151
|
Chirondojan LF, Oppo GL. Multiple-time-scale analysis for pinned breathers in Bose-Hubbard chains. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:022212. [PMID: 30934338 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.022212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Localized and pinned discrete breathers in Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices or in arrays of optical waveguides oscillate with frequencies which are much higher than those present in the spectrum of the background. Hence, the interaction between localized breathers and their surroundings is extremely weak leading to a multiple-time-scale perturbation expansion. We identify the leading order in the asymptotic expansion of the breather amplitude which does not average to zero after one full oscillation. The reduced model predicts a lower bound of the breather drift times and explains the topological differences between breathers in dimers, trimers, and in spatially extended one-dimensional lattices even in the presence of transport from boundary heat-baths. These analytical boundaries hold true for lattices of any length, due to the highly localized nature of breathers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liviu F Chirondojan
- SUPA and Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, Scotland, EU
| | - Gian-Luca Oppo
- SUPA and Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, Scotland, EU
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
Rota R, Minganti F, Ciuti C, Savona V. Quantum Critical Regime in a Quadratically Driven Nonlinear Photonic Lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:110405. [PMID: 30951358 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.110405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We study an array of coupled optical cavities in the presence of two-photon driving and dissipation. The system displays a critical behavior similar to that of a quantum Ising model at finite temperature. Using the corner-space renormalization method, we compute the steady-state properties of finite lattices of varying size, both in one and two dimensions. From a finite-size scaling of the average of the photon number parity, we highlight the emergence of a critical point in regimes of small dissipations, belonging to the quantum Ising universality class. For increasing photon loss rates, a departure from this universal behavior signals the onset of a quantum critical regime, where classical fluctuations induced by losses compete with long-range quantum correlations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Rota
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Minganti
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS-UMR 7162, 75013 Paris, France
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Cristiano Ciuti
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS-UMR 7162, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Vincenzo Savona
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
153
|
Lindinger J, Buchleitner A, Rodríguez A. Many-Body Multifractality throughout Bosonic Superfluid and Mott Insulator Phases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:106603. [PMID: 30932664 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.106603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate many-body multifractality of the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian's ground state in Fock space, for arbitrary values of the interparticle interaction. Generalized fractal dimensions unambiguously signal, even for small system sizes, the emergence of a Mott insulator that cannot, however, be naively identified with a localized phase in Fock space. We show that the scaling of the derivative of any generalized fractal dimension with respect to the interaction strength encodes the critical point of the superfluid to the Mott insulator transition, and provides an efficient way to accurately estimate its position. We further establish that the transition can be quantitatively characterized by one single wave function amplitude from the exponentially large Fock space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Lindinger
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität-Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Buchleitner
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität-Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alberto Rodríguez
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität-Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
154
|
Jin C, Regan EC, Yan A, Iqbal Bakti Utama M, Wang D, Zhao S, Qin Y, Yang S, Zheng Z, Shi S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Tongay S, Zettl A, Wang F. Observation of moiré excitons in WSe 2/WS 2 heterostructure superlattices. Nature 2019; 567:76-80. [PMID: 30804525 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-0976-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Moiré superlattices enable the generation of new quantum phenomena in two-dimensional heterostructures, in which the interactions between the atomically thin layers qualitatively change the electronic band structure of the superlattice. For example, mini-Dirac points, tunable Mott insulator states and the Hofstadter butterfly pattern can emerge in different types of graphene/boron nitride moiré superlattices, whereas correlated insulating states and superconductivity have been reported in twisted bilayer graphene moiré superlattices1-12. In addition to their pronounced effects on single-particle states, moiré superlattices have recently been predicted to host excited states such as moiré exciton bands13-15. Here we report the observation of moiré superlattice exciton states in tungsten diselenide/tungsten disulfide (WSe2/WS2) heterostructures in which the layers are closely aligned. These moiré exciton states manifest as multiple emergent peaks around the original WSe2 A exciton resonance in the absorption spectra, and they exhibit gate dependences that are distinct from that of the A exciton in WSe2 monolayers and in WSe2/WS2 heterostructures with large twist angles. These phenomena can be described by a theoretical model in which the periodic moiré potential is much stronger than the exciton kinetic energy and generates multiple flat exciton minibands. The moiré exciton bands provide an attractive platform from which to explore and control excited states of matter, such as topological excitons and a correlated exciton Hubbard model, in transition-metal dichalcogenides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Jin
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Emma C Regan
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Graduate Group in Applied Science and Technology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Aiming Yan
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - M Iqbal Bakti Utama
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Danqing Wang
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Graduate Group in Applied Science and Technology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sihan Zhao
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ying Qin
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Sijie Yang
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Zhiren Zheng
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Shenyang Shi
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Sefaattin Tongay
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Alex Zettl
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at University of California Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA. .,Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA. .,Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at University of California Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
155
|
Li LH, Li JL, Wang GR, Cong SL. The modulating action of electric field on magnetically tuned Feshbach resonance. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:064310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5081628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hang Li
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jing-Lun Li
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Gao-Ren Wang
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shu-Lin Cong
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| |
Collapse
|
156
|
Budewig L, Mistakidis SI, Schmelcher P. Quench dynamics of two one-dimensional harmonically trapped bosons bridging attraction and repulsion. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1575995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Budewig
- Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. I. Mistakidis
- Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P. Schmelcher
- Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Ma R, Saxberg B, Owens C, Leung N, Lu Y, Simon J, Schuster DI. A dissipatively stabilized Mott insulator of photons. Nature 2019; 566:51-57. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-0897-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
158
|
Abstract
We show that the theoretical framework linking exceptional points (EPs) to phase transitions in parity-time (PT) symmetric Hamiltonians is incomplete. Particularly, we demonstrate that the application of the squaring operator to a Jx PT lattice dramatically alter the topology of its Riemann surface, eventually resulting in a system that can cross an EP without undergoing a symmetry breaking. We elucidate on these rather surprising results by invoking the notion of phase diagrams in higher dimensional parameter space. Within this perspective, the canonical PT symmetry breaking paradigm arises only along certainprojections of the Riemann surface in the parameter space.
