151
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Zhang N, Wimmer J, Qian SJ, Chen WS. Stem Cells: Current Approach and Future Prospects in Spinal Cord Injury Repair. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2009; 293:519-30. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.21025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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152
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Iancu C, Ilie IR, Georgescu CE, Ilie R, Biris AR, Mocan T, Mocan LC, Zaharie F, Todea-Iancu D, Susman S, Ciuca DR, Biris AS. Applications of Nanomaterials in Cell Stem Therapies and the Onset of Nanomedicine. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/02726350903328985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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153
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Wang S, Wang H, Jiao J, Chen KJ, Owens G, Kamei KI, Sun J, Sherman D, Behrenbruch C, Wu H, Tseng HR. Three-Dimensional Nanostructured Substrates toward Efficient Capture of Circulating Tumor Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200901668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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154
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Tran PA, Zhang L, Webster TJ. Carbon nanofibers and carbon nanotubes in regenerative medicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009; 61:1097-114. [PMID: 19647768 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers have long been investigated for applications in composite structural materials, semiconductor devices, and sensors. With the recent well-documented ability to chemically modify nanofibrous carbon materials to improve their solubility and biocompatibility properties: a whole new class of bioactive carbon nanostructures has been created for biological applications. This review focuses on the latest applications of carbon nanofibers and carbon nanotubes in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phong A Tran
- Physics Department, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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155
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Ferreira L, Karp JM, Nobre L, Langer R. New opportunities: the use of nanotechnologies to manipulate and track stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2009; 3:136-46. [PMID: 18682237 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2008.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnologies are emerging platforms that could be useful in measuring, understanding, and manipulating stem cells. Examples include magnetic nanoparticles and quantum dots for stem cell labeling and in vivo tracking; nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and polyplexes for the intracellular delivery of genes/oligonucleotides and protein/peptides; and engineered nanometer-scale scaffolds for stem cell differentiation and transplantation. This review examines the use of nanotechnologies for stem cell tracking, differentiation, and transplantation. We further discuss their utility and the potential concerns regarding their cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lino Ferreira
- Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
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156
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Chao TI, Xiang S, Chen CS, Chin WC, Nelson AJ, Wang C, Lu J. Carbon nanotubes promote neuron differentiation from human embryonic stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 384:426-30. [PMID: 19426708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.04.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) hold great promise for regenerative medicine and transplantation therapy due to their self-renewal and pluripotent properties. We report that 2D thin film scaffolds composed of biocompatible polymer grafted carbon nanotubes (CNTs), can selectively differentiate human embryonic stem cells into neuron cells while maintaining excellent cell viability. According to fluorescence image analysis, neuron differentiation efficiency of poly(acrylic acid) grafted CNT thin films is significant greater than that on poly(acrylic acid) thin films. When compared with the conventional poly-L-ornithine surfaces, a standard substratum commonly used for neuron culture, this new type thin film scaffold shows enhanced neuron differentiation. No noticeable cytotoxic effect difference has been detected between these two surfaces. The surface analysis and cell adhesion study have suggested that CNT-based surfaces can enhance protein adsorption and cell attachment. This finding indicates that CNT-based materials are excellent candidates for hESCs' neuron differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-I Chao
- School of Engineering, University of California, 5200 North Lake Road, UC Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
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157
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Veetil JV, Ye K. Tailored carbon nanotubes for tissue engineering applications. Biotechnol Prog 2009; 25:709-21. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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158
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Hu Y, Cai K, Luo Z, Zhang R, Yang L, Deng L, Jandt KD. Surface mediated in situ differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on gene-functionalized titanium films fabricated by layer-by-layer technique. Biomaterials 2009; 30:3626-35. [PMID: 19371947 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, multilayered and gene-functionalized titanium films composed of chitosan (Chi) and plasmid DNA (pEGFP-hBMP2, pGB) were employed to investigate the surface mediated in situ differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The Chi/pGB multilayered structures were fabricated by layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly technique and degraded to release plasmid DNA complexes depending on bilayer numbers over 7 days. Therefore, the differentiation behaviors of MSCs cultured onto Chi/pGB multilayered titanium films surface were investigated. Chi/pGB LbL-modified titanium films show significant higher (p<0.01) transfection efficiency than those of other groups transfected by lipofectamine 2000 regarding the expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay revealed that MSCs adhered onto Chi/pGB LbL-modified titanium films could still express hBMP2 mRNA over 7 days culture. Compared with control groups, MSCs cultured onto Chi/pGB LbL-modified titanium films display significantly higher (p<0.01 or p<0.05) production levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin over 7 days and 14 days culture, respectively. These results demonstrate that Chi/pGB LbL-modified titanium films are beneficial for sustained in situ inducing osteoprogenitor cells to differentiate into mature osteoblasts over long time. The approach presented here has potential applications in the development of gene-stimulating biomaterials and implant technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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159
