151
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Seno K, Yasunaga M, Kajiya H, Izaki-Hagio K, Morita H, Yoneda M, Hirofuji T, Ohno J. Dynamics of M1 macrophages in oral mucosal lesions during the development of acute graft-versus-host disease in rats. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 190:315-327. [PMID: 28862740 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of macrophage infiltrates in oral mucosal acute graft-versus-host disease (AGVHD) remains unclear, although clinical studies suggest that macrophage infiltration correlates directly with the severity of AGVHD. In this study, we investigated the role of M1 macrophage infiltration in the oral mucosa of rats with AGVHD. Lewis rat spleen cells were injected into (Lewis × Brown Norway) F1 rats to induce systemic GVHD. Tongue samples were evaluated using histology, immunohistochemistry, dual immunofluorescence, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Transwell migration assays and Stamper-Woodruff binding assays. At the onset of oral mucosal AGVHD, dual immunofluorescence and migration assays revealed that M1 macrophages had accumulated in the basement membrane (BM) region via the laminin/CD29 β1 integrin pathway. Macrophage-secreted matrix metalloproteinase-2 was related to BM degradation. The adhesion of macrophages to the oral epithelium could be inhibited by pretreating macrophages with a CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) antibody and/or pretreating lesion sections with monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) antibody. Our data show that the migration and adhesion of M1 macrophages are associated with oral mucosal AGVHD, which is mediated in part by both laminin/CD29 β 1 intern and MCP-1/CCR2 pathways. Therefore, our study provides additional support for the contribution of macrophage infiltrate to the development of oral mucosal AGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Seno
- Section of General Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - M Yasunaga
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.,Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - H Kajiya
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.,Section of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - K Izaki-Hagio
- Section of General Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.,Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - H Morita
- Section of General Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - M Yoneda
- Section of General Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - T Hirofuji
- Section of General Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - J Ohno
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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152
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Zhang J, Li Z, Chen F, Liu H, Wang H, Li X, Liu X, Wang J, Zheng Z. TGF-β1 suppresses CCL3/4 expression through the ERK signaling pathway and inhibits intervertebral disc degeneration and inflammation-related pain in a rat model. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e379. [PMID: 28935976 PMCID: PMC5628275 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the regulatory effects of TGF-β1 on CCL3/4 expression and inflammation-related pain during intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). TGF-β1 and CCL3/4 expression patterns in different degenerative human nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues were measured by qPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC), and the effects of TGF-β1 on CCL3/4 expression were measured by qPCR, ELISA and immunofluorescence. The roles of NF-κB and MAPK in TGF-β1-mediated CCL3/4 promoter activity were studied using siRNAs, western blotting and qPCR. After establishing an IVDD rat model in vivo, we administered intradiscal injections of TGF-β1. The effects of TGF-β1 on IVDD were determined by MRI and histological analyses, and the effects of TGF-β1 on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) inflammation and pain development were determined by IHC staining and pain-behavior testing, respectively. TGF-β1 and CCL3/4 expression was elevated in degenerative NP tissue. CCL4 expression was significantly inhibited by TGF-β1 treatment. Pharmacological inhibition or siRNA knockdown of the ERK1/2 signaling attenuated TGF-β1-mediated suppression of CCL4 expression. In vivo, TGF-β1 injection inhibited the development of degenerative features in the IVDD model. Moreover, TGF-β1 prevented the inflammatory response and pain development. The results of this study show that TGF-β1 downregulates CCL4 expression through ERK1/2 signaling activation in NP cells. Furthermore, TGF-β1 can prevent degenerative processes, inhibit inflammatory responses in the DRG and prevent pain development in the IVDD rat model. The results of this study indicate that TGF-β1 may represent a therapeutic target for the control of inflammation-related pain associated with IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zemin Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianguo Liu
- Department of Pain Research Center, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianru Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaomin Zheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pain Research Center, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China
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153
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Ge B, Jiang X, Chen Y, Sun T, Yang Q, Huang F. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies reveal chemokine homologues CC11 and CC24 with an almost identical tertiary structure have different folding pathways. BMC BIOPHYSICS 2017; 10:7. [PMID: 28919974 PMCID: PMC5596964 DOI: 10.1186/s13628-017-0039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteins with low sequence identity but almost identical tertiary structure and function have been valuable to uncover the relationship between sequence, tertiary structure, folding mechanism and functions. Two homologous chemokines, CCL11 and CCL24, with low sequence identity but similar tertiary structure and function, provide an excellent model system for respective studies. RESULTS The kinetics and thermodynamics of the two homologous chemokines were systematically characterized. Despite their similar tertiary structures, CCL11 and CCL24 show different thermodynamic stability in guanidine hydrochloride titration, with D50% = 2.20 M and 4.96 M, respectively. The kinetics curves clearly show two phases in the folding/unfolding processes of both CCL11 and CCL24, which suggests the existence of an intermediate state in their folding/unfolding processes. The folding pathway of both CCL11 and CCL24 could be well described using a folding model with an on-pathway folding intermediate. However, the folding kinetics and stability of the intermediate state of CCL11 and CCL24 are obviously different. CONCLUSION Our results suggest homologous proteins with low sequence identity can display almost identical tertiary structure, but very different folding mechanisms, which applies to homologues in the chemokine protein family, extending the general applicability of the above observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baosheng Ge
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Jiang
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580 People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Chen
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580 People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuxia Yang
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580 People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Huang
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580 People's Republic of China
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154
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Gulati K, Jamsandekar M, Poluri KM. Mechanistic insights into molecular evolution of species-specific differential glycosaminoglycan binding surfaces in growth-related oncogene chemokines. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:171059. [PMID: 28989790 PMCID: PMC5627130 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines involved in leucocyte trafficking to infected tissue. Growth-related oncogene (GRO) chemokines namely CXCL1, CXCL2 and CXCL3 are neutrophil activating chemokines sharing a conserved three-dimensional structure, but encompassing functional diversity due to gene duplication and evolutionary events. However, the evolutionary mechanisms including selection pressures involved in diversification of GRO genes have not yet been characterized. Here, we performed comprehensive evolutionary analysis of GRO genes among different mammalian species. Phylogenetic analysis illustrated a species-specific evolution pattern. Selection analysis evidenced that these genes have undergone concerted evolution. Seventeen positively selected sites were obtained, although the majority of the protein is under purifying selection. Interestingly, these positively selected sites are more concentrated on the C-terminal/glycosaminoglycan (GAG) binding and dimerization segment compared to receptor binding domain. Substitution rate analysis confirmed the C-terminal domain of GRO genes as the highest substituted segment. Further, structural analysis established that the nucleotide alterations in the GAG binding domain are the source of surface charge modulation, thus generating the differential GAG binding surfaces and multiple binding sites as per evolutionary pressure, although the helical surface is primordial for GAG binding. Indeed, such variable electrostatic surfaces are crucial to regulate chemokine gradient formation during a host's defence against pathogens and also explain the significance of chemokine promiscuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Gulati
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Minal Jamsandekar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
- Author for correspondence: Krishna Mohan Poluri e-mail: ;
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155
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Hayward J, Sanchez J, Perry A, Huang C, Rodriguez Valle M, Canals M, Payne RJ, Stone MJ. Ticks from diverse genera encode chemokine-inhibitory evasin proteins. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:15670-15680. [PMID: 28778927 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.807255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To prolong residence on their hosts, ticks secrete many salivary factors that target host defense molecules. In particular, the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus has been shown to produce three salivary glycoproteins named "evasins," which bind to host chemokines, thereby inhibiting the recruitment of leukocytes to the location of the tick bite. Using sequence similarity searches, we have identified 257 new putative evasin sequences encoded by the genomes or salivary or visceral transcriptomes of numerous hard ticks, spanning the genera Rhipicephalus, Amblyomma, and Ixodes of the Ixodidae family. Nine representative sequences were successfully expressed in Escherichia coli, and eight of the nine candidates exhibited high-affinity binding to human chemokines. Sequence alignments enabled classification of the evasins into two subfamilies: C8 evasins share a conserved set of eight Cys residues (four disulfide bonds), whereas C6 evasins have only three of these disulfide bonds. Most of the identified sequences contain predicted secretion leader sequences, N-linked glycosylation sites, and a putative site of tyrosine sulfation. We conclude that chemokine-binding evasin proteins are widely expressed among tick species of the Ixodidae family, are likely to play important roles in subverting host defenses, and constitute a valuable pool of anti-inflammatory proteins for potential future therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Hayward
- From the Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Julie Sanchez
- From the Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Andrew Perry
- the Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Cheng Huang
- From the Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Manuel Rodriguez Valle
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010
| | - Meritxell Canals
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, and
| | - Richard J Payne