Collapse
|
159
|
Bonfim OFDA, Boechat B, Florencio J. Ground-state properties of the one-dimensional transverse Ising model in a longitudinal magnetic field. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:012122. [PMID: 30780223 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.012122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The critical properties of the one-dimensional spin-1/2 transverse Ising model in the presence of a longitudinal magnetic field were studied by the quantum fidelity method. We used exact diagonalization to obtain the ground-state energies and corresponding eigenvectors for lattice sizes up to 24 spins. The maximum of the fidelity susceptibility was used to locate the various phase boundaries present in the system. The type of dominant spin ordering for each phase was identified by examining the corresponding ground-state eigenvector. For a given antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor interaction J_{2}, we calculated the fidelity susceptibility as a function of the transverse field B_{x} and the longitudinal field B_{z}. The phase diagram in the (B_{x},B_{z})-plane shows three phases. These findings are in contrast with the published literature that claims that the system has only two phases. For B_{x}<1, we observed an antiferromagnetic phase for small values of B_{z} and a paramagnetic phase for large values of B_{z}. For B_{x}>1 and low B_{z}, we found a disordered phase that undergoes a second-order phase transition to a paramagnetic phase for large values of B_{z}.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - B Boechat
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense Av. Litorânea s/n, Niterói, 24210-340, RJ, Brazil
| | - J Florencio
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense Av. Litorânea s/n, Niterói, 24210-340, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
160
|
Liu F, Garrison JR, Deng DL, Gong ZX, Gorshkov AV. Asymmetric Particle Transport and Light-Cone Dynamics Induced by Anyonic Statistics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:250404. [PMID: 30608853 PMCID: PMC6990657 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.250404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We study the nonequilibrium dynamics of Abelian anyons in a one-dimensional system. We find that the interplay of anyonic statistics and interactions gives rise to spatially asymmetric particle transport together with a novel dynamical symmetry that depends on the anyonic statistical angle and the sign of interactions. Moreover, we show that anyonic statistics induces asymmetric spreading of quantum information, characterized by asymmetric light cones of out-of-time-ordered correlators. Such asymmetric dynamics is in sharp contrast to the dynamics of conventional fermions or bosons, where both the transport and information dynamics are spatially symmetric. We further discuss experiments with cold atoms where the predicted phenomena can be observed using state-of-the-art technologies. Our results pave the way toward experimentally probing anyonic statistics through nonequilibrium dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangli Liu
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - James R Garrison
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Dong-Ling Deng
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Condensed Matter Theory Center, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Zhe-Xuan Gong
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Alexey V Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| |
Collapse
|
161
|
Curvature induced quantum phase transitions in an electron-hole system. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16497. [PMID: 30405167 PMCID: PMC6220275 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34903-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we study the effect of introducing a periodic curvature on nanostructures, and demonstrate that the curvature can lead to a transition from a topologically trivial state to a non-trivial state. We first present the Hamiltonian for an arbitrarily curved nanostructure, and introduce a numerical scheme for calculating the bandstructure of a periodically curved nanostructure. Using this scheme, we calculate the bandstructure for a sinusoidally curved two-dimensional electron gas. We show that the curvature can lead to a partner switching reminiscent of a topological phase transition at the time reversal invariant momenta. We then study the Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang (BHZ) Hamiltonian for a two-dimensional quantum well. We show that introducing a curvature can lead to the emergence of topological surface states.
Collapse
|
162
|
Cheraghi H, Mahdavifar S. Ineffectiveness of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in the dynamical quantum phase transition in the ITF model. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:42LT01. [PMID: 30222132 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aae1c5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantum phase transition occurs at a quantum critical value of a control parameter such as the magnetic field in the Ising model in a transverse magnetic field (ITF). Recently, it is shown that ramping across the quantum critical point generates non-analytic behaviors in the time evolution of a closed quantum system in the thermodynamic limit at zero temperature. The mentioned phenomenon is called the dynamical quantum phase transition (DQPT). Here, we consider the one-dimensional ITF model with added the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). Using the fermionization technique, the Hamiltonian is exactly diagonalized. Although the DMI induces chiral phase in the ground state phase diagram of the model, the study of the rate function of the return probability has proven that the DMI does not affect the DQPT. We conclude accordingly that the ramping across the quantum critical point is not a necessary and sufficient condition for DQPT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Cheraghi
- Department of Physics, Semnan University, 35195-363, Semnan, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
163
|
Tomsovic S. Complex saddle trajectories for multidimensional quantum wave packet and coherent state propagation: Application to a many-body system. Phys Rev E 2018; 98:023301. [PMID: 30253580 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.98.023301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A practical search technique for finding the complex saddle points used in wave packet and coherent state propagation is developed which works for a large class of Hamiltonian dynamical systems with many degrees of freedom. The method can be applied to problems in atomic, molecular, and optical physics and other domains. A Bose-Hubbard model is used to illustrate the application to a many-body system where discrete symmetries play an important and fascinating role. For multidimensional wave packet propagation, locating the necessary saddles involves the seemingly insurmountable difficulty of solving a boundary value problem in a high-dimensional complex space, followed by determining whether each particular saddle found actually contributes. In principle, this must be done for each propagation time considered. The method derived here identifies a real search space of minimal dimension, which leads to a complete set of contributing saddles up to intermediate times much longer than the Ehrenfest timescale for the system. The analysis also gives a powerful tool for rapidly identifying the various dynamical regimes of the system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Tomsovic
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2814, USA
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
Kim H, Zhu G, Porto JV, Hafezi M. Optical Lattice with Torus Topology. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:133002. [PMID: 30312056 PMCID: PMC7047963 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.133002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose an experimental scheme to construct an optical lattice where the atoms are confined to the surface of a torus. This construction can be realized with spatially shaped laser beams which could be realized with recently developed high resolution imaging techniques. We numerically study the feasibility of this proposal by calculating the tunneling strengths for atoms in the torus lattice. To illustrate the nontrivial role of topology in atomic dynamics on the torus, we study the quantized superfluid currents and fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states on such a structure. For FQH states, we numerically investigate the robustness of the topological degeneracy and propose an experimental way to detect such a degeneracy. Our scheme for torus construction can be generalized to surfaces with higher genus for exploration of richer topological physics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwanmun Kim
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Guanyu Zhu
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J V Porto
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Mohammad Hafezi
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
González-Cuadra D, Grzybowski PR, Dauphin A, Lewenstein M. Strongly Correlated Bosons on a Dynamical Lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:090402. [PMID: 30230886 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.090402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We study a one-dimensional system of strongly correlated bosons on a dynamical lattice. To this end, we extend the standard Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian to include extra degrees of freedom on the bonds of the lattice. We show that this minimal model exhibits phenomena reminiscent of fermion-phonon models. In particular, we discover a bosonic analog of the Peierls transition, where the translational symmetry of the underlying lattice is spontaneously broken. This provides a dynamical mechanism to obtain a topological insulator in the presence of interactions, analogous to the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model for electrons. We characterize the phase diagram numerically, showing different types of bond order waves and topological solitons. Finally, we study the possibility of implementing the model using atomic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González-Cuadra
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Przemysław R Grzybowski
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Alexandre Dauphin
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maciej Lewenstein
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
166
|
