151
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Wehrmann CM, Charlton RT, Chen MS. A Concise Synthetic Strategy for Accessing Ambient Stable Bisphenalenyls toward Achieving Electroactive Open-Shell π-Conjugated Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3240-3248. [PMID: 30689950 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Open-shell, π-conjugated molecules represent exciting next-generation materials due to their unique optoelectronic and magnetic properties and their potential to exploit unpaired spin densities to engineer exceptionally close π-π interactions. However, prior syntheses of ambient stable, open-shell molecules required lengthy routes and displayed intermolecular spin-spin coupling with limited dimensionality. Here we report a general fragment-coupling strategy with phenalenone that enables the rapid construction of both biradicaloid (Ph2- s-IDPL, 1) and radical [10(OTf)] bisphenalenyls in ≤7 steps from commercial starting materials. Significantly, we have discovered an electronically stabilized π-radical cation [10(OTf)] that shows multiple intermolecular closer-than-vdW contacts (<3.4 Å) in its X-ray crystal structure. DFT simulations reveal that each of these close π-π interactions allows for intermolecular spin-spin coupling to occur and suggests that 10(OTf) achieves electrostatically enhanced intermolecular covalent-bonding interactions in two dimensions. Single crystal devices were fabricated from 10(OTf) and demonstrate average electrical conductivities of 1.31 × 10-2 S/cm. Overall, these studies highlight the practical synthesis and device application of a new π-conjugated material, based on a design principle that promises to facilitate spin and charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb M Wehrmann
- Department of Chemistry , Lehigh University , Bethlehem , Pennsylvania 18015-3102 , United States
| | - Ryan T Charlton
- Department of Chemistry , Lehigh University , Bethlehem , Pennsylvania 18015-3102 , United States
| | - Mark S Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Lehigh University , Bethlehem , Pennsylvania 18015-3102 , United States
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152
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Abstract
A family of push-pull quinoidal porphyrin monomers has been prepared from a meso-formyl porphyrin by bromination, thioacetal formation, palladium-catalyzed coupling with malononitrile and oxidation with DDQ. Attempts at extending this synthesis to a push-pull quinoidal/cumulenic porphyrin dimer were not successful. The crystal structures of the quinoidal porphyrins indicate that there is no significant contribution from singlet biradical or zwitterionic resonance forms. The crystal structure of an ethyne-linked porphyrin dimer shows that the torsion angle between the porphyrin units is only about 3°, in keeping with crystallographic results on related compounds, but contrasting with the torsion angle of about 35° predicted by computational studies. The free-base quinoidal porphyrin monomers form tightly π-stacked layer structures, despite their curved geometries and bulky aryl substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
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153
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Poidevin C, Paciok P, Heggen M, Auer AA. High resolution transmission electron microscopy and electronic structure theory investigation of platinum nanoparticles on carbon black. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:041705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5047666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Poidevin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Paul Paciok
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy With Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Marc Heggen
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy With Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Alexander A. Auer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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154
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Ciccullo F, Calzolari A, Bader K, Neugebauer P, Gallagher NM, Rajca A, van Slageren J, Casu MB. Interfacing a Potential Purely Organic Molecular Quantum Bit with a Real-Life Surface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:1571-1578. [PMID: 30520295 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
By using a multidisciplinary and multitechnique approach, we have addressed the issue of attaching a molecular quantum bit to a real surface. First, we demonstrate that an organic derivative of the pyrene-Blatter radical is a potential molecular quantum bit. Our study of the interface of the pyrene-Blatter radical with a copper-based surface reveals that the spin of the interface layer is not canceled by the interaction with the surface and that the Blatter radical is resistant in presence of molecular water. Although the measured pyrene-Blatter derivative quantum coherence time is not the highest value known, this molecule is known as a "super stable" radical. Conversely, other potential qubits show poor thin film stability upon air exposure. Therefore, we discuss strategies to make molecular systems candidates as qubits competitive, bridging the gap between potential and real applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ciccullo
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Tübingen , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Arrigo Calzolari
- CNR-NANO Istituto Nanoscienze , Centro S3 , 41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Katharina Bader
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Stuttgart , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Petr Neugebauer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Stuttgart , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
- Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC BUT , Purkyňova 656/123 , 61600 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Nolan M Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0304 , United States
| | - Andrzej Rajca
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0304 , United States
| | - Joris van Slageren
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Stuttgart , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Maria Benedetta Casu
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Tübingen , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
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155
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Matsumoto M, Antol I, Abe M. Curve Effect on Singlet Diradical Contribution in Kekulé-type Diradicals: A Sensitive Probe for Quinoidal Structure in Curved π-Conjugated Molecules. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24010209. [PMID: 30626064 PMCID: PMC6337420 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Curved (non-planar) aromatic compounds have attracted significant research attention in the fields of basic chemistry and materials science. The contribution of the quinoidal structure in the curved π-conjugated structures has been proposed to be the key for materials functions. In this study, the curve effect on the quinoidal contribution was investigated in Kekulé-type singlet diradicals (S-DR1-4) as a sensitive probe for quinoidal structures in curved π-conjugated molecules. The quinoidal contribution in S-DR1-4 was found to increase with increasing the curvature of the curved structure, which was quantitatively analyzed using NBO analysis and the natural orbital occupation numbers computed by the CASSCF method. The curve effect on the singlet-triplet energy gap was examined by the CASPT2 method. The singlet-triplet energy gaps for the highly π-conjugated diradicals were determined for the first time using the CASPT2 method. Substantial quinoidal contribution was found in the curved structures of the delocalized singlet diradicals S-DR1-4, in contrast to its absence in the corresponding triplet states T-DR1-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Ivana Antol
- Laboratory for Physical Organic Chemistry, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
- Hiroshima University Research Center for Photo-Drug-Delivery Systems (HiU-P-DDS), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
- JST-CREST, K's Gobancho 6F, 7, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan.
