151
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Deng G, Song X, Dereshgi SA, Xu H, Aydin K. Tunable multi-wavelength absorption in mid-IR region based on a hybrid patterned graphene-hBN structure. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:23576-23584. [PMID: 31510632 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.023576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a patterned graphene-hBN metamaterial structure and theoretically demonstrate the tunable multi-wavelength absorption within the hybrid structure. The simulation results show that the hybrid plasmon-phonon polariton modes originate from the coupling between plasmon polaritons in graphene and phonons in hBN, which are responsible for the triple-band absorption. By varying the Fermi level of graphene patterns, the absorption peaks can be tuned dynamically and continuously, and the surface plasmon-phonon polariton modes in the proposed structure enable high absorption and wideband tunability. In addition, how different structural parameters affect the absorption spectra is discussed. This work provides us a new method for the control and enhancement of plasmon-phonon polariton interactions.
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152
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Mao M, Liang Y, Liang R, Zhao L, Xu N, Guo J, Wang F, Meng H, Liu H, Wei Z. Dynamically Temperature-Voltage Controlled Multifunctional Device Based on VO 2 and Graphene Hybrid Metamaterials: Perfect Absorber and Highly Efficient Polarization Converter. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9081101. [PMID: 31374845 PMCID: PMC6723860 DOI: 10.3390/nano9081101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is a temperature phase change material that has metallic properties at high temperatures and insulation properties at room temperature. In this article, a novel device has been designed based on the dielectric metasurface consisting of VO2 and graphene array, which can achieve multiple functions by adjusting temperature and voltage. When the temperature is high (340 K), the device is in the absorption state and its absorptivity can be dynamically controlled by changing the temperature. On the other hand, the device is in the polarization state under room temperature, and the polarization of electromagnetic waves can be dynamically controlled by adjusting the voltage of graphene. This device can achieve a broadband absorber (the maximum absorptance reaches 99.415% at wavelengths ranging from 44 THz to 52 THz) and high polarization conversion efficiency (>99.89%) in the mid-infrared range, which has great advantages over other single-function devices. Our results demonstrate that this multifunctional device may have widespread applications in emitters, sensors, spatial light modulators, IR camouflages, and can be used in thermophotovoltaics and wireless communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Mao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yaoyao Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruisheng Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Faqiang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongyun Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongzhan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhongchao Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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153
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Ranjan P, Sahu TK, Bhushan R, Yamijala SS, Late DJ, Kumar P, Vinu A. Freestanding Borophene and Its Hybrids. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1900353. [PMID: 31044470 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201900353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Borophene, an elemental metallic Dirac material is predicted to have unprecedented mechanical and electronic character. Need of substrate and ultrahigh vacuum conditions for deposition of borophene restricts its large-scale applications and significantly hampers the advancement of research on borophene. Herein, a facile and large-scale synthesis of freestanding atomic sheets of borophene through a novel liquid-phase exfoliation and the reduction of borophene oxide is demonstrated. Electron microscopy confirms the presence of β12 , X3 , and their intermediate phases of borophene; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy, corroborated with density functional theory band structure calculations, validate the phase purity and the metallic nature. Borophene with excellent anchoring capabilities is used for sensing of light, gas, molecules, and strain. Hybrids of borophene as well as that of reduced borophene oxide with other 2D materials are synthesized, and the predicted superior performance in energy storage is explored. The specific capacity of borophene oxide is observed to be ≈4941 mAh g-1 , which significantly exceeds that of existing 2D materials and their hybrids. These freestanding borophene materials and their hybrids will create a huge breakthrough in the field of 2D materials and could help to develop future generations of devices and emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Ranjan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Bihar, 801106, India
| | - Tumesh Kumar Sahu
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Bihar, 801106, India
| | - Rebti Bhushan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Bihar, 801106, India
| | | | | | - Prashant Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Bihar, 801106, India
- Birck Nanotechnology Centre, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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154
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Iqbal MA, Cui M, Liaqat A, Faiz R, Hossain M, Wang X, Hussain S, Dang C, Liu H, Wen W, Wu J, Xie L. Organic charge transfer complexes on graphene with ultrahigh near infrared photogain. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:254003. [PMID: 30743254 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photodetectors have widespread applications in fields including telecommunications, thermal imaging and bio-medical imaging. The photogating effect, arising from charge trapping at defects and/or interfaces, can have extremely high photoelectric gain which can be a benefit to high-sensitivity room temperature photodetection. Here, we introduce thin layered organic charge transfer complexes (CPXs) integrated on graphene transistors for the development of hybrid phototransistors with ultra-high photoresponsivity of ∼106 A W-1 in the near infrared (NIR) region at room temperature. Our study has demonstrated a graphene-organic CPX with a broadband photoresponse ranging from the visible to the NIR region. The high photoelectric gain was from the photogating effect at the graphene/CPX interface. In addition, the photoresponse properties of the graphene-organic CPX can be regulated by electrical gating of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahsan Iqbal
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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155
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Mao Q, Feng C. Excitation and tuning of a dual graphene plasmonic wave based on a trapezoidal grating structure. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:4762-4770. [PMID: 31251299 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.004762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The independent excitation and tuning of a dual-band graphene plasmonic wave are realized in a hybrid structure that consists of two graphene monolayers placed above and below the trapezoidal grating. Because of the transparency of graphene in the mid-infrared range, the incident light can travel through the first graphene layer to be diffracted by the grating structure and couple its energy to both graphene layers. Numerical simulations are performed using the finite difference time domain method. Results show that the plasmon resonances corresponding to the two graphene monolayers are excited at 9.8 and 10.9 μm, which agrees well with the theoretical analysis. Because of the fast and efficient electrical tunability of graphene, the resonance wavelengths can be tuned individually by changing the chemical potential of the corresponding graphene. Furthermore, the effects of geometric parameters and the refractive index of the surrounding media are studied. The results show that the structure can achieve an optimal sensing coefficient at 0.4 and 0.5 eV for the top and bottom graphene plasmon resonances, respectively. The proposed structure provides an alternative option to engineer the proposed structure for sensing with high detection accuracy at mid-infrared wavelengths.
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156
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Lin L, Peng H, Liu Z. Synthesis challenges for graphene industry. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:520-524. [PMID: 31114064 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0341-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hailin Peng
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, China.
