151
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Grüner N, Stambouli O, Ross RS. Dried blood spots--preparing and processing for use in immunoassays and in molecular techniques. J Vis Exp 2015:52619. [PMID: 25867233 PMCID: PMC4397000 DOI: 10.3791/52619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The idea of collecting blood on a paper card and subsequently using the dried blood spots (DBS) for diagnostic purposes originated a century ago. Since then, DBS testing for decades has remained predominantly focused on the diagnosis of infectious diseases especially in resource-limited settings or the systematic screening of newborns for inherited metabolic disorders and only recently have a variety of new and innovative DBS applications begun to emerge. For many years, pre-analytical variables were only inappropriately considered in the field of DBS testing and even today, with the exception of newborn screening, the entire pre-analytical phase, which comprises the preparation and processing of DBS for their final analysis has not been standardized. Given this background, a comprehensive step-by-step protocol, which covers al the essential phases, is proposed, i.e., collection of blood; preparation of blood spots; drying of blood spots; storage and transportation of DBS; elution of DBS, and finally analyses of DBS eluates. The effectiveness of this protocol was first evaluated with 1,762 coupled serum/DBS pairs for detecting markers of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus infections on an automated analytical platform. In a second step, the protocol was utilized during a pilot study, which was conducted on active drug users in the German cities of Berlin and Essen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Grüner
- Institute of Virology, National Reference Centre for Hepatitis C, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen
| | - Oumaima Stambouli
- Institute of Virology, National Reference Centre for Hepatitis C, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen
| | - R Stefan Ross
- Institute of Virology, National Reference Centre for Hepatitis C, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen;
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152
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Application of paper spray–MS in PK studies using sunitinib and benzethonium as model compounds. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:413-23. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Current bioanalytical methods applied in nonclinical PK studies for screening drug candidates demand significant amount of time and resources, hence, the need to develop alternative methods. Results: A proof-of-concept paper spray–MS method for the detection and quantitation of small molecules in plasma has been developed and validated using sunitinib and benzethonium as model compounds. The method includes single oral or intravenous administration of sunitinib to mice and serial micro-volume (20 µl) blood collection at different time intervals. The method is rapid with overall analysis time of 1 min and a full PK profile of sunitinib was obtained from a single mouse. Conclusion: The paper spray–MS approach is simple, sensitive and can potentially enable significant reduction of animal use and cost.
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153
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Sanavio B, Krol S. On the Slow Diffusion of Point-of-Care Systems in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:20. [PMID: 25767794 PMCID: PMC4341557 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in point-of-care (PoC) technologies show great transformative promises for personalized preventative and predictive medicine. However, fields like therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), that first allowed for personalized treatment of patients' disease, still lag behind in the widespread application of PoC devices for monitoring of patients. Surprisingly, very few applications in commonly monitored drugs, such as anti-epileptics, are paving the way for a PoC approach to patient therapy monitoring compared to other fields like intensive care cardiac markers monitoring, glycemic controls in diabetes, or bench-top hematological parameters analysis at the local drug store. Such delay in the development of portable fast clinically effective drug monitoring devices is in our opinion due more to an inertial drag on the pervasiveness of these new devices into the clinical field than a lack of technical capability. At the same time, some very promising technologies failed in the clinical practice for inadequate understanding of the outcome parameters necessary for a relevant technological breakthrough that has superior clinical performance. We hope, by over-viewing both TDM practice and its yet unmet needs and latest advancement in micro- and nanotechnology applications to PoC clinical devices, to help bridging the two communities, the one exploiting analytical technologies and the one mastering the most advanced techniques, into translating existing and forthcoming technologies in effective devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Sanavio
- IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Silke Krol
- IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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154
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Samsonova JV, Chadina AS, Osipov AP, Kondakov SE, Makarova TE, Komarov AB. Detection of bovine leukemia virus by the polymerase chain reaction in dried blood spots using a membrane system of a new format. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3103/s0027131414060066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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155
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Wang Q, Zheng Y, Zhang X, Han X, Wang T, Zhang Z. A silica coated paper substrate: development and its application in paper spray mass spectrometry for rapid analysis of pesticides in milk. Analyst 2015; 140:8048-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an01823d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel silica coated paper substrate has been developed, which demonstrated a high capacity for direct analysis of pesticides in paper spray mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xi'an Shiyou University
- Xi'an 710065
- China
| | - Yajun Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xi'an Shiyou University
- Xi'an 710065
- China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xi'an Shiyou University