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156
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Adinarayana B, Shimizu D, Osuka A. Stable (BIII
-Subporphyrin-5-yl)dicyanomethyl Radicals. Chemistry 2019; 25:1706-1710. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bellamkonda Adinarayana
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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157
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Chow CHE, Han Y, Phan H, Wu J. Nitrogen-doped heptazethrene and octazethrene diradicaloids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9100-9103. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04564c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped heptazethrene and octazethrene diradicaloids were synthesized. The N-aryl dications show larger diradical character and enhanced stability than the parent ones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
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158
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[n]Cyclo-para-biphenylmethine Polyradicaloids: [n]Annulene Analogs and Unusual Valence Tautomerization. Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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159
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Wei H, Feng R, Fang Y, Wang L, Chen C, Zhang L, Cui H, Wang X. The Diradical-Dication Strategy for BODIPY- and Porphyrin-Based Dyes with Near-Infrared Absorption Maxima from 1070 to 2040 nm. Chemistry 2018; 24:19341-19347. [PMID: 30285312 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Four stable boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)- and porphyrin-based bis-arylamine diradical dications were synthesized by two-electron oxidation of their neutral molecules. The two BODIPY-based dications have open-shell singlet ground states. UV/Vis absorption spectra of all four dications showed large redshifts in the NIR region compared to their neutral precursors with absorption maxima at 1274 and 1068 nm for the two BODIPY-based dications and 1746 and 2037 nm for the two porphyrin-based dications. Thus, two new types of NIR dyes with longer wavelengths are provided by the diradical-dication strategy, which can be applied for the generation of other NIR dyes with a range of different chromophores and auxochromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houjia Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Rui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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160
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Yang W, Monteiro JHSK, de Bettencourt‐Dias A, Catalano VJ, Chalifoux WA. Synthesis, Structure, Photophysical Properties, and Photostability of Benzodipyrenes. Chemistry 2018; 25:1441-1445. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Yang
- Department of Chemistry University of Nevada, Reno 1664 N. Virginia St. Reno NV 89557 USA
| | | | | | - Vincent J. Catalano
- Department of Chemistry University of Nevada, Reno 1664 N. Virginia St. Reno NV 89557 USA
| | - Wesley A. Chalifoux
- Department of Chemistry University of Nevada, Reno 1664 N. Virginia St. Reno NV 89557 USA
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161
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Dong S, Gopalakrishna TY, Han Y, Phan H, Tao T, Ni Y, Liu G, Chi C. Extended Bis(anthraoxa)quinodimethanes with Nine and Ten Consecutively Fused Six-Membered Rings: Neutral Diradicaloids and Charged Diradical Dianions/Dications. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:62-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqiang Dong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Tullimilli Y. Gopalakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
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162
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Konishi A, Okada Y, Kishi R, Nakano M, Yasuda M. Enhancement of Antiaromatic Character via Additional Benzoannulation into Dibenzo[a,f]pentalene: Syntheses and Properties of Benzo[a]naphtho[2,1-f]pentalene and Dinaphtho[2,1-a,f]pentalene. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:560-571. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Konishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yui Okada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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163
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Ito H, Segawa Y, Murakami K, Itami K. Polycyclic Arene Synthesis by Annulative π-Extension. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:3-10. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kei Murakami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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164
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Kertesz M. Pancake Bonding: An Unusual Pi‐Stacking Interaction. Chemistry 2018; 25:400-416. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miklos Kertesz
- Chemistry Department and Institute of Soft Matter Georgetown University 37th and O Streets NW Washington, DC 20057-1227 USA
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165
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166
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Abstract
Two isoelectronic dithiophene-fused perylene diimides (PDTI-1 and PDTI-2) were synthesized via a " bay-derivatization toward lateral extension" strategy. Single-crystal analysis unambiguously confirmed their unique structures and packing arrangements. The new PDTI system manifested significantly red-shifted absorptions with intense bands at 500-700 nm. Further dimerization indicated the potential of these dithiophene-fused PDIs as new building blocks for the construction of versatile rylene dyes in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zeng
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Dong Meng
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China
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167
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Rottschäfer D, Busch J, Neumann B, Stammler HG, van Gastel M, Kishi R, Nakano M, Ghadwal RS. Diradical Character Enhancement by Spacing: N-Heterocyclic Carbene Analogues of Müller's Hydrocarbon. Chemistry 2018; 24:16537-16542. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rottschäfer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse; Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Jasmin Busch
