151
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Wu W, Tsarevsky NV, Hudson JL, Tour JM, Matyjaszewski K, Kowalewski T. "Hairy" single-walled carbon nanotubes prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2007; 3:1803-10. [PMID: 17853494 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200600688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
"Hairy nano-objects" are hybrid nanostructures comprising a core surrounded by a "hairlike" corona of flexible polymer chains, the role of which is typically to improve the solubility of the core material or to improve its dispersability and adhesion in other polymer matrices. Both aspects could be particularly useful with carbon nanotubes, especially in their applications as reinforcing agents. The controlled synthesis of hairy carbon nanotubes is accomplished by chemical modification with 2-bromopropionate followed by extension with poly(n-butyl acrylate) through atom transfer radical polymerization. The obtained hairy nanotubes are visualized at nearly molecular resolution with tapping-mode atomic force microscopy, providing insight into the uniformity of grafted chain lengths and grafting density. The grafting densities vary from approximately 1.0-10.0 chains nm(-1) along the nanotubes. Such a wide range of grafting density may indicate some chemical heterogeneity along and between the nanotubes; it may be also an indication of the challenges associated with carrying out chemical modification of nano-objects having high tendency to aggregate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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152
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Grafting polymer nanoshell onto the exterior surface of mesoporous silica nanoparticles via surface reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. Eur Polym J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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153
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Mountrichas G, Pispas S, Tagmatarchis N. Grafting Living Polymers onto Carbon Nanohorns. Chemistry 2007; 13:7595-9. [PMID: 17676577 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper we describe a new way for the covalent functionalization of carbon nanohorns by means of anionic polymerization with the "grafting to" approach. Polyisoprene homopolymers, as well as polyisoprene-b-polystyrene block copolymers have been attached on the surface of carbon nanohorns. The functionalized carbon nanostructures have been fully characterized by means of complementary spectroscopic techniques, electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and light scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigoris Mountrichas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vass. Constantinou avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
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154
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Zhang H, Li HX, Cheng HM. Water-soluble multiwalled carbon nanotubes functionalized with sulfonated polyaniline. J Phys Chem B 2007; 110:9095-9. [PMID: 16671720 DOI: 10.1021/jp060193y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) functionalized with a water-soluble conducting polymer, sulfonated polyaniline (SPAN), were prepared by in situ polymerization of aniline followed by sulfonation with chlorosulfonic acid in an inert solvent and by hydrolysis in water. Electron microscopy, laser Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy were employed to characterize the morphology and chemical structure of the resulting product. The results show that the quinonoid structure of SPAN preferentially interacts with the nanotubes and is stabilized by strong pi-pi interaction between two components. The structure of MWNTs was not perturbed by the incorporation of SPAN, since the pi-pi interaction between MWNTs and SPAN is much weaker in comparison to that of the carbon covalent bond. The SPAN functionalized MWNTs are highly dispersible in water, thus opening new possibilities for their prospective technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
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155
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Chen X, Chen X, Lin M, Zhong W, Chen X, Chen Z. Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Prepared by In Situ Polycondensation of Polyurethane. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200600593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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156
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Carbon nanotube composite membranes of brominated poly(2,6-diphenyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) for gas separation. J Memb Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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157
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Mu B, Wang T, Liu P. Well-Defined Dendritic-Graft Copolymer Grafted Silica Nanoparticle by Consecutive Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerizations. Ind Eng Chem Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ie070252+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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158
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Feldman AY, Larin B, Berestetsky N, Marom G, Weinberg A. Microbeam WAXD Study of Orientated Crystalline Arrays in Carbon Fiber/CNT – Nylon 66 Extruded/drawn Composites. J MACROMOL SCI B 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00222340601044243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Y. Feldman
- a Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem, Israel
| | - B. Larin
- a Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem, Israel
| | - N. Berestetsky
- a Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem, Israel
| | - G. Marom
- a Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A. Weinberg
- b Shenkar College of Engineering and Design , Ramat‐Gan, Israel
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159
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Homenick CM, Lawson G, Adronov A. Polymer Grafting of Carbon Nanotubes Using Living Free‐Radical Polymerization. POLYM REV 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/15583720701271237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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160
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Chen GX, Kim HS, Park BH, Yoon JS. Synthesis of Poly(L-lactide)-Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes by Ring-Opening Polymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200600411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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161
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Kitano H, Tachimoto K, Anraku Y. Functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotube by the covalent modification with polymer chains. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 306:28-33. [PMID: 17095004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2006] [Revised: 09/16/2006] [Accepted: 10/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT), which had been oxidized by incubation with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid to afford carboxyl groups at its ends, was incubated with an azo-type radical initiator carrying poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl D-glucopyranoside) blocks at both ends (PMEGlc-initiator). Due to its high radical trapping activity, the SWNT could be coated with glycopolymers corresponding to the cloven macro-initiator (PMEGlc-SWNT). The PMEGlc-SWNT indicated a lectin (concanavalin A, Con A)-induced aggregation, and a buckey sheet composed of PMEGlc-SWNT could be used for the recovery of Con A from its aqueous solution. Furthermore, the carboxylated SWNT was also incubated with a terminal-aminated poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PIPA) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide HCl salt (PIPA-SWNT). The PIPA-SWNT indicated a definite temperature-responsiveness in the turbidity of its dispersion. These methods would be promising to modify SWNT with various functional polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Kitano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduated School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
