151
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Suherman AL, Rasche B, Godlewska B, Nicholas P, Herlihy S, Caiger N, Cowen PJ, Compton RG. Electrochemical Detection and Quantification of Lithium Ions in Authentic Human Saliva Using LiMn 2O 4-Modified Electrodes. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2497-2506. [PMID: 31429259 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We report an electrochemical sensor for the detection of lithium ions (Li+) in authentic human saliva at lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4)-modified glassy carbon electrodes (LMO-GCEs) and screen-printed electrodes (LMO-SPEs). The sensing strategy is based on an initial galvanostatic delithiation of LMO followed by linear stripping voltammetry (LSV) to detect the reinsertion of Li+ in the analyte. The process was investigated using powder X-ray diffraction and voltammetry. LSV measurements reveal a measurable lower limit of 50.0 μM in both LiClO4 aqueous solutions and synthetic saliva samples, demonstrating the applicability of the proposed analytical method down to low Li+ concentrations. Four different samples of authentic human saliva were then analyzed with the established sensing strategy using LMO-SPEs, showing good linearity over a concentration range up to 5.0 mM Li+ with high reproducibility (RSD < 7%) and applicability for routine monitoring purposes. The total time needed to analyze a sample is less than 3 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex L. Suherman
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Bertold Rasche
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Beata Godlewska
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7JX, U.K
| | - Philip Nicholas
- SunSens Department, Sun Chemical Ltd., The Ridge Factory, Yate, Bristol BS37 7AA, U.K
| | - Shaun Herlihy
- SunSens Department, Sun Chemical Ltd., The Ridge Factory, Yate, Bristol BS37 7AA, U.K
| | - Nigel Caiger
- SunSens Department, Sun Chemical Ltd., The Ridge Factory, Yate, Bristol BS37 7AA, U.K
| | - Philip J. Cowen
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7JX, U.K
| | - Richard G. Compton
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
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152
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Cánovas R, Padrell Sánchez S, Parrilla M, Cuartero M, Crespo GA. Cytotoxicity Study of Ionophore-Based Membranes: Toward On-Body and in Vivo Ion Sensing. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2524-2535. [PMID: 31448593 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We present the most complete study to date comprising in vitro cytotoxicity tests of ion-selective membranes (ISMs) in terms of cell viability, proliferation, and adhesion assays with human dermal fibroblasts. ISMs were prepared with different types of plasticizers and ionophores to be tested in combination with assays that focus on the medium-term and long-term leaching of compounds. Furthermore, the ISMs were prepared in different configurations considering (i) inner-filling solution-type electrodes, (ii) all-solid-state electrodes based on a conventional drop-cast of the membrane, (iii) peeling after the preparation of a wearable sensor, and (iv) detachment from a microneedle-based sensor, thus covering a wide range of membrane shapes. One of the aims of this study, other than the demonstration of the biocompatibility of various ISMs and materials tested herein, is to create an awareness in the scientific community surrounding the need to perform biocompatibility assays during the very first steps of any sensor development with an intended biomedical application. This will foster meeting the requirements for subsequent on-body application of the sensor and avoiding further problems during massive validations toward the final in vivo use and commercialization of such devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Cánovas
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Padrell Sánchez
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, and Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marc Parrilla
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - María Cuartero
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gastón A. Crespo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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153
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Balbaied T, Moore E. Overview of Optical and Electrochemical Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Biosensors: Recent Approaches in Cells Culture Techniques. BIOSENSORS 2019; 9:E102. [PMID: 31450819 PMCID: PMC6784369 DOI: 10.3390/bios9030102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which catalyzes the dephosphorylation process of proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecules, can be found in a variety of tissues (intestine, liver, bone, kidney, and placenta) of almost all living organisms. This enzyme has been extensively used as a biomarker in enzyme immunoassays and molecular biology. ALP is also one of the most commonly assayed enzymes in routine clinical practice. Due to its close relation to a variety of pathological processes, ALP's abnormal level is an important diagnostic biomarker of many human diseases, such as liver dysfunction, bone diseases, kidney acute injury, and cancer. Therefore, the development of convenient and reliable assay methods for monitoring ALP activity/level is extremely important and valuable, not only for clinical diagnoses but also in the area of biomedical research. This paper comprehensively reviews the strategies of optical and electrochemical detection of ALP and discusses the electrochemical techniques that have been addressed to make them suitable for ALP analysis in cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanih Balbaied
- University College Cork, Sensing & Separation Group, School of Chemistry and life Science Interface, Tyndall National Institute, T12R5CP Cork, Ireland
| | - Eric Moore
- University College Cork, Sensing & Separation Group, School of Chemistry and life Science Interface, Tyndall National Institute, T12R5CP Cork, Ireland.