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse; Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse; Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse; Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Maurice van Gastel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science; Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science; Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science; 38 Nishigo-Naka Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585 Japan
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse; Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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168
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Zeng W, Gopalakrishna TY, Phan H, Tanaka T, Herng TS, Ding J, Osuka A, Wu J. Superoctazethrene: An Open-Shell Graphene-like Molecule Possessing Large Diradical Character but Still with Reasonable Stability. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14054-14058. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wangdong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | | | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
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169
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Yamane M, Kishi R, Tonami T, Okada K, Nagami T, Kitagawa Y, Nakano M. Open-Shell Characters, Aromaticities and Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Carbon Nanobelts Composed of Five- and Six-Membered Rings. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Yamane
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Takayoshi Tonami
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Kenji Okada
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Takanori Nagami
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kitagawa
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS); 38 Nishigo-Naka Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585 Japan
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170
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Thiophene and its sulfur inhibit indenoindenodibenzothiophene diradicals from low-energy lying thermal triplets. Nat Chem 2018; 10:1134-1140. [PMID: 30224686 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Many qualitative structure-property correlations between diradical character and emerging molecular properties are known. For example, the increase of diradical character further decreases the singlet-triplet energy gap. Here we show that inclusion of thiophenes within a quinoidal polycyclic hydrocarbon imparts appreciable diradical character yet retains the large singlet-triplet energy gap, a phenomenon that has no precedent in the literature. The low aromatic character of thiophene and its electron-rich nature are the key properties leading to these unique findings. A new indenoindenodibenzothiophene scaffold has been prepared and fully characterized by several spectroscopies, magnetic measurements, solid-state X-ray and state-of-the-art quantum chemical calculations, all corroborating this unique dichotomy between the diradical input and the emerging magnetic properties. New structure-property relationships such as these are not only extremely important in the field of diradical chemistry and organic electronics, but also provide new insights into the versatility of π-electron chemical bonding.
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171
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Su B, Ota K, Xu K, Hirao H, Kinjo R. Zwitterionic Inorganic Benzene Valence Isomer with σ-Bonding between Two π-Orbitals. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:11921-11925. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Su
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Kei Ota
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hajime Hirao
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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172
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Harada Y, Wang Z, Kumashiro S, Hatano S, Abe M. Extremely Long Lived Localized Singlet Diradicals in a Macrocyclic Structure: A Case Study on the Stretch Effect. Chemistry 2018; 24:14808-14815. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Harada
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Hiroshima University; 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Hiroshima University; 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kumashiro
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Hiroshima University; 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Sayaka Hatano
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Hiroshima University; 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Hiroshima University; 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
- Hiroshima University Research Center for, Photo-Drug-Delivery Systems (HiU-P-DDS); 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
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173
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Ravat P, Šolomek T, Häussinger D, Blacque O, Juríček M. Dimethylcethrene: A Chiroptical Diradicaloid Photoswitch. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10839-10847. [PMID: 30067898 PMCID: PMC6120736 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis and properties of 13,14-dimethylcethrene, a prototype of a chiral diradicaloid photochemical switch that can be transformed reversibly via conrotatory electrocyclization to its more stable closed form by light (630 nm) or heat and back to its open form by light (365 nm). This system illustrates how the chemical reactivity of a diradicaloid molecule can be translated into a switching function, which alters substantially all electronic parameters, namely, the HOMO-LUMO and the singlet-triplet (ST) energy gaps, and the degree of helical twist. As a result, distinct changes in the optical and chiroptical properties of this system were observed, which allowed us to monitor the switching process by a variety of spectroscopic techniques, including NMR, UV-vis, and CD. In comparison to the previously reported parent molecule cethrene, this system benefits from two methyl substituents installed in the fjord region, which account for the stability of the closed form against oxidation and racemization. The methyl substituents increase the ST energy gap of 13,14-dimethylcethrene by ∼4 kcal mol-1 in comparison to cethrene. Our DFT calculations reveal that the larger ST gap is a result of electronic and geometric effects of the methyl substituents and show the potential of related systems to act as magnetic switches at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Ravat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tomáš Šolomek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Häussinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse