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162
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Ke G, Guan W, Tang C, Guan W, Zeng D, Deng F. Covalent Functionalization of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with a Low Molecular Weight Chitosan. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:322-6. [PMID: 17291053 DOI: 10.1021/bm0604146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Covalent functionalization of shortened multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with a natural low molecular weight chitosan (LMCS) was accomplished by a nucleophilic substitution reaction. Amino and primary hydroxyl groups of the LMCS contributed mainly to the formation of MWNT-LMCS conjugates. The LMCS content in the MWNT-LMCS is approximately 58 wt %, and approximately four molecular chains of the LMCS are attached to 1000 carbon atoms of the nanotube sidewalls. Most interestingly, the amorphous packing structure of the LMCS changed dramatically when it attached to the MWNTs. The MWNTs might induce the crystalline character of the LMCS. As a novel derivative of MWNTs, the MWNT-LMCS is soluble in dimethylformamide, dimethyl acetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, and acetic acid aqueous solution. The confirmation of the chitosan-based covalent functionalization route might lead to further studies aiming for potential applications in catalysis and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ke
- Department of Chemistry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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163
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LeMieux MC, Peleshanko S, Anderson KD, Tsukruk VV. Adaptive nanomechanical response of stratified polymer brush structures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:265-73. [PMID: 17190513 DOI: 10.1021/la061723k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We have fabricated a stratified polymer surface film with tunable thickness (within 17-34 nm) through facile, room-temperature, UV-initiated polymerization with a temperature-sensitive pNIPAAM layer confined beneath a hydrophobic layer. AFM morphology and ellipsometric measurements were measured at each grafting step, along with XPS measurements of the overall layer to verify layer growth. The strong characteristic LCST behavior of pNIPAAM was observed in water, with a 100% change in thickness above and below this transition. The AFM nanomechanical results demonstrate vertical gradients of the elastic response tunable to a desired state by the external temperature. These temperature-sensitive, adaptive polymer structures with the pNIPAAM layer "hidden" beneath the rubbery, hydrophobic PBA topmost layer represent an interesting example of nanoengineering surfaces with properties such as adhesion, elastic modulus, and multi-level structural reorganization responsive to fluidic and temperature variations that can be important for biological purposes such as implant coatings, cell-surface mimicry, and drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C LeMieux
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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164
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Yang Q, Wang L, Xiang WD, Zhou JF, Tan QH. Preparation of polymer-grafted carbon black nanoparticles by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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165
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Wang GJ, Huang SZ, Wang Y, Liu L, Qiu J, Li Y. Synthesis of water-soluble single-walled carbon nanotubes by RAFT polymerization. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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166
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Lin Y, Meziani MJ, Sun YP. Functionalized carbon nanotubes for polymeric nanocomposites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b618344a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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167
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Xu G, Wang Y, Pang W, Wu WT, Zhu Q, Wang P. Fabrication of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with polymer shells through surface RAFT polymerization. POLYM INT 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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168
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Arslan H, Yeşilyurt N, Hazer B. The synthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-g-poly(methylmethacrylate) brush type graft copolymers by atom transfer radical polymerization method. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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169
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Wang K, Li W, Gao C. Poly(ε-caprolactone)-functionalized carbon nanofibers by surface-initiated ring-opening polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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170
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Litina K, Miriouni A, Gournis D, Karakassides MA, Georgiou N, Klontzas E, Ntoukas E, Avgeropoulos A. Nanocomposites of polystyrene-b-polyisoprene copolymer with layered silicates and carbon nanotubes. Eur Polym J 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2006.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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171
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Xu G, Wu WT, Wang Y, Pang W, Zhu Q, Wang P, You Y. Constructing polymer brushes on multiwalled carbon nanotubes by in situ reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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172
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173
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Supramolecular Self-Assembly of Polymer-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes on Surfaces. Macromol Rapid Commun 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200600075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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174
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Chen S, Chen D, Wu G. Grafting of Poly(tBA) and PtBA-b-PMMA onto the Surface of SWNTs Using Carbanions as the Initiator. Macromol Rapid Commun 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200600049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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175
