151
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Kushner AM, Guan Z. Modulares Design in natürlichen und biomimetischen elastischen Materialien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201006496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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152
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Kushner AM, Guan Z. Modular design in natural and biomimetic soft materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:9026-57. [PMID: 21898722 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201006496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Under eons of evolutionary and environmental pressure, biological systems have developed strong and lightweight peptide-based polymeric materials by using the 20 naturally occurring amino acids as principal monomeric units. These materials outperform their man-made counterparts in the following ways: 1) multifunctionality/tunability, 2) adaptability/stimuli-responsiveness, 3) synthesis and processing under ambient and aqueous conditions, and 4) recyclability and biodegradability. The universal design strategy that affords these advanced properties involves "bottom-up" synthesis and modular, hierarchical organization both within and across multiple length-scales. The field of "biomimicry"-elucidating and co-opting nature's basic material design principles and molecular building blocks-is rapidly evolving. This Review describes what has been discovered about the structure and molecular mechanisms of natural polymeric materials, as well as the progress towards synthetic "mimics" of these remarkable systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Kushner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA
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153
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Zhu B, Feng Z, Zheng Z, Wang X. Thermoreversible supramolecular polyurethanes with self-complementary quadruple hydrogen-bonded end groups. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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154
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Sing CE, Alexander-Katz A. Equilibrium Structure and Dynamics of Self-Associating Single Polymers. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200830t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. Sing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alfredo Alexander-Katz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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155
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Li X, Fang Y, Deng P, Hu J, Li T, Feng W, Yuan L. Self-Complementary Quadruply Hydrogen-Bonded Duplexes Based on Imide and Urea Units. Org Lett 2011; 13:4628-31. [DOI: 10.1021/ol2018455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Analytical & Testing Center of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yuyu Fang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Analytical & Testing Center of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Pengchi Deng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Analytical & Testing Center of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jinchuan Hu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Analytical & Testing Center of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Tian Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Analytical & Testing Center of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wen Feng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Analytical & Testing Center of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Lihua Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Analytical & Testing Center of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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156
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Kumpfer JR, Rowan SJ. Thermo-, Photo-, and Chemo-Responsive Shape-Memory Properties from Photo-Cross-Linked Metallo-Supramolecular Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:12866-74. [DOI: 10.1021/ja205332w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin R. Kumpfer
- Department of Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
| | - Stuart J. Rowan
- Department of Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
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157
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Li J, Lewis CL, Chen DL, Anthamatten M. Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of Photo-Cross-linked Shape-Memory Elastomers. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2004019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, 206 Gavett Hall, Rochester, New York 14627-1066, United States
| | - Christopher L. Lewis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, 206 Gavett Hall, Rochester, New York 14627-1066, United States
| | - Darcy L. Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, 206 Gavett Hall, Rochester, New York 14627-1066, United States
| | - Mitchell Anthamatten
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, 206 Gavett Hall, Rochester, New York 14627-1066, United States
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158
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Lu L, Chen W. Supramolecular self-assembly of biopolymers with carbon nanotubes for biomimetic and bio-inspired sensing and actuation. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:2412-2420. [PMID: 21523297 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10113g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Biopolymers are important natural multifunctional macromolecules for biomimetic and bio-inspired advanced functional material design. They are not only simple dispersants for carbon nanotube stabilization as they have been found to have specific interactions with carbon nanotubes. Their molecular activity, orientation and crystallization are influenced by the CNTs, which endow their composites with a variety of novel sensing and actuation performances. This review focuses on the progress in supramolecular self-assembly of biopolymers with carbon nanotubes, and their advances in sensing and actuation. To promote the development of advanced biopolymer/CNT functional materials, new electromechanical characteristics of biopolymer/CNT composites are discussed in detail based on the relationship between the microscopic biopolymer structures and the macroscopic composite properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhua Lu
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215125, P. R. China
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159
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Intermolecular steric hindrance in 7-acylamino-[1H]-2-oxo-1,8-naphthyridines: NMR, ESI-MS, IR, and DFT calculation studies. Struct Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-011-9808-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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160
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Holten-Andersen N, Harrington MJ, Birkedal H, Lee BP, Messersmith PB, Lee KYC, Waite JH. pH-induced metal-ligand cross-links inspired by mussel yield self-healing polymer networks with near-covalent elastic moduli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:2651-5. [PMID: 21278337 PMCID: PMC3041094 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1015862108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 937] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports a critical role of metal-ligand coordination in many attributes of biological materials including adhesion, self-assembly, toughness, and hardness without mineralization [Rubin DJ, Miserez A, Waite JH (2010) Advances in Insect Physiology: Insect Integument and Color, eds Jérôme C, Stephen JS (Academic Press, London), pp 75-133]. Coordination between Fe and catechol ligands has recently been correlated to the hardness and high extensibility of the cuticle of mussel byssal threads and proposed to endow self-healing properties [Harrington MJ, Masic A, Holten-Andersen N, Waite JH, Fratzl P (2010) Science 328:216-220]. Inspired by the pH jump experienced by proteins during maturation of a mussel byssus secretion, we have developed a simple method to control catechol-Fe(3+) interpolymer cross-linking via pH. The resonance Raman signature of catechol-Fe(3+) cross-linked polymer gels at high pH was similar to that from native mussel thread cuticle and the gels displayed elastic moduli (G') that approach covalently cross-linked gels as well as self-healing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Holten-Andersen
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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161
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Subramani C, Dickert S, Yeh YC, Tuominen MT, Rotello VM. Supramolecular functionalization of electron-beam generated nanostructures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:1543-1545. [PMID: 21114276 DOI: 10.1021/la1039514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Electron-beam lithography was used to pattern poly(styrene-co-(methyldiaminotriazine) styrene) (PS-Triaz). These polymer nanopatterns were utilized as molecular scaffolds for assembling complementary thymine-functionalized CdSe-ZnS quantum dots (Thy-QDs) via three-point hydrogen-bonding molecular recognition. This interaction was very specific, with N-methyl thymine-functionalized QDs (MeThy-QDs) not depositing on the surfaces. The "lock and key" specificity of the assembly is mirrored in the disassembly process, where complete removal of the QD was observed using a competing thymine guest.