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154
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Ferrocene self assembled monolayer as a redox mediator for triggering ion transfer across nanometer-sized membranes. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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155
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Arnaboldi S, Vigo D, Longhi M, Orsini F, Riva S, Grecchi S, Giacovelli E, Guglielmi V, Cirilli R, Longhi G, Mazzeo G, Benincori T, Mussini PR. Self‐Standing Membranes Consisting of Inherently Chiral Electroactive Oligomers: Electrosynthesis, Characterization and Preliminary Tests in Potentiometric Setups. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Arnaboldi
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Daniele Vigo
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Mariangela Longhi
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Francesco Orsini
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”Università degli Studi di Milano Via Celoria 16 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Sephira Riva
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Sara Grecchi
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Elena Giacovelli
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Vittoria Guglielmi
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Roberto Cirilli
- Centro Nazionale per il Controllo e la Valutazione dei FarmaciIstituto Superiore di Sanità Viale Regina Elena 299 00161 Roma Italy
| | - Giovanna Longhi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e TraslazionaleUniversità degli Studi di Brescia Sezione di Fisica c/o, Viale Europa 11 25123 Brescia Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mazzeo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e TraslazionaleUniversità degli Studi di Brescia Sezione di Fisica c/o, Viale Europa 11 25123 Brescia Italy
| | - Tiziana Benincori
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta tecnologiaUniversità degli Studi dell'Insubria Via Valleggio 11 22100 Como Italy
| | - Patrizia R. Mussini
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
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156
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Disposable Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes-Based Plasticizer-Free Solid-Contact Pb 2+-Selective Electrodes with a Sub-PPB Detection Limit †. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19112550. [PMID: 31167473 PMCID: PMC6603586 DOI: 10.3390/s19112550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Potentiometric plasticizer-free solid-contact Pb2+-selective electrodes based on copolymer methyl methacrylate-n-butyl acrylate (MMA-BA) as membrane matrix and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as intermediate ion-to-electron transducing layer have been developed. The disposable electrodes were prepared by drop-casting the copolymer membrane onto a layer of MWCNTs, which deposited on golden disk electrodes. The obtained electrodes exhibited a sub-ppb level detection limit of 10−10 mol·L−1. The proposed electrodes demonstrated a Nernstian slope of 29.1 ± 0.5 mV/decade in the linear range from 2.0 × 10−10 to 1.5 × 10−3 mol·L−1. No interference from gases (O2 and CO2) or water films was observed. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the fabricated electrodes was compared to that of plasticizer-free Pb2+-selective electrodes without MWCNTs as intermediated layers. The plasticizer-free MWCNTs-based Pb2+-selective electrodes can provide a promising platform for Pb(II) detection in environmental and clinical application.
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157
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Jiang X, Wang P, Liang R, Qin W. Improving the Biocompatibility of Polymeric Membrane Potentiometric Ion Sensors by Using a Mussel-Inspired Polydopamine Coating. Anal Chem 2019; 91:6424-6429. [PMID: 31034209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric membrane potentiometric ion sensors have been widely used in clinical diagnosis for the detection of electrolyte ions and account for billions of measurements every year throughout the world. However, in many cases of practical relevance, biofouling, which might lead to sensor failure, usually occurs due to the lack of biocompatibility of these sensors. Herein, we describe a simple and robust approach for improving the biocompatibility of the polymeric ion-selective membranes. A marine mussel-inspired polydopamine polymer is used as a hydrophilic coating on the surface of conventional potentiometric ion sensors. Such a coating can be easily formed by self-polymerization of dopamine and robustly deposited on the sensor surface mimicking the adhesion mechanism of mussels. The classical poly(vinyl chloride) membrane-based calcium ion-selective electrode (ISE) is chosen as a model. Compared to the unmodified Ca2+ ISE, the polydopamine modified electrode shows a significantly reduced blood platelet adsorption while retaining original potentiometric ion response properties, which clearly indicates a high antifouling capability induced by the hydrophilic polydopamine coating. We believe that the proposed approach can provide an appealing way to improve the biocompatibility in the development of polymeric membrane electrochemical and optical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai , Shandong 264003 , People's Republic of China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai , Shandong 264003 , People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Shandong B&E Bio-technology Co., Ltd , Yantai , People's Republic of China
| | - Rongning Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai , Shandong 264003 , People's Republic of China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai , Shandong 264003 , People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266200 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai , Shandong 264003 , People's Republic of China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai , Shandong 264003 , People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266200 , People's Republic of China
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158
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Jansod S, Bakker E. Tunable Optical Sensing with PVC-Membrane-Based Ion-Selective Bipolar Electrodes. ACS Sens 2019; 4:1008-1016. [PMID: 30859814 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We show here that the response of ion-selective membrane electrodes (ISEs) based on traditional PVC membranes can be directly translated to a colorimetric readout by a closed bipolar electrode (BPE) arrangement. Because the resulting optical response is based on the turnover of the redox probe, ferroin, dissolved in a thin layer compartment, it directly indicates the potential change at the ISE in combination with a reference electrode. This class of probes measures ion activity, analogous to their ISE counterparts. Unlike other ion optodes, the response is also fully tunable over a wide concentration range by the application of an external potential and occurs in a compartment that is physically separate from the sample. To allow for the electrical charge to pass across the ion-selective electrodes, the membranes are doped with inert lipophilic electrolyte, ETH 500, but otherwise have an established composition. The observed response behavior correlates well with theory. A wide range of ion-selective membranes are confirmed to work with this readout principle, demonstrating the detection of potassium, sodium, calcium, and carbonate ions. The corresponding sigmodal calibration curve is used for quantitative analysis in a range of samples including commercial beverages and river and lake samples. The data are successfully correlated with atomic emission spectroscopy and direct potentiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutida Jansod
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical, and Applied Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Bakker
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical, and Applied Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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159
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Zhao L, Jiang Y, Wei H, Jiang Y, Ma W, Zheng W, Cao AM, Mao L. In Vivo Measurement of Calcium Ion with Solid-State Ion-Selective Electrode by Using Shelled Hollow Carbon Nanospheres as a Transducing Layer. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4421-4428. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhao
- Institute of Surface/Interface Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huan Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Institute of Surface/Interface Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - An-Min Cao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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