- the School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Martin J Stone
- From the Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
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156
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Álvarez E, Toledano V, Morilla F, Hernández-Jiménez E, Cubillos-Zapata C, Varela-Serrano A, Casas-Martín J, Avendaño-Ortiz J, Aguirre LA, Arnalich F, Maroun-Eid C, Martín-Quirós A, Quintana Díaz M, López-Collazo E. A System Dynamics Model to Predict the Human Monocyte Response to Endotoxins. Front Immunol 2017; 8:915. [PMID: 28824640 PMCID: PMC5540970 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
System dynamics is a powerful tool that allows modeling of complex and highly networked systems such as those found in the human immune system. We have developed a model that reproduces how the exposure of human monocytes to lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) induces an inflammatory state characterized by high production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), which is rapidly modulated to enter into a tolerant state, known as endotoxin tolerance (ET). The model contains two subsystems with a total of six states, seven flows, two auxiliary variables, and 14 parameters that interact through six differential and nine algebraic equations. The parameters were estimated and optimized to obtain a model that fits the experimental data obtained from human monocytes treated with various LPS doses. In contrast to publications on other animal models, stimulation of human monocytes with super-low-dose LPSs did not alter the response to a second LPSs challenge, neither inducing ET, nor enhancing the inflammatory response. Moreover, the model confirms the low production of TNFα and increased levels of C-C motif ligand 2 when monocytes exhibit a tolerant state similar to that of patients with sepsis. At present, the model can help us better understand the ET response and might offer new insights on sepsis diagnostics and prognosis by examining the monocyte response to endotoxins in patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Álvarez
- Innate Immunity Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,EMPIREO S.L., Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Toledano
- Innate Immunity Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research Network, CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Morilla
- Department of Information Technology and Automation, ETSI Information Technology, National University of Distance Learning UNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Hernández-Jiménez
- Innate Immunity Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research Network, CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Cubillos-Zapata
- Innate Immunity Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research Network, CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aníbal Varela-Serrano
- Innate Immunity Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Casas-Martín
- Innate Immunity Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Avendaño-Ortiz
- Innate Immunity Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A Aguirre
- Innate Immunity Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Eduardo López-Collazo
- Innate Immunity Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research Network, CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
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157
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Evaluation of Interleukin 8 gene polymorphism for predicting inflammation in Indian chronic kidney disease and peritoneal dialysis patients. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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158
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Lohmann N, Schirmer L, Atallah P, Wandel E, Ferrer RA, Werner C, Simon JC, Franz S, Freudenberg U. Glycosaminoglycan-based hydrogels capture inflammatory chemokines and rescue defective wound healing in mice. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:9/386/eaai9044. [PMID: 28424334 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aai9044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Excessive production of inflammatory chemokines can cause chronic inflammation and thus impair cutaneous wound healing. Capturing chemokine signals using wound dressing materials may offer powerful new treatment modalities for chronic wounds. Here, a modular hydrogel based on end-functionalized star-shaped polyethylene glycol (starPEG) and derivatives of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) heparin was customized for maximal chemokine sequestration. The material is shown to effectively scavenge the inflammatory chemokines MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), IL-8 (interleukin-8), and MIP-1α (macrophage inflammatory protein-1α) and MIP-1β (macrophage inflammatory protein-1β) in wound fluids from patients suffering from chronic venous leg ulcers and to reduce the migratory activity of human monocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils. In an in vivo model of delayed wound healing (db/db mice), starPEG-GAG hydrogels outperformed the standard-of-care product Promogran with respect to reduction of inflammation, as well as increased granulation tissue formation, vascularization, and wound closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Lohmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Collaborative Research Center (SFB-TR67) "Functional Biomaterials for Controlling Healing Processes in Bone and Skin-From Material Science to Clinical Application," Leipzig and Dresden, Germany
| | - Lucas Schirmer
- Collaborative Research Center (SFB-TR67) "Functional Biomaterials for Controlling Healing Processes in Bone and Skin-From Material Science to Clinical Application," Leipzig and Dresden, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Passant Atallah
- Collaborative Research Center (SFB-TR67) "Functional Biomaterials for Controlling Healing Processes in Bone and Skin-From Material Science to Clinical Application," Leipzig and Dresden, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Elke Wandel
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Collaborative Research Center (SFB-TR67) "Functional Biomaterials for Controlling Healing Processes in Bone and Skin-From Material Science to Clinical Application," Leipzig and Dresden, Germany
| | - Ruben A Ferrer
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Collaborative Research Center (SFB-TR67) "Functional Biomaterials for Controlling Healing Processes in Bone and Skin-From Material Science to Clinical Application," Leipzig and Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Collaborative Research Center (SFB-TR67) "Functional Biomaterials for Controlling Healing Processes in Bone and Skin-From Material Science to Clinical Application," Leipzig and Dresden, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan C Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Collaborative Research Center (SFB-TR67) "Functional Biomaterials for Controlling Healing Processes in Bone and Skin-From Material Science to Clinical Application," Leipzig and Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Franz
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. .,Collaborative Research Center (SFB-TR67) "Functional Biomaterials for Controlling Healing Processes in Bone and Skin-From Material Science to Clinical Application," Leipzig and Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Collaborative Research Center (SFB-TR67) "Functional Biomaterials for Controlling Healing Processes in Bone and Skin-From Material Science to Clinical Application," Leipzig and Dresden, Germany. .,Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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159
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Huma ZE, Sanchez J, Lim HD, Bridgford JL, Huang C, Parker BJ, Pazhamalil JG, Porebski BT, Pfleger KDG, Lane JR, Canals M, Stone MJ. Key determinants of selective binding and activation by the monocyte chemoattractant proteins at the chemokine receptor CCR2. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/480/eaai8529. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aai8529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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160
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Kufareva I, Gustavsson M, Zheng Y, Stephens BS, Handel TM. What Do Structures Tell Us About Chemokine Receptor Function and Antagonism? Annu Rev Biophys 2017; 46:175-198. [PMID: 28532213 PMCID: PMC5764094 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-051013-022942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines and their cell surface G protein-coupled receptors are critical for cell migration, not only in many fundamental biological processes but also in inflammatory diseases and cancer. Recent X-ray structures of two chemokines complexed with full-length receptors provided unprecedented insight into the atomic details of chemokine recognition and receptor activation, and computational modeling informed by new experiments leverages these insights to gain understanding of many more receptor:chemokine pairs. In parallel, chemokine receptor structures with small molecules reveal the complicated and diverse structural foundations of small molecule antagonism and allostery, highlight the inherent physicochemical challenges of receptor:chemokine interfaces, and suggest novel epitopes that can be exploited to overcome these challenges. The structures and models promote unique understanding of chemokine receptor biology, including the interpretation of two decades of experimental studies, and will undoubtedly assist future drug discovery endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kufareva
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; ,
| | - Martin Gustavsson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; ,
| | - Yi Zheng
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; ,
| | - Bryan S Stephens
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; ,
| | - Tracy M Handel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; ,
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161
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Ahmed M, Basheer HA, Ayuso JM, Ahmet D, Mazzini M, Patel R, Shnyder SD, Vinader V, Afarinkia K. Agarose Spot as a Comparative Method for in situ Analysis of Simultaneous Chemotactic Responses to Multiple Chemokines. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1075. [PMID: 28432337 PMCID: PMC5430824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00949-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a novel protocol to quantitatively and simultaneously compare the chemotactic responses of cells towards different chemokines. In this protocol, droplets of agarose gel containing different chemokines are applied onto the surface of a Petri dish, and then immersed under culture medium in which cells are suspended. As chemokine molecules diffuse away from the spot, a transient chemoattractant gradient is established across the spots. Cells expressing the corresponding cognate chemokine receptors migrate against this gradient by crawling under the agarose spots towards their centre. We show that this migration is chemokine-specific; meaning that only cells that express the cognate chemokine cell surface receptor, migrate under the spot containing its corresponding chemokine ligand. Furthermore, we show that migration under the agarose spot can be modulated by selective small molecule antagonists present in the cell culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaned Ahmed
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Haneen A Basheer
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Jose M Ayuso
- Group of Structural Mechanics and Material Modelling, Universidad Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, and The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Djevdet Ahmet
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Mazzini
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Universitá Degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Roshan Patel
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Steven D Shnyder
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Vinader
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Kamyar Afarinkia
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom.
