151
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152
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Abstract
The rhenium(VII) complex O3ReOSiPh3 is a particularly effective catalyst for Prins cyclizations using aromatic and alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes. The reaction conditions are mild, and the highly substituted 4-hydroxytetrahydropyran products are formed stereoselectively. Rhenium(VII) complexes appear to spontaneously form esters with alcohols and to directly activate electron-rich alcohols for solvolysis. Re2O7 and perrhenic acid are equally effective in catalyzing these cyclizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanruthai Tadpetch
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
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153
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Crone B, Kirsch SF. 1,2-Alkyl migration as a key element in the invention of cascade reactions catalyzed by pi-acids. Chemistry 2008; 14:3514-22. [PMID: 18318026 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This brief overview highlights recent progress in the field of cascade reactions that are initiated by the activation of a pi-system using platinum and gold catalysts and that are coupled with a 1,2-alkyl migration step. While the reactions discussed aim to rapidly evolve molecular complexity, they are experimentally straightforward and easy to perform. Primarily guided by the type of 1,2-alkyl migration, methods are categorized as shifts to metal carbenoid centers and pinacol-type rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Crone
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
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154
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Butters M, Elliott MC, Hill-Cousins J, Paine JS, Westwood AW. An improved protocol for the Prins desymmetrisation of cyclohexa-1,4-dienes. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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155
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Baskar B, Bae HJ, An SE, Cheong JY, Rhee YH, Duschek A, Kirsch SF. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Divergence in the Reactivity of 3-Silyloxy 1,6-Enynes: Pinacol-Terminated vs Claisen-Terminated Cyclization Cascades. Org Lett 2008; 10:2605-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol8008733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baburaj Baskar
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, San 31 Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea, and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Hyo J. Bae
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, San 31 Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea, and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Sang E. An
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, San 31 Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea, and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Jae Y. Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, San 31 Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea, and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Young H. Rhee
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, San 31 Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea, and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Duschek
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, San 31 Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea, and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Stefan F. Kirsch
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, San 31 Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea, and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
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156
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Hurley PB, Dake GR. Synthetic Studies toward Halichlorine: Complex Azaspirocycle Formation with Use of an NBS-Promoted Semipinacol Reaction. J Org Chem 2008; 73:4131-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800336k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul B. Hurley
- Department of Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Gregory R. Dake
- Department of Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z1
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157
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Matsumoto K, Fujie S, Ueoka K, Suga S, Yoshida JI. An Electroinitiated Cation Chain Reaction: Intramolecular Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation between Thioacetal and Olefin Groups. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:2506-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200705748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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158
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Matsumoto K, Fujie S, Ueoka K, Suga S, Yoshida JI. An Electroinitiated Cation Chain Reaction: Intramolecular Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation between Thioacetal and Olefin Groups. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200705748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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159
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Becker J, Bergander K, Fröhlich R, Hoppe D. Asymmetric Total Synthesis and X-Ray Crystal Structure of the Cytotoxic Marine Diterpene (+)-Vigulariol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:1654-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200704678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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160
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Becker J, Bergander K, Fröhlich R, Hoppe D. Asymmetrische Totalsynthese und Festkörperstruktur des marinen cytotoxischen Diterpens (+)-Vigulariol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200704678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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161