Figueroa J, Rogan J, Valdivia JA, Kiwi M, Romero G, Torres F. Nucleation of superfluid-light domains in a quenched dynamics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12766. [PMID: 30143659 PMCID: PMC6109166 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30789-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong correlation effects emerge from light-matter interactions in coupled resonator arrays, such as the Mott-insulator to superfluid phase transition of atom-photon excitations. We demonstrate that the quenched dynamics of a finite-sized complex array of coupled resonators induces a first-order like phase transition. The latter is accompanied by domain nucleation that can be used to manipulate the photonic transport properties of the simulated superfluid phase; this in turn leads to an empirical scaling law. This universal behavior emerges from the light-matter interaction and the topology of the array. The validity of our results over a wide range of complex architectures might lead to a promising device for use in scaled quantum simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Figueroa
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, 7800024, Chile.,Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 9170124, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Rogan
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, 7800024, Chile.,Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 9170124, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Alejandro Valdivia
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, 7800024, Chile.,Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 9170124, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Kiwi
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, 7800024, Chile.,Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 9170124, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Guillermo Romero
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Avenida Ecuador 3493, 9170124, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Torres
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, 7800024, Chile. .,Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 9170124, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
167
|
Wang Q, Cao D, Quan HT. Effects of the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction on nonequilibrium thermodynamics in the XY chain in a transverse field. Phys Rev E 2018; 98:022107. [PMID: 30253493 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.98.022107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We examine the effects of the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya (DM) interaction on the nonequilibrium thermodynamics in an anisotropic XY spin chain, which is driven out of equilibrium by a sudden quench of the control parameter of the Hamiltonian. By analytically evaluating the statistical properties of the work distribution and the irreversible entropy production, we investigate the influences of the DM interaction on the nonequilibrium thermodynamics of the system with different parameters at various temperatures. We find that depending on the anisotropy of the system and the temperature, the DM interaction may have different impacts on the nonequilibrium thermodynamics. Interestingly, the critical line induced by the DM interaction can be revealed via the properties of the nonequilibrium thermodynamics. In addition, our results suggest that the strength of the DM interaction can be detected experimentally by studying the nonequilibrium thermodynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Duo Cao
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - H T Quan
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
168
|
Tsintzos SI, Tzimis A, Stavrinidis G, Trifonov A, Hatzopoulos Z, Baumberg JJ, Ohadi H, Savvidis PG. Electrical Tuning of Nonlinearities in Exciton-Polariton Condensates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:037401. [PMID: 30085821 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.037401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A primary limitation of the intensively researched polaritonic systems compared to their atomic counterparts for the study of strongly correlated phenomena and many-body physics is their relatively weak two-particle interactions compared to disorder. Here, we show how new opportunities to enhance such on-site interactions and nonlinearities arise by tuning the exciton-polariton dipole moment in electrically biased semiconductor microcavities incorporating wide quantum wells. The applied field results in a twofold enhancement of exciton-exciton interactions as well as more efficiently driving relaxation towards low energy polariton states, thus, reducing condensation threshold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S I Tsintzos
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, P.O. Box 1527, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - A Tzimis
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, P.O. Box 1527, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - G Stavrinidis
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, P.O. Box 1527, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - A Trifonov
- Spin Optics Laboratory, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Z Hatzopoulos
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, P.O. Box 1527, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - J J Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - H Ohadi
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
169
|
Zhou T, Yang K, Zhai Y, Yue X, Yang S, Xiang J, Huang Q, Xiong W, Zhou X, Chen X. High precision calibration of optical lattice depth based on multiple pulses Kapitza-Dirac diffraction. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:16726-16735. [PMID: 30119495 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.016726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The precise calibration of optical lattice depth is an important step in the experiments of ultracold atoms in optical lattices. The Raman-Nath diffraction method, as the most commonly used method of calibrating optical lattice depth, has a limited range of validity and the calibration accuracy is not high enough. Based on multiple pulses Kapitza-Dirac diffraction, we propose and demonstrate a new calibration method by measuring the fully transfer fidelity of the first diffraction order. The high sensitivity of the transfer fidelity to the lattice depth ensures the highly precision calibration of the optical lattice depth. For each lattice depth measured, the calibration uncertainty is further reduced to less than 0.6% by applying the Back-Propagation Neural Network Algorithm. The accuracy of this method is almost one order of magnitude higher than that of the Raman-Nath diffraction method, and it has a wide range of validity applicable to both shallow lattices and deep lattices.
Collapse
|
170
|
Olsen MK, Neely TW, Bradley AS. Mesoscopic Dynamical Differences from Quantum State Preparation in a Bose-Hubbard Trimer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:230406. [PMID: 29932709 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.230406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Conventional wisdom is that quantum effects will tend to disappear as the number of quanta in a system increases, and the evolution of a system will become closer to that described by mean-field classical equations. In this Letter we combine newly developed theoretical and experimental techniques to propose and analyze an experiment using a Bose-Hubbard trimer where the opposite is the case. We find that differences in the preparation of a centrally evacuated trimer can lead to readily observable differences in the subsequent dynamics which increase with system size. Importantly, these differences can be detected by the simple measurements of atomic number.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Olsen
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Quantum Science Otago and Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - T W Neely
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, University of Queensland, Brisbane Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - A S Bradley
- Quantum Science Otago and Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
171
|
Mistakidis S, Koutentakis G, Schmelcher P. Bosonic quantum dynamics following a linear interaction quench in finite optical lattices of unit filling. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
172
|
Moores BA, Sletten LR, Viennot JJ, Lehnert KW. Cavity Quantum Acoustic Device in the Multimode Strong Coupling Regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:227701. [PMID: 29906138 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.227701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an acoustical analog of a circuit quantum electrodynamics system that leverages acoustic properties to enable strong multimode coupling in the dispersive regime while suppressing spontaneous emission to unconfined modes. Specifically, we fabricate and characterize a device that comprises a flux tunable transmon coupled to a 300 μm long surface acoustic wave resonator. For some modes, the qubit-cavity coupling reaches 6.5 MHz, exceeding the cavity loss rate (200 kHz), qubit linewidth (1.1 MHz), and the cavity free spectral range (4.8 MHz), placing the device in both the strong coupling and strong multimode regimes. With the qubit detuned from the confined modes of the cavity, we observe that the qubit linewidth strongly depends on its frequency, as expected for spontaneous emission of phonons, and we identify operating frequencies where this emission rate is suppressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A Moores
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Lucas R Sletten
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Jeremie J Viennot
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - K W Lehnert
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| |
Collapse
|
173
|
Quantum simulation of ultrafast dynamics using trapped ultracold atoms. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2065. [PMID: 29802274 PMCID: PMC5970240 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast electronic dynamics are typically studied using pulsed lasers. Here we demonstrate a complementary experimental approach: quantum simulation of ultrafast dynamics using trapped ultracold atoms. Counter-intuitively, this technique emulates some of the fastest processes in atomic physics with some of the slowest, leading to a temporal magnification factor of up to 12 orders of magnitude. In these experiments, time-varying forces on neutral atoms in the ground state of a tunable optical trap emulate the electric fields of a pulsed laser acting on bound charged particles. We demonstrate the correspondence with ultrafast science by a sequence of experiments: nonlinear spectroscopy of a many-body bound state, control of the excitation spectrum by potential shaping, observation of sub-cycle unbinding dynamics during strong few-cycle pulses, and direct measurement of carrier-envelope phase dependence of the response to an ultrafast-equivalent pulse. These results establish cold-atom quantum simulation as a complementary tool for studying ultrafast dynamics.