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162
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Nandi A, Bishayi B. CCR-2 neutralization augments murine fresh BMC activation by Staphylococcus aureus via two distinct mechanisms: at the level of ROS production and cytokine response. Innate Immun 2017; 23:345-372. [PMID: 28409543 DOI: 10.1177/1753425917697806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CCR-2 signaling regulates recruitment of monocytes from the bone marrow into the bloodstream and then to sites of infection. We sought to determine whether CCL-2/CCR-2 signaling is involved in the killing of Staphylococcus aureus by murine bone marrow cells (BMCs). The intermittent link of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-NF-κB/p38-MAPK-mediated CCL-2 production in CCR-2 signaling prompted us to determine whether neutralization of CCR-2 augments the response of murine fresh BMCs (FBMCs) after S. aureus infection. It was observed that anti-CCR-2 Ab-treated FBMCs released fewer ROS on encountering S. aureus infection than CCR-2 non-neutralized FBMCs, also correlating with reduced killing of S. aureus in CCR-2 neutralized FBMCs. Staphylococcal catalase and SOD were also found to play a role in protecting S. aureus from the ROS-mediated killing of FBMC. S. aureus infection of CCR-2 intact FBMCs pre-treated with either NF-κB or p-38-MAPK blocker induced less CCL-2, suggesting that NF-κB or p-38-MAPK is required for CCL-2 production by FBMCs. Moreover, blocking of CCR-2 along with NF-κB or p-38-MAPK resulted in elevated CCL-2 production and reduced CCR-2 expression. Inhibition of CCR-2 impairs the response of murine BMCs to S. aureus infection by attenuation ROS production and modulating the cytokine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeya Nandi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, West Bengal, India
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163
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Interest of colchicine in the treatment of acute myocardial infarct responsible for heart failure in a mouse model. Int J Cardiol 2017; 240:347-353. [PMID: 28395979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.03.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is deeply involved in the pathophysiology of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) lesions and ventricular remodeling due to an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Colchicine as a pleiotropic anti-inflammatory molecule may exert cardioprotective effects under acute ischemia. Here, we aimed to evaluate the impact of colchicine on reperfusion injury in a mouse model. METHOD Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury was induced in C57BL/6 male mice, after 45min ligation of the left coronary artery followed by reperfusion. 400μg/kg of colchicine or the vehicle was administrated intraperitoneally (i.p.) 25min before the reperfusion (blinded administration). Mice were sacrificed at 24h after the acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) and the infarct size was determined. Circulating level of troponin and cytokines profile were assessed 4h after the AMI. An echocardiography was performed in a follow-up group mice, 48h and 8weeks after the AMI. RESULTS The infarct size was reduced in colchicine treated mice (39.8±3.5% versus 52.9±3.2%, p<0.05). Troponin was significantly lower in the colchicine treated mice (7015.7±1423.7pg/mL, n=5 vs 30,723.7±7959.9pg/mL in the placebo group, n=6; p<0.0001). Fibrosis was decreased in the Colchicine group (24.51±3.13% vs 11.38±2.46%, p=0.03). In the follow-up group mice (n=8), there were no differences between mice treated with placebo (n=9) and mice treated with colchicine (n=9) regarding to cardiac remodeling parameters but outflow approximated by the ITV was higher in the colchicine group. CONCLUSION In conclusion, colchicine allowed a significant reduction of infarct size in mice, improves hemodynamic parameters and decrease cardiac fibrosis.
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Cai Q, Li Y, Pei G. Polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum attenuate microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and modulate microglial phagocytosis and behavioural response. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:63. [PMID: 28340576 PMCID: PMC5364682 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ganoderma lucidum (GL) has been widely used in Asian countries for hundreds of years to promote health and longevity. The pharmacological functions of which had been classified, including the activation of innate immune responses, suppression of tumour and modulation of cell proliferations. Effective fractions of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) had already been reported to regulate the immune system. Nevertheless, the role of GLP in the microglia-mediated neuroinflammation has not been sufficiently elucidated. Further, GLP effect on microglial behavioural modulations in correlation with the inflammatory responses remains to be unravelled. The aim of this work was to quantitatively analyse the contributions of GLP on microglia. Methods The BV2 microglia and primary mouse microglia were stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and amyloid beta42 (Aβ42) oligomer, respectively. Investigation on the effect of GLP was carried by quantitative determination of the microglial pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expressions and behavioural modulations including migration, morphology and phagocytosis. Analysis of microglial morphology and phagocytosis modulations was confirmed in the zebrafish brain. Results Quantitative results revealed that GLP down-regulates LPS- or Aβ-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and promotes anti-inflammatory cytokine expressions in BV-2 and primary microglia. In addition, GLP attenuates inflammation-related microglial migration, morphological alterations and phagocytosis probabilities. We also showed that modulations of microglial behavioural responses were associated with MCP-1 and C1q expressions. Conclusions Overall, our study provides an insight into the GLP regulation of LPS- and Aβ-induced neuroinflammation and serves an implication that the neuroprotective function of GLP might be achieved through modulation of microglial inflammatory and behavioural responses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0839-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Gang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Ravindran D, Ridiandries A, Vanags LZ, Henriquez R, Cartland S, Tan JTM, Bursill CA. Chemokine binding protein 'M3' limits atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-/- mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173224. [PMID: 28282403 PMCID: PMC5345809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are important in macrophage recruitment and the progression of atherosclerosis. The ‘M3’ chemokine binding protein inactivates key chemokines involved in atherosclerosis (e.g. CCL2, CCL5 and CX3CL1). We aimed to determine the effect of M3 on plaque development and composition. In vitro chemotaxis studies confirmed that M3 protein inhibited the activity of chemokines CCL2, CCL5 and CX3CL1 as primary human monocyte migration as well as CCR2-, CCR5- and CX3CR1-directed migration was attenuated by M3. In vivo, adenoviruses encoding M3 (AdM3) or green fluorescence protein (AdGFP; control) were infused systemically into apolipoprotein (apo)-E-/- mice. Two models of atherosclerosis development were used in which the rate of plaque progression was varied by diet including: (1) a ‘rapid promotion’ model (6-week high-fat-fed) and (2) a ‘slow progression’ model (12-week chow-fed). Plasma chemokine activity was suppressed in AdM3-infused mice as indicated by significantly less monocyte migration towards AdM3 mouse plasma ex vivo (29.56%, p = 0.014). In the ‘slow progression’ model AdM3 mice had reduced lesion area (45.3%, p = 0.035) and increased aortic smooth muscle cell α-actin expression (60.3%, p = 0.014). The reduction in lesion size could not be explained by changes in circulating inflammatory monocytes as they were higher in the AdM3 group. In the ‘rapid promotion’ model AdM3 mice had no changes in plaque size but reduced plaque macrophage content (46.8%, p = 0.006) and suppressed lipid deposition in thoracic aortas (66.9%, p<0.05). There was also a reduction in phosphorylated p65, the active subunit of NF-κb, in the aortas of AdM3 mice (37.3%, p<0.0001). M3 inhibited liver CCL2 concentrations in both models with no change in CCL5 or systemic chemokine levels. These findings show M3 causes varying effects on atherosclerosis progression and plaque composition depending on the rate of lesion progression. Overall, our studies support a promising role for chemokine inhibition with M3 for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya Ravindran
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anisyah Ridiandries
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laura Z. Vanags
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rodney Henriquez
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Siân Cartland
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joanne T. M. Tan
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christina A. Bursill