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Gesinski MR, Van Orden LJ, Rychnovsky SD. Lewis Acid-Promoted Mukaiyama Aldol-Prins (MAP) Cyclizations of Acetals, Ketals, α-Acetoxy Ethers, and Orthoformates. Synlett 2008; 2008:363-366. [PMID: 20936058 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1032053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The Mukaiyama aldol-Prins (MAP) cyclization of acetals stereoselectively provided substituted tetrahydropyrans. The scope of the reaction has been expanded to include other electrophiles, including ketals and α-acetoxy ethers. Finally, a double MAP cyclization with orthoformates is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Gesinski
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
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162
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Jung HH, Seiders JR, Floreancig PE. Oxidative cleavage in the construction of complex molecules: synthesis of the leucascandrolide A macrolactone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 46:8464-7. [PMID: 17899618 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200702999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Hoon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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163
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Gold-Catalyzed [4+3]-Annulation of Oxabicyclic Benzenes with 2-Substituted Allylsilanes through Tandem Allylation and Cyclization. Org Lett 2008; 10:521-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ol7030334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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164
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Shao LX, Qi MH, Shi M. Lewis acid-catalyzed Prins-type reactions of methylenecyclopropylcarbinols with aldehydes and aldimines. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.10.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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165
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Mucedda M, Muroni D, Saba A, Manassero C. Concise diastereospecific pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]benzodiazepinone synthesis. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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166
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Mitchell TA, Romo D. Diastereoselective synthesis of tetrahydrofurans via mead reductive cyclization of keto-beta-lactones derived from the tandem Mukaiyama aldol lactonization (TMAL) process. J Org Chem 2007; 72:9053-9. [PMID: 17973527 PMCID: PMC2597427 DOI: 10.1021/jo7014246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of a diastereoselective, three-step strategy for the construction of substituted tetrahydrofurans from alkenyl aldehydes based on the tandem Mukaiyama aldol-lactonization process and Mead reductive cyclization of keto beta-lactones is reported. Stereochemical outcomes of the TMAL process are consistent with models established for Lewis acid-mediated additions to alpha-benzyloxy and beta-silyloxy aldehydes while reductions of the five-membered oxocarbenium ions are consistent with Woerpel's models. Further rationalization for observed high diastereoselectivity in reductions of alpha-silyloxy 5-membered oxocarbenium ions based on stereoelectronic effects are posited. A diagnostic trend for coupling constants of gamma-benzyloxy beta-lactones was observed that should enable assignment of the relative configuration of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Andrew Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 30012, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842-3012
| | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 30012, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842-3012
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167
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Tang JM, Bhunia S, Sohel SMA, Lin MY, Liao HY, Datta S, Das A, Liu RS. The Skeletal Rearrangement of Gold- and Platinum-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of cis-4,6-Dien-1-yn-3-ols: Pinacol Rearrangement and Formation of Bicyclo[4.1.0]heptenone and Reorganized Styrene Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:15677-83. [DOI: 10.1021/ja076175r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Meng Tang
- Contribution from Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC, and Department of Science Education, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sabyasachi Bhunia
- Contribution from Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC, and Department of Science Education, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shariar Md. Abu Sohel
- Contribution from Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC, and Department of Science Education, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Yuan Lin
- Contribution from Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC, and Department of Science Education, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Yi Liao
- Contribution from Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC, and Department of Science Education, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Swarup Datta
- Contribution from Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC, and Department of Science Education, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Arindam Das
- Contribution from Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC, and Department of Science Education, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Rai-Shung Liu
- Contribution from Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC, and Department of Science Education, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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168
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Jung H, Seiders J, Floreancig P. Oxidative Cleavage in the Construction of Complex Molecules: Synthesis of the Leucascandrolide A Macrolactone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200702999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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169