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157
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Li L, Liu W, Gao A, Zhao Y, Lu Q, Yu L, Wang J, Yu L, Shao L, Miao F, Shi Y, Xu Y, Wang X. Plasmon Excited Ultrahot Carriers and Negative Differential Photoresponse in a Vertical Graphene van der Waals Heterostructure. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:3295-3304. [PMID: 31025869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Photogenerated nonequilibrium hot carriers play a key role in graphene's intriguing optoelectronic properties. Compared to conventional photoexcitation, plasmon excitation can be engineered to enhance and control the generation and dynamics of hot carriers. Here, we report an unusual negative differential photoresponse of plasmon-induced "ultrahot" electrons in a graphene-boron nitride-graphene tunneling junction. We demonstrate nanocrescent gold plasmonic nanostructures that substantially enhance the absorption of long-wavelength photons whose energy is greatly below the tunneling barrier and significantly boost the electron thermalization in graphene. We further analyze the generation and transfer of ultrahot electrons under different bias and power conditions. We find that the competition among thermionic emission, the carrier-cooling effect, and the field effect results in a hitherto unusual negative differential photoresponse in the photocurrent-bias plot. Our results not only exemplify a promising platform for detecting low-energy photons, enhancing the photoresponse, and reducing the dark current but also reveal the critically coupled pathways for harvesting ultrahot carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Li
- Department of Information Science & Electronic Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Information Science & Electronic Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lei Shao
- Department of Physics , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong SAR China
| | | | | | - Yang Xu
- Department of Information Science & Electronic Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
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158
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Castilla S, Terrés B, Autore M, Viti L, Li J, Nikitin AY, Vangelidis I, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Lidorikis E, Vitiello MS, Hillenbrand R, Tielrooij KJ, Koppens FHL. Fast and Sensitive Terahertz Detection Using an Antenna-Integrated Graphene pn Junction. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:2765-2773. [PMID: 30882226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Although the detection of light at terahertz (THz) frequencies is important for a large range of applications, current detectors typically have several disadvantages in terms of sensitivity, speed, operating temperature, and spectral range. Here, we use graphene as a photoactive material to overcome all of these limitations in one device. We introduce a novel detector for terahertz radiation that exploits the photothermoelectric (PTE) effect, based on a design that employs a dual-gated, dipolar antenna with a gap of ∼100 nm. This narrow-gap antenna simultaneously creates a pn junction in a graphene channel located above the antenna and strongly concentrates the incoming radiation at this pn junction, where the photoresponse is created. We demonstrate that this novel detector has an excellent sensitivity, with a noise-equivalent power of 80 pW/[Formula: see text] at room temperature, a response time below 30 ns (setup-limited), a high dynamic range (linear power dependence over more than 3 orders of magnitude) and broadband operation (measured range 1.8-4.2 THz, antenna-limited), which fulfills a combination that is currently missing in the state-of-the-art detectors. Importantly, on the basis of the agreement we obtained between experiment, analytical model, and numerical simulations, we have reached a solid understanding of how the PTE effect gives rise to a THz-induced photoresponse, which is very valuable for further detector optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Castilla
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Castelldefels , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Bernat Terrés
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Castelldefels , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Marta Autore
- CIC NanoGUNE , Donostia-San Sebastian E-20018 , Spain
| | - Leonardo Viti
- NEST , CNR, Istituto Nanoscienze and Scuola Normale Superiore , Pisa 56127 , Italy
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Alexey Y Nikitin
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Donostia-San Sebastián E-20018 , Spain
- IKERBASQUE , Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Ioannis Vangelidis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Ioannina , Ioannina GR-45110 , Greece
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Advanced Materials Laboratory , National Institute for Materials Science , Tsukuba 305-0044 , Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Advanced Materials Laboratory , National Institute for Materials Science , Tsukuba 305-0044 , Japan
| | - Elefterios Lidorikis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Ioannina , Ioannina GR-45110 , Greece
| | - Miriam S Vitiello
- NEST , CNR, Istituto Nanoscienze and Scuola Normale Superiore , Pisa 56127 , Italy
| | - Rainer Hillenbrand
- CIC NanoGUNE , Donostia-San Sebastian E-20018 , Spain
- IKERBASQUE , Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Klaas-Jan Tielrooij
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Castelldefels , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Frank H L Koppens
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Castelldefels , Barcelona , Spain
- Institució Catalana de Reçerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA) , Barcelona 08010 , Spain
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159
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Rojalin T, Phong B, Koster HJ, Carney RP. Nanoplasmonic Approaches for Sensitive Detection and Molecular Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles. Front Chem 2019; 7:279. [PMID: 31134179 PMCID: PMC6514246 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
All cells release a multitude of nanoscale extracellular vesicles (nEVs) into circulation, offering immense potential for new diagnostic strategies. Yet, clinical translation for nEVs remains a challenge due to their vast heterogeneity, our insufficient ability to isolate subpopulations, and the low frequency of disease-associated nEVs in biofluids. The growing field of nanoplasmonics is poised to address many of these challenges. Innovative materials engineering approaches based on exploiting nanoplasmonic phenomena, i.e., the unique interaction of light with nanoscale metallic materials, can achieve unrivaled sensitivity, offering real-time analysis and new modes of medical and biological imaging. We begin with an introduction into the basic structure and function of nEVs before critically reviewing recent studies utilizing nanoplasmonic platforms to detect and characterize nEVs. For the major techniques considered, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), localized SPR, and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), we introduce and summarize the background theory before reviewing the studies applied to nEVs. Along the way, we consider notable aspects, limitations, and considerations needed to apply plasmonic technologies to nEV detection and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatu Rojalin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Brian Phong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Hanna J. Koster
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Randy P. Carney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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160
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Mehdi Keshavarz M, Alighanbari A. Terahertz refractive index sensor based on Tamm plasmon-polaritons with graphene. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:3604-3612. [PMID: 31044859 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.003604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel terahertz (THz) refractive index sensor based on Tamm plasmon-polaritons (TPPs), comprising a Bragg reflector and a graphene layer, is proposed. A semi-analytical transfer matrix method is used to study the proposed structure and its sensing performance. The sensor demonstrates a sensitivity of 0.744 THz per refractive index unit (THz/RIU), or equivalently, 175.5 μm/RIU, and a figure of merit of 10.33 RIU-1 at the operating frequency of 1.132 THz. The effects of structural parameters on the sensing performance are studied, offering new methods for improving TPP-based sensors. The proposed approach is a simple and practical alternative to traditional, and often more complex, THz sensing approaches, due to the ease of excitation, which lifts the requirement of phase and polarization-matching devices such as polarizers, prisms, and gratings. The proposed structure is studied for gas sensing, and its performance is compared with previous THz refractive index sensing structures.
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161
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Zhang ZY, Li DM, Zhang H, Wang W, Zhu YH, Zhang S, Zhang XP, Yi JM. Coexistence of two graphene-induced modulation effects on surface plasmons in hybrid graphene plasmonic nanostructures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:13503-13515. [PMID: 31052871 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.013503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Integrating gate-tunable graphene with plasmonic nanostructures or metamaterials offers a great potential in achieving dynamic control of plasmonic response. While remarkable progress has been made in realizing efficient graphene-induced modulations of plasmon resonances, a full picture of graphene-plasmon interactions and the consequent deep understanding on graphene-enabled tuning mechanism remain largely unexplored. Here, we theoretically identify, for the first time, two distinct modulation effects that can coexist in graphene-based plasmonic nanostructure: graphene can influence the plasmon resonances by either acting as equivalent nanocircuit elements or effectively altering their excitation environment, leading to totally different tuning behaviors. A general dependency of tuning features on the graphene-induced impedance, irrespective of structure geometries, is established when graphene serves as nanocircuit elements. We demonstrate that these two modulation effects can be dynamically controlled by appropriately integrating graphene with plasmonic nanostructures, which provide an active window for efficient modulation of surface plasmons. Our findings may pave the way towards realizing dynamic control of plasmonic response, which holds great potential applications in graphene-based active nanoplasmonic devices.
