151
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Kim JH, Jung Y, Lee D, Jang WD. Thermoresponsive Polymer and Fluorescent Dye Hybrids for Tunable Multicolor Emission. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:3499-3503. [PMID: 26990858 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fully reversible emission color change is achieved by blending a thermoresponsive polymer with dye hybrids. The emission color can be tuned by changing the mixing ratio of each polymer-dye hybrid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Ho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 120-749, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yongseok Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 120-749, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dajung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 120-749, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Dong Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 120-749, Seoul, Korea
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152
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Kim E, Yoo SJ, Kim E, Kwon TH, Zhang L, Moon C, Choi H. Nano-patterned SU-8 surface using nanosphere-lithography for enhanced neuronal cell growth. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:175303. [PMID: 26984937 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/17/175303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mimicking the nanoscale surface texture of the extracellular matrix can affect the regulation of cellular behavior, including adhesion, differentiation, and neurite outgrowth. In this study, SU-8-based polymer surfaces with well-ordered nanowell arrays were fabricated using nanosphere lithography with polystyrene nanoparticles. We show that the SU-8 surface with nanowells resulted in similar neuronal development of rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells compared with an unpatterned poly-L-lysine (PLL)-coated SU-8 surface. Additionally, even after soaking the substrate in cell culture medium for two weeks, cells on the nanowell SU-8 surface showed long-term neurite outgrowth compared to cells on the PLL-coated SU-8 surface. The topographical surface modification of the nanowell array demonstrates potential as a replacement for cell adhesive material coatings such as PLL, for applications requiring long-term use of polymer-based implantable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Kim
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center (DEMRC), Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea. Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
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153
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Opoku-Damoah Y, Wang R, Zhou J, Ding Y. Versatile Nanosystem-Based Cancer Theranostics: Design Inspiration and Predetermined Routing. Theranostics 2016; 6:986-1003. [PMID: 27217832 PMCID: PMC4876623 DOI: 10.7150/thno.14860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The relevance of personalized medicine, aimed at a more individualized drug therapy, has inspired research into nano-based concerted diagnosis and therapeutics (theranostics). As the intention is to "kill two birds with one stone", scientists have already described the emerging concept as a treasured tailor for the future of cancer therapy, wherein the main idea is to design "smart" nanosystems to concurrently discharge both therapeutic and diagnostic roles. These nanosystems are expected to offer a relatively clearer view of the ingenious cellular trafficking pathway, in-situ diagnosis, and therapeutic efficacy. We herein present a detailed review of versatile nanosystems, with prominent examples of recently developed intelligent delivery strategies which have gained attention in the field of theranostics. These nanotheranostics include various mechanisms programmed in novel platforms to enable predetermined delivery of cargo to specific sites, as well as techniques to overcome the notable challenges involved in the efficacy of theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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154
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Rahong S, Yasui T, Kaji N, Baba Y. Recent developments in nanowires for bio-applications from molecular to cellular levels. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:1126-38. [PMID: 26928289 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01306b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the most promising applications of nanowires for bioanalytical chemistry and medical diagnostics. The materials discussed here are metal oxide and Si semiconductors, which are integrated with various microfluidic systems. Nanowire structures offer desirable advantages such as a very small diameter size with a high aspect ratio and a high surface-to-volume ratio without grain boundaries; consequently, nanowires are promising tools to study biological systems. This review starts with the integration of nanowire structures into microfluidic systems, followed by the discussion of the advantages of nanowire structures in the separation, manipulation and purification of biomolecules (DNA, RNA and proteins). Next, some representative nanowire devices are introduced for biosensors from molecular to cellular levels based on electrical and optical approaches. Finally, we conclude the review by highlighting some bio-applications for nanowires and presenting the next challenges that must be overcome to improve the capabilities of nanowire structures for biological and medical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakon Rahong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan. and ImPACT Research Center for Advanced Nanobiodevices, Nagoya University, Japan
| | - Takao Yasui
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan. and ImPACT Research Center for Advanced Nanobiodevices, Nagoya University, Japan and JST, PRESTO, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan
| | - Noritada Kaji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan. and ImPACT Research Center for Advanced Nanobiodevices, Nagoya University, Japan and ERATO Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan. and ImPACT Research Center for Advanced Nanobiodevices, Nagoya University, Japan and Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu 761-0395, Japan
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155
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Kim JH, Yim D, Jang WD. Thermo-responsive poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) and tetraphenylethene hybrids for stimuli-responsive photoluminescence control. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:4152-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00722h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) (POx), a typical thermo-responsive polymer, was conjugated with a tetraphenylethene derivative, having aggregation induced emission behavior, towards the thermal control of their fluorescence emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Ho Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - Dajeong Yim