- Xi'an 710065
- China
| | - Xiaoxiao Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xi'an Shiyou University
- Xi'an 710065
- China
| | - Teng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xi'an Shiyou University
- Xi'an 710065
- China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xi'an Shiyou University
- Xi'an 710065
- China
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156
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Quantification of taxanes in biological matrices: a review of bioanalytical assays and recommendations for development of new assays. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:993-1010. [PMID: 24806907 DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the isolation of paclitaxel and its approval for the treatment of breast cancer, various taxanes and taxane formulations have been developed. To date, almost 100 bioanalytical assays have been published with the method development and optimization often extensively discussed by the authors. This Review presents an overview of assays published between January 1970 and September 2013 that described method development and validation of assays used to quantify taxanes in biological matrices such as plasma, urine, feces and tissue samples. For liquid chromatography assays, sample pretreatment, chromatographic separation and assay performance are compared. Since this Review discusses the limitations of previously developed liquid chromatography assays and gives recommendations for future assay development, it can be used as a reference for future development of liquid chromatography assays for the quantification of taxanes in various biological matrices to support preclinical and clinical studies.
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157
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Oliveira RV, Henion J, Wickremsinhe ER. Automated high-capacity on-line extraction and bioanalysis of dried blood spot samples using liquid chromatography/high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:2415-2426. [PMID: 25303470 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Pharmacokinetic data to support clinical development of pharmaceuticals are routinely obtained from liquid plasma samples. The plasma samples require frozen shipment and storage and are extracted off-line from the liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) systems. In contrast, the use of dried blood spot (DBS) sampling is an attractive alternative in part due to its benefits in microsampling as well as simpler sample storage and transport. However, from a practical aspect, sample extraction from DBS cards can be challenging as currently performed. The goal of this report was to integrate automated serial extraction of large numbers of DBS cards with on-line liquid chromatography/high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry (LC/HRAMS) bioanalysis. METHODS An automated system for direct DBS extraction coupled to a LC/HRAMS was employed for the quantification of midazolam (MDZ) and α-hydroxymidazolam (α-OHMDZ) in human blood. The target analytes were directly extracted from the DBS cards onto an on-line chromatographic guard column followed by HRAMS detection. No additional sample treatment was required. The automated DBS LC/HRAMS method was developed and validated, based on the measurement at the accurate mass-to-charge ratio of the target analytes to ensure specificity for the assay. RESULTS The automated DBS LC/HRAMS method analyzed a DBS sample within 2 min without the need for punching or additional off-line sample treatment. The fully automated analytical method was shown to be sensitive and selective over the concentration range of 5 to 2000 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy was less than 15% (less than 20% at the LLOQ). The validated method was successfully applied to measure MDZ and α-OHMDZ in an incurred human sample after a single 7.5 mg dose of MDZ. CONCLUSIONS The direct DBS LC/HRAMS method demonstrated successful implementation of automated DBS extraction and bioanalysis for MDZ and α-OHMDZ. This approach has the potential to promote workload reduction and sample throughput increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina V Oliveira
- Quintiles Bioanalytical and ADME Laboratories, 19 Brown Rd., Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
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158
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McCloskey LJ, Yoo JH, Stickle DF. Interpatient distributions of bloodspot area per fixed volume of application: Comparison between filter paper and non-cellulose dried matrix spotting cards. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 437:187-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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159
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Supercritical fluid extraction as a preparation method for mass spectrometry of dried blood spots. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 969:199-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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160
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Use of dried blood spots in doping control analysis of anabolic steroid esters. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 96:21-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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161
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The current role of on-line extraction approaches in clinical and forensic toxicology. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:2261-74. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In today's clinical and forensic toxicological laboratories, automation is of interest because of its ability to optimize processes, to reduce manual workload and handling errors and to minimize exposition to potentially infectious samples. Extraction is usually the most time-consuming step; therefore, automation of this step is reasonable. Currently, from the field of clinical and forensic toxicology, methods using the following on-line extraction techniques have been published: on-line solid-phase extraction, turbulent flow chromatography, solid-phase microextraction, microextraction by packed sorbent, single-drop microextraction and on-line desorption of dried blood spots. Most of these published methods are either single-analyte or multicomponent procedures; methods intended for systematic toxicological analysis are relatively scarce. However, the use of on-line extraction will certainly increase in the near future.