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162
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Chanana A, Lotfizadeh N, Condori Quispe HO, Gopalan P, Winger JR, Blair S, Nahata A, Deshpande VV, Scarpulla MA, Sensale-Rodriguez B. Manifestation of Kinetic Inductance in Terahertz Plasmon Resonances in Thin-Film Cd 3As 2. ACS NANO 2019; 13:4091-4100. [PMID: 30865427 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) semimetals have been predicted and demonstrated to have a wide variety of interesting properties associated with their linear energy dispersion. In analogy to two-dimensional (2D) Dirac semimetals, such as graphene, Cd3As2 has shown ultrahigh mobility and large Fermi velocity and has been hypothesized to support plasmons at terahertz frequencies. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate synthesis of high-quality large-area Cd3As2 thin films through thermal evaporation as well as the experimental realization of plasmonic structures consisting of periodic arrays of Cd3As2 stripes. These arrays exhibit sharp resonances at terahertz frequencies with associated quality factors ( Q) as high as ∼3.7 (at 0.82 THz). Such spectrally narrow resonances can be understood on the basis of a long momentum scattering time, which in our films can approach ∼1 ps at room temperature. Moreover, we demonstrate an ultrafast tunable response through excitation of photoinduced carriers in optical pump/terahertz probe experiments. Our results evidence that the intrinsic 3D nature of Cd3As2 might provide for a very robust platform for terahertz plasmonic applications. Moreover, the long momentum scattering time as well as large kinetic inductance in Cd3As2 also holds enormous potential for the redesign of passive elements such as inductors and hence can have a profound impact in the field of RF integrated circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Chanana
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , The University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | - Neda Lotfizadeh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , The University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | - Hugo O Condori Quispe
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , The University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | - Prashanth Gopalan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , The University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | - Joshua R Winger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , The University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | - Steve Blair
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , The University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | - Ajay Nahata
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , The University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | - Vikram V Deshpande
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , The University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | - Michael A Scarpulla
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , The University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , The University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | - Berardi Sensale-Rodriguez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , The University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
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163
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Sun Y, Wang Y, Zhang C, Chen S, Chang H, Guo N, Liu J, Jia Y, Wang L, Weng Y, Zhao W, Jiang K, Xiao L. Flexible Mid-Infrared Radiation Modulator with Multilayer Graphene Thin Film by Ionic Liquid Gating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:13538-13544. [PMID: 30896153 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrochromic devices with tunable infrared radiation can meet the steadily growing demands in energy saving and thermal camouflage applications. Here, a mid-infrared radiation modulator based on flexible multilayer graphene thin films gated by nonvolatile ionic liquid on both rigid and flexible substrates is designed. The thermal emissivity of the device decreases nearly 80% within 2 s with the accumulation of anions in the multilayer graphene. The effective reduction of the emissivity results from the dramatic decrease in film's intraband absorption of graphene according to the Drude model. It has been demonstrated that with electrical control the film's mid-infrared radiation is capable of adapting to different backgrounds for thermal camouflage applications. Moreover, a sandwiched structure with stacked graphene films is designed to realize structural flexibility and double-sided radiation control for a wide range of potential applications, including energy-efficient buildings, infrared sources, and electrochromic displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- Nanophotonics and Optoelectronics Research Center, Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology , China Academy of Space Technology , Beijing 100094 , China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Nanophotonics and Optoelectronics Research Center, Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology , China Academy of Space Technology , Beijing 100094 , China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Nanophotonics and Optoelectronics Research Center, Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology , China Academy of Space Technology , Beijing 100094 , China
| | - Sai Chen
- Nanophotonics and Optoelectronics Research Center, Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology , China Academy of Space Technology , Beijing 100094 , China
| | - Huicong Chang
- Nanophotonics and Optoelectronics Research Center, Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology , China Academy of Space Technology , Beijing 100094 , China
| | - Nan Guo
- Nanophotonics and Optoelectronics Research Center, Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology , China Academy of Space Technology , Beijing 100094 , China
| | - Junku Liu
- Nanophotonics and Optoelectronics Research Center, Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology , China Academy of Space Technology , Beijing 100094 , China
| | - Yi Jia
- Nanophotonics and Optoelectronics Research Center, Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology , China Academy of Space Technology , Beijing 100094 , China
| | - Lei Wang
- Nanophotonics and Optoelectronics Research Center, Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology , China Academy of Space Technology , Beijing 100094 , China
| | - Yudong Weng
- Nanophotonics and Optoelectronics Research Center, Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology , China Academy of Space Technology , Beijing 100094 , China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Kaili Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Nanophotonics and Optoelectronics Research Center, Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology , China Academy of Space Technology , Beijing 100094 , China
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164
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Lee IH, Yoo D, Avouris P, Low T, Oh SH. Graphene acoustic plasmon resonator for ultrasensitive infrared spectroscopy. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 14:313-319. [PMID: 30742134 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-019-0363-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
One of the fundamental hurdles in plasmonics is the trade-off between electromagnetic field confinement and the coupling efficiency with free-space light, a consequence of the large momentum mismatch between the excitation source and plasmonic modes. Acoustic plasmons in graphene, in particular, have an extreme level of field confinement, as well as an extreme momentum mismatch. Here, we show that this fundamental compromise can be overcome and demonstrate a graphene acoustic plasmon resonator with nearly perfect absorption (94%) of incident mid-infrared light. This high efficiency is achieved by utilizing a two-stage coupling scheme: free-space light coupled to conventional graphene plasmons, which then couple to ultraconfined acoustic plasmons. To realize this scheme, we transfer unpatterned large-area graphene onto template-stripped ultraflat metal ribbons. A monolithically integrated optical spacer and a reflector further boost the enhancement. We show that graphene acoustic plasmons allow ultrasensitive measurements of absorption bands and surface phonon modes in ångström-thick protein and SiO2 layers, respectively. Our acoustic plasmon resonator platform is scalable and can harness the ultimate level of light-matter interactions for potential applications including spectroscopy, sensing, metasurfaces and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Ho Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daehan Yoo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Phaedon Avouris
- IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tony Low
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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165
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Cai Y, Xu KD, Feng N, Guo R, Lin H, Zhu J. Anisotropic infrared plasmonic broadband absorber based on graphene-black phosphorus multilayers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:3101-3112. [PMID: 30732336 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.003101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials (2DMs) such as graphene and black phosphorus (BP) have aroused considerable attentions in the past few years. Engineering and enhancing their light-matter interaction is possible due to their support for localized surface plasmon resonances in the infrared regime. In this paper, we have proposed an infrared broadband absorber consisting of multilayer graphene-BP nanoparticles sandwiched between dielectric layers. Benefiting from the properties of graphene and BP, the absorber exhibits both perfect broadband responses and strong anisotropy beyond individual graphene and BP layers. The absorber is tunable with the variation of geometric parameters as well as the doping levels of graphene and BP. The physical insight is revealed by electric field distributions. Furthermore, the angular robustness for incident wave is investigated. The proposed anisotropic omnidirectional broadband absorber may have promising potential applications in various biosensing, communication and imaging systems.
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166
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Xia Y, Dai Y, Wang B, Chen A, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Guan F, Liu X, Shi L, Zi J. Polarization dependent plasmonic modes in elliptical graphene disk arrays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:1080-1089. [PMID: 30696179 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.001080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic modes at mid-infrared wavelengths in elliptical graphene disk arrays were studied. Theoretically, analytical expressions for the modes and their dependence on the size, Fermi energy and the permittivity of substrate materials of the ellipses were derived. Experimentally, the elliptical graphene disks were fabricated and their plasmonic modes were characterized with the polarization-resolved extinction spectra. Both experimental and analytical results show that two electrical dipole modes, whose dipole moments are orthogonal to each other and along the major and minor axis of the ellipse respectively, exist in the elliptical disks. By adjusting the polarization directions of the incident light, the two orthogonal plasmonic modes could be excited either together or separately, showing that the optical properties of elliptical graphene disks are highly polarization dependent. By using ultraviolet illumination to change the Fermi energy of the elliptical graphene disks, the two modes can be tuned dynamically. Moreover, the highly polarization dependent modes are able to couple with the surface phonons of the substrate, leading to polarized plasmon-phonon polaritons. Thus the elliptical graphene disks can provide more degrees of freedom to design the mid-infrared polarization-resolved photonic devices.
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167
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Lu M, Wang Y, Yao Z, Zhang C. Graphene surface plasmon off-axis superlens based on tilted one-dimensional Si/SiO 2 gratings. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:15-20. [PMID: 30645503 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Graphene surface plasmon (GSP) superlenses, induced from the negative refraction, have recently been demonstrated in various two-dimensional photonic crystal systems. However, inplane GSP superlenses have never been reported in a one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal system. Here, we propose a graphene-Si/SiO2 system, by transferring a graphene sheet on the tilted 1D subwavelength silicon/silica gratings. By discussing the dispersion relations of the inplane GSP in this system, the GSP negative refraction is found in the mid-infrared region. When the tilted angle, working wavelength, and Fermi level are set to be 60°, 11.22 μm, and 0.2 eV, respectively, the off-axis subwavelength focusing has the best resolution, and the full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the image is 0.0091λ (102.1 nm). Further, we investigate the effects of the Fermi level on the superlens frequency range, and the image's FWHM, the broadband, and the deep subwavelength superlens are achieved. The full-wave numerical simulations are conducted by the finite element method. Our findings can be applied to the manipulation of inplane GSP propagation and biological imaging.