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Shao LX, Xu B, Huang JW, Shi M. Synthesis of the indene, THF, and pyrrolidine skeletons by Lewis acid mediated cycloaddition of methylenecyclopropanes with aldehydes, N-tosyl aldimines, and acetals. Chemistry 2007; 12:510-7. [PMID: 16163769 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Methylenecyclopropanes (MCPs 1) react with aldehydes, N-tosyl aldimines, and acetals to give the corresponding indene, THF, and pyrrolidine cycloaddition products in the presence of BF3 x OEt2 under mild reaction conditions. Some special transformations of MCPs 1 with aldehydes have been reported in this paper. A plausible reaction mechanism has been discussed, which is based on a deuterium-labeling experiment and the Prins-type reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xiong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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170
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Yamabe S, Tsuchida N, Yamazaki S. Theoretical study of the role of solvent H2O in neopentyl and pinacol rearrangements. J Comput Chem 2007; 28:1561-1571. [PMID: 17345571 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.20690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The neopentyl and the pinacol rearrangements as examples of Wagner-Meerwein rearrangements were investigated by the use of DFT calculations. As the first reaction, a model of neopentyl chloride (1b) and (H2O)12 was employed. In the reaction, the patterns of C--Cl scission, methyl migration, and C--OH formation were analyzed. The calculations have shown that the 2-methyl-2-butanol (6) is formed in two steps with the transient intermediate, neopentyl alcohol (3). The first step is the nucleophilic substitution reaction and is the rate-determining one. The second step is the dual migration of methyl and OH2 groups. The primary and tertiary carbocations were calculated to be absent in the neopentyl rearrangement starting from the hydrolysis. As the second reaction, the pinacol rearrangement of two substrates 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-butanediol (7) and 2,3-diphenyl-2,3-butanediol (12) was investigated. Acidic aqueous solvent was modeled by H3O+ and 12H2O. The reaction paths were promoted by a hydrogen-bond circuit of H3O+(H2O)2 and were determined as completely concerted processes. Protonated species and carbocations as intermediates also do not intervene during the pinacol rearrangement. Active functions of proton relays along the hydrogen bonds in the two rearrangements were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Yamabe
- Department of Chemistry, Nara University of Education, Takabatake-cho, Nara 630-8528, Japan
| | - Noriko Tsuchida
- Department of Chemistry, Nara University of Education, Takabatake-cho, Nara 630-8528, Japan
| | - Shoko Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Nara University of Education, Takabatake-cho, Nara 630-8528, Japan
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171
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Kirsch SF, Binder JT, Crone B, Duschek A, Haug TT, Liébert C, Menz H. Catalyzed tandem reaction of 3-silyloxy-1,5-enynes consisting of cyclization and pinacol rearrangement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:2310-3. [PMID: 17310486 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200604544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan F Kirsch
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
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172
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Ko HM, Lee DG, Kim MA, Kim HJ, Park J, Lah MS, Lee E. Stereoselective synthesis of (−)-blepharocalyxin D. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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173
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Korotchenko VN, Gagné MR. Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclization of 1,ω-Dienols: Multiple Ways to Intramolecularly Trap a Carbocation. J Org Chem 2007; 72:4877-81. [PMID: 17530903 DOI: 10.1021/jo0705871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The tandem catalytic cyclization-rearrangement of 1,omega-dien-3-ols by palladium(II) produces different types of products, depending on the structure of starting material. The pinacol rearrangement, benzannulation, and oxy-Cope rearrangement are major pathways of transforming the putative sigma-alkylpalladium carbocation. Turnover of the cyclization is achieved by beta-hydride elimination and reoxidation of palladium with benzoquinone. The overall course of the reaction is very sensitive to small changes in the substrate structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily N Korotchenko
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
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174
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Movassaghi M, Chen B. Stereoselective intermolecular formal [3+3] cycloaddition reaction of cyclic enamines and enones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:565-8. [PMID: 17146819 PMCID: PMC3510678 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200603302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Movassaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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175
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Binder JT, Crone B, Kirsch SF, Liébert C, Menz H. Synthesis of Heterocyclic Systems by Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Cyclization-Migration Reactions – A Diversity-Oriented Strategy for the Construction of Spirocyclic 3(2H)-Furanones and 3-Pyrrolones. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200601060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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176
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Kirsch S, Binder J, Crone B, Duschek A, Haug T, Liébert C, Menz H. Katalysierte Tandemreaktion aus Cyclisierung und Pinakol-Umlagerung von 3-Silyloxy-1,5-eninen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200604544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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177
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Jasti R, Rychnovsky SD. Solvolysis of a tetrahydropyranyl mesylate: mechanistic implications for the Prins cyclization, 2-oxonia-cope rearrangement, and Grob fragmentation. Org Lett 2007; 8:2175-8. [PMID: 16671810 PMCID: PMC2487678 DOI: 10.1021/ol0606738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A solvolysis reaction is used to demonstrate that a tetrahydropyranyl cation is a common intermediate for Prins cyclizations, 2-oxonia-Cope rearrangements, and Grob fragmentations of tetrahydropyran rings.