190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michal Juríček
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse
190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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174
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Rana A, Hong Y, Gopalakrishna TY, Phan H, Herng TS, Yadav P, Ding J, Kim D, Wu J. Stable Expanded Porphycene-Based Diradicaloid and Tetraradicaloid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anup Rana
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | | | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 119260 Singapore Singapore
| | - Priya Yadav
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 119260 Singapore Singapore
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
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175
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Rana A, Hong Y, Gopalakrishna TY, Phan H, Herng TS, Yadav P, Ding J, Kim D, Wu J. Stable Expanded Porphycene-Based Diradicaloid and Tetraradicaloid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12534-12537. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anup Rana
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | | | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 119260 Singapore Singapore
| | - Priya Yadav
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 119260 Singapore Singapore
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
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176
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Das A, Pinheiro M, Machado FBC, Aquino AJA, Lischka H. Tuning the Biradicaloid Nature of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: The Effect of Graphitic Nitrogen Doping in Zethrenes. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2492-2499. [PMID: 30070740 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Zethrenes are interesting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which possess unique optoelectronic and magnetic properties because of their singlet open-shell biradicaloid character, making them promising candidates for application in organic electronics. Tuning their properties is a key task in order to develop efficient compounds for practical use by balancing the desired biradicaloid character against its chemical instability. In this work, high-level theoretical multireference methods appropriate for the correct description of polyradicaloid systems are used to develop rules for doping of zethrenes by means of nitrogen taking heptazethrene (HZ) as a benchmark example. The results of the quantum chemical calculations have been concentrated on a series of quantitative descriptors such as unpaired densities and singlet-triplet (S-T) splittings. They clearly indicate different regions in the HZ where N-doping can either lead to strong enhancement of the biradicaloid character or to strong quenching towards a closed shell state. A wide scale of varying open-shell character is accessible from the different doping positions. It is shown that the S-T splittings correlate well with the total number of unpaired electrons in the medium range of biradicaloid character. For pronounced biradical character the S-T splitting decays to about zero with a margin of ±0.15 eV. In the opposite closed-shell limit, much larger S-T splittings of up to 3 eV are computed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Das
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Max Pinheiro
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos, 12228-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco B C Machado
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos, 12228-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adélia J A Aquino
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.,Institute for Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82, A-, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Lischka
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.,Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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177
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Ni Y, Gopalakrishna TY, Phan H, Herng TS, Wu S, Han Y, Ding J, Wu J. A Peri-tetracene Diradicaloid: Synthesis and Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | | | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 119260 Singapore Singapore
| | - Shaofei Wu
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 119260 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
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178
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Ni Y, Gopalakrishna TY, Phan H, Herng TS, Wu S, Han Y, Ding J, Wu J. A Peri-tetracene Diradicaloid: Synthesis and Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9697-9701. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | | | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 119260 Singapore Singapore
| | - Shaofei Wu
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 119260 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
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179