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168
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Zhou J, Wang Y, Lu M, Ding J, Zhou L. Giant enhancement of tunable asymmetric transmission for circularly polarized waves in a double-layer graphene chiral metasurface. RSC Adv 2019; 9:33775-33780. [PMID: 35528893 PMCID: PMC9073710 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05760a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this letter, we propose a structure based on double-layer graphene-based planar chiral metasurface with a J-shaped pattern to generate asymmetric transmission for circularly polarized waves in the mid-infrared region. Asymmetric transmission of the double-layer structure can reach to 16.64%, which is much larger than that of the monolayer. The mechanism of asymmetric transmission is attributed to enantiomerically sensitive graphene's surface plasmons. Besides, asymmetric transmission can be dynamically tuned by changing the Fermi energy and is affected by intrinsic relaxation time. All simulations are conducted by the finite element method. Our findings provide a feasibility of realizing photonic devices in tunable polarization-dependent operation, such as asymmetric wave splitters and circulators. In this paper, we propose a structure based on double-layer graphene-based planar chiral metasurface with J-shaped pattern to generate asymmetric transmission, which can reach to 16.64%.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhou
- Optical Information Science and Technology Department
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology Research Center
| | - Yueke Wang
- Optical Information Science and Technology Department
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology Research Center
| | - Mengjia Lu
- Optical Information Science and Technology Department
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology Research Center
| | - Jian Ding
- Optical Information Science and Technology Department
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology Research Center
| | - Lei Zhou
- Optical Information Science and Technology Department
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology Research Center
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169
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Guo C, Zhang J, Xu W, Liu K, Yuan X, Qin S, Zhu Z. Graphene-Based Perfect Absorption Structures in the Visible to Terahertz Band and Their Optoelectronics Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8121033. [PMID: 30545038 PMCID: PMC6316068 DOI: 10.3390/nano8121033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Graphene has unique properties which make it an ideal material for photonic and optoelectronic devices. However, the low light absorption in monolayer graphene seriously limits its practical applications. In order to greatly enhance the light absorption of graphene, many graphene-based structures have been developed to achieve perfect absorption of incident waves. In this review, we discuss and analyze various types of graphene-based perfect absorption structures in the visible to terahertz band. In particular, we review recent advances and optoelectronic applications of such structures. Indeed, the graphene-based perfect absorption structures offer the promise of solving the key problem which limits the applications of graphene in practical optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chucai Guo
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Ken Liu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Xiaodong Yuan
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Shiqiao Qin
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
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170
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Chen Z, Chen X, Tao L, Chen K, Long M, Liu X, Yan K, Stantchev RI, Pickwell-MacPherson E, Xu JB. Graphene controlled Brewster angle device for ultra broadband terahertz modulation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4909. [PMID: 30464172 PMCID: PMC6249283 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Terahertz modulators with high tunability of both intensity and phase are essential for effective control of electromagnetic properties. Due to the underlying physics behind existing approaches there is still a lack of broadband devices able to achieve deep modulation. Here, we demonstrate the effect of tunable Brewster angle controlled by graphene, and develop a highly-tunable solid-state graphene/quartz modulator based on this mechanism. The Brewster angle of the device can be tuned by varying the conductivity of the graphene through an electrical gate. In this way, we achieve near perfect intensity modulation with spectrally flat modulation depth of 99.3 to 99.9 percent and phase tunability of up to 140 degree in the frequency range from 0.5 to 1.6 THz. Different from using electromagnetic resonance effects (for example, metamaterials), this principle ensures that our device can operate in ultra-broadband. Thus it is an effective principle for terahertz modulation. Low-dimensional materials show promise for applications in imaging, spectroscopy and ultra-broadband communications. Here, the authors report an effect of Brewster angle control at graphene-quartz interface for applications in terahertz modulation over a broadband range from 0.5 to 1.6 THz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hongkong, 999077, China
| | - Xuequan Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hongkong, 999077, China
| | - Li Tao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hongkong, 999077, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hongkong, 999077, China
| | - Mingzhu Long
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hongkong, 999077, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hongkong, 999077, China
| | - Keyou Yan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hongkong, 999077, China
| | - Rayko I Stantchev
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hongkong, 999077, China
| | - Emma Pickwell-MacPherson
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hongkong, 999077, China. .,Physics Department, Warwick University, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Jian-Bin Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hongkong, 999077, China.
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171
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Zhang Y, Meng D, Li X, Yu H, Lai J, Fan Z, Chen C. Significantly enhanced infrared absorption of graphene photodetector under surface-plasmonic coupling and polariton interference. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:30862-30872. [PMID: 30469978 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.030862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present a graphene-based long-wavelength infrared photodetector, for enhancing the infrared absorption of which the design consists of magnetic- and electric-plasmon resonators of metasurface to excite the graphene surface-plasmonic polaritons (SPPs). Through tuning the graphene Fermi energy to achieve the distinct resonances in a matching frequency, peak graphene absorbance exceeding 67.2% is confirmed, even when a lossy dielectric is used, and the field angle of view is up to 90°. If the graphene is of a different carrier mobility, then the absorption frequency is lockable, and the device always can keep the system absorbance close to 100 percent. The significantly enhanced graphene absorbance, up to ~29-fold that of a suspended graphene (general 2.3%), is attributed to the surface-plasmonic coupling between the magnetic and the electric resonances, as well as Fabry-Pérot interference of the coherent SPPs. The plasmonic cavity-mode model and equivalent-circuit method developed in this study will also be useful in guiding other optoelectronic device design.
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172
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Ren J, Wang G, Qiu W, Chen H, Qiu P, Kan Q, Pan JQ. A flexible control on electromagnetic behaviors of graphene oligomer by tuning chemical potential. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:349. [PMID: 30392036 PMCID: PMC6215537 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2762-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate that the electromagnetic properties of graphene oligomer can be drastically modified by locally modifications of the chemical potentials. The chemical potential variations of different positions in graphene oligomer have different impacts on both extinction spectra and electromagnetic fields. The flexible tailoring of the localizations of the electromagnetic fields can be achieved by precisely adjusting the chemical potentials of the graphene nanodisks at corresponding positions. The proposed nanostructures in this work lead to the practical applications of graphene-based plasmonic devices such as nanosensing, light trapping and photodetection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Ren
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021 China
| | - Guangqing Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021 China
| | - Weibin Qiu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021 China
| | - Houbo Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021 China
| | - Pingping Qiu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021 China
| | - Qiang Kan
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100086 China
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100086 China
| | - Jiao-Qing Pan
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100086 China
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100086 China
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173
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Liu Y, Gong T, Zheng Y, Wang X, Xu J, Ai Q, Guo J, Huang W, Zhou S, Liu Z, Lin Y, Ren TL, Yu B. Ultra-sensitive and plasmon-tunable graphene photodetectors for micro-spectrometry. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:20013-20019. [PMID: 30351316 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04996c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an ultra-sensitive photodetector based on a graphene/monolayer MoS2 vertical heterostructure working at room temperature. Highly confined plasmon waves are efficiently excited through a periodic array of monolayer graphene ribbons in which plasmon resonance has remarkably large oscillator strength, resulting in a sharp optical absorption peak in the normal-incidence transmission spectrum. A significant amount of electron-hole pairs are produced in graphene ribbons by optical absorption, separated by the built-in electric field across the graphene/MoS2 heterojunction. The responsivity reaches up to 1 × 107 A W-1 at room temperature due to very strong resonance in the heterostructure, yielding a highly sensitive graphene-based photodetector. Additionally, the absorption can be tuned over a wide spectral range (6-16 μm) by varying gate biasing. The ultra-sensitive, spectrally tunable photodetector could be potentially used as a promising candidate for mid-infrared micro-spectrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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174
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Huang L, Hu G, Deng C, Zhu Y, Yun B, Zhang R, Cui Y. Realization of mid-infrared broadband absorption in monolayer graphene based on strong coupling between graphene nanoribbons and metal tapered grooves. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:29192-29202. [PMID: 30470085 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.029192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we theoretically propose an effective broadband absorption architecture in mid-infrared region based on strong coupling between the plasmonic resonance of graphene nanoribbons and the waveguide mode of a metal tapered groove. The special architecture facilitates two new hybrid modes splitting with very strong energy distribution on graphene ribbon, which results in the broadband absorption effect. To well explain these numerical results, an analytical dispersion relation of waveguide mode is obtained based on the classical LC circuit model. The fluctuating range of absorption passband is investigated by adjusting the filled medium inside of the grooves. Leveraging the concept and method, a broadband flat-top (bandwidth ≈2.5 µm) absorption with absorption rate over 60% is demonstrated. Such a design not only enhances the intrinsic weak plasmons resonance in mid-infrared spectral region, but also reduces the absorption fluctuations caused by coupling, which are the key features for developing next-generation mid-infrared broadband optical devices.