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178
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Elliott MC, El Sayed NNE, Paine JS. Diastereospecific Tandem Prins Cyclisation/Rearrangement Reactions for the Desymmetrisation of Cyclohexa-1,4-dienes. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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179
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Movassaghi M, Chen B. Stereoselective Intermolecular Formal [3+3] Cycloaddition Reaction of Cyclic Enamines and Enones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200603302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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180
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Affiliation(s)
- John P. Wolfe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1055
| | - Michael B. Hay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1055
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181
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Miles RB, Davis CE, Coates RM. Syn- and anti-selective Prins cyclizations of delta,epsilon-unsaturated ketones to 1,3-halohydrins with Lewis acids. J Org Chem 2006; 71:1493-501. [PMID: 16468798 DOI: 10.1021/jo052142n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ten acyclic and monocyclic delta,epsilon-unsaturated ketones, with and without methyl substituents on the double bond, underwent halide-terminated Prins (halo-Prins) cyclizations under anhydrous conditions in the presence of Lewis acids. TiCl4, TiBr4, BCl3, and BBr3 promoted syn-selective cyclizations to sterically congested chloro- and bromohydrins, while SnCl4, SnBr4, InCl3, ZrCl4, and several other Lewis acids effected highly anti-selective reactions to furnish the corresponding trans halohydrins. The stronger Lewis acids (TiX4 and BX3) favor the syn process that involves axial delivery of a halide ligand. Competition experiments showed that substitution at the delta carbon (methallyl enones) led to increased rates (40-50-fold), while substitution at the epsilon position (cis and trans crotyl enones) retarded the rate and eroded the selectivity of the cyclizations. The trends in syn vs anti selectivity, reactivity, and effects of different Lewis acidic metal halides are rationalized by competitive reaction pathways proceeding through syn carbocation-halide ion pairs and a higher order transition state that leads to inversion of configuration and formation of trans halohydrins, along with cyclic olefins arising from proton elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Brandon Miles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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182
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Yuan Y, Lai AJ, Kraml CM, Lee C. A highly enantio- and diastereoselective 1,3-dimethylallylation of aldehydes. Tetrahedron 2006; 62:11391-11396. [PMID: 17203133 PMCID: PMC1761486 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A highly enantio- and diastereoselective pentenylation of aldehydes is described. The homoallylic alcohol derived from 1,3-dimethylallylation of (-)-menthone undergoes an efficient allyl-transfer reaction with a wide range of aliphatic aldehydes in the presence of an acid catalyst to give rise to the corresponding 4-methyl-2(E)-penten-4-yl-5-ol products in good yields with high enantio- and 4,5-syn-selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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183
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184
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Abstract
The design and implementation of cascade reactions is a challenging facet of organic chemistry, yet one that can impart striking novelty, elegance, and efficiency to synthetic strategies. The application of cascade reactions to natural products synthesis represents a particularly demanding task, but the results can be both stunning and instructive. This Review highlights selected examples of cascade reactions in total synthesis, with particular emphasis on recent applications therein. The examples discussed herein illustrate the power of these processes in the construction of complex molecules and underscore their future potential in chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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185
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Abstract
Isotopic labeling experiments were performed to elucidate a new mechanism for racemization in Prins cyclization reactions. The loss in optical activity for these reactions was shown to occur by 2-oxonia-Cope rearrangements by way of a (Z)-oxocarbenium ion intermediate. Reaction conditions such as solvent, temperature, and the nucleophile employed played a critical role in whether an erosion in enantiomeric excess was observed. Additionally, certain structural features of Prins cyclization precursors were also shown to be important for preserving optical purity in these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025,
| | - Scott D. Rychnovsky
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025,
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186
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Aubele DL, Wan S, Floreancig PE. Total synthesis of (+)-dactylolide through an efficient sequential Peterson olefination and Prins cyclization reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 44:3485-8. [PMID: 15844125 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200500564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Aubele
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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187
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Kirsch SF, Binder JT, Liébert C, Menz H. Gold(III)- and Platinum(II)-Catalyzed Domino Reaction Consisting of Heterocyclization and 1,2-Migration: Efficient Synthesis of Highly Substituted 3(2H)-Furanones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:5878-80. [PMID: 16871607 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200601836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan F Kirsch
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
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188