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Giordano S, Zhao X, Chen YF, Litovsky SH, Hage FG, Townes TM, Sun CW, Wu LC, Oparil S, Xing D. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells Overexpressing Interleukin-8 Receptors A/B and/or C-C Chemokine Receptors 2/5 Inhibit Vascular Injury Response. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1168-1177. [PMID: 28233474 PMCID: PMC5442847 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages to the site of vascular injury is mediated by binding of chemoattractants to interleukin (IL) 8 receptors RA and RB (IL8RA/B) C‐C chemokine receptors (CCR) 2 and 5 expressed on neutrophil and monocyte/macrophage membranes. Endothelial cells (ECs) derived from rat‐induced pluripotent stem cells (RiPS) were transduced with adenovirus containing cDNA of IL8RA/B and/or CCR2/5. We hypothesized that RiPS‐ECs overexpressing IL8RA/B (RiPS‐IL8RA/B‐ECs), CCR2/5 (RiPS‐CCR2/5‐ECs), or both receptors (RiPS‐IL8RA/B+CCR2/5‐ECs) will inhibit inflammatory responses and neointima formation in balloon‐injured rat carotid artery. Twelve‐week‐old male Sprague‐Dawley rats underwent balloon injury of the right carotid artery and intravenous infusion of (a) saline vehicle, (b) control RiPS‐Null‐ECs (ECs transduced with empty virus), (c) RiPS‐IL8RA/B‐ECs, (d) RiPS‐CCR2/5‐ECs, or (e) RiPS‐IL8RA/B+CCR2/5‐ECs. Inflammatory mediator expression and leukocyte infiltration were measured in injured and uninjured arteries at 24 hours postinjury by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Neointima formation was assessed at 14 days postinjury. RiPS‐ECs expressing the IL8RA/B or CCR2/5 homing device targeted the injured arteries and decreased injury‐induced inflammatory cytokine expression, neutrophil/macrophage infiltration, and neointima formation. Transfused RiPS‐ECs overexpressing IL8RA/B and/or CCR2/5 prevented inflammatory responses and neointima formation after vascular injury. Targeted delivery of iPS‐ECs with a homing device to inflammatory mediators in injured arteries provides a novel strategy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:1168–1177
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Giordano
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Xiangmin Zhao
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yiu-Fai Chen
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Silvio H Litovsky
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Fadi G Hage
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Section of Cardiology, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Tim M Townes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Chiao-Wang Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Li-Chen Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Suzanne Oparil
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Dongqi Xing
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Stone MJ, Hayward JA, Huang C, E Huma Z, Sanchez J. Mechanisms of Regulation of the Chemokine-Receptor Network. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E342. [PMID: 28178200 PMCID: PMC5343877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions of chemokines with their G protein-coupled receptors promote the migration of leukocytes during normal immune function and as a key aspect of the inflammatory response to tissue injury or infection. This review summarizes the major cellular and biochemical mechanisms by which the interactions of chemokines with chemokine receptors are regulated, including: selective and competitive binding interactions; genetic polymorphisms; mRNA splice variation; variation of expression, degradation and localization; down-regulation by atypical (decoy) receptors; interactions with cell-surface glycosaminoglycans; post-translational modifications; oligomerization; alternative signaling responses; and binding to natural or pharmacological inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Stone
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Jenni A Hayward
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Cheng Huang
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Zil E Huma
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Julie Sanchez
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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168
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Li Z, Wang X, Pan H, Yang H, Li X, Zhang K, Wang H, Zheng Z, Liu H, Wang J. Resistin promotes CCL4 expression through toll-like receptor-4 and activation of the p38-MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways: implications for intervertebral disc degeneration. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:341-350. [PMID: 27737814 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was to investigate whether resistin induces the expression of chemokine ligand 4 (CCL4) during Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and whether toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway are involved in this process. METHODS The expression pattern of resistin and CCL4 in different degenerated human nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR); Effect of resistin on the migration of macrophages was measured by cell migration assay. Resistin-induced CCL4 expression were analyzed by qPCR, Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and cell immunofluorescence. Involvement of TLR-4, p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK), and NF-κB signaling pathways were studied by small interfering RNA (siRNA) or Lenti-virus mediated knockdown, co-immunoprecipitation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. RESULTS Expression of resistin and CCL4 was elevated in degenerated NP tissue. Resistin promoted macrophage migration through CCL4 and its receptor. Expression of CCL4 was significantly increased by resistin treatment. The pharmacological inhibition or siRNA knockdown of TLR-4 blocked the resistin-induced CCL4 expression. Co-immunoprecipitation data confirmed the binding of resistin to TLR4. Pharmacological inhibition of the NF-κB and p38-MAPK signaling pathways attenuated the resistin-induced CCL4 expression. A ChIP assay and lentivirus mediated knockdown showed that resistin regulate CCL4 expression through p65. CONCLUSION This study shows that resistin binds to TLR4 and increase the expression of CCL4 through p38-MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in NP cells, and this expression causes infiltration of macrophages. This study might provide a feasible therapeutic target for controlling the inflammatory response associated with IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - X Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - H Pan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - H Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - X Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - K Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The 5th Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Z Zheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - H Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - J Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
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Kim JO, Kim JO, Kim WS, Oh MJ. Characterization of the Transcriptome and Gene Expression of Brain Tissue in Sevenband Grouper (Hyporthodus septemfasciatus) in Response to NNV Infection. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8010031. [PMID: 28098800 PMCID: PMC5295026 DOI: 10.3390/genes8010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Grouper is one of the favorite sea food resources in Southeast Asia. However, the outbreaks of the viral nervous necrosis (VNN) disease due to nervous necrosis virus (NNV) infection have caused mass mortality of grouper larvae. Many aqua-farms have suffered substantial financial loss due to the occurrence of VNN. To better understand the infection mechanism of NNV, we performed the transcriptome analysis of sevenband grouper brain tissue, the main target of NNV infection. After artificial NNV challenge, transcriptome of brain tissues of sevenband grouper was subjected to next generation sequencing (NGS) using an Illumina Hi-seq 2500 system. Both mRNAs from pooled samples of mock and NNV-infected sevenband grouper brains were sequenced. Clean reads of mock and NNV-infected samples were de novo assembled and obtained 104,348 unigenes. In addition, 628 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to NNV infection were identified. This result could provide critical information not only for the identification of genes involved in NNV infection, but for the understanding of the response of sevenband groupers to NNV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Oh Kim
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, College of Fisheries and Ocean Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 550-749, Korea.
| | - Jae-Ok Kim
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, College of Fisheries and Ocean Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 550-749, Korea.
| | - Wi-Sik Kim
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, College of Fisheries and Ocean Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 550-749, Korea.
| | - Myung-Joo Oh
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, College of Fisheries and Ocean Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 550-749, Korea.
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170
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The Role of Tissue Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation on NAFLD Pathogenesis and Its Clinical Implications. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:8162421. [PMID: 28115795 PMCID: PMC5237469 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8162421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The obese phenotype is characterized by a state of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation that contributes to the development of comorbidities, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In fact, NAFLD is often associated with adipocyte enlargement and consequent macrophage recruitment and inflammation. Macrophage polarization is often associated with the proinflammatory state in adipose tissue. In particular, an increase of M1 macrophages number or of M1/M2 ratio triggers the production and secretion of various proinflammatory signals (i.e., adipocytokines). Next, these inflammatory factors may reach the liver leading to local M1/M2 macrophage polarization and consequent onset of the histological damage characteristic of NAFLD. Thus, the role of macrophage polarization and inflammatory signals appears to be central for pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD, even if the heterogeneity of macrophages and molecular mechanisms that govern their phenotype switch remain incompletely understood. In this review, we discuss the role of adipose and liver tissue macrophage-mediated inflammation in experimental and human NAFLD. This focus is relevant because it may help researchers that approach clinical and experimental studies on this disease advancing the knowledge of mechanisms that could be targeted in order to revert NAFLD-related fibrosis.