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175
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Feng X, Zou J, Xu W, Zhu Z, Yuan X, Zhang J, Qin S. Coherent perfect absorption and asymmetric interferometric light-light control in graphene with resonant dielectric nanostructures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:29183-29191. [PMID: 30470084 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.029183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Engineering light absorption in graphene has been the focus of intensive research in the past few years. In this paper, we show numerically that coherent perfect absorption can be realized in monolayer graphene in the near infrared range by harnessing resonances of dielectric nanostructures. The asymmetry of the structure results in different optical responses for light illuminated from the top side and the substrate side and enables asymmetric interferometric light-light control. The absorbed and scattered light exhibit interesting nonlinear behavior, allowing switching a strong optical signal output with a weak light. This work may stimulate potential applications including new types of sensors, coherent photodetectors and all-optical logical devices.
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176
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Fang W, Li GX, Yang Y. Controllable radiation properties of a driven exciton-biexciton quantum dot couples to a graphene sheet. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:29561-29587. [PMID: 30470118 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.029561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the radiation properties of a driven exciton-biexciton structure quantum dot placed close to a graphene sheet. The study of the Purcell factor then demonstrates the tunability of light-matter coupling, which in turn provides the possibility to control the steady-state populations. As the result, dipole transitions can be selectively enhanced and asymmetry in the resonance fluorescence can be observed. Meanwhile, both quadratures can exhibit two-mode squeezing at the Rabi sideband frequencies. A further study shows that although the increase in the environment temperature has a destructive influence on the population imbalance, squeezing occurs even at room temperature. Due to the flexibility in controlling the resonance fluorescence spectrum and producing two-mode squeezed states, our proposal would have potential applications in quantum information and other quantum research fields.
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177
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Ye L, Zeng F, Zhang Y, Xu X, Yang X, Liu QH. Frequency-Reconfigurable Wide-Angle Terahertz Absorbers Using Single- and Double-Layer Decussate Graphene Ribbon Arrays. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E834. [PMID: 30322199 PMCID: PMC6215309 DOI: 10.3390/nano8100834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We propose and numerically demonstrate two novel terahertz absorbers made up of periodic single- and double-layer decussate graphene ribbon arrays. The simulated results show that the proposed absorbers have narrowband near-unity terahertz absorption with ultra-wide frequency reconfiguration and angular stability. By tuning the Fermi level of graphene ribbons, the over 90% absorbance peak frequency of the absorber with single-layer graphene structure can be flexibly adjusted from 6.85 to 9.85 THz for both the transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) polarizations. This absorber with single-layer graphene demonstrates excellent angular stability with the absorbance peaks of the reconfigurable absorption bands remaining over 99.8% in a wide angle of incidence ranging from 0 to 70°. The tuning frequency can be significantly enhanced by using the absorber with double-layer graphene structure from 5.50 to 11.28 THz and 5.62 to 10.65 THz, approaching two octaves under TM and TE polarizations, respectively. The absorbance peaks of the reconfigurable absorption band of this absorber for both polarizations maintain over 70%, even at a large angle of incidence up to 70°. Furthermore, an analytical fitting model is also proposed to accurately predict the absorbance peak frequencies for this variety of absorbers. Benefitting from these attractive properties, the proposed absorber may have great potential applications in tunable terahertz trapping, detecting, sensing, and various terahertz optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfang Ye
- Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Fang Zeng
- Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- EHF Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Xiong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Qing Huo Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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178
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Yang J, Du W, Su Y, Fu Y, Gong S, He S, Ma Y. Observing of the super-Planckian near-field thermal radiation between graphene sheets. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4033. [PMID: 30279411 PMCID: PMC6168489 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal radiation can be substantially enhanced in the near-field scenario due to the tunneling of evanescent waves. Monolayer graphene could play a vital role in this process owing to its strong infrared plasmonic response, however, which still lacks an experimental verification due to the technical challenges. Here, we manage to make a direct measurement about plasmon-mediated thermal radiation between two macroscopic graphene sheets using a custom-made setup. Super-Planckian radiation with efficiency 4.5 times larger than the blackbody limit is observed at a 430-nm vacuum gap on insulating silicon hosting substrates. The positive role of graphene plasmons is further confirmed on conductive silicon substrates which have strong infrared loss and thermal emittance. Based on these, a thermophotovoltaic cell made of the graphene–silicon heterostructure is lastly discussed. The current work validates the classic thermodynamical theory in treating graphene and also paves a way to pursue the application of near-field thermal management. Though monolayer graphene has the potential to be used in near-field thermal management applications, no experimental verification has been provided to date. Here, the authors directly measure plasmon-enhanced near-field heat transfer between graphene sheets on intrinsic silicon substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Yang
- State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Du
- State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yishu Su
- State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yang Fu
- State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shaoxiang Gong
- State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sailing He
- State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yungui Ma
- State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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179
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Kim S, Kim JM, Park JE, Nam JM. Nonnoble-Metal-Based Plasmonic Nanomaterials: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1704528. [PMID: 29572964 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The application scope of plasmonic nanostructures is rapidly expanding to keep pace with the ongoing development of various scientific findings and emerging technologies. However, most plasmonic nanostructures heavily depend on rare, expensive, and extensively studied noble metals such as Au and Ag, with the limited choice of elements hindering their broad and practical applications in a wide spectral range. Therefore, abundant and inexpensive nonnoble metals have attracted attention as new plasmonic nanomaterial components, allowing these nonnoble-metal-based materials to be used in areas such as photocatalysis, sensing, nanoantennas, metamaterials, and magnetoplasmonics with new compositions, structures, and properties. Furthermore, the use of nonnoble metal hybrids results in newly emerging or synergistic properties not observed from single-metal component systems. Here, the synthetic strategies and recent advances in nonnoble-metal-based plasmonic nanostructures comprising Cu, Al, Mg, In, Ga, Pb, Ni, Co, Fe, and related hybrids are highlighted, and a discussion and perspectives in their synthesis, properties, applications, and challenges are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungi Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jae-Myoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jwa-Min Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
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180
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Huang X, He W, Yang F, Ran J, Gao B, Zhang WL. Polarization-independent and angle-insensitive broadband absorber with a target-patterned graphene layer in the terahertz regime. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:25558-25566. [PMID: 30469656 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.025558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We propose a broadband tunable metamaterial absorber with near-unity absorption in the terahertz regime based on a target-patterned graphene sheet. Due to gradient diameter modulation of the graphene sheet and circular symmetry of the unit cell, broadband and polarization-independent properties are achieved in the absorber. A full-wave numerical simulation is performed, and the results show that the absorber's bandwidth of 90% terahertz absorption reaches 1.57 THz with a central frequency of 1.83 THz under normal incidence. At oblique incidence, the broadband absorption of the absorber remains more than 75% over a wide incidence angles up to 60°for the transverse electric (TE) mode and 75°for the transverse magnetic (TM) mode. Furthermore, tunable property is implemented and the peak absorption of the absorber can be tuned from 19% to near 100% by changing the Fermi energy of the graphene sheet from 0 to 0.9 eV via electrostatic doping. The absorber is scalable to the infrared and visible frequencies, which could be used as tunable sensors, filters and photovoltaic devices.