Collapse
|
174
|
Chen L, Wang P, Meng Z, Huang L, Cai H, Wang DW, Zhu SY, Zhang J. Experimental Observation of One-Dimensional Superradiance Lattices in Ultracold Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:193601. [PMID: 29799222 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.193601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We measure the superradiant emission in a one-dimensional (1D) superradiance lattice (SL) in ultracold atoms. Resonantly excited to a superradiant state, the atoms are further coupled to other collectively excited states, which form a 1D SL. The directional emission of one of the superradiant excited states in the 1D SL is measured. The emission spectra depend on the band structure, which can be controlled by the frequency and intensity of the coupling laser fields. This work provides a platform for investigating the collective Lamb shift of resonantly excited superradiant states in Bose-Einstein condensates and paves the way for realizing higher dimensional superradiance lattices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangchao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengming Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianghui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Cai
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center of Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Yao Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
175
|
Pelissetto A, Rossini D, Vicari E. Dynamic finite-size scaling after a quench at quantum transitions. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:052148. [PMID: 29906825 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.052148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a general dynamic finite-size scaling theory for the quantum dynamics after an abrupt quench, at both continuous and first-order quantum transitions. For continuous transitions, the scaling laws are naturally ruled by the critical exponents and the renormalization-group dimension of the perturbation at the transition. In the case of first-order transitions, it is possible to recover a universal scaling behavior, which is controlled by the size behavior of the energy gap between the lowest-energy levels. We discuss these findings in the framework of the paradigmatic quantum Ising ring, and support the dynamic scaling laws by numerical evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pelissetto
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Roma "La Sapienza" and INFN, Sezione di Roma I, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Davide Rossini
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Pisa and INFN, Largo Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ettore Vicari
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Pisa and INFN, Largo Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
176
|
Ulloa C, Duine RA. Magnon Spin Hall Magnetoresistance of a Gapped Quantum Paramagnet. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:177202. [PMID: 29756816 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.177202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by recent experimental work, we consider spin transport between a normal metal and a gapped quantum paramagnet. We model the latter as the magnonic Mott-insulating phase of an easy-plane ferromagnetic insulator. We evaluate the spin current mediated by the interface exchange coupling between the ferromagnet and the adjacent normal metal. For the strongly interacting magnons that we consider, this spin current gives rise to a spin Hall magnetoresistance that strongly depends on the magnitude of the magnetic field, rather than its direction. This Letter may motivate electrical detection of the phases of quantum magnets and the incorporation of such materials into spintronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Ulloa
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R A Duine
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
177
|
Ievlev AV, Chyasnavichyus M, Leonard DN, Agar JC, Velarde GA, Martin LW, Kalinin SV, Maksymovych P, Ovchinnikova OS. Subtractive fabrication of ferroelectric thin films with precisely controlled thickness. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:155302. [PMID: 29393062 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaac9b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control thin-film growth has led to advances in our understanding of fundamental physics as well as to the emergence of novel technologies. However, common thin-film growth techniques introduce a number of limitations related to the concentration of defects on film interfaces and surfaces that limit the scope of systems that can be produced and studied experimentally. Here, we developed an ion-beam based subtractive fabrication process that enables creation and modification of thin films with pre-defined thicknesses. To accomplish this we transformed a multimodal imaging platform that combines time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry with atomic force microscopy to a unique fabrication tool that allows for precise sputtering of the nanometer-thin layers of material. To demonstrate fabrication of thin-films with in situ feedback and control on film thickness and functionality we systematically studied thickness dependence of ferroelectric switching of lead-zirconate-titanate, within a single epitaxial film. Our results demonstrate that through a subtractive film fabrication process we can control the piezoelectric response as a function of film thickness as well as improve on the overall piezoelectric response versus an untreated film.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton V Ievlev
- The Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd., Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America. Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd., Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
178
|
Lerose A, Marino J, Žunkovič B, Gambassi A, Silva A. Chaotic Dynamical Ferromagnetic Phase Induced by Nonequilibrium Quantum Fluctuations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:130603. [PMID: 29694194 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.130603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the robustness of a dynamical phase transition against quantum fluctuations by studying the impact of a ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor spin interaction in one spatial dimension on the nonequilibrium dynamical phase diagram of the fully connected quantum Ising model. In particular, we focus on the transient dynamics after a quantum quench and study the prethermal state via a combination of analytic time-dependent spin wave theory and numerical methods based on matrix product states. We find that, upon increasing the strength of the quantum fluctuations, the dynamical critical point fans out into a chaotic dynamical phase within which the asymptotic ordering is characterized by strong sensitivity to the parameters and initial conditions. We argue that such a phenomenon is general, as it arises from the impact of quantum fluctuations on the mean-field out of equilibrium dynamics of any system which exhibits a broken discrete symmetry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Lerose
- SISSA-International School for Advanced Studies, via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
- INFN-Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Jamir Marino
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Bojan Žunkovič
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrea Gambassi
- SISSA-International School for Advanced Studies, via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
- INFN-Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Silva
- SISSA-International School for Advanced Studies, via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
179
|
Metastability and avalanche dynamics in strongly correlated gases with long-range interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018. [PMID: 29519875 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1720415115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We experimentally study the stability of a bosonic Mott insulator against the formation of a density wave induced by long-range interactions and characterize the intrinsic dynamics between these two states. The Mott insulator is created in a quantum degenerate gas of 87-Rubidium atoms, trapped in a 3D optical lattice. The gas is located inside and globally coupled to an optical cavity. This causes interactions of global range, mediated by photons dispersively scattered between a transverse lattice and the cavity. The scattering comes with an atomic density modulation, which is measured by the photon flux leaking from the cavity. We initialize the system in a Mott-insulating state and then rapidly increase the global coupling strength. We observe that the system falls into either of two distinct final states. One is characterized by a low photon flux, signaling a Mott insulator, and the other is characterized by a high photon flux, which we associate with a density wave. Ramping the global coupling slowly, we observe a hysteresis loop between the two states-a further signature of metastability. A comparison with a theoretical model confirms that the metastability originates in the competition between short- and global-range interactions. From the increasing photon flux monitored during the switching process, we find that several thousand atoms tunnel to a neighboring site on the timescale of the single-particle dynamics. We argue that a density modulation, initially forming in the compressible surface of the trapped gas, triggers an avalanche tunneling process in the Mott-insulating region.