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160
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Pluronic-coated carbon nanotubes do not induce degeneration of cortical neurons in vivo and in vitro. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2009; 5:96-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2008.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2008] [Revised: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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161
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Crouzier T, Ren K, Nicolas C, Roy C, Picart C. Layer-by-layer films as a biomimetic reservoir for rhBMP-2 delivery: controlled differentiation of myoblasts to osteoblasts. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2009; 5:598-608. [PMID: 19219837 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200800804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Efficient delivery of growth or survival factors to cells is one of the most important long-term challenges of current cell-based tissue engineering strategies. The extracellular matrix acts as a reservoir for a number of growth factors through interactions with its components. In the matrix, growth factors are protected against circulating proteases and locally concentrated. Thus, the localized and long-lasting delivery of a matrix-bound recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) from a biomaterial surface would mimic in vivo conditions and increase BMP-2 efficiency by limiting its degradation. Herein, it is shown that crosslinked poly(L-lysine)/hyaluronan (HA) layer-by-layer films can serve as a reservoir for rhBMP-2 delivery to myoblasts and induce their differentiation into osteoblasts in a dose-dependent manner. The amount of rhBMP-2 loaded in the films is controlled by varying the deposition conditions and the film thickness. Its local concentration in the film is increased up to approximately 500-fold when compared to its initial solution concentration. Its adsorption on the films, as well as its diffusion within the films, is evidenced by microfluorimetry and confocal microscopy observations. A direct interaction of rhBMP-2 with HA is demonstrated by size-exclusion chromatography, which could be at the origin of the rhBMP-2 "trapping" in the film and of its low release from the films. The bioactivity of rhBMP-2-loaded films is due neither to film degradation nor to rhBMP-2 release. The rhBMP-2-containing films are extremely resistant and could sustain three successive culture sequences while remaining bioactive, thus confirming the important and protective effect of rhBMP-2 immobilization. These films may find applications in the local delivery of immobilized growth factors for tissue-engineered constructs and for metallic biomaterial surfaces, as they can be deposited on a wide range of substrates with different shapes, sizes, and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Crouzier
- UMR 5235 Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques CNRS, Université Montpellier II et I cc 107, Montpellier, France
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162
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Abstract
Bioelectrical neural interfaces provide a means of recording the activity from the nervous system and delivering therapeutic stimulation to restore neurological function lost during disease or injury. Although neural interfaces have reached clinical utility, reducing the size of the bioelectrical interface to minimize damage to neural tissue and maximize selectivity has proven problematic. Nanotechnology may offer a means of interfacing with the nervous system with unprecedented specificity. Emergent applications of nanotechnology to neuroscience include molecular imaging, drug delivery across the BBB, scaffolds for neural regeneration and bioelectrical interfaces. In particular, carbon nanotubes offer the promises of material stability and low electrical impedance at physical dimensions that could have a significant impact on the future on neural interfaces. The purpose of this review is to present recent advances in carbon nanotube-based bioelectrical interfaces for the nervous system and discuss research challenges and opportunities.
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163
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Cuddihy MJ, Kotov NA. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) bone scaffolds with inverted colloidal crystal geometry. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 14:1639-49. [PMID: 18491955 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2007.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Controllability of scaffold architecture is essential to meet specific criteria for bone tissue engineering implants, including adequate porosity, interconnectivity, and mechanical properties to promote bone growth. Many current scaffold manufacturing techniques induce random porosity in bulk materials, requiring high porosities (>95%) to guarantee complete interconnectivity, but the high porosity sacrifices mechanical properties. Additionally, the stochastic arrangement of pores causes scaffold-to-scaffold variation. Here, we introduce a biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffold with an inverted colloidal crystal (ICC) structure that provides a highly ordered arrangement of identical spherical cavities. Colloidal crystals (CCs) were constructed with soda lime beads of 100-, 200-, and 330-mum diameters. After the CCs were annealed, they were infiltrated with 85:15 PLGA. The method of construction and highly ordered structure allowed for ease of control over cavity and interconnecting channel diameters and for full interconnectivity at lower porosities. The scaffolds demonstrated high mechanical properties for PLGA alone (>50 MPa), in vitro biocompatibility, and maintenance of osteoblast phenotype, making them promising for a highly controllable bone tissue engineering scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan J Cuddihy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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164
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Wang S, Wang H, Jiao J, Chen KJ, Owens GE, Kamei KI, Sun J, Sherman DJ, Behrenbruch CP, Wu H, Tseng HR. Three-dimensional nanostructured substrates toward efficient capture of circulating tumor cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:8970-3. [PMID: 19847834 PMCID: PMC2878179 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200901668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shutao Wang
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), Institute for Molecular Medicine (IMED), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, (USA)
| | - Hao Wang
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), Institute for Molecular Medicine (IMED), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, (USA)
| | - Jing Jiao
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), Institute for Molecular Medicine (IMED), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, (USA)