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181
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Li J, Yang R. Reconfigurable free-form graphene camouflage metasurfaces. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:4631-4634. [PMID: 30272700 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.004631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Becoming invisible is basically playing with the reflection spectra, where we can either rebuild the original propagating ray traces to cloak an object as if it never existed, or alternatively, conceal the reflected beams by perfectly absorbing all the incidences. In this Letter, a graphene based camouflage metasurface is proposed to carpet the randomly distributed metallic blocks on the ground. We show that the reflected traces could be reconstructed efficiently into the desired directions from any shape of graphene based metasurface simply by tuning the Fermi energy of the graphene patches. Meanwhile, the intensity of the reflections can also be disguised into the background spectra with the consideration of the inevitable reduced energy reflecting from the ground with lossy compositions or disordered scattering fields from uneven surfaces. Our approach of designing the graphene based metasurface coating is versatile for reconfigurable free-form camouflage under illumination from different incident angles and also demonstrates the possibility of creating diffuse reflections to escape detection.
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182
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Jiang X, Cai W, Luo W, Xiang Y, Zhang N, Ren M, Zhang X, Xu J. Near-field imaging of graphene triangles patterned by helium ion lithography. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:385205. [PMID: 29968574 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aad0b4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasmon nanoresonators in graphene have many applications in biosensing, photodetectors and modulators. As a result, an efficient and precise patterning technique for graphene is required. Helium ion lithography (HIL) emerges as a promising tool for direct writing fabrication because it owns improved fabrication precision compared to electron beam lithography and conventional gallium focused ion beam technique. In this paper, utilizing HIL, a set of graphene triangles are patterned and excellent plasmon response is detected. Particularly, the evolution of breathing mode in these structures is unveiled by scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy. Besides, the plasmon response of graphene structures can be efficiently tuned by adjusting the irradiated ion dose during the etching process, which can be explained by the phenomenal simulation model. Our work demonstrates that HIL is a feasible way for precise plasmonic nanostructure fabrication, and can be applied to graphene plasmon control at the nanoscale as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
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183
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Tunable Control of Mie Resonances Based on Hybrid VO2 and Dielectric Metamaterial. Symmetry (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/sym10100423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a tunable dielectric metamaterial absorber with temperature-based vanadium dioxide (VO2) is proposed. In contrast to previous studies, both the metal phase of VO2 and the semiconductor phase are applied to manipulate the Mie resonant modes in the dielectric cubes. By embedding VO2 in the main resonant structure, the control over Mie resonant modes in dielectric metamaterials is realized. Each resonant mode is analyzed through field distribution and explains why the phase switch of VO2 could affect the absorbance spectrum. This use of tunable materials could create another new methodology for the manipulation of the Mie resonance-based dielectric cubes and make them closer in essence to isotropic metamaterials.
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184
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Gopalan KK, Paulillo B, Mackenzie DMA, Rodrigo D, Bareza N, Whelan PR, Shivayogimath A, Pruneri V. Scalable and Tunable Periodic Graphene Nanohole Arrays for Mid-Infrared Plasmonics. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:5913-5918. [PMID: 30114919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite its great potential for a wide variety of devices, especially mid-infrared biosensors and photodetectors, graphene plasmonics is still confined to academic research. A major reason is the fact that, so far, expensive and low-throughput lithography techniques are needed to fabricate graphene nanostructures. Here, we report for the first time a detailed experimental study on electrostatically tunable graphene nanohole array surfaces with periods down to 100 nm, showing clear plasmonic response in the range ∼1300-1600 cm-1, which can be fabricated by a scalable nanoimprint technique. Such large area plasmonic nanostructures are suitable for industrial applications, for example, surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) sensing, as they combine easy design, extreme field confinement, and the possibility to excite multiple plasmon modes enabling multiband sensing, a feature not readily available in nanoribbons or other localized resonant structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha K Gopalan
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Castelldefels , Spain
| | - Bruno Paulillo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Castelldefels , Spain
| | - David M A Mackenzie
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG) , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology (DTU Nanotech) , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Daniel Rodrigo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Castelldefels , Spain
| | - Nestor Bareza
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Castelldefels , Spain
| | - Patrick R Whelan
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG) , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Abhay Shivayogimath
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG) , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Valerio Pruneri
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Castelldefels , Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis , Avançats Passeig Lluís Companys, 23 , 08010 Barcelona , Spain
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185
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Bietti S, Basset FB, Scarpellini D, Fedorov A, Ballabio A, Esposito L, Elborg M, Kuroda T, Nemcsics Á, Tóth L, Manzoni C, Vozzi C, Sanguinetti S. Ga metal nanoparticle-GaAs quantum molecule complexes for terahertz generation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:365602. [PMID: 29911655 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aacd20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid metal-semiconductor nanosystem for the generation of THz radiation, based on the fabrication of GaAs quantum molecules-Ga metal nanoparticles complexes through a self assembly approach, is proposed. The role of the growth parameters, the substrate temperature, the Ga and As flux during the quantum dot molecule (QDM) fabrication and the metal nanoparticle alignment are discussed. The tuning of the relative positioning of QDMs and metal nanoparticles is obtained through the careful control of Ga droplet nucleation sites via Ga surface diffusion. The electronic structure of a typical QDM was evaluated on the base of the morphological characterizations performed by atomic force microscopy and cross sectional scanning electron microscopy, and the predicted results confirmed by micro-photoluminescence experiments, showing that the Ga metal nanoparticle-GaAs quantum molecule complexes are suitable for terahertz generation from intraband transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Bietti
- L-NESS and Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, via Cozzi 53, I-20125 Milano, Italy
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186
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El-Demellawi JK, Lopatin S, Yin J, Mohammed OF, Alshareef HN. Tunable Multipolar Surface Plasmons in 2D Ti 3C 2 T x MXene Flakes. ACS NANO 2018; 12:8485-8493. [PMID: 30020767 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b04029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
2D Ti3C2 T x MXenes were recently shown to exhibit intense surface plasmon (SP) excitations; however, their spatial variation over individual Ti3C2 T x flakes remains undiscovered. Here, we use scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) combined with ultra-high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) to investigate the spatial and energy distribution of SPs (both optically active and forbidden modes) in mono- and multilayered Ti3C2 T x flakes. With STEM-EELS mapping, the inherent interband transition in addition to a variety of transversal and longitudinal SP modes (ranging from visible down to 0.1 eV in MIR) are directly visualized and correlated with the shape, size, and thickness of Ti3C2 T x flakes. The independent polarizability of Ti3C2 T x monolayers is unambiguously demonstrated and attributed to their unusual weak interlayer coupling. This characteristic allows for engineering a class of nanoscale systems, where each monolayer in the multilayered structure of Ti3C2 T x has its own set of SPs with distinctive multipolar characters. Moreover, the tunability of the SP energies is highlighted by conducting in situ heating STEM to monitor the change of the surface functionalization of Ti3C2 T x through annealing at temperatures up to 900 °C. At temperatures above 500 °C, the observed fluorine (F) desorption multiplies the metal-like free electron density of Ti3C2 T x flakes, resulting in a monotonic blue-shift in the SP energy of all modes. These results underline the great potential for the development of Ti3C2 T x-based applications, spanning the visible-MIR spectrum, relying on the excitation and detection of single SPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehad K El-Demellawi
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC) , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sergei Lopatin
- Core Laboratories , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jun Yin
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC) , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar F Mohammed
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC) , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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187
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Lee KR, Jang SH, Jung I. Acoustic performance of dual-electrode electrostatic sound generators based on CVD graphene on polyimide film. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:325502. [PMID: 29786618 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aac6ae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the acoustic performance of electrostatic sound-generating devices consisting of bi-layer graphene on polyimide film. The total sound pressure level (SPL) of the sound generated from the devices was measured as a function of source frequency by sweeping, and frequency spectra were measured at 1/3 octave band frequencies. The relationship between various operation conditions and total SPL was determined. In addition, the effects of changing voltage level, adding a DC offset, and using two pairs of electrodes were evaluated. It should be noted that two pairs of electrode operations improved sound generation by about 10 dB over all frequency ranges compared with conventional operation. As for the sound-generating capability, total SPL was 70 dBA at 4 kHz when an AC voltage of 100 Vpp was applied with a DC offset of 100 V. Acoustic characteristics differed from other types of graphene-based sound generators, such as graphene thermoacoustic devices and graphene polyvinylidene fluoride devices. The effects of diameter and distance between electrodes were also studied, and we found that diameter greatly influenced the frequency response. We anticipate that the design information provided in this paper, in addition to describing key parameters of electrostatic sound-generating devices, will facilitate the commercial development of electrostatic sound-generating systems.