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Mizuno M, Sakane I, Minato KI, Watanabe J, Hashimoto T. Hot Water Extract of <i>Grifola gargal</i> Possesses Anti-inflammatory Activity. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.23.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Mizuno
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
| | | | - Ken-ichiro Minato
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University
| | - Junya Watanabe
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
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Huet F, Akodad M, Fauconnier J, Lacampagne A, Roubille F. Anti-inflammatory drugs as promising cardiovascular treatments. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2016; 15:109-125. [DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2017.1273771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Huet
- Cardiology Department, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier cedex, France
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier cedex, France
| | - Mariama Akodad
- Cardiology Department, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier cedex, France
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier cedex, France
| | - Jérémy Fauconnier
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier cedex, France
| | - Alain Lacampagne
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier cedex, France
| | - François Roubille
- Cardiology Department, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier cedex, France
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier cedex, France
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Gasteiger G, D'Osualdo A, Schubert DA, Weber A, Bruscia EM, Hartl D. Cellular Innate Immunity: An Old Game with New Players. J Innate Immun 2016; 9:111-125. [PMID: 28006777 DOI: 10.1159/000453397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is a rapidly evolving field with novel cell types and molecular pathways being discovered and paradigms changing continuously. Innate and adaptive immune responses are traditionally viewed as separate from each other, but emerging evidence suggests that they overlap and mutually interact. Recently discovered cell types, particularly innate lymphoid cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, are gaining increasing attention. Here, we summarize and highlight current concepts in the field, focusing on innate immune cells as well as the inflammasome and DNA sensing which appear to be critical for the activation and orchestration of innate immunity, and may provide novel therapeutic opportunities for treating autoimmune, autoinflammatory, and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Gasteiger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Freiburg, Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
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Andrade I, Silva T, Silva G, Teixeira A, Teixeira M. The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Type 1 in Orthodontic Tooth Movement. J Dent Res 2016; 86:1089-94. [DOI: 10.1177/154405910708601113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement is dependent on osteoclast activity. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α plays an important role, directly or via chemokine release, in osteoclast recruitment and activation. This study aimed to investigate whether the TNF receptor type 1 (p55) influences these events and, consequently, orthodontic tooth movement. An orthodontic appliance was placed in wild-type mice (WT) and p55-deficient mice (p55−/−). Levels of TNF-α and 2 chemokines (MCP-1/CCL2, RANTES/CCL5) were evaluated in periodontal tissues. A significant increase in CCL2 and TNF-α was observed in both groups after 12 hrs of mechanical loading. However, CCL5 levels remained unchanged in p55−/− mice at this time-point. The number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts in p55−/− mice was significantly lower than that in WT mice. Also, there was a significantly smaller rate of tooth movement in p55−/− mice. Analysis of our data suggests that the TNFR-1 plays a significant role in orthodontic tooth movement that might be associated with changes in CCL5 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Andrade
- Department of Orthodontics, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais -PUC-Minas-, Faculty of Dentistry, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
- Department of Oral Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculty of Dentistry, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculty of Medicine, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil; and
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
| | - T.A. Silva
- Department of Orthodontics, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais -PUC-Minas-, Faculty of Dentistry, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
- Department of Oral Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculty of Dentistry, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculty of Medicine, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil; and
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
| | - G.A.B. Silva
- Department of Orthodontics, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais -PUC-Minas-, Faculty of Dentistry, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
- Department of Oral Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculty of Dentistry, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculty of Medicine, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil; and
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
| | - A.L. Teixeira
- Department of Orthodontics, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais -PUC-Minas-, Faculty of Dentistry, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
- Department of Oral Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculty of Dentistry, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculty of Medicine, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil; and
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
| | - M.M. Teixeira
- Department of Orthodontics, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais -PUC-Minas-, Faculty of Dentistry, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
- Department of Oral Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculty of Dentistry, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculty of Medicine, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil; and
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
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175
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Burke SJ, Karlstad MD, Eder AE, Regal KM, Lu D, Burk DH, Collier JJ. Pancreatic β-Cell production of CXCR3 ligands precedes diabetes onset. Biofactors 2016; 42:703-715. [PMID: 27325565 PMCID: PMC5177512 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from immune cell-mediated reductions in function and mass of the insulin-producing β-cells within the pancreatic islets. While the initial trigger(s) that initiates the autoimmune process is unknown, there is a leukocytic infiltration that precedes islet β-cell death and dysfunction. Herein, we demonstrate that genes encoding the chemokines CXCL9, 10, and 11 are primary response genes in pancreatic β-cells and are also elevated as part of the inflammatory response in mouse, rat, and human islets. We further established that STAT1 participates in the transcriptional control of these genes in response to the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IFN-γ. STAT1 is phosphorylated within five minutes after β-cell exposure to IFN-γ, with subsequent occupancy at proximal and distal response elements within the Cxcl9 and Cxcl11 gene promoters. This increase in STAT1 binding is coupled to the rapid appearance of chemokine transcript. Moreover, circulating levels of chemokines that activate CXCR3 are elevated in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, consistent with clinical findings in human diabetes. We also report herein that mice with genetic deletion of CXCR3 (receptor for ligands CXCL9, 10, and 11) exhibit a delay in diabetes development after being injected with multiple low doses of streptozotocin. Therefore, we conclude that production of CXCL9, 10, and 11 from islet β-cells controls leukocyte migration and activity into pancreatic tissue, which ultimately influences islet β-cell mass and function. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(6):703-715, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J. Burke
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Michael D. Karlstad
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville, TN
| | - Adrianna E. Eder
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville, TN
| | - Kellie M. Regal
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville, TN
| | - Danhong Lu
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - David H. Burk
- Cell Biology and Bioimaging Core Facility, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - J. Jason Collier
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
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176
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Kim JY, Park J, Chang JY, Kim SH, Lee JE. Inflammation after Ischemic Stroke: The Role of Leukocytes and Glial Cells. Exp Neurobiol 2016; 25:241-251. [PMID: 27790058 PMCID: PMC5081470 DOI: 10.5607/en.2016.25.5.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response after stroke is known to play a major role in ischemic brain pathobiology. The inflammatory signals released by immune mediators activated by brain injury sets off a complex series of biochemical and molecular events which have been increasingly recognized as a key contributor to neuronal cell death. The primary immune mediators involved are glial cells and infiltrating leukocytes, including neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocyte. After ischemic stroke, activation of glial cells and subsequent release of pro- and anti-inflammatory signals are important for modulating both neuronal cell damage and wound healing. Infiltrated leukocytes release inflammatory mediators into the site of the lesion, thereby exacerbating brain injury. This review describes how the roles of glial cells and circulating leukocytes are a double-edged sword for neuroinflammation by focusing on their detrimental and protective effects in ischemic stroke. Here, we will focus on underlying characterize of glial cells and leukocytes under inflammation after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Youl Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Joohyun Park
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.; Bk21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Ji Young Chang
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sa-Hyun Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Semyung University, Jaecheon 27136, Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.; Bk21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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177
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Lagha AB, Grenier D. Tea polyphenols inhibit the activation of NF-κB and the secretion of cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases by macrophages stimulated with Fusobacterium nucleatum. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34520. [PMID: 27694921 PMCID: PMC5046134 DOI: 10.1038/srep34520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum has been associated with both periodontal disease and inflammatory bowel disease. This Gram-negative bacterium possesses a high inflammatory potential that may contribute to the disease process. We hypothesized that green and black tea polyphenols attenuate the inflammatory response of monocytes/macrophages mediated by F. nucleatum. We first showed that the tea extracts, EGCG and theaflavins reduce the NF-κB activation induced by F. nucleatum in monocytes. Since NF-κB is a key regulator of genes coding for inflammatory mediators, we tested the effects of tea polyphenols on secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and CXCL8 by macrophages. A pre-treatment of macrophages with the tea extracts, EGCG, or theaflavins prior to a stimulation with F. nucleatum significantly inhibited the secretion of all four cytokines and reduced the secretion of MMP-3 and MMP-9, two tissue destructive enzymes. TREM-1 expressed by macrophages is a cell-surface receptor involved in the propagation of the inflammatory response to bacterial challenges. Interestingly, tea polyphenols inhibited the secretion/shedding of soluble TREM-1 induced by a stimulation of macrophages with F. nucleatum. The anti-inflammatory properties of tea polyphenols identified in the present study suggested that they may be promising agents for the prevention and/or treatment of periodontal disease and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Ben Lagha