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul
- Korea
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156
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Green BJ, Saberi Safaei T, Mepham A, Labib M, Mohamadi RM, Kelley SO. Beyond the Capture of Circulating Tumor Cells: Next-Generation Devices and Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:1252-65. [PMID: 26643151 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, significant progress has been made towards the development of approaches that enable the capture of rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the blood of cancer patients, a critical capability for noninvasive tumor profiling. These advances have leveraged new insights in materials chemistry and microfluidics and allowed the capture and enumeration of CTCs with unprecedented sensitivity. However, it has become increasingly clear that simply capturing and counting tumor cells launched into the bloodstream may not provide the information needed to advance our understanding of the biology of these rare cells, or to allow us to better exploit them in medicine. A variety of advances have now emerged demonstrating that more information can be extracted from CTCs with next-generation devices and materials featuring tailored physical and chemical properties. In this Minireview, the last ten years of work in this area will be discussed, with an emphasis on the groundbreaking work of the last five years, during which the focus has moved beyond the simple capture of CTCs and gravitated towards approaches that enable in-depth analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda J Green
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tina Saberi Safaei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adam Mepham
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mahmoud Labib
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Reza M Mohamadi
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shana O Kelley
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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157
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Green BJ, Saberi Safaei T, Mepham A, Labib M, Mohamadi RM, Kelley SO. Profilierung zirkulierender Tumorzellen mit Apparaturen und Materialien der nächsten Generation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda J. Green
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Kanada
| | - Tina Saberi Safaei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Kanada
| | - Adam Mepham
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Kanada
| | - Mahmoud Labib
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Kanada
| | - Reza M. Mohamadi
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Kanada
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Kanada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Kanada
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Kanada
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158
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He Q, Guo S, Qian Z, Chen X. Development of individualized anti-metastasis strategies by engineering nanomedicines. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:6258-6286. [PMID: 26056688 PMCID: PMC4540626 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00511b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is deadly and also tough to treat as it is much more complicated than the primary tumour. Anti-metastasis approaches available so far are far from being optimal. A variety of nanomedicine formulae provide a plethora of opportunities for developing new strategies and means for tackling metastasis. It should be noted that individualized anti-metastatic nanomedicines are different from common anti-cancer nanomedicines as they specifically target different populations of malignant cells. This review briefly introduces the features of the metastatic cascade, and proposes a series of nanomedicine-based anti-metastasis strategies aiming to block each metastatic step. Moreover, we also concisely introduce the advantages of several promising nanoparticle platforms and their potential for constructing state-of-the-art individualized anti-metastatic nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianjun He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Shengrong Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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159
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Qian W, Zhang Y, Chen W. Capturing Cancer: Emerging Microfluidic Technologies for the Capture and Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:3850-72. [PMID: 25993898 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201403658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) escape from primary or metastatic lesions and enter into circulation, carrying significant information of cancer progression and metastasis. Capture of CTCs from the bloodstream and the characterization of these cells hold great significance for the detection, characterization, and monitoring of cancer. Despite the urgent need from clinics, it remains a major challenge to capture and retain these rare cells from human blood with high specificity and yield. Recent exciting advances in micro/nanotechnology, microfluidics, and materials science have enable versatile, robust, and efficient cell isolation and processing through the development of new micro/nanoengineered devices and biomaterials. This review provides a summary of recent progress along this direction, with a focus on emerging methods for CTC capture and processing, and their application in cancer research. Furthermore, classical as well as emerging cellular characterization methods are reviewed to reveal the role of CTCs in cancer progression and metastasis, and hypotheses are proposed in regard to the potential emerging research directions most desired in CTC-related cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Qian
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
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160
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Lv SW, Wang J, Xie M, Lu NN, Li Z, Yan XW, Cai SL, Zhang PA, Dong WG, Huang WH. Photoresponsive immunomagnetic nanocarrier for capture and release of rare circulating tumor cells. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6432-6438. [PMID: 28757959 PMCID: PMC5507187 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01380a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
7-Aminocoumarin compound was synthesized and used as phototrigger to cage EpCAM-antibody to construct a photocontrolled CTCs capture and release system.