| | - Kuan-Ju Chen
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), Institute for Molecular Medicine (IMED), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, (USA)
| | - Gwen E. Owens
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), Institute for Molecular Medicine (IMED), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, (USA)
| | - Ken-ichiro Kamei
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), Institute for Molecular Medicine (IMED), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, (USA)
| | - Jing Sun
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), Institute for Molecular Medicine (IMED), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, (USA)
| | - David J. Sherman
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), Institute for Molecular Medicine (IMED), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, (USA)
| | - Christian P. Behrenbruch
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), Institute for Molecular Medicine (IMED), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, (USA)
| | - Hong Wu
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), Institute for Molecular Medicine (IMED), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, (USA)
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), Institute for Molecular Medicine (IMED), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, (USA)
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165
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TERADA M, ABE S, AKASAKA T, UO M, KITAGAWA Y, WATARI F. Development of a multiwalled carbon nanotube coated collagen dish. Dent Mater J 2009; 28:82-8. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.28.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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166
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Lee W, Parpura V. Carbon nanotubes as substrates/scaffolds for neural cell growth. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2009; 180:110-25. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)80006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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167
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Holy J, Perkins E, Yu X. Differentiation of pluripotent stem cells on multiwalled carbon nanotubes. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2009; 2009:6022-6025. [PMID: 19964415 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2009.5333699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper studies the adhesion, growth, and differentiation of stem cells on carbon nanotube matrices. Glass coverslips were coated with multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) thin films using layer-by-layer self-assembling techniques. Pluripotent P19 mouse embryonal carcinoma stem cells were seeded onto uncoated or MWNT-coated coverslips, and either maintained in an undifferentiated state or induced to differentiate by the addition of retinoic acid. We found that cell adhesion was increased on the MWNT-coated surfaces, and that the expression patterns of some differentiation markers were altered in cells grown on MWNTs. The results suggest that MWNTs will be useful in directing pluripotent stem cell differentiation for tissue engineering purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Holy
- Department of Anatomy, Microbiology and Pathology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine-Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.
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168
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Shim BS, Chen W, Doty C, Xu C, Kotov NA. Smart electronic yarns and wearable fabrics for human biomonitoring made by carbon nanotube coating with polyelectrolytes. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:4151-7. [PMID: 19367926 DOI: 10.1021/nl801495p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The idea of electronic yarns and textiles has appeared for quite some time, but their properties often do not meet practical expectations. In addition to chemicallmechanical durability and high electrical conductivity, important materials qualifications include weavablity, wearability, light weight, and "smart" functionalities. Here we demonstrate a simple process of transforming general commodity cotton threads into intelligent e-textiles using a polyelectrolyte-based coating with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Efficient charge transport through the network of nanotubes (20 omega/cm) and the possibility to engineer tunneling junctions make them promising materials for many high-knowledge-content garments. Along with integrated humidity sensing, we demonstrate that CNT-cotton threads can be used to detect albumin, the key protein of blood, with high sensitivity and selectivity. Notwithstanding future challenges, these proof-of-concept demonstrations provide a direct pathway for the application of these materials as wearable biomonitoring and telemedicine sensors, which are simple, sensitive, selective, and versatile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Sup Shim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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169
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Ariga K, Hill JP, Ji Q. Biomaterials and Biofunctionality in Layered Macromolecular Assemblies. Macromol Biosci 2008; 8:981-90. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200800102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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170
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Wu S, Liu X, Hu T, Chu PK, Ho JPY, Chan YL, Yeung KWK, Chu CL, Hung TF, Huo KF, Chung CY, Lu WW, Cheung KMC, Luk KDK. A biomimetic hierarchical scaffold: natural growth of nanotitanates on three-dimensional microporous Ti-based metals. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:3803-3808. [PMID: 18950232 DOI: 10.1021/nl802145n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanophase materials are promising alternative implant materials in tissue engineering. Here we report for the first time the large-scale direct growth of nanostructured bioactive titanates on three-dimensional (3D) microporous Ti-based metal (NiTi and Ti) scaffolds via a facile low temperature hydrothermal treatment. The nanostructured titanates show characteristics of 1D nanobelts/nanowires on a nanoskeleton layer. Besides resembling cancelous bone structure on the micro/macroscale, the 1D nanostructured titanate on the exposed surface is similar to the lowest level of hierarchical organization of collagen and hydroxyapatite. The resulting surface displays superhydrophilicity and favors deposition of hydroxyapatite and accelerates cell attachment and proliferation. The remarkable simplicity of this process makes it widely accessible as an enabling technique for applications from engineering materials treatment including energy-absorption materials and pollution-treatment materials to biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuilin Wu
- Department of Physics & Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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171
