning allowed the highest recovery of blood compared to the CAS and the water-bath methods. Meat texture assessed instrumentally and fluid losses during storage and processing were not affected by the stunning method in any species. Sensory analysis showed a higher score for bloody appearance of raw meat in ducks stunned with the methods that kill before neck cutting (water-bath and CAS). This effect was, however, not linked to the rate of bleeding. The sensory properties of cooked meat were not affected by the stunning method. In both ducks and geese, CAS was associated with the lowest rate of fractures of humeral bone but CAS-stunned geese showed the most engorged wing veins. Overall, these results show the positive effect of CAS on the appearance defects of carcass and meat of ducks and geese, and, on the contrary, they confirm the detrimental effects of water-bath stunning on these criteria. However, the incidences on meat sensory qualities were scarce.
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196
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NYAM-OSOR P, SHIMADA K, HAN KH, FUKUSHIMA M, SEKIKAWA M. Correlation between the Presence of Ubiquitin Conjugated Protein Phosphatase Inhibitor 1 and Postmortem Muscle Glycogen Metabolism. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.16.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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197
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Sterten H, Oksbjerg N, Frøystein T, Ekker A, Kjos N. Effects of fasting prior to slaughter on pH development and energy metabolism post-mortem in M. longissimus dorsi of pigs. Meat Sci 2010; 84:93-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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198
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Bass PD, Engle TE, Belk KE, Chapman PL, Archibeque SL, Smith GC, Tatum JD. Effects of sex and short-term magnesium supplementation on stress responses and longissimus muscle quality characteristics of crossbred cattle1. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:349-60. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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199
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Sieczkowska H, Koćwin-Podsiadła M, Zybert A, Krzęcio E, Antosik K, Kamiński S, Wójcik E. The association between polymorphism of PKM2 gene and glycolytic potential and pork meat quality. Meat Sci 2010; 84:180-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Revised: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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200
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Sieczkowska H, Zybert A, Krzęcio E, Antosik K, Koćwin-Podsiadła M, Pierzchała M, Urbański P. The expression of genes PKM2 and CAST in the muscle tissue of pigs differentiated by glycolytic potential and drip loss, with reference to the genetic group. Meat Sci 2010; 84:137-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2009] [Revised: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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