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162
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De Kesel PMM, Lambert WE, Stove CP. Why Dried Blood Spots Are an Ideal Tool for CYP1A2 Phenotyping. Clin Pharmacokinet 2014; 53:763-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s40262-014-0150-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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163
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Chao TC, Trybala A, Starov V, Das DB. Influence of haematocrit level on the kinetics of blood spreading on thin porous medium during dried blood spot sampling. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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164
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Assarsson E, Lundberg M, Holmquist G, Björkesten J, Bucht Thorsen S, Ekman D, Eriksson A, Rennel Dickens E, Ohlsson S, Edfeldt G, Andersson AC, Lindstedt P, Stenvang J, Gullberg M, Fredriksson S. Homogenous 96-plex PEA immunoassay exhibiting high sensitivity, specificity, and excellent scalability. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95192. [PMID: 24755770 PMCID: PMC3995906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1095] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical research is developing an ever greater need for comprehensive high-quality data generation to realize the promises of personalized health care based on molecular biomarkers. The nucleic acid proximity-based methods proximity ligation and proximity extension assays have, with their dual reporters, shown potential to relieve the shortcomings of antibodies and their inherent cross-reactivity in multiplex protein quantification applications. The aim of the present study was to develop a robust 96-plex immunoassay based on the proximity extension assay (PEA) for improved high throughput detection of protein biomarkers. This was enabled by: (1) a modified design leading to a reduced number of pipetting steps compared to the existing PEA protocol, as well as improved intra-assay precision; (2) a new enzymatic system that uses a hyper-thermostabile enzyme, Pwo, for uniting the two probes allowing for room temperature addition of all reagents and improved the sensitivity; (3) introduction of an inter-plate control and a new normalization procedure leading to improved inter-assay precision (reproducibility). The multiplex proximity extension assay was found to perform well in complex samples, such as serum and plasma, and also in xenografted mice and resuspended dried blood spots, consuming only 1 µL sample per test. All-in-all, the development of the current multiplex technique is a step toward robust high throughput protein marker discovery and research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stine Bucht Thorsen
- Section for Molecular Disease Biology and Sino-Danish Breast Cancer Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jan Stenvang
- Section for Molecular Disease Biology and Sino-Danish Breast Cancer Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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165
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Sharma A, Jaiswal S, Shukla M, Lal J. Dried blood spots: Concepts, present status, and future perspectives in bioanalysis. Drug Test Anal 2014; 6:399-414. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhisheak Sharma
- Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; New Delhi India
| | - Swati Jaiswal
- Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; New Delhi India
| | - Mahendra Shukla
- Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; New Delhi India
| | - Jawahar Lal
- Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; New Delhi India
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166
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Samsonova JV, Osipov AP, Kondakov SE. A new dried milk sampling technique and its application for progesterone detection in cows. Vet J 2014; 199:471-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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167