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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178
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Morikawa T, Hachiman I, Matsuo K, Nishida E, Ninomiya K, Hayakawa T, Yoshie O, Muraoka O, Nakayama T. Neolignans from the Arils of Myristica fragrans as Potent Antagonists of CC Chemokine Receptor 3. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:2005-2013. [PMID: 27419473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CC chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) is expressed selectively in eosinophils, basophils, and some Th2 cells and plays a major role in allergic diseases. A methanol extract from the arils of Myristica fragrans inhibited CC chemokine ligand 11-induced chemotaxis in CCR3-expressing L1.2 cells at 100 μg/mL. From this extract, eight new neolignans, maceneolignans A-H (1-8), were isolated, and their stereostructures were elucidated from their spectroscopic values and chemical properties. Of those constituents, compounds 1, 4, 6, and 8 and (+)-erythro-(7S,8R)-Δ(8')-7-hydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxy-3',5'-dimethoxy-8-O-4'-neolignan (11), (-)-(8R)-Δ(8')-3,4-methylenedioxy-3',5'-dimethoxy-8-O-4'-neolignan (17), (+)-licarin A (20), nectandrin B (25), verrucosin (26), and myristicin (27) inhibited CCR3-mediated chemotaxis at a concentration of 1 μM. Among them, 1 (EC50 1.6 μM), 6 (1.5 μM), and 8 (1.4 μM) showed relatively strong activities, which were comparable to that of a synthetic CCR3 selective antagonist, SB328437 (0.78 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Osamu Yoshie
- Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University , 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
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179
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High performance liquid chromatographic determination of YJC-10592, a new chemokine receptor 2 (CCR-2) antagonist, in biological samples. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-016-0257-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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180
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Devarapu SK, Kumar Vr S, Rupanagudi KV, Kulkarni OP, Eulberg D, Klussmann S, Anders HJ. Dual blockade of the pro-inflammatory chemokine CCL2 and the homeostatic chemokine CXCL12 is as effective as high dose cyclophosphamide in murine proliferative lupus nephritis. Clin Immunol 2016; 169:139-147. [PMID: 27392463 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Induction therapy of proliferative lupus nephritis still requires the use of unselective immunosuppressive drugs with significant toxicities. In search of more specific drugs with equal efficacy but fewer side effects we considered blocking pro-inflammatory chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) and homeostatic chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12), which both contribute to the onset and progression of proliferative lupus nephritis yet through different mechanisms. We hypothesized that dual antagonism could be as potent on lupus nephritis as the unselective immunosuppressant cyclophosphamide (CYC). We estimated serum levels of CCL2 and CXCL12 in patients with SLE (n=99) and compared the results with healthy individuals (n=21). In order to prove our hypothesis we used l-enantiomeric RNA Spiegelmer® chemokine antagonists, i.e. the CCL2-specific mNOX-E36 and the CXCL12-specific NOX-A12 to treat female MRL/lpr mice from week 12 to 20 of age with either anti-CXCL12 or anti-CCL2 alone or both. SLE patients showed elevated serum levels of CCL2 but not of CXCL12. Female MRL/lpr mice treated with dual blockade showed significantly more effective than either monotherapy in preventing proteinuria, immune complex glomerulonephritis, and renal excretory failure and the results are at par with CYC treatment. Dual blockade reduced leukocyte counts and renal IL-6, IL-12p40, CCL-5, CCL-2 and CCR-2 mRNA expression. Dual blockade of CCL2 and CXCL12 can be as potent as CYC to suppress the progression of proliferative lupus nephritis probably because the respective chemokine targets mediate different disease pathomechanisms, i.e. systemic autoimmunity and peripheral tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar Devarapu
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Santhosh Kumar Vr
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Onkar P Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani-Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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181
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Graupera I, Solà E, Fabrellas N, Moreira R, Solé C, Huelin P, de la Prada G, Pose E, Ariza X, Risso A, Albertos S, Morales-Ruiz M, Jiménez W, Ginès P. Urine Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Is an Independent Predictive Factor of Hospital Readmission and Survival in Cirrhosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157371. [PMID: 27359339 PMCID: PMC4928797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in chemotaxis of monocytes. In several diseases, such as acute coronary syndromes and heart failure, elevated MCP-1 levels have been associated with poor outcomes. Little is known about MCP-1 in cirrhosis. AIM To investigate the relationship between MCP-1 and outcome in decompensated cirrhosis. METHODS Prospective study of 218 patients discharged from hospital after an admission for complications of cirrhosis. Urine and plasma levels of MCP-1 and other urine proinflammatroy biomarkers: osteopontin(OPN), trefoil-factor3 and liver-fatty-acid-binding protein were measured at admission. Urine non-inflammatory mediators cystatin-C, β2microglobulin and albumin were measured as control biomarkers. The relationship between these biomarkers and the 3-month hospital readmission, complications of cirrhosis, and mortality were assessed. RESULTS 69 patients(32%) had at least one readmission during the 3-month period of follow-up and 30 patients died(14%). Urine MCP-1 and OPN levels, were associated with 3-month probability of readmission (0.85 (0.27-2.1) and 2003 (705-4586) ug/g creat vs 0.47 (0.2-1.1) and 1188 (512-2958) ug/g creat, in patients with and without readmission, respectively; p<0.05; median (IQR)). Furthermore, urine levels of MCP-1 were significantly associated with mortality (1.01 (1-3.6) vs 0.5 (0.2-1.1) μg/g creat, in dead and alive patients at 3 months; p<0.05). Patients with higher levels of urine MCP-1 (above percentile 75th) had higher probability of development of hepatic encephalopathy, bacterial infections or AKI. Urine MCP-1 was an independent predictive factor of hospital readmission and combined end-point of readmission or dead at 3 months. Plasma levels of MCP-1 did not correlated with outcomes. CONCLUSION Urine, but not plasma, MCP-1 levels are associated with hospital readmission, development of complications of cirrhosis, and mortality. These results suggest that in cirrhosis there is an inflammatory response that is associated with poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Graupera
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elsa Solà
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Fabrellas
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Moreira
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Solé
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Huelin
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Elisa Pose
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Ariza
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alessandro Risso
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Albertos
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Morales-Ruiz
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wladimiro Jiménez
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Ginès
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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182
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Panitz N, Theisgen S, Samsonov SA, Gehrcke JP, Baumann L, Bellmann-Sickert K, Köhling S, Pisabarro MT, Rademann J, Huster D, Beck-Sickinger AG. The structural investigation of glycosaminoglycan binding to CXCL12 displays distinct interaction sites. Glycobiology 2016; 26:1209-1221. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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183
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Liebick M, Schläger C, Oppermann M. Analysis of Chemokine Receptor Trafficking by Site-Specific Biotinylation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157502. [PMID: 27310579 PMCID: PMC4911081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors undergo internalization and desensitization in response to ligand activation. Internalized receptors are either preferentially directed towards recycling pathways (e.g. CCR5) or sorted for proteasomal degradation (e.g. CXCR4). Here we describe a method for the analysis of receptor internalization and recycling based on specific Bir A-mediated biotinylation of an acceptor peptide coupled to the receptor, which allows a more detailed analysis of receptor trafficking compared to classical antibody-based detection methods. Studies on constitutive internalization of the chemokine receptors CXCR4 (12.1% ± 0.99% receptor internalization/h) and CCR5 (13.7% ± 0.68%/h) reveals modulation of these processes by inverse (TAK779; 10.9% ± 0.95%/h) or partial agonists (Met-CCL5; 15.6% ± 0.5%/h). These results suggest an actively driven internalization process. We also demonstrate the advantages of specific biotinylation compared to classical antibody detection during agonist-induced receptor internalization, which may be used for immunofluorescence analysis as well. Site-specific biotinylation may be applicable to studies on trafficking of transmembrane proteins, in general.
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MESH Headings
- Amides/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/isolation & purification
- Basophils/cytology
- Basophils/drug effects
- Basophils/metabolism
- Biotin/chemistry
- Biotin/metabolism
- Biotinylation
- CCR5 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases/genetics
- Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemokine CCL5/pharmacology
- Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics
- Escherichia coli Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Genetic Vectors/chemistry
- Genetic Vectors/metabolism
- Mice
- Protein Transport/drug effects
- Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/pharmacology
- Rats
- Receptors, CXCR4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR5/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, CXCR5/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR5/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Liebick
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Christian Schläger
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Martin Oppermann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
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184
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Dudal S, Subramanian K, Flandre T, Law WS, Lowe PJ, Skerjanec A, Genin JC, Duval M, Piequet A, Cordier A, Jarai G, Van Heeke G, Taplin S, Krantz C, Jones S, Warren AP, Brennan FR, Sims J, Lloyd P. Integrated pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and immunogenicity profiling of an anti-CCL21 monoclonal antibody in cynomolgus monkeys. MAbs 2016; 7:829-37. [PMID: 26230385 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1060384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
QBP359 is an IgG1 human monoclonal antibody that binds with high affinity to human CCL21, a chemokine hypothesized to play a role in inflammatory disease conditions through activation of resident CCR7-expressing fibroblasts/myofibroblasts. The pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of QBP359 in non-human primates were characterized through an integrated approach, combining PK, PD, immunogenicity, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and tissue profiling data from single- and multiple-dose experiments in cynomolgus monkeys. When compared with regular immunoglobulin typical kinetics, faster drug clearance was observed in serum following intravenous administration of 10 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg of QBP359. We have shown by means of PK/PD modeling that clearance of mAb-ligand complex is the most likely explanation for the rapid clearance of QBP359 in cynomolgus monkey. IHC and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry data suggested a high turnover and synthesis rate of CCL21 in tissues. Although lymphoid tissue was expected to accumulate drug due to the high levels of CCL21 present, bioavailability following subcutaneous administration in monkeys was 52%. In human disease states, where CCL21 expression is believed to be expressed at 10-fold higher concentrations compared with cynomolgus monkeys, the PK/PD model of QBP359 and its binding to CCL21 suggested that very large doses requiring frequent administration of mAb would be required to maintain suppression of CCL21 in the clinical setting. This highlights the difficulty in targeting soluble proteins with high synthesis rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dudal
