Journey describing applications of oxone in synthetic chemistry

Synthesis of o-Carboxyarylacrylic Acids by Room Temperature Oxidative Cleavage of Hydroxynaphthalenes and Higher Aromatics with Oxone

A simple procedure for the synthesis of a variety of o-carboxyarylacrylic acids has been developed with Oxone (2KHSO5·KHSO4·K2SO4); the oxidation reaction involves the stirring of methoxy/hydroxy-substituted naphthalenes, phenanthrenes, anthracenes, etc. with Oxone in an acetonitrile-water mixture (1:1, v/v) at rt. Mechanistically, the reaction proceeds via initial oxidation of naphthalene to o-quinone, which undergoes cleavage to the corresponding o-carboxyarylacrylic acid. The higher aromatics are found to yield carboxymethyl lactones derived from the initially formed o-carboxyarylacrylic acids.

Metallo-deuteroporphyrin as a biomimetic catalyst for the catalytic oxidation of lignin to aromatics

A series of metallo-deuteroporphyrins derived from hemin were prepared as models of the cytochrome P450 enzyme. With the aid of the highly active Co(II) deuteroporphyrin complex, the catalytic oxidation system was applied for the oxidation of several lignin model compounds, and high yields of monomeric products were obtained under mild reaction conditions. It was found that the modified cobalt deuteroporphyrin that has no substituents at the meso sites but does have the disulfide linkage in the propionate side chains at the β sites exhibited much higher activity and stability than the synthetic tetraphenylporphyrin. The changes in the propionate side chains can divert the reactivity of cobalt deuteroporphyrins from the typical CC bond cleavage to CO bond cleavage. Furthermore, this novel oxidative system can convert enzymolysis lignin into depolymerized products including a significant portion of well-defined aromatic monomers.

Ruthenium-catalyzed C-H activation of thioxanthones

Thioxanthones - being readily available in one step from thiosalicylic acid and arenes - were used in ruthenium-catalyzed C-H-activation reaction to produce 1-mono- or 1,8-disubstituted thioxanthones in good to excellent yields. Scope and limitation of this reaction are presented.

Practical synthesis of anti-β-hydroxy-α-amino acids by Pd(II) -catalyzed sequential C(sp(3) )-H functionalization

An improved and practical procedure for the stereoselective synthesis of anti-β-hydroxy-α-amino acids (anti-βhAAs), by palladium-catalyzed sequential C(sp(3) )-H functionalization directed by 8-aminoquinoline auxiliary, is described. followed by a previously established monoarylation and/or alkylation of the β-methyl C(sp(3) )-H of alanine derivative, β-acetoxylation of both alkylic and benzylic methylene C(sp(3) )-H bonds affords various anti-β-hydroxy-α-amino acid derivatives. As an example, the synthesis of β-mercapto-α-amino acids, which are highly important to the extension of native chemical ligation chemistry beyond cysteine, is described. The synthetic potential of this protocol is further demonstrated by the synthesis of diverse β-branched α-amino acids. The observed diastereoselectivities are strongly influenced by electronic effects of aromatic AAs and steric effects of the linear side-chain AAs, which could be explained by the competition of intramolecular C-OAc bond reductive elimination from Pd(IV) intermediates vs. intermolecular attack by an external nucleophile (AcO(-) ) in an SN 2-type process.

A versatile method of epoxide formation with the support of peroxy ionic liquids

A new method for the synthesis of epoxides in the presence of a peroxy ionic liquid as an oxidising agent and a solvent was developed.

Facile, efficient, and environmentally friendly α- and aromatic regioselective chlorination of toluene using KHSO5 and KCl under catalyst-free conditions

The nontoxic, green, safe, stable, and inexpensive reagents Oxone and KCl were employed in the non-catalyzed chlorination of toluene at room temperature.

Asymmetric hydroxylative phenol dearomatization promoted by chiral binaphthylic and biphenylic iodanes

The long-standing quest for chiral hypervalent organoiodine compounds (i.e., iodanes) as metal-free reagents for asymmetric synthesis continues. Although remarkable progress has recently been made in organoiodine-catalyzed reactions using a terminal oxidant in stoichiometric amounts, there is still a significant need for "flaskable" chiral iodane reagents. Herein, we describe the synthesis of new iodobinaphthyls and iodobiphenyls, their successful and selective DMDO-mediated oxidation into either λ(3)- or λ(5)-iodanes, and the evaluation of their capacity to promote asymmetric hydroxylative phenol dearomatization (HPD) reactions. Most notably, a C2-symmetrical biphenylic λ(5)-iodane promoted the HPD-induced conversion of the monoterpene thymol into the corresponding ortho-quinol-based [4+2] cyclodimer (i.e., bis(thymol)) with enantiomeric excesses of up to 94%.

Asymmetric organocatalytic epoxidations: reactions, scope, mechanisms, and applications

Chiral epoxides serve as versatile building blocks in the synthesis of complex organic frameworks. The high strain imposed by the three-membered ring system makes epoxides prone to a variety of nucleophilic ring-opening reactions. Since the development of the Sharpless epoxidation, there have been many important contributions and advances in this area. With the rapid development of the field of asymmetric organocatalysis, a wide range of organocatalysts is now able to catalyze the epoxidation of broad class of unsaturated carbonyl compounds. In this Minireview, recent progress in the development of organocatalytic asymmetric epoxidation methods, the proposed mechanisms of these reactions and their applications as intermediates is reported.

meta-Chloroperbenzoic acid (mCPBA): a versatile reagent in organic synthesis

This review aims to collect and discuss the synthetic applications of meta-chloroperbenzoic acid (mCPBA) over the past few decades.

The vicinal functionalization of olefins: a facile route to the direct synthesis of β-chlorohydrins and β-chloroethers

A general and green approach for the highly regio- and stereoselective synthesis of α-hydroxy-β-chloro and α-methoxy-β-chloro derivatives from olefins using inexpensive and industrially acceptable reagents is reported.

Convenient in situ generation of various dichlorinating agents from oxone and chloride: diastereoselective dichlorination of allylic and homoallylic alcohol derivatives

A safe and convenient protocol was developed for in situ generation of various dichlorinating agents (cf. Cl2, NCl3, Et4NCl3, ArICl2) from oxone and chloride. The synthetic utility of this protocol was demonstrated by diastereoselective dichlorination of a series of allylic and homoallylic alcohol derivatives with excellent yields and diastereoselectivity.

General metal-free Baeyer-Villiger-type synthesis of vinyl acetates

Oxone, a cheap, stable, and nonhazardous oxidizing reagent, transforms α,β-unsaturated ketones of defined stereochemistry into their corresponding vinyl acetates through a Baeyer-Villiger reaction. This process is general and straightforward, tolerating a wide range of functional groups.