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Feng J, Gopalakrishna TY, Phan H, Wu J. Hexakis(3,6-di-tert-butyl-4-oxo-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)cyclohexane: Closed-Shell [6]Radialene or Open-Shell Hexa-Radicaloid? Chemistry 2018; 24:9499-9503. [PMID: 29671910 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A star-shaped hexaquinocyclohexane molecule 4 c is reported, which turns out to be a closed-shell extended [6]radialene with a twisted-boat conformation according to X-ray crystallographic analysis. It was formed by an unusually slow decay of its in situ generated open-shell valence isomer, the hexa-radicaloid 4 o, with a half-life time of about 156 min at room temperature. Reaction progress kinetic analysis revealed a large energy barrier of about 95.5±4.3 kJ mol-1 at room temperature from the hexa-radical form 4 o to the contorted [6]radialene form 4 c, because the transformation needs to overcome large steric repulsion between the neighboring phenoxyl units. Compound 4 c can be chemically reduced to radical anion and dianion, and the dianion is actually a diradical dianion, with a calculated diradical character of 71.9 %. This study demonstrates the unique chemical bonding nature of contorted quinoidal π-conjugated molecules and a very unusual valence isomerization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Feng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Tullimilli Y Gopalakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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180
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Desroches M, Morin JF. Wurster-Type Anthanthrene Polyradicaloid Cations. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800214. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maude Desroches
- Département de Chimie et Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA); Université Laval; Pavillon A.-Vachon, 1045 Ave de la Médecine Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Jean-François Morin
- Département de Chimie et Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA); Université Laval; Pavillon A.-Vachon, 1045 Ave de la Médecine Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
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181
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Medina Rivero S, Mayorga Burrezo P, Sandoval-Salinas ME, Li T, Ramírez FJ, Casanova D, Wang X, Casado J. Isomerism, Diradical Signature, and Raman Spectroscopy: Underlying Connections in Diamino Oligophenyl Dications. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:1465-1470. [PMID: 29570949 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A diradical dication of a 4,4'-di(bis(1,4-methylphenyl)amino)-p-terphenyl oligomer has been characterized in solid-state by Raman spectroscopy and thermo-spectroscopy together with quantum chemical calculations. The diradical character has been evaluated on the basis of the Raman spectra and as a function of temperature. A complete understanding of the nature of the changes in solid state has been provided based on a pseudo-Jahn-Teller effect, which is feasible owing to the fine balance between quinoidal/aromatic extension among consecutive rings and steric crowding. This study contributes to the further comprehension of the molecular and electronic structures of these particular diradical molecules with strong implications on the understanding of the nature of chemical bonds in the limits of high electronic correlation or π-conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara Medina Rivero
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Paula Mayorga Burrezo
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - María Eugenia Sandoval-Salinas
- 2IKERBASQUE - Basque Foundation for Science (DC) & Donostia, International Physics Center & Kimika Fakultatea Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Euskadi, Spain.,Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Francisco J Ramírez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - David Casanova
- 2IKERBASQUE - Basque Foundation for Science (DC) & Donostia, International Physics Center & Kimika Fakultatea Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, 29071, Spain
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182
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Wang Q, Hu P, Tanaka T, Gopalakrishna TY, Herng TS, Phan H, Zeng W, Ding J, Osuka A, Chi C, Siegel J, Wu J. Curved π-conjugated corannulene dimer diradicaloids. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5100-5105. [PMID: 29938041 PMCID: PMC5994875 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01388h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, most reported open-shell singlet diradicaloids are based on planar π-conjugated molecules. Herein, we report the bridged corannulene dimer diradicaloids, Cor-D1 and Cor-D2, both showing a three-dimensional curved π-conjugated structure. Cor-D1 has a small diradical character (y0 = 5.4%) and behaves more like a closed-shell quinoidal compound at room temperature, while Cor-D2 is a typical open-shell diradicaloid with a larger diradical character (y0 = 16.9%). Both compounds exhibited paramagnetic activity at elevated temperatures, with a singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔES-T) of -8.4 and -3.0 kcal mol-1, respectively. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed that both molecules have a dumbbell-shaped geometry, with the two terminal corannulene bowls bent to opposite directions. The spin is largely delocalized onto the two bowls in Cor-D2 and there are multiple [CH···π] interactions between the neighboring bowls. Chemical oxidation/reduction to their respective dications/dianions results in global aromaticity with [4n + 2] π-electrons delocalized through the periphery of the whole framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore . ;
| | - Pan Hu
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore . ;
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
| | | | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National University of Singapore , 119260 , Singapore
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore . ;
| | - Wangdong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore . ;
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National University of Singapore , 119260 , Singapore
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore . ;
| | - Jay Siegel
- Health Science Platform , Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District , Tianjin , 300072 , P. R. China .