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Xu G, Wu WT, Wang Y, Pang W, Wang P, Zhu Q, Lu F. Synthesis and characterization of water-soluble multiwalled carbon nanotubes grafted by a thermoresponsive polymer. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2006; 17:2458-2465. [PMID: 21727490 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/17/10/005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with temperature-responsive shells were successfully prepared by grafting poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) from the sidewalls of MWNTs, via surface reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using RAFT agent functionalized MWNTs as the chain transfer agent. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements showed that the weight composition of the as-grown PNIPAM polymers on the MWNTs can be well controlled by the feed ratio (in weight) of NIPAM to RAFT agent functionalized MWNTs (MWNT-SC(S)Ph). The MWNT-g-PNIPAM has good solubility in water, chloroform, and tetrahydrofuran (THF). Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images also showed that the MWNT-g-PNIPAM was dispersed individually and eventually bonded with the polymer layer by surface RAFT polymerization. The PNIPAM shell is very sensitive to a change of temperature. This method could find potential applications by grafting other functional polymer chains onto MWNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyong Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Structure Research Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
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176
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Yu B, Zhou F, Liu G, Liang Y, Huck WTS, Liu W. The electrolyte switchable solubility of multi-walled carbon nanotube/ionic liquid (MWCNT/IL) hybrids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:2356-8. [PMID: 16733578 DOI: 10.1039/b603878f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this communication we report the first preparation of ionic liquid-modified carbon nanotubes with reversibly switchable solubility between aqueous and organic solvents, induced by anion exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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177
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Kitano H, Tachimoto K, Gemmei-Ide M, Tsubaki N. Interaction Between Polymer Chains Covalently Fixed to Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200600040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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178
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Hong CY, You YZ, Pan CY. A new approach to functionalize multi-walled carbon nanotubes by the use of functional polymers. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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179
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180
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Yoon SH, Jin HJ, Kook MC, Pyun YR. Electrically Conductive Bacterial Cellulose by Incorporation of Carbon Nanotubes. Biomacromolecules 2006; 7:1280-4. [PMID: 16602750 DOI: 10.1021/bm050597g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Electrically conducting polymeric membranes were prepared by incorporating multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into bacterial cellulose pellicles produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinum. The MWCNTs were dispersed in a surfactant (cationic cetyl trimethylammonium bromide) solution, and cellulose pellicles were dipped into the solution for 6, 12, and 24 h. The surfactants were then extracted in pure water and dried. Electron microscopy showed that the individual MWCNTs were strongly adhered to the surface and the inside of the cellulose pellicle. The conductivity of the MWCNTs-incorporated cellulose pellicle, as measured by a four-probe at room temperature, was 1.4 x 10(-1) S/cm, based on the total cross-sectional area (approximately 9.6 wt % of MWCNTs). This suggests that the MWCNTs were incorporated uniformly and densely into the pellicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Ho Yoon
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea
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181
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tasis
- Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, 26504 Rio Patras, Greece.
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182
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Bahun GJ, Wang C, Adronov A. Solubilizing single-walled carbon nanotubes with pyrene-functionalized block copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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183
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Zhao X, Lin W, Song N, Chen X, Fan X, Zhou Q. Water soluble multi-walled carbon nanotubes prepared via nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b609431g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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184
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Liu YX, Du ZJ, Li Y, Zhang C, Li CJ, Yang XP, Li HQ. Surface covalent encapsulation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with poly(acryloyl chloride) grafted poly(ethylene glycol). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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185
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Shanmugharaj AM, Bae JH, Nayak RR, Ryu SH. Preparation of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)-grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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186
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Reddy KR, Lee KP, Gopalan AI, Kim MS, Showkat AM, Nho YC. Synthesis of metal (Fe or Pd)/alloy (Fe–Pd)-nanoparticles-embedded multiwall carbon nanotube/sulfonated polyaniline composites by γ irradiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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187
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Yang Q, Wang L, Xiang W, Zhou J, Jiang G. Modification of carbon black through grafting multihydroxyl hyperbranched polyether onto its surface. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.23839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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188
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Zhao XD, Fan XH, Chen XF, Chai CP, Zhou QF. Surface modification of multiwalled carbon nanotubes via nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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189
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Senaratne W, Andruzzi L, Ober CK. Self-assembled monolayers and polymer brushes in biotechnology: current applications and future perspectives. Biomacromolecules 2005; 6:2427-48. [PMID: 16153077 DOI: 10.1021/bm050180a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry and topography of a surface affect biological response and are of fundamental importance, especially when living systems encounter synthetic surfaces. Most biomolecules have immense recognition power (specific binding) and simultaneously have a tendency to physically adsorb onto a solid substrate without specific receptor recognition (nonspecific adsorption). Therefore, to create useful materials for many biotechnology applications, interfaces are required that have both enhanced specific binding and reduced nonspecific binding. Thus, in applications such as sensors, the tailoring of surface chemistry and the use of micro or nanofabrication techniques becomes an important avenue for the production of surfaces with specific binding properties and minimal background interference. Both self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and polymer brushes have attracted considerable attention as surface-active materials. In this review, we discuss both of these materials with their potential applications in biotechnology. We also summarize lithographic methods for pattern formation using combined top-down and bottom-up approaches and briefly discuss the future of these materials by describing emerging new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wageesha Senaratne