Collapse
|
180
|
Abstract
Quantum simulation, a subdiscipline of quantum computation, can provide valuable insight into difficult quantum problems in physics or chemistry. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices represent an ideal platform for simulations of quantum many-body problems. Within this setting, quantum gas microscopes enable single atom observation and manipulation in large samples. Ultracold atom-based quantum simulators have already been used to probe quantum magnetism, to realize and detect topological quantum matter, and to study quantum systems with controlled long-range interactions. Experiments on many-body systems out of equilibrium have also provided results in regimes unavailable to the most advanced supercomputers. We review recent experimental progress in this field and comment on future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gross
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Immanuel Bloch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany. .,Germany Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80799 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
181
|
Schmidt R, Knap M, Ivanov DA, You JS, Cetina M, Demler E. Universal many-body response of heavy impurities coupled to a Fermi sea: a review of recent progress. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2018; 81:024401. [PMID: 29303118 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa9593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this report we discuss the dynamical response of heavy quantum impurities immersed in a Fermi gas at zero and at finite temperature. Studying both the frequency and the time domain allows one to identify interaction regimes that are characterized by distinct many-body dynamics. From this theoretical study a picture emerges in which impurity dynamics is universal on essentially all time scales, and where the high-frequency few-body response is related to the long-time dynamics of the Anderson orthogonality catastrophe by Tan relations. Our theoretical description relies on different and complementary approaches: functional determinants give an exact numerical solution for time- and frequency-resolved responses, bosonization provides accurate analytical expressions at low temperatures, and the theory of Toeplitz determinants allows one to analytically predict response up to high temperatures. Using these approaches we predict the thermal decoherence rate of the fermionic system and prove that within the considered model the fastest rate of long-time decoherence is given by [Formula: see text]. We show that Feshbach resonances in cold atomic systems give access to new interaction regimes where quantum effects can prevail even in the thermal regime of many-body dynamics. The key signature of this phenomenon is a crossover between different exponential decay rates of the real-time Ramsey signal. It is shown that the physics of the orthogonality catastrophe is experimentally observable up to temperatures [Formula: see text] where it leaves its fingerprint in a power-law temperature dependence of thermal spectral weight and we review how this phenomenon is related to the physics of heavy ions in liquid [Formula: see text]He and the formation of Fermi polarons. The presented results are in excellent agreement with recent experiments on LiK mixtures, and we predict several new phenomena that can be tested using currently available experimental technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Schmidt
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, United States of America. ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America. Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
182
|
Campbell SL, Hutson RB, Marti GE, Goban A, Darkwah Oppong N, McNally RL, Sonderhouse L, Robinson JM, Zhang W, Bloom BJ, Ye J. A Fermi-degenerate three-dimensional optical lattice clock. Science 2018; 358:90-94. [PMID: 28983047 DOI: 10.1126/science.aam5538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Strontium optical lattice clocks have the potential to simultaneously interrogate millions of atoms with a high spectroscopic quality factor of 4 × 1017 Previously, atomic interactions have forced a compromise between clock stability, which benefits from a large number of atoms, and accuracy, which suffers from density-dependent frequency shifts. Here we demonstrate a scalable solution that takes advantage of the high, correlated density of a degenerate Fermi gas in a three-dimensional (3D) optical lattice to guard against on-site interaction shifts. We show that contact interactions are resolved so that their contribution to clock shifts is orders of magnitude lower than in previous experiments. A synchronous clock comparison between two regions of the 3D lattice yields a measurement precision of 5 × 10-19 in 1 hour of averaging time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Campbell
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and University of Colorado Boulder, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - R B Hutson
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and University of Colorado Boulder, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - G E Marti
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and University of Colorado Boulder, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - A Goban
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and University of Colorado Boulder, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - N Darkwah Oppong
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and University of Colorado Boulder, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - R L McNally
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and University of Colorado Boulder, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - L Sonderhouse
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and University of Colorado Boulder, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - J M Robinson
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and University of Colorado Boulder, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - W Zhang
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and University of Colorado Boulder, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - B J Bloom
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and University of Colorado Boulder, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - J Ye
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and University of Colorado Boulder, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. .,Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| |
Collapse
|
183
|
An FA, Meier EJ, Ang'ong'a J, Gadway B. Correlated Dynamics in a Synthetic Lattice of Momentum States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:040407. [PMID: 29437415 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.040407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We study the influence of atomic interactions on quantum simulations in momentum-space lattices (MSLs), where driven transitions between discrete momentum states mimic transport between sites of a synthetic lattice. Low-energy atomic collisions, which are short ranged in real space, relate to nearly infinite-ranged interactions in momentum space. However, the added exchange energy between atoms in distinguishable momentum states leads to an effectively attractive, finite-ranged interaction between atoms in momentum space. In this Letter, we observe the onset of self-trapping driven by such interactions in a momentum-space double well, paving the way for more complex many-body studies in tailored MSLs. We consider the types of phenomena that may result from these interactions, including the formation of chiral solitons in zigzag flux lattices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhao Alex An
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3080, USA
| | - Eric J Meier
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3080, USA
| | - Jackson Ang'ong'a
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3080, USA
| | - Bryce Gadway
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3080, USA
| |
Collapse
|
184
|
Andrijauskas T, Spielman IB, Juzeliūnas G. Topological lattice using multi-frequency radiation. NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS 2018; 20:10.1088/1367-2630/aab7a3. [PMID: 30996650 PMCID: PMC6463519 DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/aab7a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We describe anoveltechniqueforcreatinganartificialmagneticfieldforultracoldatomsusinga periodicallypulsedpairofcounterpropagatingRamanlasersthatdrivetransitionsbetween a pair of internal atomic spin states: a multi-frequency coupling term. In conjunction with a magnetic field gradient, this dynamically generates a rectangular lattice with a non-staggered magnetic flux. For a wide range of parameters, the resulting Bloch bands have non-trivial topology, reminiscent of Landau levels, as quantified by their Chern numbers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Andrijauskas
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 3, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - I B Spielman
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park,MD20742-4111, United States of America
