151
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Wang R, Tian M, Wang Y. Coacervation and aggregate transitions of a cationic ammonium gemini surfactant with sodium benzoate in aqueous solution. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:1705-1713. [PMID: 24651935 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm52819g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Coacervation in an aqueous solution of cationic ammonium gemini surfactant hexamethylene-1,6-bis(dodecyldimethylammonium bromide) (C12C6C12Br2) with sodium benzoate (NaBz) has been investigated at 25 °C by turbidity titration, light microscopy, dynamic light scattering, cryogenic temperature transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), isothermal titration calorimetry, ζ potential and (1)H NMR measurements. There is a critical NaBz concentration of 0.10 M, only above which coacervation can take place. However, if the NaBz concentration is too large, coacervation also becomes difficult. Coacervation takes place at a very low concentration of C12C6C12Br2 and exists in a very wide concentration region of C12C6C12Br2. The phase behavior in the NaBz concentration from 0.15 to 0.50 M includes spherical micelles, threadlike micelles, coacervation, and precipitation. With increasing NaBz concentration, the phase boundaries of coacervation shift to higher C12C6C12Br2 concentration. Moreover, the C12C6C12Br2-NaBz aggregates in the coacervate are found to be close to charge neutralized. The Cryo-TEM and SEM images of the coacervate shows a layer-layer stacking structure consisting of a three-dimensional network formed by the assembly of threadlike micelles. Long, dense and almost uncharged threadlike micelles are the precursors of coacervation in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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152
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Du X, Dubin PL, Hoagland DA, Sun L. Protein-Selective Coacervation with Hyaluronic Acid. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:726-34. [DOI: 10.1021/bm500041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lianhong Sun
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China, 230027
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153
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Pathak J, Rawat K, Bohidar H. Surface patch binding and mesophase separation in biopolymeric polyelectrolyte–polyampholyte solutions. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 63:29-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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154
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Garidel P, Blume A, Wagner M. Prediction of colloidal stability of high concentration protein formulations. Pharm Dev Technol 2014; 20:367-74. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2013.871032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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155
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Understanding complex coacervation in serum albumin and pectin mixtures using a combination of the Boltzmann equation and Monte Carlo simulation. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 101:544-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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156
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Chen S, Zhang Q, Nakamoto T, Kawazoe N, Chen G. Highly active porous scaffolds of collagen and hyaluronic acid prepared by suppression of polyion complex formation. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:5612-5619. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00780h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A polyion complex between collagen and hyaluronic acid can be suppressed using low MW salts to prepare highly active porous scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangwu Chen
- Tissue Regeneration Materials Unit
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Qin Zhang
- Tissue Regeneration Materials Unit
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Tomoko Nakamoto
- Tissue Regeneration Materials Unit
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawazoe
- Tissue Regeneration Materials Unit
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Guoping Chen
- Tissue Regeneration Materials Unit
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
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157
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Tomita S, Soejima T, Shiraki K, Yoshimoto K. Enzymatic fingerprinting of structurally similar homologous proteins using polyion complex library constructed by tuning PEGylated polyamine functionalities. Analyst 2014; 139:6100-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01398k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structurally similar homologous albumins were fingerprinted and discriminated by a sensor array consisting of a polyion complex library with artificial differentiation constructed by facile tuning of PEGylated polyamine functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Tomita
- Department of Life Sciences
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
- The University of Tokyo
- Meguro, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Soejima
- College of Arts and Sciences
- The University of Tokyo
- Meguro, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shiraki
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Keitaro Yoshimoto
- Department of Life Sciences
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
- The University of Tokyo
- Meguro, Japan
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158
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Formation and functionality of soluble and insoluble electrostatic complexes within mixtures of canola protein isolate and (κ-, ι- and λ-type) carrageenan. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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159
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Durán LVR, Spelzini D, Boeris V, Aguilar CN, Picó GA. Interaction of tannase from Aspergillus niger with polycations applied to its primary recovery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 110:480-4. [PMID: 23706551 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of tannase (TAH) with chitosan, polyethyleneimine and Eudragit(®)E100 was studied. It was found that TAH selectively binds to these polycations (PC), probably due to the acid nature of the target protein. TAH could interact with these PC depending on the medium conditions. The effect of the interaction on the secondary and tertiary structure of TAH was assayed through circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy. TAH was recovered from Aspergillus niger culture broth by means of precipitation and adsorption using chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis V Rodríguez Durán
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Blvd. Venustiano Carranza and J. Cárdenas s/n, ZIP 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
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160
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Galante M, Belluzo S, Picó G, Boeris V. Interaction of catalase with carrageenan applied to its recovery from murine liver. Sep Purif Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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161