Isolation, release and culture of rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may, if implemented, promote the progress of individualized anti-tumor therapies. To realize the release of CTCs without disruption of their viability for further culture and analysis, we designed an effective photocontrolled CTC capture/release system by combination of photochemistry and immunomagnetic separation. 7-Aminocoumarin was synthesized as the phototrigger to bridge the connection between the anti-EpCAM antibody and the magnetic beads. The coumarin moieties produced cleavage of a C–O bond under both ultraviolet (UV) and near-infrared (NIR) light illumination, breaking the bridge and releasing CTCs from the immunomagnetic beads. Compared with conventional immunomagnetic separation systems, the negative influence of absorbed immunomagnetic beads on further CTCs culture and analysis was effectively eliminated. The system can specifically recognize 102 MCF-7 cells in 1 mL of human whole blood samples with 90% efficiency and 85% purity. Under the irradiation of UV and NIR light, 73 ± 4% and 52 ± 6% of captured cells were released with a viability of 90% and 97%, respectively. Furthermore, this technique has been used to detect CTCs from whole blood of cancer patients with high purity. This study demonstrates that the photochemical-based immunomagnetic separation method for isolating, releasing and culturing CTCs from clinic patients may provide new opportunities for cancer diagnosis and personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Wei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-27-68752149
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology , Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan 430060 , China .
| | - Min Xie
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-27-68752149
| | - Ning-Ning Lu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-27-68752149
| | - Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-27-68752149
| | - Xue-Wei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-27-68752149
| | - Si-Liang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-27-68752149
| | - Ping-An Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory , Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan 430060 , China
| | - Wei-Guo Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology , Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan 430060 , China .
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-27-68752149
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161
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Kim JH, Koo E, Ju SY, Jang WD. Multimodal Stimuli-Responsive Poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) with Dual Molecular Logic Gate Operations. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Ho Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Eunhye Koo
- Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Sang-Yong Ju
- Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Woo-Dong Jang
- Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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162
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Wang C, Ye M, Cheng L, Li R, Zhu W, Shi Z, Fan C, He J, Liu J, Liu Z. Simultaneous isolation and detection of circulating tumor cells with a microfluidic silicon-nanowire-array integrated with magnetic upconversion nanoprobes. Biomaterials 2015; 54:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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163
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Hsiao YS, Ho BC, Yan HX, Kuo CW, Chueh DY, Yu HH, Chen P. Integrated 3D conducting polymer-based bioelectronics for capture and release of circulating tumor cells. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:5103-5110. [PMID: 32262462 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00096c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Here we develop a novel fabrication approach for producing three-dimensional (3D) conducting polymer-based bioelectronic interfaces (BEIs) that can be integrated on electronic devices for rare circulating tumor cell (CTC) isolation, detection, and collection via an electrically triggered cell released from chips. Based on the chemical oxidative polymerization of carboxylic acid-modified 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene and modified poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) transfer printing technology, the high-aspect-ratio structures of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-based "nanorod" arrays can be fabricated on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes when using the Si "microrod" arrays as masters. Furthermore, we integrated the biotinylated poly-(l)-lysine-graft-poly-ethylene-glycol (PLL-g-PEG-biotin) coating with 3D PEDOT-based BEIs for dynamic control of the capture/release performance of CTCs on chips; this combination exhibited an optimal cell-capture yield cells of ∼45 000 cells cm-2 from EpCAM-positive MCF7 while maintaining resistance from the adhesion of EpCAM-negative HeLa cells at a density of ∼4000 cells cm-2. By taking advantage of the electrochemical doping/dedoping properties of PEDOT materials, the captured CTCs can be triggered to be electrically released through the desorption phenomena of the PLL-g-PEG-biotin. More than 90% of the captured cells can be released while maintaining very high cell viability. Therefore, it is conceivable that the use of a 3D PEDOT-based BEI platform will meet the requirements for the development of downstream characterization of CTCs, as well as the next generation of bioelectronics for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Hsiao
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gunjuan Road, Taishan, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan.