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore . ;
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183
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Švec P, Webre WA, Richards GJ, Labuta J, Wakayama Y, Miklík D, Karr PA, Mori T, Ariga K, D'Souza F, Hill JP. Phenanthroline‐Fused Pyrazinacenes: One‐Pot Synthesis, Tautomerization and a Ru
II
(2,2′‐bpy)
2
Derivative. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Švec
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1‐1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305‐0044 Ibaraki Japan
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Whitney A. Webre
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle #305070 Denton Texas USA
| | - Gary J. Richards
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1‐1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305‐0044 Ibaraki Japan
- Department of Chemistry Ochanomizu University Otsuka 2‐1‐1, Bunkyo‐ku 112‐8610 Tokyo Japan
| | - Jan Labuta
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1‐1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305‐0044 Ibaraki Japan
| | - Yutaka Wakayama
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1‐1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305‐0044 Ibaraki Japan
| | - David Miklík
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1‐1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305‐0044 Ibaraki Japan
- Deptartment of Organic Materials Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice Studentská 573 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Paul A. Karr
- Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics Wayne State College 111 Main Street 68787 Wayne Nebraska USA
| | - Toshiyuki Mori
- Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Materials Design Group Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Namiki 1‐1, Tsukuba 305‐0044 Ibaraki Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1‐1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305‐0044 Ibaraki Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science Graduate School of Frontier Sciences The University of Tokyo 5‐1‐5 Kashiwanoha 277‐8561 Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle #305070 Denton Texas USA
| | - Jonathan P. Hill
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1‐1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305‐0044 Ibaraki Japan
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184
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Abstract
One antiaromatic polycyclic hydrocarbon (PH) with and without solubilizing tert-butyl substituents, namely s-indaceno[2,1- a:6,5- a']dipyrene (IDPs), has been synthesized by a four-step protocol. The IDPs represent the longitudinal, peri-extension of the indeno[1,2- b]fluorene skeleton towards a planar 40 π-electron system. Their structures were unambiguously confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The optoelectronic properties were studied by UV/vis absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. These studies revealed that peri-fusion renders the IDP derivatives with a narrow optical energy gap of 1.8 eV. The maximum absorption of IDPs is shifted by 160 nm compared to the parent indenofluorene. Two quasi-reversible oxidation as well as reduction steps indicate an excellent redox behavior attributed to the antiaromatic core. Formation of the radical cation and the dication was monitored by UV/vis absorption spectroscopy during titration experiments. Notably, the fusion of s-indacene with two pyrene moieties lead to IDPs with absorption maxima approaching the near infrared (NIR) regime.
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185
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Ke XS, Hong Y, Lynch VM, Kim D, Sessler JL. Metal-Stabilized Quinoidal Dibenzo[g, p]chrysene-Fused Bis-dicarbacorrole System. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7579-7586. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Sheng Ke
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Vincent M. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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186
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Alabugin IV, Gonzalez-Rodriguez E. Alkyne Origami: Folding Oligoalkynes into Polyaromatics. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:1206-1219. [PMID: 29676896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Do not bend the triple bonds! This familiar undergraduate mantra must be disobeyed if the alkyne group is used as a building block in molecular construction. This Account will describe our exploits in "alkyne origami", that is, folding oligoalkynes into new shapes via cyclization cascades. This research stems from a set of guidelines for the cyclizations of alkynes that we suggested in 2011 ( Gilmore Chem. Rev. 2011 , 111 , 6513 ; Alabugin J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011 , 133 , 12608 ). The guidelines blended critical analysis of ∼40 years of experimental research with computations into the comprehensive predictions of the relative favorability of dig-cyclizations of anions and radicals. In this Account, we will show how this new understanding has been instrumental in building polyaromatics. In particular, we illustrate the utility of these stereoelectronic models by developing a toolbox of practical, selective, and efficient synthetic transformations. The high energy and high carbon content render alkynes the perfect precursors for the preparation of polyaromatic ribbons and other carbon-rich materials with precisely controlled structure and reactivity. Still, the paradox of alkyne reactivity (alkynes store a lot of energy but are protected kinetically by their relatively strong π-bonds) requires precise use of stereoelectronic factors for lowering the activation barriers for alkyne cyclizations. These factors are drastically different in the "all-exo" and the "all-endo" cyclization cascades of oligoynes. This Account will highlight the interplay between the stereoelectronics of bond formation and topology of acyclic precursor "folding" into a polycyclic ribbon. The topology of folding is simpler for the endo cascades, which are compatible with initiation either at the edge or at the center. In contrast, the exo cascades require precise folding of an oligoalkyne ribbon by starting the cascade exactly at the center of the chain. These differences define the key challenges in the design of these two types of alkyne cyclization cascades. For the endo processes, the folding is simple, but these processes require a strategy ("LUMO Umpolung") for inverting the usual stereoelectronic requirements of alkyne cyclizations. We also show how alkenes can be used as alkyne equivalents in cyclizations coupled with fragmentations and how one can make endo cyclization products without ever going through an endo cyclization. In contrast, each elementary step of the exo cascades benefits from the inherent exo preference for the radical attack, but these cascades require precise initiation by starting exactly at the central alkyne unit of the oligoyne. This strict selectivity requirement led to the development of traceless directing groups capable of supramolecular assistance to the initiation step and self-terminating departure at the end of the cascade. With attention to electronic effects that can stop radical cascades, oligoalkynes can be selectively converted into precisely shaped and functionalized polyaromatic products. The generality of these concepts is further illustrated by the development of radical "peri annulations" at the zigzag edge of acenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Edgar Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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187