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg,MD20899, United States of America
| | - Gediminas Juzeliūnas
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 3, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
185
|
Tomita T, Nakajima S, Danshita I, Takasu Y, Takahashi Y. Observation of the Mott insulator to superfluid crossover of a driven-dissipative Bose-Hubbard system. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1701513. [PMID: 29291246 PMCID: PMC5744470 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Dissipation is ubiquitous in nature and plays a crucial role in quantum systems such as causing decoherence of quantum states. Recently, much attention has been paid to an intriguing possibility of dissipation as an efficient tool for the preparation and manipulation of quantum states. We report the realization of successful demonstration of a novel role of dissipation in a quantum phase transition using cold atoms. We realize an engineered dissipative Bose-Hubbard system by introducing a controllable strength of two-body inelastic collision via photoassociation for ultracold bosons in a three-dimensional optical lattice. In the dynamics subjected to a slow ramp-down of the optical lattice, we find that strong on-site dissipation favors the Mott insulating state: The melting of the Mott insulator is delayed, and the growth of the phase coherence is suppressed. The controllability of the dissipation is highlighted by quenching the dissipation, providing a novel method for investigating a quantum many-body state and its nonequilibrium dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Tomita
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shuta Nakajima
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ippei Danshita
- Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yosuke Takasu
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Takahashi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
186
|
Bettinger JS. Comparative approximations of criticality in a neural and quantum regime. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 131:445-462. [PMID: 29031703 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Under a variety of conditions, stochastic and non-linear systems with many degrees of freedom tend to evolve towards complexity and criticality. Over the last decades, a steady proliferation of models re: far-from-equilibrium thermodynamics of metastable, many-valued systems arose, serving as attributes of a 'critical' attractor landscape. Building off recent data citing trademark aspects of criticality in the brain-including: power-laws, scale-free (1/f) behavior (scale invariance, or scale independence), critical slowing, and avalanches-it has been conjectured that operating at criticality entails functional advantages such as: optimized neural computation and information processing; boosted memory; large dynamical ranges; long-range communication; and an increased ability to react to highly diverse stimuli. In short, critical dynamics provide a necessary condition for neurobiologically significant elements of brain dynamics. Theoretical predictions have been verified in specific models such as Boolean networks, liquid state machines, and neural networks. These findings inspired the neural criticality hypothesis, proposing that the brain operates in a critical state because the associated optimal computational capabilities provide an evolutionarily advantage. This paper develops in three parts: after developing the critical landscape, we will then shift gears to rediscover another inroad to criticality via stochastic quantum field theory and dissipative dynamics. The existence of these two approaches deserves some consideration, given both neural and quantum criticality hypotheses propose specific mechanisms that leverage the same phenomena. This suggests that understanding the quantum approach could help to shed light on brain-based modeling. In the third part, we will turn to Whitehead's actual entities and modes of perception in order to demonstrate a concomitant logic underwriting both models. In the discussion, I briefly motivate a reading of criticality and its properties as responsive to the characterization of tenets from Eastern wisdom traditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Sterling Bettinger
- Johns Hopkins University, Center for Talented Youth, Baltimore, MD, United States; Center for Process Studies, Claremont, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
187
|
Yamamoto D, Spielman IB, Sá de Melo CAR. Quantum Phases of Two-Component Bosons with Spin-Orbit Coupling in Optical Lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A 2017; 96:061603(R). [PMID: 30997438 PMCID: PMC6463873 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.96.061603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ultracold bosons in optical lattices are one of the few systems where bosonic matter is known to exhibit strong correlations. Here we push the frontier of our understanding of interacting bosons in optical lattices by adding synthetic spin-orbit coupling, and show that new kinds of density- and chiral-orders develop. The competition between the optical lattice period and the spin-orbit coupling length - which can be made comparable in experiments - along with the spin hybridization induced by a transverse field (i.e., Rabi coupling) and interparticle interactions create a rich variety of quantum phases including uniform, non-uniform and phase-separated superfluids, as well as Mott insulators. The spontaneous symmetry breaking phenomena at the transitions between them are explained by a two-order-parameter Ginzburg-Landau model with multiparticle umklapp processes. Finally, in order to characterize each phase, we calculated their experimentally measurable crystal momentum distributions. PACS numbers: 67.85.-d,67.85.Hj,67.85.Fg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama-Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - I B Spielman
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - C A R Sá de Melo
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| |
Collapse
|
188
|
Lopes R, Eigen C, Navon N, Clément D, Smith RP, Hadzibabic Z. Quantum Depletion of a Homogeneous Bose-Einstein Condensate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:190404. [PMID: 29219529 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.190404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We measure the quantum depletion of an interacting homogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate and confirm the 70-year-old theory of Bogoliubov. The observed condensate depletion is reversibly tunable by changing the strength of the interparticle interactions. Our atomic homogeneous condensate is produced in an optical-box trap, the interactions are tuned via a magnetic Feshbach resonance, and the condensed fraction is determined by momentum-selective two-photon Bragg scattering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Lopes
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Eigen
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Nir Navon
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - David Clément
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Robert P Smith
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Zoran Hadzibabic
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
189
|
Wang HX, Zhan A, Xu YD, Chen HY, You WL, Majumdar A, Jiang JH. Quantum many-body simulation using monolayer exciton-polaritons in coupled-cavities. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:445703. [PMID: 28853709 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa8933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantum simulation is a promising approach to understanding complex strongly correlated many-body systems using relatively simple and tractable systems. Photon-based quantum simulators have great advantages due to the possibility of direct measurements of multi-particle correlations and ease of simulating non-equilibrium physics. However, interparticle interaction in existing photonic systems is often too weak, limiting the potential for quantum simulation. Here we propose an approach to enhance the interparticle interaction using exciton-polaritons in MoS2 monolayer quantum dots embedded in 2D photonic crystal microcavities. Realistic calculation yields optimal repulsive interaction in the range of 1-10 meV-more than an order of magnitude greater than the state-of-the-art value. Such strong repulsive interaction is found to emerge neither in the photon-blockade regime for small quantum dot nor in the polariton-blockade regime for large quantum dot, but in the crossover between the two regimes with a moderate quantum-dot radius around 20 nm. The optimal repulsive interaction is found to be largest in MoS2 among commonly used optoelectronic materials. Quantum simulation of strongly correlated many-body systems in a finite chain of coupled cavities and its experimental signature are studied via the exact diagonalization of the many-body Hamiltonian. A method to simulate 1D superlattices for interacting exciton-polariton gases in serially coupled cavities is also proposed. Realistic considerations on experimental realizations reveal advantages of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayer quantum dots over conventional semiconductor quantum emitters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xiao Wang