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164
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Qin X, Park S, Duffy SP, Matthews K, Ang RR, Todenhöfer T, Abdi H, Azad A, Bazov J, Chi KN, Black PC, Ma H. Size and deformability based separation of circulating tumor cells from castrate resistant prostate cancer patients using resettable cell traps. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:2278-86. [PMID: 25876237 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00226e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The enumeration and capture of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are potentially of great clinical value as they offer a non-invasive means to access tumor materials to diagnose disease and monitor treatment efficacy. Conventional immunoenrichment of CTCs may fail to capture cells with low surface antigen expression. Micropore filtration presents a compelling label-free alternative that enriches CTCs using their biophysical rather than biochemical characteristics. However, this strategy is prone to clogging of the filter microstructure, which dramatically reduces the selectivity after processing large numbers of cells. Here, we use the resettable cell trap (RCT) mechanism to separate cells based on their size and deformability using an adjustable aperture that can be periodically cleared to prevent clogging. After separation, the output sample is stained and analyzed using multi-spectral analysis, which provides a more sensitive and unambiguous method to identify CTC biomarkers than traditional immunofluorescence. We tested the RCT device using blood samples obtained from 22 patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer while comparing the results with the established CellSearch® system. The RCT mechanism was able to capture ≥5 CTCs in 18/22 (82%) patients with a mean count of 257 in 7.5 ml of whole blood, while the CellSearch system found ≥5 CTCs in 9/22 (41%) patients with a mean count of 25. The ~10× improvement in the CTC capture rate provides significantly more materials for subsequent analysis of these cells such as immunofluorescence, propagation by tissue culture, and genetic profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Qin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2054-6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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165
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Chen JF, Ho H, Lichterman J, Lu YT, Zhang Y, Garcia MA, Chen SF, Liang AJ, Hodara E, Zhau HE, Hou S, Ahmed RS, Luthringer DJ, Huang J, Li KC, Chung LWK, Ke Z, Tseng HR, Posadas EM. Subclassification of prostate cancer circulating tumor cells by nuclear size reveals very small nuclear circulating tumor cells in patients with visceral metastases. Cancer 2015; 121:3240-51. [PMID: 25975562 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has shown some clinical value, the pool of CTCs contains a mixture of cells that contains additional information that can be extracted. The authors subclassified CTCs by shape features focusing on nuclear size and related this with clinical information. METHODS A total of 148 blood samples were obtained from 57 patients with prostate cancer across the spectrum of metastatic states: no metastasis, nonvisceral metastasis, and visceral metastasis. CTCs captured and enumerated on NanoVelcro Chips (CytoLumina, Los Angeles, Calif) were subjected to pathologic review including nuclear size. The distribution of nuclear size was analyzed using a Gaussian mixture model. Correlations were made between CTC subpopulations and metastatic status. RESULTS Statistical modeling of nuclear size distribution revealed 3 distinct subpopulations: large nuclear CTCs, small nuclear CTCs, and very small nuclear CTCs (vsnCTCs). Small nuclear CTCs and vsnCTC identified those patients with metastatic disease. However, vsnCTC counts alone were found to be elevated in patients with visceral metastases when compared with those without (0.36 ± 0.69 vs 1.95 ± 3.77 cells/mL blood; P<.001). Serial enumeration studies suggested the emergence of vsnCTCs occurred before the detection of visceral metastases. CONCLUSIONS There are morphologic subsets of CTCs that can be identified by fundamental pathologic approaches, such as nuclear size measurement. The results of this observational study strongly suggest that CTCs contain relevant information regarding disease status. In particular, the detection of vsnCTCs was found to be correlated with the presence of visceral metastases and should be formally explored as a putative blood-borne biomarker to identify patients at risk of developing this clinical evolution of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Fu Chen
- Urologic Oncology Program and Uro-Oncology Research Laboratories, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hao Ho
- Department of Statistics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Institute of Statistical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jake Lichterman