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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190
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He P, Urban MW. Controlled phospholipid functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Biomacromolecules 2005; 6:2455-7. [PMID: 16153079 DOI: 10.1021/bm050338r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
These studies show that single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can be effectively modified using phospholipids. Using a simple surface modification of SWNTs, followed by deposition of 1,2-bis(10,12-tricosadiynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DCPE) phosphipid, results in stable water-dispersible SWNTs with highly uniform thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- School of Polymers and High Performance Materials, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, USA
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191
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Chen S, Wu G, Liu Y, Long D. Preparation of Poly(acrylic acid) Grafted Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes by a Two-Step Irradiation Technique. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0520500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shimou Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Guozhong Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yaodong Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Dewu Long
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
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192
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Teare DOH, Barwick DC, Schofield WCE, Garrod RP, Ward LJ, Badyal JPS. Substrate-independent approach for polymer brush growth by surface atom transfer radical polymerization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:11425-30. [PMID: 16285821 DOI: 10.1021/la051772h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple method for growing polymer brushes by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) off solid surfaces has been devised. This entails pulsed plasmachemical deposition of a halogen-containing initiator layer, followed by either organic or aqueous phase controlled surface polymerization. The wide-scale applicability of this approach is exemplified by functionalizing flat substrates, microbeads, and nonwoven textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O H Teare
- Department of Chemistry, Science Laboratories, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, England, United Kingdom
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193
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Wang SF, Shen L, Zhang WD, Tong YJ. Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Chitosan/Carbon Nanotubes Composites. Biomacromolecules 2005; 6:3067-72. [PMID: 16283728 DOI: 10.1021/bm050378v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 510] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biopolymer chitosan/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) nanocomposites have been successfully prepared by a simple solution-evaporation method. The morphology and mechanical properties of the chitosan/MWNTs nanocomposites have been characterized with field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), bright field transmission electron microscopy (TEM), optical microscopy (OM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), and tensile as well as nanoindentation tests. The MWNTs were observed to be homogeneously dispersed throughout the chitosan matrix. When compared with neat chitosan, the mechanical properties, including the tensile modulus and strength, of the nanocomposites are greatly improved by about 93% and 99%, respectively, with incorporation of only 0.8 wt % of MWNTs into the chitosan matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Feng Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, ASTAR, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602.
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194
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195
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Xia H, Song M. Preparation and characterization of polyurethane-carbon nanotube composites. SOFT MATTER 2005; 1:386-394. [PMID: 32646106 DOI: 10.1039/b509038e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Well-dispersed and long-term stable carbon nanotubes/polyol dispersions were prepared by a mechanochemical approach with the aid of dispersing agent. Polyurethane (PU)-carbon nanotube nanocomposites were prepared by further polymerization. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) can be dispersed individually. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra suggested that the addition of carbon nanotubes improved the degree of phase separation of polyurethane. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) suggested that glass transition temperature () of polyurethane decreased with increasing carbon nanotube content slightly. Tensile test suggested that MWNT is more helpful to improve the modulus than single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT), which is more favourable to improve the elongation of polyurethane. The different reinforcing effects of MWNT and SWNT on PU were correlated to the shearing thinning exponent and the shape factor of carbon nanotubes in polyol dispersion. Raman shift of SWNTs can reflect the dispersion state of SWNT in polyol or in PU, and the interaction between polymer and SWNT. Both SWNT and MWNT can improve the thermal stability of polyurethane and thermal conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesheng Xia
- Institute of Polymer Technology and Materials Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UKLE11 3TU.
| | - Mo Song
- Institute of Polymer Technology and Materials Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UKLE11 3TU.
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196
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Kim DJ, Kang SM, Kong B, Kim WJ, Paik HJ, Choi H, Choi IS. Formation of Thermoresponsive Gold Nanoparticle/PNIPAAm Hybrids by Surface-Initiated, Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in Aqueous Media. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200500268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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197
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pH-responsive poly(2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03183734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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198
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199
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Poly(N-vinyl carbazole)-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes: Synthesis, characterization, and nanocomposite thin films. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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200
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Brush-type amphiphilic polystyrene-g-poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)) copolymers from ATRP and their self-assembly in selective solvents. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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