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 1 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
190
|
Rakshit D, Mostowski J, Sowiński T, Załuska-Kotur M, Gajda M. On the observability of Pauli crystals in experiments with ultracold trapped Fermi gases. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15004. [PMID: 29101354 PMCID: PMC5670166 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14952-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The best known manifestation of the Fermi-Dirac statistics is the Pauli exclusion principle: no two identical fermions can occupy the same one-particle state. This principle enforces high-order correlations in systems of many identical fermions and is responsible for a particular geometric arrangement of trapped particles even when all mutual interactions are absent. These geometric structures, called Pauli crystals, are predicted for a system of N identical atoms trapped in a harmonic potential. They emerge as the most frequent configurations in a collection of single-shot pictures of the system. Here we study how fragile Pauli crystals are when realistic experimental limitations are taken into account. The influence of the number of single-shots pictures available to analysis, thermal fluctuations and finite efficiency of detection are considered. The role of these sources of noise on the possibility of experimental observation of Pauli crystals is shown and conditions necessary for the detection of the geometrical arrangements of particles are identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debraj Rakshit
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotnikow 32/46, PL-02668, Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Jan Mostowski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotnikow 32/46, PL-02668, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sowiński
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotnikow 32/46, PL-02668, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Magdalena Załuska-Kotur
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotnikow 32/46, PL-02668, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Mariusz Gajda
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotnikow 32/46, PL-02668, Warszawa, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
191
|
Gligorić G, Radosavljević A, Petrović J, Maluckov A, Hadžievski L, Malomed BA. Models of spin-orbit-coupled oligomers. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2017; 27:113102. [PMID: 29195332 DOI: 10.1063/1.5000345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We address the stability and dynamics of eigenmodes in linearly shaped strings (dimers, trimers, tetramers, and pentamers) built of droplets in a binary Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). The binary BEC is composed of atoms in two pseudo-spin states with attractive interactions, dressed by properly arranged laser fields, which induce the (pseudo-) spin-orbit (SO) coupling. We demonstrate that the SO-coupling terms help to create eigenmodes of particular types in the strings. Dimer, trimer, and pentamer eigenmodes of the linear system, which correspond to the zero eigenvalue (EV, alias chemical potential) extend into the nonlinear ones, keeping an exact analytical form, while tetramers do not admit such a continuation, because the respective spectrum does not contain a zero EV. Stability areas of these modes shrink with the increasing nonlinearity. Besides these modes, other types of nonlinear states, which are produced by the continuation of their linear counterparts corresponding to some nonzero EVs, are found in a numerical form (including ones for the tetramer system). They are stable in nearly entire existence regions in trimer and pentamer systems, but only in a very small area for the tetramers. Similar results are also obtained, but not displayed in detail, for hexa- and septamers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Gligorić
- P* group, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P. O. B. 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - A Radosavljević
- P* group, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P. O. B. 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - J Petrović
- P* group, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P. O. B. 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - A Maluckov
- P* group, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P. O. B. 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lj Hadžievski
- P* group, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P. O. B. 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - B A Malomed
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, and Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel and ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
192
|
Cedergren K, Ackroyd R, Kafanov S, Vogt N, Shnirman A, Duty T. Insulating Josephson Junction Chains as Pinned Luttinger Liquids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:167701. [PMID: 29099200 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.167701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantum physics in one spatial dimension is remarkably rich, yet even with strong interactions and disorder, surprisingly tractable. This is due to the fact that the low-energy physics of nearly all one-dimensional systems can be cast in terms of the Luttinger liquid, a key concept that parallels that of the Fermi liquid in higher dimensions. Although there have been many theoretical proposals to use linear chains and ladders of Josephson junctions to create novel quantum phases and devices, only modest progress has been made experimentally. One major roadblock has been understanding the role of disorder in such systems. We present experimental results that establish the insulating state of linear chains of submicron Josephson junctions as Luttinger liquids pinned by random offset charges, providing a one-dimensional implementation of the Bose glass, strongly validating the quantum many-body theory of one-dimensional disordered systems. The ubiquity of such an electronic glass in Josephson-junction chains has important implications for their proposed use as a fundamental current standard, which is based on synchronization of coherent tunneling of flux quanta (quantum phase slips).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Cedergren
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems (EQuS), School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Roger Ackroyd
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems (EQuS), School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Sergey Kafanov
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems (EQuS), School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Nicolas Vogt
- Chemical and Quantum Physics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Alexander Shnirman
- Institut für Theorie der Kondensierten Materie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, 119334 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Timothy Duty
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems (EQuS), School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
193
|
Yang B, Chen YY, Zheng YG, Sun H, Dai HN, Guan XW, Yuan ZS, Pan JW. Quantum criticality and the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid in one-dimensional Bose gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:165701. [PMID: 29099230 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.165701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally investigate the quantum criticality and Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) behavior within one-dimensional (1D) ultracold atomic gases. Based on the measured density profiles at different temperatures, the universal scaling laws of thermodynamic quantities are observed. The quantum critical regime and the relevant crossover temperatures are determined through the double-peak structure of the specific heat. In the TLL regime, we obtain the Luttinger parameter by probing sound propagation. Furthermore, a characteristic power-law behavior emerges in the measured momentum distributions of the 1D ultracold gas, confirming the existence of the TLL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yang-Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yong-Guang Zheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hui Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Han-Ning Dai
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xi-Wen Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Zhen-Sheng Yuan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
194
|
Gnatenko KP, Kargol A, Tkachuk VM. Two-time correlation functions and the Lee-Yang zeros for an interacting Bose gas. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:032116. [PMID: 29347006 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.032116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kh P Gnatenko
- Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Department for Theoretical Physics, 12 Drahomanov Street, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