- a F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. ; Basel , Switzerland
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Kawabori M, Yenari MA. Inflammatory responses in brain ischemia. Curr Med Chem 2016; 22:1258-77. [PMID: 25666795 DOI: 10.2174/0929867322666150209154036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Brain infarction causes tissue death by ischemia due to occlusion of the cerebral vessels and recent work has shown that post stroke inflammation contributes significantly to the development of ischemic pathology. Because secondary damage by brain inflammation may have a longer therapeutic time window compared to the rescue of primary damage following arterial occlusion, controlling inflammation would be an obvious therapeutic target. A substantial amount of experimentall progress in this area has been made in recent years. However, it is difficult to elucidate the precise mechanisms of the inflammatory responses following ischemic stroke because inflammation is a complex series of interactions between inflammatory cells and molecules, all of which could be either detrimental or beneficial. We review recent advances in neuroinflammation and the modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways in brain ischemia. Potential targets for treatment of ischemic stroke will also be covered. The roles of the immune system and brain damage versus repair will help to clarify how immune modulation may treat stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Midori A Yenari
- Dept. of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
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186
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Girrbach M, Rink I, Ladnorg T, Azucena C, Heißler S, Haraszti T, Schepers U, Schmitz K. Leukocyte responses to immobilized patterns of CXCL8. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 142:385-391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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187
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Barington L, Rummel PC, Lückmann M, Pihl H, Larsen O, Daugvilaite V, Johnsen AH, Frimurer TM, Karlshøj S, Rosenkilde MM. Role of Conserved Disulfide Bridges and Aromatic Residues in Extracellular Loop 2 of Chemokine Receptor CCR8 for Chemokine and Small Molecule Binding. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16208-20. [PMID: 27226537 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.706747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors play important roles in the immune system and are linked to several human diseases. The initial contact of chemokines with their receptors depends on highly specified extracellular receptor features. Here we investigate the importance of conserved extracellular disulfide bridges and aromatic residues in extracellular loop 2 (ECL-2) for ligand binding and activation in the chemokine receptor CCR8. We used inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate accumulation and radioligand binding experiments to determine the impact of receptor mutagenesis on both chemokine and small molecule agonist and antagonist binding and action in CCR8. We find that the seven-transmembrane (TM) receptor conserved disulfide bridge (7TM bridge) linking transmembrane helix III (TMIII) and ECL-2 is crucial for chemokine and small molecule action, whereas the chemokine receptor conserved disulfide bridge between the N terminus and TMVII is needed only for chemokines. Furthermore, we find that two distinct aromatic residues in ECL-2, Tyr(184) (Cys + 1) and Tyr(187) (Cys + 4), are crucial for binding of the CC chemokines CCL1 (agonist) and MC148 (antagonist), respectively, but not for small molecule binding. Finally, using in silico modeling, we predict an aromatic cluster of interaction partners for Tyr(187) in TMIV (Phe(171)) and TMV (Trp(194)). We show in vitro that these residues are crucial for the binding and action of MC148, thus supporting their participation in an aromatic cluster with Tyr(187) This aromatic cluster appears to be present in a large number of CC chemokine receptors and thereby could play a more general role to be exploited in future drug development targeting these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pia C Rummel
- From the Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology
| | - Michael Lückmann
- From the Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, and
| | - Heidi Pihl
- From the Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology
| | - Olav Larsen
- From the Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology
| | | | - Anders H Johnsen
- the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas M Frimurer
- the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, and the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark and
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188
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Du ES, Moon HS, Lim SJ, Kim SH. Pharmacokinetics of YJC-10592, a novel chemokine receptor 2 (CCR-2) antagonist, in rats. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:833-42. [PMID: 27138286 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
YJC-10592, a novel chemokine receptor 2 (CCR-2) antagonist, was developed for treating asthma and atopic dermatitis. We studied the pharmacokinetic characteristics of YJC-10592 after intravenous (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) and oral (100 and 200 mg/kg) administration of the drug to rats. Tissue distribution of YJC-10592 was also evaluated after intravenous administration of YJC-10592, 10 mg/kg, to rats. The pharmacokinetics of YJC-10592 was dose-dependent from 20 mg/kg after intravenous administration to rats. The values of the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC) of YJC-10592 were dose-dependent from 20 mg/kg and the time-averaged total body (CL) and nonrenal (CLNR) clearances of YJC-10592 were significantly lower at dose of 20 mg/kg, suggesting that saturable metabolism may be involved. The absolute bioavailability (F) of YJC-10592 was generally low (<2.55 %) for both oral doses due to incomplete absorption and low urinary excretion. YJC-10592 had a great affinity to all rat tissues studied except brain, which was supported by a relatively high value of the apparent volume of distribution at steady state (V ss) (890-1385 mL/kg). In conclusion, YJC-10592 showed dose-dependent pharmacokinetics and low F value due to slower elimination and incomplete absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sin Du
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, San 5, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-749, South Korea
| | | | - Soo-Jeong Lim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, San 5, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-749, South Korea.
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189
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Audet GN, Dineen SM, Quinn CM, Leon LR. Altered hypothalamic inflammatory gene expression correlates with heat stroke severity in a conscious rodent model. Brain Res 2016; 1637:81-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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190
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Fractalkine (CX3CL1): a biomarker reflecting symptomatic severity in patients with knee osteoarthritis. J Investig Med 2016; 63:626-31. [PMID: 25692263 DOI: 10.1097/jim.0000000000000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated serum and synovial fluid (SF) fractalkine (CX3CL1) levels have been detected in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). The current study was carried out to investigate the association between serum and SF fractalkine levels with symptomatic severity in patients with knee OA. METHOD One hundred ninety-three patients with OA and 182 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The symptomatic severity was assessed by the Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis scores. RESULTS Fractalkine levels in SF and serum were both positively associated with self-reported greater pain and physical disability. CONCLUSIONS Fractalkine in SF and serum may serve as a biomarker for reflecting symptomatic severity. Therapeutic interventions that target fractalkine signaling pathways to delay OA-related symptoms deserve further study.
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191
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Chen Y, Zhou S, Jiang Z, Wang X, Liu Y. Chemokine receptor CXCR3 in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus): cloning, characterization and its responses to lipopolysaccharide. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:659-671. [PMID: 26585996 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0167-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3, a member of the G protein-coupled receptors superfamily, regulates the responses of many immune responses. In this experiment, we cloned and characterized the cDNA of CXCR3 in Scophthalmus maximus (turbot). A 5'-UTR of 216-bp, a 259-bp 3'-UTR with a poly (A) tail and a 1089-bp CDS encoding 362 amino acids form the cDNA of CXCR3, which is 1564-bp long. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that turbot CXCR3 shared a high similarity with other CXCR3s and shared more similarity with CXCR5 than the other subfamilies of chemokines. The CXCR3 protein in turbot showed the highest similarity with the CXCR3b from rainbow trout (44.5%), which indicated that this CXCR3 gene/protein may be a CXCR3b isoform. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that CXCR3 transcripts were constitutively expressed in all the tissues of the non-injected turbot used in this study, with the highest expression occurring in blood. Several immune-related tissues of fish, such as the spleen, head kidney, liver and blood, tissues, which were abundant of lymphocyte, were investigated in this study. CXCR3 gene was expressed at the highest level in blood than the other tested tissues. The injection experiment suggested that the CXCR3 expression level after LPS injection was significantly up-regulated in all immune-related tissues in turbot. These results improve our understanding of the functions of CXCR3 in the turbot immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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192
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Tsubaki M, Mashimo K, Takeda T, Kino T, Fujita A, Itoh T, Imano M, Sakaguchi K, Satou T, Nishida S. Statins inhibited the MIP-1α expression via inhibition of Ras/ERK and Ras/Akt pathways in myeloma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 78:23-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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193
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Crescioli C. Chemokines and transplant outcome. Clin Biochem 2016; 49:355-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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194
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Sahin O, Ziaei A, Karaismailoğlu E, Taheri N. The serum angiotensin converting enzyme and lysozyme levels in patients with ocular involvement of autoimmune and infectious diseases. BMC Ophthalmol 2016; 16:19. [PMID: 26879979 PMCID: PMC4754809 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-016-0194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased serum levels of angiotensin converting enzyme and lysozyme are considered as inflammatory markers for diagnosis of sarcoidosis which is an autoimmune inflammatory disease. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the significance of differences in serum angiotensin converting enzyme and lysozyme levels of patients with ocular involvement of other autoimmune inflammatory and infectious diseases. Methods This is a prospective study involving patients with ankylosing spondylitis, behcet’s disease, presumed sarcoidosis, presumed latent tuberculosis, presumed latent syphilis, and control group. The serum levels of angiotensin converting enzyme and lysozyme were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bonnferoni analysis was used to assess pairwise comparisons between the groups. Results There was a significant increase in serum angiotensin converting enzyme level in patients with presumed sarcoidosis compared to ankylosing spondylitis (p = 0.0001), behcet’s disease (p = 0.0001), presumed latent tuberculosis (p = 0.0001), presumed latent syphilis (p = 0.0001), and control group (p = 0.0001). The increase in serum lysozyme level was significant for patients with presumed sarcoidosis with respect to ankylosing spondylitis (p = 0.0001), behcet’s disease, (p = 0.0001) presumed latent tuberculosis (p = 0.001), presumed latent syphilis (p = 0.033), and control group (p = 0.0001). Conclusion Elevated serum angiotensin converting enzyme levels are significant for patients with presumed sarcoidosis compared to ocular involvement of other autoimmune diseases such as behcet’s disease and ankylosing spondylitis, and ocular involvement of infectious diseases such as presumed latent tuberculosis and presumed latent syphilis. However, elevated serum lysozyme level might be also detected in ocular involvement of infectious diseases such as presumed latent tuberculosis and presumed latent syphilis. Trial registration Trial Registration number: NCT02627209. Date of registration: 12/09/2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Sahin