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Yan Y, Seeman D, Zheng B, Kizilay E, Xu Y, Dubin PL. pH-Dependent aggregation and disaggregation of native β-lactoglobulin in low salt. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:4584-4593. [PMID: 23458495 DOI: 10.1021/la400258r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation of β-lactoglobulin (BLG) near its isoelectric point was studied as a function of ionic strength and pH. We compared the behavior of native BLG with those of its two isoforms, BLG-A and BLG-B, and with that of a protein with a very similar pI, bovine serum albumin (BSA). Rates of aggregation were obtained through a highly precise and convenient pH/turbidimetric titration that measures transmittance to ±0.05 %T. A comparison of BLG and BSA suggests that the difference between pHmax (the pH of the maximum aggregation rate) and pI is systematically related to the nature of protein charge asymmetry, as further supported by the effect of localized charge density on the dramatically different aggregation rates of the two BLG isoforms. Kinetic measurements including very short time periods show well-differentiated first and second steps. BLG was analyzed by light scattering under conditions corresponding to maxima in the first and second steps. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to monitor the kinetics, and static light scattering (SLS) was used to evaluate the aggregate structure fractal dimensions at different quench points. The rate of the first step is relatively symmetrical around pHmax and is attributed to the local charges within the negative domain of the free protein. In contrast, the remarkably linear pH dependence of the second step is related to the uniform reduction in global protein charge with increasing pH below pI, accompanied by an attractive force due to surface charge fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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162
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Wang S, Chen K, Li L, Guo X. Binding between Proteins and Cationic Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brushes: Effect of pH, Ionic Strength, and Stoichiometry. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:818-27. [DOI: 10.1021/bm301865g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Wang
- State Key
Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaimin Chen
- State Key
Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
- Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- State Key
Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuhong Guo
- State Key
Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
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163
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Li Y, Huang Q. Influence of Protein Self-Association on Complex Coacervation with Polysaccharide: A Monte Carlo Study. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:2615-24. [DOI: 10.1021/jp309135m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Li
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
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164
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Xu Y, Engel Y, Yan Y, Chen K, Moyano DF, Dubin PL, Rotello VM. Enhanced Electrostatic Discrimination of Proteins on Nanoparticle-Coated Surfaces. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1. [PMID: 24273645 DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20377h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Two β-lactoglobulin (BLG) isoforms, BLGA and BLGB, were used a test bed for the differentiation of proteins using electrostatics. In these studies, the BLGA and BLGB binding to a highly charged, cationic gold nanoparticle (GNP) modified surface was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy The binding affinity, and more importantly, the selectivity of this surface towards these two almost identical protein isoforms were both significantly increased on the cationic GNP surface array relative to the values measured with the same free cationic GNP in solution. While protein recognition is traditionally achieved almost exclusively via orientation dependent short-range interactions such as hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, our results show the potential of protein recognition platforms based on enhanced electrostatic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA ; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
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165
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Bouhallab S, Croguennec T. Spontaneous Assembly and Induced Aggregation of Food Proteins. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2012_201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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166
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Aberkane L, Jasniewski J, Gaiani C, Hussain R, Scher J, Sanchez C. Structuration mechanism of β-lactoglobulin – acacia gum assemblies in presence of quercetin. Food Hydrocoll 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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167
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Chakraborti S, Joshi P, Chakravarty D, Shanker V, Ansari ZA, Singh SP, Chakrabarti P. Interaction of polyethyleneimine-functionalized ZnO nanoparticles with bovine serum albumin. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:11142-11152. [PMID: 22746363 DOI: 10.1021/la3007603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In biological fluids, nanoparticles are always surrounded by proteins. As the protein is adsorbed on the surface, the extent of adsorption and the effect on the protein conformation and stability are dependent on the chemical nature, shape, and size of the nanoparticle (NP). We have carried out a detailed investigation on the interaction of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with polyethyleneimine-functionalized ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-PEI). ZnO-PEI was synthesized using a wet chemical method with a core size of ~3-7 nm (from transmission electron microscopy). The interaction of BSA with ZnO-PEI was examined using a combination of calorimetric, spectroscopic, and computational techniques. The binding was studied by ITC (isothermal titration calorimetry), and the result revealed that the complexation is enthalpy-driven, indicating the possible involvement of electrostatic interaction. To investigate the nature of the interaction and the location of the binding site, a detailed domain-wise surface electrostatic potential calculation was performed using adaptive Poisson-Boltzmann software (APBS). The result shows that the protein surface can bind the nanoparticle. On binding ZnO-PEI, the protein gets destabilized to some extent, as displayed by CD (circular dichroism) and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy. Chemical and thermal denaturation of BSA, when carried out in the presence of ZnO-PEI, also indicated a small perturbation in the protein structure. A comparison of the enthalpy and entropy components of binding with those derived for the interaction of BSA with ZnO nanoparticles explains the effect of hydrophilic cationic species attached on the NP surface. The effect of the NP surface modification on the structure and stability of BSA would find useful applications in nanobiotechnology.