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Nanotechnology, nanotoxicology, and neuroscience. Prog Neurobiol 2008; 87:133-70. [PMID: 18926873 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2008.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Revised: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology, which deals with features as small as a 1 billionth of a meter, began to enter into mainstream physical sciences and engineering some 20 years ago. Recent applications of nanoscience include the use of nanoscale materials in electronics, catalysis, and biomedical research. Among these applications, strong interest has been shown to biological processes such as blood coagulation control and multimodal bioimaging, which has brought about a new and exciting research field called nanobiotechnology. Biotechnology, which itself also dates back approximately 30 years, involves the manipulation of macroscopic biological systems such as cells and mice in order to understand why and how molecular level mechanisms affect specific biological functions, e.g., the role of APP (amyloid precursor protein) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review aims (1) to introduce key concepts and materials from nanotechnology to a non-physical sciences community; (2) to introduce several state-of-the-art examples of current nanotechnology that were either constructed for use in biological systems or that can, in time, be utilized for biomedical research; (3) to provide recent excerpts in nanotoxicology and multifunctional nanoparticle systems (MFNPSs); and (4) to propose areas in neuroscience that may benefit from research at the interface of neurobiologically important systems and nanostructured materials.
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172
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Foldvari M, Bagonluri M. Carbon nanotubes as functional excipients for nanomedicines: II. Drug delivery and biocompatibility issues. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2008; 4:183-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Accepted: 04/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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173
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Lee J, Cuddihy MJ, Kotov NA. Three-dimensional cell culture matrices: state of the art. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2008; 14:61-86. [PMID: 18454635 DOI: 10.1089/teb.2007.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 693] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Traditional methods of cell growth and manipulation on 2-dimensional (2D) surfaces have been shown to be insufficient for new challenges of cell biology and biochemistry, as well as in pharmaceutical assays. Advances in materials chemistry, materials fabrication and processing technologies, and developmental biology have led to the design of 3D cell culture matrices that better represent the geometry, chemistry, and signaling environment of natural extracellular matrix. In this review, we present the status of state-of-the-art 3D cell-growth techniques and scaffolds and analyze them from the perspective of materials properties, manufacturing, and functionality. Particular emphasis was placed on tissue engineering and in vitro modeling of human organs, where we see exceptionally strong potential for 3D scaffolds and cell-growth methods. We also outline key challenges in this field and most likely directions for future development of 3D cell culture over the period of 5-10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwoo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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174
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Li D, Müller MB, Gilje S, Kaner RB, Wallace GG. Processable aqueous dispersions of graphene nanosheets. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 3:101-5. [PMID: 18654470 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2007.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4373] [Impact Index Per Article: 273.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Graphene sheets offer extraordinary electronic, thermal and mechanical properties and are expected to find a variety of applications. A prerequisite for exploiting most proposed applications for graphene is the availability of processable graphene sheets in large quantities. The direct dispersion of hydrophobic graphite or graphene sheets in water without the assistance of dispersing agents has generally been considered to be an insurmountable challenge. Here we report that chemically converted graphene sheets obtained from graphite can readily form stable aqueous colloids through electrostatic stabilization. This discovery has enabled us to develop a facile approach to large-scale production of aqueous graphene dispersions without the need for polymeric or surfactant stabilizers. Our findings make it possible to process graphene materials using low-cost solution processing techniques, opening up enormous opportunities to use this unique carbon nanostructure for many technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. ;
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175
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Khang D, Park GE, Webster TJ. Enhanced chondrocyte densities on carbon nanotube composites: The combined role of nanosurface roughness and electrical stimulation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 86:253-60. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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176
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Ariga K, Hill JP, Lee MV, Vinu A, Charvet R, Acharya S. Challenges and breakthroughs in recent research on self-assembly. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2008; 9:014109. [PMID: 27877935 PMCID: PMC5099804 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/9/1/014109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Revised: 05/13/2008] [Accepted: 02/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The controlled fabrication of nanometer-scale objects is without doubt one of the central issues in current science and technology. However, existing fabrication techniques suffer from several disadvantages including size-restrictions and a general paucity of applicable materials. Because of this, the development of alternative approaches based on supramolecular self-assembly processes is anticipated as a breakthrough methodology. This review article aims to comprehensively summarize the salient aspects of self-assembly through the introduction of the recent challenges and breakthroughs in three categories: (i) types of self-assembly in bulk media; (ii) types of components for self-assembly in bulk media; and (iii) self-assembly at interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- World Premier International (WPI), Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jonathan P Hill
- World Premier International (WPI), Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
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