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188
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Xu X, Shi B, Zhang X, Liu Y, Cai W, Ren M, Jiang X, Rupp RA, Wu Q, Xu J. Laser direct writing of graphene nanostructures beyond the diffraction limit by graphene oxidation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:20726-20734. [PMID: 30119378 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.020726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication ability of graphene nanostructures is the cornerstone of graphene-based devices, which are of particular interest because of their broad optical response and gate-tunable properties. Here, via laser-induced redox reaction of graphene and silica, we fabricate nano-scale graphene structures by femtosecond laser direct writing. The resolution of destructed graphene lines is far beyond the diffraction limit up to 100 nm with a precision as small as ± 7 nm. Consequently, graphene nanostructures are fabricated precisely and excellent plasmon responses are detected. This novel fabrication method of graphene nanostructures has the advantages of low costs, high efficiency, maskless and especially high precision, which would pave the way for practical application of graphene-based optical and electronic devices.
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189
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Hu H, Guo X, Hu D, Sun Z, Yang X, Dai Q. Flexible and Electrically Tunable Plasmons in Graphene-Mica Heterostructures. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800175. [PMID: 30128236 PMCID: PMC6096988 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Flexible plasmonic devices with electrical tunability are of great interest for diverse applications, such as flexible metamaterials, waveguide transformation optics, and wearable sensors. However, the traditional flexible metal-polymer plasmonic structures suffer from a lack of electrical tunability. Here the first flexible, electrically tunable, and strain-independent plasmons based on graphene-mica heterostructures are experimentally demonstrated. The resonance frequency, strength, quality factor, electrical tunability, and lifetime of graphene plasmons exhibit no visible change at bending radius down to 1 mm and after 1000 bending cycles at a radius of 3 mm. The plasmon-enhanced infrared spectroscopy detection of chemicals is also demonstrated to be unaffected in the flexible graphene-mica heterostructures. The results provide the basis for the design of flexible active nanophotonic devices such as plasmonic waveguides, resonators, sensors, and modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Hu
- Division of NanophotonicsCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Xiangdong Guo
- Division of NanophotonicsCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Debo Hu
- Division of NanophotonicsCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Electronics and NanoengineeringAalto UniversityFI‐00076AaltoFinland
- QTF Centre of ExcellenceDepartment of Applied PhysicsAalto UniversityFI‐00076AaltoFinland
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Division of NanophotonicsCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Qing Dai
- Division of NanophotonicsCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
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190
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Zhu W, Yang R, Fan Y, Fu Q, Wu H, Zhang P, Shen NH, Zhang F. Controlling optical polarization conversion with Ge 2Sb 2Te 5-based phase-change dielectric metamaterials. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:12054-12061. [PMID: 29911240 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02587h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in the metamaterial-based polarization manipulation of light highlights the promise of novel polarization-dependent optical components and systems. To overcome the limited frequency bandwidth of metamaterials resulting from their resonant nature, it is desirable to incorporate tunability into metamaterial-based polarization manipulations. Here, we propose a dielectric metamaterial for controlling linear polarization conversion using the phase-change characteristic of Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST), whose refractive index changes significantly when transforming from the amorphous phase to the crystalline phase under external stimuli. The polarization conversion phenomena are systematically studied using different arrangements of GST in this metamaterial. The performance of linear polarization conversion and the tunability are also analyzed and compared in three different designs. It is found that phase-change materials such as GST can be employed in dielectric materials for tunable and switchable linear polarization conversion in the telecom band. The conversion efficiency can be significantly modulated during the phase transition. Our results provide useful insights for incorporating phase-change materials with metamaterials for tunable polarization manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China.
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191
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Hajian H, Ghobadi A, Butun B, Ozbay E. Tunable, omnidirectional, and nearly perfect resonant absorptions by a graphene-hBN-based hole array metamaterial. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:16940-16954. [PMID: 30119512 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.016940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose an electrically tunable mid-infrared plasmonic-phononic absorber with omnidirectional and polarization insensitive nearly perfect resonant absorption characteristics. The absorber consists of a graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)/graphene multilayer on top of a gold bottom reflector separated by a dielectric spacer. The graphene/hBN/graphene multilayer is patterned as a hole array in square lattice. We analytically and numerically prove that, due to the support of hybrid plasmon-phonon-polaritons, nearly perfect multi-resonant absorption peaks with high quality factors are obtained both inside and outside of the Reststrahlen band of hBN. As a result of the hybridization of graphene plasmons with the hyperbolic phonon polaritons of hBN, the high quality resonant absorptions of the metamaterial are almost unaffected by decreasing the phenomenological electron relaxation time of graphene. Moreover, the obtained resonances can be effectively tuned in practice due to the continuity of the graphene layers in the hole array metamaterial. These features make the graphene-hBN metamaterial a skeptical design for practical purposes and mid-infrared multi-functional operations such as sensing.
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192
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Barturen M, Abadía N, Milano J, Costanzo Caso PA, Plant DV. Manipulation of extinction features in frequency combs through the usage of graphene. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:15490-15502. [PMID: 30114809 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.015490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lately, the integration of two-dimensional materials into semiconductor devices has allowed the modification of their effective index by simply applying a modest voltage (between 0 and 3 volts). In this work, we present a device composed of two evanescently coupled silicon microring resonators where both rings have a graphene layer on top. This design is aimed to produce frequency combs with transmission characteristics controlled upon voltage application to the graphene layer. We numerically analyze the device response as a function of the incident wavelength and applied voltage. The results showed a low input intensity (0.6 GW/cm2) needed and a rapid response time (0.1 μs), in comparison to devices controlled by heat injection.
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193
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Ye L, Sui K, Liu Y, Zhang M, Liu QH. Graphene-based hybrid plasmonic waveguide for highly efficient broadband mid-infrared propagation and modulation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:15935-15947. [PMID: 30114847 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.015935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a graphene-based hybrid plasmonic waveguide is proposed for highly efficient broadband surface plasmon polariton (SPP) propagation and modulation at mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectrum. The hybrid plasmonic waveguide is composed of a monolayer graphene sheet in the center, a polysilicon gating layer, and two inner dielectric buffer layers and two outer parabolic-ridged silicon substrates symmetrically placed on both sides of the graphene. Owing to the unique parabolic-ridged waveguide structure, the light-graphene interaction and subwavelength SPPs confinement of the fundamental SPP mode for the hybrid waveguide can be significantly increased. Under the graphene chemical potential of 1.0 eV, the proposed waveguide can achieve outstanding SPP propagation performance with long propagation length of 12.1-16.7 μm and small normalized mode area of ~10-4 in the frequency range of 10-20 THz, exhibiting more than one order smaller in the normalized mode area while remaining the propagation length almost the same level with respect to the hybrid plasmonic waveguide without parabolic ridges. By tuning the graphene chemical potential from 0.1 to 1.0 eV, we demonstrate the waveguide has a modulation depth greater than 51% for the frequency ranging from 10 to 20 THz and reaches a maximum of nearly 100% at the frequency higher than 18 THz. Benefitting from the excellent broadband mid-IR propagation and modulation performance, the graphene-based hybrid plasmonic waveguide may open up a new way for various mid-IR waveguides, modulators, interconnects and optoelectronic devices.