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168
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Xu Y, Seeman D, Yan Y, Sun L, Post J, Dubin PL. Effect of Heparin on Protein Aggregation: Inhibition versus Promotion. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:1642-51. [DOI: 10.1021/bm3003539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North
Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Daniel Seeman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North
Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Yunfeng Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North
Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Lianhong Sun
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Jared Post
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North
Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Paul L. Dubin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North
Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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169
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Becker AL, Henzler K, Welsch N, Ballauff M, Borisov O. Proteins and polyelectrolytes: A charged relationship. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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170
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Qin C, Chen C, Xie Q, Wang L, He X, Huang Y, Zhou Y, Xie F, Yang D, Yao S. Amperometric enzyme electrodes of glucose and lactate based on poly(diallyldimethylammonium)-alginate-metal ion-enzyme biocomposites. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 720:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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171
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Li Y, Shi T, An L, Huang Q. Monte Carlo Simulation on Complex Formation of Proteins and Polysaccharides. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:3045-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jp206527p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Li
- Department
of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65
Dudley Road, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Tongfei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Lijia An
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department
of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65
Dudley Road, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 08901, United States
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172
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Kizilay E, Kayitmazer AB, Dubin PL. Complexation and coacervation of polyelectrolytes with oppositely charged colloids. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 167:24-37. [PMID: 21803318 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte-colloid coacervation could be viewed as a sub-category of complex coacervation, but is unique in (1) retaining the structure and properties of the colloid, and (2) reducing the heterogeneity and configurational complexity of polyelectrolyte-polyelectrolyte (PE-PE) systems. Interest in protein-polyelectrolyte coacervates arises from preservation of biofunctionality; in addition, the geometric and charge isotropy of micelles allows for better comparison with theory, taking into account the central role of colloid charge density. In the context of these two systems, we describe critical conditions for complex formation and for coacervation with regard to colloid and polyelectrolyte charge densities, ionic strength, PE molecular weight (MW), and stoichiometry; and effects of temperature and shear, which are unique to the PE-micelle systems. The coacervation process is discussed in terms of theoretical treatments and models, as supported by experimental findings. We point out how soluble aggregates, subject to various equilibria and disproportionation effects, can self-assemble leading to heterogeneity in macroscopically homogeneous coacervates, on multiple length scales.
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173
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Chen K, Xu Y, Rana S, Miranda OR, Dubin PL, Rotello VM, Sun L, Guo X. Electrostatic selectivity in protein-nanoparticle interactions. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:2552-61. [PMID: 21574652 DOI: 10.1021/bm200374e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The binding of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and β-lactoglobulin (BLG) to TTMA (a cationic gold nanoparticle coupled to 3,6,9,12-tetraoxatricosan-1-aminium, 23-mercapto-N,N,N-trimethyl) was studied by high-resolution turbidimetry (to observe a critical pH for binding), dynamic light scattering (to monitor particle growth), and isothermal titration calorimetry (to measure binding energetics), all as a function of pH and ionic strength. Distinctively higher affinities observed for BLG versus BSA, despite the lower pI of the latter, were explained in terms of their different charge anisotropies, namely, the negative charge patch of BLG. To confirm this effect, we studied two isoforms of BLG that differ in only two amino acids. Significantly stronger binding to BLGA could be attributed to the presence of the additional aspartates in the negative charge domain for the BLG dimer, best portrayed in DelPhi. This selectivity decreases at low ionic strength, at which both isoforms bind well below pI. Selectivity increases with ionic strength for BLG versus BSA, which binds above pI. This result points to the diminished role of long-range repulsions for binding above pI. Dynamic light scattering reveals a tendency for higher-order aggregation for TTMA-BSA at pH above the pI of BSA, due to its ability to bridge nanoparticles. In contrast, soluble BLG-TTMA complexes were stable over a range of pH because the charge anisotropy of this protein at makes it unable to bridge nanoparticles. Finally, isothermal titration calorimetry shows endoenthalpic binding for all proteins: the higher affinity of TTMA for BLGA versus BLGB comes from a difference in the dominant entropy term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaimin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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