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Kirsch SF, Binder JT, Liébert C, Menz H. Gold(III)- und Platin(II)-katalysierte Dominoreaktion aus Heterocyclisierung und 1,2-Verschiebung: effiziente Synthese von hoch substituierten 3(2H)-Furanonen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200601836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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189
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Jiménez-Núñez E, Claverie CK, Nieto-Oberhuber C, Echavarren AM. Prins Cyclizations in Au-Catalyzed Reactions of Enynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:5452-5. [PMID: 16850511 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200601575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eloísa Jiménez-Núñez
- Institut Catalá d'Investigació Química (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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190
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Jiménez-Núñez E, Claverie CK, Nieto-Oberhuber C, Echavarren AM. Prins Cyclizations in Au-Catalyzed Reactions of Enynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200601575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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191
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Biermann U, Lützen A, Metzger JO. Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure 2,3,4,6-Tetrasubstituted Tetrahydropyrans by Prins-Type Cyclization of Methyl Ricinoleate and Aldehydes. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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192
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Attwood MR, Gilbert PS, Lewis ML, Mills K, Quayle P, Thompson SP, Wang S. α-Alkoxystannanes as masked oxonium ions: application to the synthesis of furo[2,3-b]pyrans. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.02.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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193
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Barluenga J, Diéguez A, Fernández A, Rodríguez F, Fañanás FJ. Gold- or Platinum-Catalyzed Tandem Cycloisomerization/Prins-Type Cyclization Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:2091-3. [PMID: 16498691 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200503874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Barluenga
- Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica Enrique Moles, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
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194
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Barluenga J, Diéguez A, Fernández A, Rodríguez F, Fañanás FJ. Gold- or Platinum-Catalyzed Tandem Cycloisomerization/Prins-Type Cyclization Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200503874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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195
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196
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J. Hart D, E. Bennett C, Figueroa R, Yang D. Substituent Effects on the Regiochemical and Stereochemical Course of the Nussbaumer-Frater Variation of the Prins Cyclization. HETEROCYCLES 2006. [DOI: 10.3987/com-06-s(w)39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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197
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Bahnck KB, Rychnovsky SD. Rapid stereocontrolled assembly of the fully substituted C-aryl glycoside of kendomycin with a Prins cyclization: a formal synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:2388-90. [PMID: 16733589 DOI: 10.1039/b602937j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Prins cyclization using an electron-rich benzaldehyde and a homoallylic alcohol efficiently delivered the fully substituted C-aryl tetrahydropyranoside of kendomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B Bahnck
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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198
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Shenoy SR, Woerpel KA. Investigations into the role of ion pairing in reactions of heteroatom-substituted cyclic oxocarbenium ions. Org Lett 2005; 7:1157-60. [PMID: 15760163 DOI: 10.1021/ol0500620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The O-to-C rearrangement of vinyl acetals is used to demonstrate that tight ion pairing is not involved in the stereoselective nucleophilic addition reactions of alkoxy-substituted cyclic oxocarbenium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha R Shenoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
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199
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Fañanás FJ, Alvarez-Pérez M, Rodríguez F. IPy2BF4-Mediated Rearrangements of 1,2-Difunctionalized Compounds and Olefins. Chemistry 2005; 11:5938-44. [PMID: 15973744 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Acetal derivatives are easily obtained from 1,2-difunctionalized compounds by a new reaction mediated by IPy2BF4 with a mechanism based on a 1,2-migration of aryl or alkyl groups. A new oxidative rearrangement reaction of olefins is also described. Moreover, when this metal-free protocol is applied to cyclic olefins, interesting ring-contraction reactions are observed. The new methodologies described here are a clean and efficient alternative to known strategies that make use of potentially toxic metallic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Fañanás
- Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica Enrique Moles, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
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200
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Shin C, Chavre SN, Pae AN, Cha JH, Koh HY, Chang MH, Choi JH, Cho YS. Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 2,5-Disubstituted 3-Vinylidene Tetetrahydrofurans via Prins-Type Cyclization. Org Lett 2005; 7:3283-5. [PMID: 16018641 DOI: 10.1021/ol051058r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text]. A novel synthetic methodology for 2,5-disubstituted tetrahydrofurans having an allenyl group at the 3-position via Prins-type cyclization was developed. The reaction led to excellent selectivity and moderate to high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Shin
- Biochemicals Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Cheongryang, Seoul
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