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Dairaku T, Iwamoto T, Nishimura M, Endo M, Ohashi T, Eto Y. A practical fluorometric assay method to measure lysosomal acid lipase activity in dried blood spots for the screening of cholesteryl ester storage disease and Wolman disease. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 111:193-6. [PMID: 24295952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fluorometric measurements of 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) are generally used to screen lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) using dried blood spots (DBSs). However, in DBS, it is difficult to measure lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) activity due to the influence of other lipases in whole blood. Recently, Hamilton used a fluorometric enzyme assay with 4-MU derivatives to measure the LAL activity in DBS. This method requires mercury chloride as stopping reagent, and the fluorescence intensity of 4-MU was measured at an acidic pH. We report a revised method to measure the LAL activity without using toxic mercury chloride and to measure the fluorescence intensity of 4-MU at a basic pH. For this measurement, we established a more practical method that does not require mercury chloride. The LAL activity in DBS was measured in 51 normal controls, seven obligate carriers and seven patients with CESD. The average LAL activities ± SD in the DBS from the normal, obligate carriers and CESD patients were 0.68 ± 0.2 (range: 0.3-1.08), 0.21 ± 0.1 (range: 0.11-0.41) and 0.02 ± 0.02 (range: 0-0.06) nmol/punch/h, respectively. There was a significant difference between the normal and the CESD. Our method does not require toxic mercury chloride and is an appropriate revised enzyme assay using DBS for screening patients with CESD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takenori Dairaku
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takeo Iwamoto
- Division of Biochemistry, Core Research Facilities, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minami Nishimura
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Endo
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Toya Ohashi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Gene Therapy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikatu Eto
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Fukushima, Japan.
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168
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How effective is the use of DBS and DPS as tools to encourage widespread therapeutic drug monitoring? Bioanalysis 2014; 6:425-7. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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169
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Oliveira RV, Henion J, Wickremsinhe E. Fully-Automated Approach for Online Dried Blood Spot Extraction and Bioanalysis by Two-Dimensional-Liquid Chromatography Coupled with High-Resolution Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2014; 86:1246-53. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403672u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Regina V. Oliveira
- Quintiles
Bioanalytical and ADME Laboratories, 19 Brown Rd., Ithaca, NY 14850, United States
| | - Jack Henion
- Quintiles
Bioanalytical and ADME Laboratories, 19 Brown Rd., Ithaca, NY 14850, United States
| | - Enaksha Wickremsinhe
- Eli Lilly
and
Company, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center Indianapolis, IN 46285, United States
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170
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Ambient Ionization-Paper Spray Ionization and Its Application. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(13)60706-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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171
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Abstract
This Review provides a general understanding of paper spray-MS, including the methodology and theory associated with a number of different related applications. This method has become a direct sampling/ionization method for mass spectrometric analysis at ambient conditions and, as a result, it has greatly simplified and increased the speed of mass-spectrum analysis. It has now become an increasingly popular and important method for MS. The first part of this review discusses the fundamentals of paper spray. Some modifications are also reviewed, including nib-assisted paper spray, droplet monitoring, high-throughput paper spray, leaf spray, tissue spray and wooden tip spray. The second part focuses on recent applications, including the analysis of DBS, foodstuffs, drugs and oil. These studies show that paper spray-MS has great potential for use as a fast sampling ionization method, and for the direct analysis of biological and chemical samples at ambient conditions.