- Urologic Oncology Program and Uro-Oncology Research Laboratories, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yi-Tsung Lu
- Urologic Oncology Program and Uro-Oncology Research Laboratories, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mitch A Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shang-Fu Chen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - An-Jou Liang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Elisabeth Hodara
- Urologic Oncology Program and Uro-Oncology Research Laboratories, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Haiyen E Zhau
- Urologic Oncology Program and Uro-Oncology Research Laboratories, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shuang Hou
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rafi S Ahmed
- Urologic Oncology Program and Uro-Oncology Research Laboratories, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniel J Luthringer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ker-Chau Li
- Department of Statistics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Institute of Statistical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Leland W K Chung
- Urologic Oncology Program and Uro-Oncology Research Laboratories, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zunfu Ke
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- Institute of Statistical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Edwin M Posadas
- Urologic Oncology Program and Uro-Oncology Research Laboratories, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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166
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Ke Z, Lin M, Chen JF, Choi JS, Zhang Y, Fong A, Liang AJ, Chen SF, Li Q, Fang W, Zhang P, Garcia MA, Lee T, Song M, Lin HA, Zhao H, Luo SC, Hou S, Yu HH, Tseng HR. Programming thermoresponsiveness of NanoVelcro substrates enables effective purification of circulating tumor cells in lung cancer patients. ACS NANO 2015; 9:62-70. [PMID: 25495128 PMCID: PMC4310634 DOI: 10.1021/nn5056282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Unlike tumor biopsies that can be constrained by problems such as sampling bias, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are regarded as the "liquid biopsy" of the tumor, providing convenient access to all disease sites, including primary tumor and fatal metastases. Although enumerating CTCs is of prognostic significance in solid tumors, it is conceivable that performing molecular and functional analyses on CTCs will reveal much significant insight into tumor biology to guide proper therapeutic intervention. We developed the Thermoresponsive NanoVelcro CTC purification system that can be digitally programmed to achieve an optimal performance for purifying CTCs from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The performance of this unique CTC purification system was optimized by systematically modulating surface chemistry, flow rates, and heating/cooling cycles. By applying a physiologically endurable stimulation (i.e., temperature between 4 and 37 °C), the mild operational parameters allow minimum disruption to CTCs' viability and molecular integrity. Subsequently, we were able to successfully demonstrate culture expansion and mutational analysis of the CTCs purified by this CTC purification system. Most excitingly, we adopted the combined use of the Thermoresponsive NanoVelcro system with downstream mutational analysis to monitor the disease evolution of an index NSCLC patient, highlighting its translational value in managing NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunfu Ke
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Address correspondence to , , ,
| | - Millicent Lin
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jie-Fu Chen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jin-sil Choi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Anna Fong
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - An-Jou Liang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Shang-Fu Chen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Qingyu Li
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Wenfeng Fang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Pingshan Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Mitch A. Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tom Lee
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Min Song
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hsing-An Lin
- Responsive Organic Materials Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Haichao Zhao
- Responsive Organic Materials Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Responsive Organic Materials Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Shuang Hou
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Address correspondence to , , ,
| | - Hsiao-hua Yu
- Responsive Organic Materials Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Address correspondence to , , ,
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Address correspondence to , , ,
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