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194
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Liu B, Tang C, Chen J, Xie N, Tang H, Zhu X, Park GS. Multiband and Broadband Absorption Enhancement of Monolayer Graphene at Optical Frequencies from Multiple Magnetic Dipole Resonances in Metamaterials. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:153. [PMID: 29767294 PMCID: PMC5955873 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that a suspended monolayer graphene has a weak light absorption efficiency of about 2.3% at normal incidence, which is disadvantageous to some applications in optoelectronic devices. In this work, we will numerically study multiband and broadband absorption enhancement of monolayer graphene over the whole visible spectrum, due to multiple magnetic dipole resonances in metamaterials. The unit cell of the metamaterials is composed of a graphene monolayer sandwiched between four Ag nanodisks with different diameters and a SiO2 spacer on an Ag substrate. The near-field plasmon hybridizations between individual Ag nanodisks and the Ag substrate form four independent magnetic dipole modes, which result into multiband absorption enhancement of monolayer graphene at optical frequencies. When the resonance wavelengths of the magnetic dipole modes are tuned to approach one another by changing the diameters of the Ag nanodisks, a broadband absorption enhancement can be achieved. The position of the absorption band in monolayer graphene can be also controlled by varying the thickness of the SiO2 spacer or the distance between the Ag nanodisks. Our designed graphene light absorber may find some potential applications in optoelectronic devices, such as photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001 China
| | - Chaojun Tang
- Center for Optics and Optoelectronics Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Information Technology in Biological and Medical Physics, College of Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023 China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023 China
- Center for THz-driven Biological Systems, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747 South Korea
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 China
| | - Ningyan Xie
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Huang Tang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001 China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001 China
| | - Gun-sik Park
- Center for THz-driven Biological Systems, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747 South Korea
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195
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Guo X, Hu H, Liao B, Zhu X, Yang X, Dai Q. Perfect-absorption graphene metamaterials for surface-enhanced molecular fingerprint spectroscopy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:184004. [PMID: 29457777 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Graphene plasmon with extremely strong light confinement and tunable resonance frequency represents a promising surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) sensing platform. However, plasmonic absorption is relatively weak (approximately 1%-9%) in monolayer graphene nanostructures, which would limit its sensitivity. Here, we theoretically propose a hybrid plasmon-metamaterial structure that can realize perfect absorption in graphene with a low carrier mobility of 1000 cm2 V-1 s-1. This structure combines a gold reflector and a gold grating to the graphene plasmon structures, which introduce interference effect and the lightning-rod effect, respectively, and largely enhance the coupling of light to graphene. The vibration signal of trace molecules can be enhanced up to 2000-fold at the hotspot of the perfect-absorption structure, enabling the SEIRA sensing to reach the molecular level. This hybrid metal-graphene structure provides a novel path to generate high sensitivity in nanoscale molecular recognition for numerous applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Guo
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China. Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China. State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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196
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Yang X, Sun Z, Low T, Hu H, Guo X, García de Abajo FJ, Avouris P, Dai Q. Nanomaterial-Based Plasmon-Enhanced Infrared Spectroscopy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1704896. [PMID: 29572965 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) has attracted increasing attention due to the potential of infrared spectroscopy in applications such as molecular trace sensing of solids, polymers, and proteins, specifically fueled by recent substantial developments in infrared plasmonic materials and engineered nanostructures. Here, the significant progress achieved in the past decades is reviewed, along with the current state of the art of SEIRA. In particular, the plasmonic properties of a variety of nanomaterials are discussed (e.g., metals, semiconductors, and graphene) along with their use in the design of efficient SEIRA configurations. To conclude, perspectives on potential applications, including single-molecule detection and in vivo bioassays, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Yang
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Espoo, Finland
- QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Tony Low
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Keller Hall 200 Union St S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Hai Hu
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiangdong Guo
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - F Javier García de Abajo
- ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avancąts, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Phaedon Avouris
- IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, 10598, USA
| | - Qing Dai
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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197
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Cao F, Wu L, Ruan Y, Bai J, Jiang X. In Situ Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy of Aqueous Molecules with Facile-Prepared Large-Area Reduced Graphene Oxide Island Film. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6526-6531. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan Cao
- State Key Lab of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Lie Wu
- State Key Lab of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China
| | - Yudi Ruan
- State Key Lab of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jing Bai
- State Key Lab of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China
| | - Xiue Jiang
- State Key Lab of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, China
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198
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Qiu P, Qiu W, Ren J, Lin Z, Wang Z, Wang JX, Kan Q, Pan JQ. Pseudospin Dependent One-Way Transmission in Graphene-Based Topological Plasmonic Crystals. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:113. [PMID: 29679172 PMCID: PMC5910330 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2538-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Originating from the investigation of condensed matter states, the concept of quantum Hall effect and quantum spin Hall effect (QSHE) has recently been expanded to other field of physics and engineering, e.g., photonics and phononics, giving rise to strikingly unconventional edge modes immune to scattering. Here, we present the plasmonic analog of QSHE in graphene plasmonic crystal (GPC) in mid-infrared frequencies. The band inversion occurs when deforming the honeycomb lattice GPCs, which further leads to the topological band gaps and pseudospin features of the edge states. By overlapping the band gaps with different topologies, we numerically simulated the pseudospin-dependent one-way propagation of edge states. The designed GPC may find potential applications in the fields of topological plasmonics and trigger the exploration of the technique of the pseudospin multiplexing in high-density nanophotonic integrated circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Qiu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Weibin Qiu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Junbo Ren
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Zhili Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jia-Xian Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Qiang Kan
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100086, China
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100086, China
| | - Jiao-Qing Pan
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100086, China
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100086, China
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199
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Goubet N, Jagtap A, Livache C, Martinez B, Portalès H, Xu XZ, Lobo RPSM, Dubertret B, Lhuillier E. Terahertz HgTe Nanocrystals: Beyond Confinement. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:5033-5036. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Goubet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, F-75005 Paris, France
- LPEM, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, LPEM, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Amardeep Jagtap
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Clément Livache
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, F-75005 Paris, France
- LPEM, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, LPEM, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Bertille Martinez
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, F-75005 Paris, France
- LPEM, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, LPEM, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Hervé Portalès
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, De la Molécule aux Nano-objets: Réactivité, Interactions et Spectroscopies, MONARIS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Xiang Zhen Xu
- LPEM, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, LPEM, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Ricardo P. S. M. Lobo
- LPEM, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, LPEM, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Benoit Dubertret
- LPEM, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, LPEM, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Lhuillier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, F-75005 Paris, France
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200
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Chen J, Zeng Y, Xu X, Chen X, Zhou Z, Shi P, Yi Z, Ye X, Xiao S, Yi Y. Plasmonic Absorption Enhancement in Elliptical Graphene Arrays. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8030175. [PMID: 29562687 PMCID: PMC5869666 DOI: 10.3390/nano8030175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we come up with a wavelength tunable absorber which is made up of periodically elliptical graphene arrays in the far-infrared and terahertz regions. Through simulation, we find that we can increase the length of long axis of the ellipse, raise the incidence angles of TM- and TE-polarization (TM- and TE-polarization indicate the direction of the incident electric field along the direction of the x and the y axis, respectively.) within certain limits, and increase the chemical potential of graphene, so as to enhance the absorption of light in the elliptical graphene arrays. We also compare the absorption spectra of the original structure and the complementary structure, and find that the absorption of the original structure is higher than that of the complementary structure. In the end, we study the changes in the absorption rate of the double layer structure of the elliptical array with the increase in the thickness of SiO2. The elliptical array structure can be applied to tunable spectral detectors, filters and sensors at far-infrared and terahertz wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Chen
- School of Science, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
- Joint Laboratory for Extreme Conditions Matter Properties, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Yu Zeng
- School of Science, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
- Joint Laboratory for Extreme Conditions Matter Properties, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Xibin Xu
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China.
| | - Xifang Chen
- School of Science, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
- Joint Laboratory for Extreme Conditions Matter Properties, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Zigang Zhou
- School of Science, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
- Joint Laboratory for Extreme Conditions Matter Properties, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Pengcheng Shi
- School of Science, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
- Joint Laboratory for Extreme Conditions Matter Properties, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Zao Yi
- School of Science, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
- Joint Laboratory for Extreme Conditions Matter Properties, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Xin Ye
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China.
| | - Shuyuan Xiao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yougen Yi
- College of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
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