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162
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Sun X, Pi F, Zhang J, Takahashi I, Wang F, Yan S, Ozaki Y. Study on the Phase Transition Behavior of Poly(butylene adipate) in its Blends with Poly(vinyl phenol). J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:1950-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp110003m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Sun
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fuwei Pi
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Ministry of Education, Qingdao University of Science and Technology,Qingdao City 266042, China
| | - Isao Takahashi
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shouke Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
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163
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Wojtecki RJ, Meador MA, Rowan SJ. Using the dynamic bond to access macroscopically responsive structurally dynamic polymers. NATURE MATERIALS 2011; 10:14-27. [PMID: 21157495 DOI: 10.1038/nmat2891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1037] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
New materials that have the ability to reversibly adapt to their environment and possess a wide range of responses ranging from self-healing to mechanical work are continually emerging. These adaptive systems have the potential to revolutionize technologies such as sensors and actuators, as well as numerous biomedical applications. We will describe the emergence of a new trend in the design of adaptive materials that involves the use of reversible chemistry (both non-covalent and covalent) to programme a response that originates at the most fundamental (molecular) level. Materials that make use of this approach - structurally dynamic polymers - produce macroscopic responses from a change in the material's molecular architecture (that is, the rearrangement or reorganization of the polymer components, or polymeric aggregates). This design approach requires careful selection of the reversible/dynamic bond used in the construction of the material to control its environmental responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy J Wojtecki
- Department of Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, USA
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164
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Spruell JM, Hawker CJ. Triggered structural and property changes in polymeric nanomaterials. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00426j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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165
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Mutlu H, de Espinosa LM, Meier MAR. Acyclic dienemetathesis: a versatile tool for the construction of defined polymer architectures. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:1404-45. [DOI: 10.1039/b924852h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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166
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Black AL, Lenhardt JM, Craig SL. From molecular mechanochemistry to stress-responsive materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm02636k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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167
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Brochu ABW, Craig SL, Reichert WM. Self-healing biomaterials. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 96:492-506. [PMID: 21171168 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this review is to introduce the biomaterials community to the emerging field of self-healing materials, and also to suggest how one could utilize and modify self-healing approaches to develop new classes of biomaterials. A brief discussion of the in vivo mechanical loading and resultant failures experienced by biomedical implants is followed by presentation of the self-healing methods for combating mechanical failure. If conventional composite materials that retard failure may be considered zeroth generation self-healing materials, then taxonomically speaking, first generation self-healing materials describe approaches that "halt" and "fill" damage, whereas second generation self-healing materials strive to "fully restore" the prefailed material structure. In spite of limited commercial use to date, primarily because the technical details have not been suitably optimized, it is likely from a practical standpoint that first generation approaches will be the first to be employed commercially, whereas second generation approaches may take longer to implement. For self-healing biomaterials the optimization of technical considerations is further compounded by the additional constraints of toxicity and biocompatibility, necessitating inclusion of separate discussions of design criteria for self-healing biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice B W Brochu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0281, USA
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168
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Zhang P, Chu H, Li X, Feng W, Deng P, Yuan L, Gong B. Alternative Strategy for Adjusting the Association Specificity of Hydrogen-Bonded Duplexes. Org Lett 2010; 13:54-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol102522m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Analytical & Testing Center of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China, and Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Hongzhu Chu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Analytical & Testing Center of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China, and Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Xianghui Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Analytical & Testing Center of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China, and Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Wen Feng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Analytical & Testing Center of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China, and Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Pengchi Deng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Analytical & Testing Center of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China, and Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Lihua Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Analytical & Testing Center of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China, and Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Bing Gong
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Analytical & Testing Center of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China, and Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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169
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Shi ZM, Huang J, Ma Z, Zhao X, Guan Z, Li ZT. Foldamers as Cross-Links for Tuning the Dynamic Mechanical Property of Methacrylate Copolymers. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma100952h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Ming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhibin Guan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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170
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Tunable polymer multi-shape memory effect. Nature 2010; 464:267-70. [DOI: 10.1038/nature08863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1059] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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171
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Reddy CM, Rama Krishna G, Ghosh S. Mechanical properties of molecular crystals—applications to crystal engineering. CrystEngComm 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c003466e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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172
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Two novel quadruple hydrogen-bonding motifs: the formation of supramolecular polymers, vesicles, and organogels. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.10.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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173
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Bionanotechnology, Nanomedicine and the Future. Supramol Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-2582-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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174
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Caruso MM, Davis DA, Shen Q, Odom SA, Sottos NR, White SR, Moore JS. Mechanically-Induced Chemical Changes in Polymeric Materials. Chem Rev 2009; 109:5755-98. [DOI: 10.1021/cr9001353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 990] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary M. Caruso
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, and Aerospace Engineering and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Douglas A. Davis
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, and Aerospace Engineering and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Qilong Shen
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, and Aerospace Engineering and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Susan A. Odom
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, and Aerospace Engineering and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Nancy R. Sottos
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, and Aerospace Engineering and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Scott R. White
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, and Aerospace Engineering and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Jeffrey S. Moore
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, and Aerospace Engineering and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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175
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176
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Combining properties. Nat Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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