| | - A Kargol
- Instytut Matematyki, Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Sklodowskiej, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - V M Tkachuk
- Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Department for Theoretical Physics, 12 Drahomanov Street, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
195
|
Thomas CK, Barter TH, Leung TH, Okano M, Jo GB, Guzman J, Kimchi I, Vishwanath A, Stamper-Kurn DM. Mean-Field Scaling of the Superfluid to Mott Insulator Transition in a 2D Optical Superlattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:100402. [PMID: 28949195 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The mean-field treatment of the Bose-Hubbard model predicts properties of lattice-trapped gases to be insensitive to the specific lattice geometry once system energies are scaled by the lattice coordination number z. We test this scaling directly by comparing coherence properties of ^{87}Rb gases that are driven across the superfluid to Mott insulator transition within optical lattices of either the kagome (z=4) or the triangular (z=6) geometries. The coherent fraction measured for atoms in the kagome lattice is lower than for those in a triangular lattice with the same interaction and tunneling energies. A comparison of measurements from both lattices agrees quantitatively with the scaling prediction. We also study the response of the gas to a change in lattice geometry, and observe the dynamics as a strongly interacting kagome-lattice gas is suddenly "hole doped" by introducing the additional sites of the triangular lattice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire K Thomas
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Thomas H Barter
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Tsz-Him Leung
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Masayuki Okano
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Gyu-Boong Jo
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jennie Guzman
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Itamar Kimchi
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Ashvin Vishwanath
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Dan M Stamper-Kurn
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
196
|
Wang Q, Quan HT. Probing the excited-state quantum phase transition through statistics of Loschmidt echo and quantum work. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:032142. [PMID: 29347042 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.032142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
By analyzing the probability distributions of the Loschmidt echo (LE) and quantum work, we examine the nonequilibrium effects of a quantum many-body system, which exhibits an excited-state quantum phase transition (ESQPT). We find that depending on the value of the controlling parameter the distribution of the LE displays different patterns. At the critical point of the ESQPT, both the averaged LE and the averaged work show a cusplike shape. Furthermore, by employing the finite-size scaling analysis of the averaged work, we obtain the critical exponent of the ESQPT. Finally, we show that at the critical point of ESQPT the eigenstate is a highly localized state, further highlighting the influence of the ESQPT on the properties of the many-body system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - H T Quan
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
197
|
Krinner S, Esslinger T, Brantut JP. Two-terminal transport measurements with cold atoms. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:343003. [PMID: 28749788 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa74a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the ability of cold atom experiments to explore condensed-matter-related questions has dramatically progressed. Transport experiments, in particular, have expanded to the point in which conductance and other transport coefficients can now be measured in a way that is directly analogous to solid-state physics, extending cold-atom-based quantum simulations into the domain of quantum electronic devices. In this topical review, we describe the transport experiments performed with cold gases in the two-terminal configuration, with an emphasis on the specific features of cold atomic gases compared to solid-state physics. We present the experimental techniques and the main experimental findings, focusing on-but not restricted to-the recent experiments performed by our group. We finally discuss the perspectives opened up by this approach, the main technical and conceptual challenges for future developments, and potential applications in quantum simulation for transport phenomena and mesoscopic physics problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Krinner
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
198
|
Umucalılar RO, Iskin M. BCS Theory of Time-Reversal-Symmetric Hofstadter-Hubbard Model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:085301. [PMID: 28952771 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.085301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The competition between the length scales associated with the periodicity of a lattice potential and the cyclotron radius of a uniform magnetic field is known to have dramatic effects on the single-particle properties of a quantum particle, e.g., the fractal spectrum is known as the Hofstadter butterfly. Having this intricate competition in mind, we consider a two-component Fermi gas on a square optical lattice with opposite synthetic magnetic fields for the components, and study its effects on the many-body BCS-pairing phenomenon. By a careful addressing of the distinct superfluid transitions from the semimetal, quantum spin-Hall insulator, or normal phases, we explore the low-temperature phase diagrams of the model, displaying lobe structures that are reminiscent of the well-known Mott-insulator transitions of the Bose-Hubbard model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R O Umucalılar
- Department of Physics, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450 Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Physics, Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, 34380 Şişli, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Iskin
- Department of Physics, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450 Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
199
|
Yan M, Hui HY, Rigol M, Scarola VW. Equilibration Dynamics of Strongly Interacting Bosons in 2D Lattices with Disorder. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:073002. [PMID: 28949694 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.073002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by recent optical lattice experiments [J.-y. Choi et al., Science 352, 1547 (2016)SCIEAS0036-807510.1126/science.aaf8834], we study the dynamics of strongly interacting bosons in the presence of disorder in two dimensions. We show that Gutzwiller mean-field theory (GMFT) captures the main experimental observations, which are a result of the competition between disorder and interactions. Our findings highlight the difficulty in distinguishing glassy dynamics, which can be captured by GMFT, and many-body localization, which cannot be captured by GMFT, and indicate the need for further experimental studies of this system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Yan
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Hoi-Yin Hui
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Marcos Rigol
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - V W Scarola
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| |
Collapse
|
200
|
Ancilotto F, Barranco M, Coppens F, Eloranta J, Halberstadt N, Hernando A, Mateo D, Pi M. Density functional theory of doped superfluid liquid helium and nanodroplets. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2017.1351672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ancilotto
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia ‘Galileo Galilei’ and CNISM, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
- CNR-IOM Democritos, Trieste, Italy
| | - Manuel Barranco
- Facultat de Física, Departament FQA, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratoire des Collisions, Agrégats et Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université Toulouse 3 and CNRS, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - François Coppens
- Laboratoire des Collisions, Agrégats et Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université Toulouse 3 and CNRS, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Jussi Eloranta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University at Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Nadine Halberstadt
- Laboratoire des Collisions, Agrégats et Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université Toulouse 3 and CNRS, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Alberto Hernando
- Social Thermodynamics Applied Research (SThAR), EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Mateo
- Applied Complexity Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Martí Pi
- Facultat de Física, Departament FQA, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|