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172
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Nunes de Paiva MJ, Menezes HC, de Lourdes Cardeal Z. Sampling and analysis of metabolomes in biological fluids. Analyst 2014; 139:3683-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an00583j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Metabolome analysis involves the study of small molecules that are involved in the metabolic responses that occur through patho-physiological changes caused by genetic stimuli or chemical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria José Nunes de Paiva
- Departamento de Química
- ICEx
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
- 6627-31270901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei
| | - Helvécio Costa Menezes
- Departamento de Química
- ICEx
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
- 6627-31270901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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173
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Pecce R, Scolamiero E, Ingenito L, Parenti G, Ruoppolo M. Optimization of an HPLC method for phenylalanine and tyrosine quantization in dried blood spot. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:1892-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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174
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Begolo S, Shen F, Ismagilov RF. A microfluidic device for dry sample preservation in remote settings. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:4331-42. [PMID: 24056744 PMCID: PMC3851311 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50747e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a microfluidic device for dry preservation of biological specimens at room temperature that incorporates chemical stabilization matrices. Long-term stabilization of samples is crucial for remote medical analysis, biosurveillance, and archiving, but the current paradigm for transporting remotely obtained samples relies on the costly "cold chain" to preserve analytes within biospecimens. We propose an alternative approach that involves the use of microfluidics to preserve samples in the dry state with stabilization matrices, developed by others, that are based on self-preservation chemistries found in nature. We describe a SlipChip-based device that allows minimally trained users to preserve samples with the three simple steps of placing a sample at an inlet, closing a lid, and slipping one layer of the device. The device fills automatically, and a pre-loaded desiccant dries the samples. Later, specimens can be rehydrated and recovered for analysis in a laboratory. This device is portable, compact, and self-contained, so it can be transported and operated by untrained users even in limited-resource settings. Features such as dead-end and sequential filling, combined with a "pumping lid" mechanism, enable precise quantification of the original sample's volume while avoiding overfilling. In addition, we demonstrated that the device can be integrated with a plasma filtration module, and we validated device operations and capabilities by testing the stability of purified RNA solutions. These features and the modularity of this platform (which facilitates integration and simplifies operation) would be applicable to other microfluidic devices beyond this application. We envision that as the field of stabilization matrices develops, microfluidic devices will be useful for cost-effectively facilitating remote analysis and biosurveillance while also opening new opportunities for diagnostics, drug development, and other medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Begolo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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175
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Application of dried spot cards as a rapid sample treatment method for determining hydroxytyrosol metabolites in human urine samples. Comparison with microelution solid-phase extraction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:9179-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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176
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Hemato-critical issues in quantitative analysis of dried blood spots: challenges and solutions. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:2023-41. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling for quantitative determination of drugs in blood has entered the bioanalytical arena at a fast pace during the last decade, primarily owing to progress in analytical instrumentation. Despite the many advantages associated with this new sampling strategy, several issues remain, of which the hematocrit issue is undoubtedly the most widely discussed challenge, since strongly deviating hematocrit values may significantly impact DBS-based quantitation. In this review, an overview is given of the different aspects of the ‘hematocrit problem’ in quantitative DBS analysis. The different strategies that try to cope with this problem are discussed, along with their potential and limitations. Implementation of some of these strategies in practice may help to overcome this important hurdle in DBS assays, further allowing DBS to become an established part of routine quantitative bioanalysis.
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Sen A, Wang Y, Chiu K, Whiley L, Cowan D, Chang RCC, Legido-Quigley C. Metabolic Phenotype of the Healthy Rodent Model Using In-Vial Extraction of Dried Serum, Urine, and Cerebrospinal Fluid Spots. Anal Chem 2013; 85:7257-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401149w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arundhuti Sen
- King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street,
London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Yaoyao Wang
- King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street,
London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Kin Chiu
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative
Diseases, Department of Anatomy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR,
China
| | - Luke Whiley
- King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street,
London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - David Cowan
- King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street,
London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative
Diseases, Department of Anatomy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR,
China
| | - Cristina Legido-Quigley
- King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street,
London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
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Abstract
This article discusses the benefits of dried blood spot sampling and the recent issues that have emerged when this technique is used in the regulated quantitative bioanalytical environment. The author explores what the way forward might be for this important technique and what some of the unexpected benefits of this change in sampling methodologies have been.
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