- Department of Ophthalmology/Uveitis, Dunya Goz Hospital Ltd., Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Alireza Ziaei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Eda Karaismailoğlu
- Department of Biostatistics, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Nusret Taheri
- Department of Biochemistry, Middle East Technical University, Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
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196
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Sawada S, Chosa N, Takizawa N, Yokota J, Igarashi Y, Tomoda K, Kondo H, Yaegashi T, Ishisaki A. Establishment of mesenchymal stem cell lines derived from the bone marrow of green fluorescent protein-transgenic mice exhibiting a diversity in intracellular transforming growth factor-β and bone morphogenetic protein signaling. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2023-31. [PMID: 26781600 PMCID: PMC4768972 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines and their intercellular signals regulate the multipotency of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The present study established the MSC lines SG-2, -3, and -5 from the bone marrow of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transgenic mice. These cell lines clearly expressed mouse MSC markers Sca-1 and CD44, and SG-2 and -5 cells retained the potential for osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in the absence of members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily. By contrast, SG-3 cells only retained adipogenic differentiation potential. Analysis of cytokine and cytokine receptor expression in these SG cell lines showed that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor 1B was most highly expressed in the SG-3 cells, which underwent osteogenesis in response to BMP, while TGF-β receptor II was most highly expressed in SG-3 and -5 cells. However, it was unexpectedly noted that phosphorylation of Smad 2, a major transcription factor, was induced by TGF-β1 in SG-2 cells but not in SG-3 or -5 cells. Furthermore, TGF-β1 clearly induced the expression of Smad-interacting transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-β in SG-2 but not in SG-3 or -5 cells. These results demonstrated the establishment of TGF-β-responsive SG-2 MSCs, BMP-responsive SG-3 MSCs and TGF-β/BMP-unresponsive SG-5 MSCs, each of which was able to be traced by GFP fluorescence after transplantation into in vivo experimental models. In conclusion, the present study suggested that these cell lines may be used to explore how the TGF-β superfamily affects the proliferation and differentiation status of MSCs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Sawada
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate 028‑3694, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Chosa
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate 028‑3694, Japan
| | - Naoki Takizawa
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate 028‑3694, Japan
| | - Jun Yokota
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate 028‑3694, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Igarashi
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate 028‑3694, Japan
| | - Koichi Tomoda
- Department of Otolaryngology, Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573‑1010, Japan
| | - Hisatomo Kondo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry, Morioka, Iwate 020‑8505, Japan
| | - Takashi Yaegashi
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry, Morioka, Iwate 020‑8505, Japan
| | - Akira Ishisaki
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate 028‑3694, Japan
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Kufareva I, Gustavsson M, Holden LG, Qin L, Zheng Y, Handel TM. Disulfide Trapping for Modeling and Structure Determination of Receptor: Chemokine Complexes. Methods Enzymol 2016; 570:389-420. [PMID: 26921956 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recent breakthrough advances in GPCR crystallography, structure determination of protein-protein complexes involving chemokine receptors and their endogenous chemokine ligands remains challenging. Here, we describe disulfide trapping, a methodology for generating irreversible covalent binary protein complexes from unbound protein partners by introducing two cysteine residues, one per interaction partner, at selected positions within their interaction interface. Disulfide trapping can serve at least two distinct purposes: (i) stabilization of the complex to assist structural studies and/or (ii) determination of pairwise residue proximities to guide molecular modeling. Methods for characterization of disulfide-trapped complexes are described and evaluated in terms of throughput, sensitivity, and specificity toward the most energetically favorable crosslinks. Due to abundance of native disulfide bonds at receptor:chemokine interfaces, disulfide trapping of their complexes can be associated with intramolecular disulfide shuffling and result in misfolding of the component proteins; because of this, evidence from several experiments is typically needed to firmly establish a positive disulfide crosslink. An optimal pipeline that maximizes throughput and minimizes time and costs by early triage of unsuccessful candidate constructs is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kufareva
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Martin Gustavsson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lauren G Holden
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ling Qin
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tracy M Handel
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
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Kwiatkowski K, Piotrowska A, Rojewska E, Makuch W, Jurga A, Slusarczyk J, Trojan E, Basta-Kaim A, Mika J. Beneficial properties of maraviroc on neuropathic pain development and opioid effectiveness in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 64:68-78. [PMID: 26190414 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Targeting chemokine signaling pathways is crucial in neuropathy development. In this study, we investigated the influence of chronic administration of maraviroc (CCR5 antagonist) on nociception and opioid effectiveness during neuropathy, which develops as a result of chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. To investigate the mechanism of action of maraviroc, we measured the expression of glial cell markers, CCR5 and certain CCR5 ligands (CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL7, CCL11), in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of vehicle- and maraviroc-treated, CCI-exposed rats. Our results demonstrate that chronic intrathecal administration of maraviroc diminished neuropathic pain symptoms on day 7 post-CCI. Western blot analysis showed that maraviroc diminished protein level of Iba-1 and GFAP and reversed the up-regulated CCR5 expression observed in spinal cord and DRG after CCI. Additionally, using qRT-PCR, we demonstrated that CCR5 and some of its pronociceptive ligands (CCL3, CCL4, CCL5) increased in the spinal cord after nerve injury, and maraviroc effectively diminished those changes. However, CCL11 spinal expression was undetectable, even after injury. In vitro primary culture studies showed that CCL3, CCL4, CCL5 and CCL7 (but not CCL11) were of microglial and astroglial origin and were up-regulated after LPS stimulation. Our results indicate that maraviroc not only attenuated the development of neuropathic pain symptoms due to significant modulation of neuroimmune interactions but also intensified the analgesic properties of morphine and buprenorphine. In sum, our results suggest the pharmacological modulation of CCR5 by maraviroc as a novel therapeutic approach for co-treatment of patients receiving opioid therapy for neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Kwiatkowski
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Piotrowska
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Rojewska
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wioletta Makuch
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jurga
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Slusarczyk
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Trojan
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Mika
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland.
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Use of Resonance Energy Transfer Techniques for In Vivo Detection of Chemokine Receptor Oligomerization. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1407:341-59. [PMID: 27271913 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3480-5_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the first reports on chemokine function, much information has been generated on the implications of these molecules in numerous physiological and pathological processes, as well as on the signaling events activated through their binding to receptors. As is the case for other G protein-coupled receptors, chemokine receptors are not isolated entities that are activated following ligand binding; rather, they are found as dimers and/or higher order oligomers at the cell surface, even in the absence of ligands. These complexes form platforms that can be modified by receptor expression and ligand levels, indicating that they are dynamic structures. The analysis of the conformations adopted by these receptors at the membrane and their dynamics is thus crucial for a complete understanding of the function of the chemokines. We focus here on the methodology insights of new techniques, such as those based on resonance energy transfer for the analysis of chemokine receptor conformations in living cells.
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200
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Ślusarczyk J, Trojan E, Chwastek J, Głombik K, Basta-Kaim A. A Potential Contribution of Chemokine Network Dysfunction to the Depressive Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 14:705-20. [PMID: 26893168 PMCID: PMC5050392 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160219131357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of many years of research, the pathomechanism of depression has not yet been elucidated. Among many hypotheses, the immune theory has generated a substantial interest. Up till now, it has been thought that depression is accompanied by the activation of inflammatory response and increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. However, recently this view has become controversial, mainly due to the family of small proteins called chemokines. They play a key role in the modulation of peripheral function of the immune system by controlling immune reactions, mediating immune cell communication, and regulating chemotaxis and cell adhesion. Last studies underline significance of chemokines in the central nervous system, not only in the neuromodulation but also in the regulation of neurodevelopmental processes, neuroendocrine functions and in mediating the action of classical neurotransmitters. Moreover, it was demonstrated that these proteins are responsible for maintaining interactions between neuronal and glial cells both in the developing and adult brain also in the course of diseases. This review outlines the role of chemokine in the central nervous system under physiological and pathological conditions and their involvement in processes underlying depressive disorder. It summarizes the most important data from experimental and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St. 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
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