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Ajayakumar MR, Fu Y, Ma J, Hennersdorf F, Komber H, Weigand JJ, Alfonsov A, Popov AA, Berger R, Liu J, Müllen K, Feng X. Toward Full Zigzag-Edged Nanographenes: peri-Tetracene and Its Corresponding Circumanthracene. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6240-6244. [PMID: 29738244 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zigzag-edged nanographene with two rows of fused linear acenes, called as n- peri-acene (n-PA), is considered as a potential building unit in the arena of organic electronics. n-PAs with four ( peri-tetracene, 4-PA), five ( peri-pentacene, 5-PA) or more benzene rings in a row have been predicted to show open-shell character, which would be attractive for the development of unprecedented molecular spintronics. However, solution-based synthesis of open-shell n-PA has thus far not been successful because of the poor chemical stability. Herein we demonstrated the synthesis and characterization of the hitherto unknown 4-PA by a rational strategy in which steric protection of the zigzag edges playing a pivotal role. The obtained 4-PA possesses a singlet biradical character ( y0 = 72%) and exhibits remarkable persistent stability with a half-life time ( t1/2) of ∼3 h under ambient conditions. UV-vis-NIR and electrochemical measurements reveal a narrow optical/electrochemical energy gap (1.11 eV) for 4-PA. Moreover, the bay regions of 4-PA enable the efficient 2-fold Diels-Alder reaction, yielding a novel full zigzag-edged circumanthracene.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Ajayakumar
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Yubin Fu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Felix Hennersdorf
- Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V. , Hohe Straße 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Alexey Alfonsov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Reinhard Berger
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
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188
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Li G, Gopalakrishna TY, Phan H, Herng TS, Ding J, Wu J. From Open-Shell Singlet Diradicaloid to Closed-Shell Global Antiaromatic Macrocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangwu Li
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | | | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 119260 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 119260 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
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189
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Li G, Gopalakrishna TY, Phan H, Herng TS, Ding J, Wu J. From Open-Shell Singlet Diradicaloid to Closed-Shell Global Antiaromatic Macrocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:7166-7170. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangwu Li
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | | | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 119260 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 119260 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
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190
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Takamuku S, Nakano M. Diradical Character and Second Hyperpolarizability of Alkaline Earth Metal Inverse Sandwich Complexes Involving Cyclopentadienyl and Cyclooctatetraene Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shota Takamuku
- Department of Materials Engineering Science; Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 560-8531 Toyonaka, Osaka Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science; Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 560-8531 Toyonaka, Osaka Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN); Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 560-8531 Toyonaka, Osaka Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science; 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji 444-8585 Okazaki Japan
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191
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Zhu C, Wang D, Wang D, Zhao Y, Sun WY, Shi Z. Bottom-up Construction of π-Extended Arenes by a Palladium-Catalyzed Annulative Dimerization of o
-Iodobiaryl Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chendan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Dingyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Wei-Yin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
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192
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Zhu C, Wang D, Wang D, Zhao Y, Sun WY, Shi Z. Bottom-up Construction of π-Extended Arenes by a Palladium-Catalyzed Annulative Dimerization of o
-Iodobiaryl Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8848-8853. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chendan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Dingyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Wei-Yin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
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193
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Tokunaga A, Mutoh K, Hasegawa T, Abe J. Reversible Valence Photoisomerization between Closed-Shell Quinoidal and Open-Shell Biradical Forms. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:1833-1837. [PMID: 29584951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report here a kinetic study on the thermal equilibrium process between the biradical form and the quinoidal form starting from the singlet biradical form alone. A photochromic phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complex repeatedly generates biradical species upon UV light irradiation, and the following thermal equilibrium process responsible for valence isomerization from the open-shell singlet biradical to the closed-shell quinoidal form is observed in the microsecond time region. The thermodynamic parameters for the equilibrium process were determined for the first time by nanosecond laser flash photolysis. We also found that visible-light excitation to the equilibrium state causes valence photoisomerization from the quinoidal to the biradical form, which returns thermally to the quinoidal form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Tokunaga
- Department of Chemistry , School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe , Chuo-ku, Sagamihara , Kanagawa 252-5258 , Japan
| | - Katsuya Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry , School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe , Chuo-ku, Sagamihara , Kanagawa 252-5258 , Japan
| | - Takeshi Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Chemistry for Functionalized Surfaces, Division of Environmental Chemistry, Institute for Chemical Research , Kyoto University , Gokasho, Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry , School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe , Chuo-ku, Sagamihara , Kanagawa 252-5258 , Japan
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194
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Mou Z, Kertesz M. Sigma‐ versus Pi‐Dimerization Modes of Triangulene. Chemistry 2018; 24:6140-6147. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Mou
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Soft Matter Georgetown University Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - Miklos Kertesz
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Soft Matter Georgetown University Washington DC 20057 USA
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195
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Wang J, Kim G, Sandoval-Salinas ME, Phan H, Gopalakrishna TY, Lu X, Casanova D, Kim D, Wu J. Stable 2D anti-ferromagnetically coupled fluorenyl radical dendrons. Chem Sci 2018; 9:3395-3400. [PMID: 29780470 PMCID: PMC5933225 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05493a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The first class of stable two-dimensional anti-ferromagnetically coupled dendritic polyradicaloids was synthesized, which show polyradical character and unique properties.
We report the first class of stable, two-dimensional (2D) anti-ferromagnetically coupled dendritic polyradicaloids. A kinetically blocked fluorenyl radical was used to build up the first and second generation dendrons FR-G1 and FR-G2 containing three and seven fluorenyl units, respectively. The neighboring fluorenyl radicals in FR-G1 and FR-G2 show moderate anti-ferromagnetic exchange interaction, resulting in a doublet and quartet ground state, respectively, with a small doublet–quartet energy gap. From FR-G1 to FR-G2, the energy gap decreased and the two-photon absorption was enhanced owing to more extended 2D π-conjugation. Both compounds showed multiple redox waves due to their polyradical character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore .
| | - Gakhyun Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea .
| | - María Eugenia Sandoval-Salinas
- Kimika Fakultatea , Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea , Donostia International Physics Center , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, 20018, Euskadi , Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain . .,Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física , Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB) , Universitat de, Barcelona , Martí i Franquès 1-11 , Barcelona 08028 , Spain
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore .
| | | | - Xuefeng Lu
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore .
| | - David Casanova
- Kimika Fakultatea , Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea , Donostia International Physics Center , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, 20018, Euskadi , Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain .
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea .
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore .
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196
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Zeng W, Hong Y, Medina Rivero S, Kim J, Zafra JL, Phan H, Gopalakrishna TY, Herng TS, Ding J, Casado J, Kim D, Wu J. Stable Nitrogen-Centered Bis(imino)rylene Diradicaloids. Chemistry 2018; 24:4944-4951. [PMID: 29396877 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of stable open-shell singlet diradicaloids is critical for their practical material application. So far, most reported examples are based on carbon-centered radicals, which are intrinsically reactive, and there are very few examples of stable nitrogen-centered diradicaloids. In this full paper, a series of soluble and stable bis(imino)rylenes up to octarylene were synthesized on the basis of newly developed dibromorylene intermediates. It was found that from hexarylene onward, these quinoidal rylenes showed open-shell singlet ground states and could be thermally populated to paramagnetic triplet aminyl diradicals. They are stable due to efficient spin delocalization onto the rylene backbone as well as kinetic blocking of the aminyl sites by the bulky and electron-deficient 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl groups. They exhibited very different electronic structures, diradical character, excited-state dynamics, one-photon absorption, two-photon absorption, and electrochemical properties from their respective aromatic rylene counterparts. These bis(imino)rylenes represent a rare class of stable, neutral, nitrogen-centered aminyl diradicaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangdong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, P. R. China
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Samara Medina Rivero
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - José L Zafra
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tullimilli Y Gopalakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
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197
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Li S, Yuan N, Fang Y, Chen C, Wang L, Feng R, Zhao Y, Cui H, Wang X. Studies on the Bridge Dependence of Bis(triarylamine) Diradical Dications: Long-Range π-Conjugation and π–π Coupling Systems. J Org Chem 2018; 83:3651-3656. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ningning Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haiyan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Institution Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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198
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Y Gopalakrishna T, Zeng W, Lu X, Wu J. From open-shell singlet diradicaloids to polyradicaloids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2186-2199. [PMID: 29423462 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09949e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this Feature Article, we highlight our recent efforts toward stable open-shell singlet diradicaloids and polyradicaloids. A brief review on the historical works in the area is introduced first, followed by discussion on the fundamental electronic and physical properties of open-shell singlet diradicaloids. Then, the structure-diradical character relationships based on our recently developed diradicaloids are presented. Next, the challenges and solutions toward stable polyradicaloids and 3D π-conjugated diradicaloids are discussed. Finally, their preliminary material applications are introduced and a perspective view of the area is given.
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199
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Hansmann MM, Melaimi M, Munz D, Bertrand G. Modular Approach to Kekulé Diradicaloids Derived from Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbenes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:2546-2554. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Max M. Hansmann
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research
Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Mohand Melaimi
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research
Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Dominik Munz
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research
Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research
Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093-0358, United States
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200
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Trinquier G, Malrieu JP. Predicting the Open-Shell Character of Polycyclic Hydrocarbons in Terms of Clar Sextets. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:1088-1103. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b11095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georges Trinquier
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques,
IRSAMC−CNRS-UMR5626, Université Paul-Sabatier (Toulouse III), 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Jean-Paul Malrieu
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques,
IRSAMC−CNRS-UMR5626, Université Paul-Sabatier (Toulouse III), 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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