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Ng SY, Koon SS, Padam BS, Chye FY. Evaluation of probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional Malaysian fermentedBambangan(Mangifera pajang). CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2015.1020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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152
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Gosálbez L, Ramón D. Probiotics in transition: novel strategies. Trends Biotechnol 2015; 33:195-6. [PMID: 25702610 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Regulations regarding health claims made for probiotics demand their proven effectiveness and limit the array of microbial species regarded as safe for live consumption. Novel strategies such as moving to postbiotics and genetically modified probiotics may be necessary to increase the effectiveness of microbial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Gosálbez
- Biopolis S.L., Parc Cientific Universitat de València, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 9, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, SPAIN.
| | - Daniel Ramón
- Biopolis S.L., Parc Cientific Universitat de València, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 9, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, SPAIN
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153
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Ishimwe N, Daliri EB, Lee BH, Fang F, Du G. The perspective on cholesterol-lowering mechanisms of probiotics. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:94-105. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Ishimwe
- School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry; College of Science and Technology; University of Rwanda; Rwanda
| | - Eric B. Daliri
- School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi P. R. China
| | - Byong H. Lee
- School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi P. R. China
- Department of Food Science; McGill University; Montreal Canada
| | - Fang Fang
- School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi P. R. China
| | - Guocheng Du
- School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi P. R. China
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154
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Malpeli A, Taranto MP, Cravero RC, Tavella M, Fasano V, Vicentin D, Ferrari G, Magrini G, Hébert E, Valdez GFD, Varea AM, Tavella JM, González HF. Effect of Daily Consumption of <i> Lactobacillus reuteri </i> CRL 1098 on Cholesterol Reduction in Hypercholesterolemic Subjects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2015.617163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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155
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Martoni CJ, Labbé A, Ganopolsky JG, Prakash S, Jones ML. Changes in bile acids, FGF-19 and sterol absorption in response to bile salt hydrolase active L. reuteri NCIMB 30242. Gut Microbes 2015; 6:57-65. [PMID: 25612224 PMCID: PMC4615650 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2015.1005474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The size and composition of the circulating bile acid (BA) pool are important factors in regulating the human gut microbiota. Disrupted regulation of BA metabolism is implicated in several chronic diseases. Bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-active Lactobacillus reuteri NCIMB 30242, previously shown to decrease LDL-cholesterol and increase circulating BA, was investigated for its dose response effect on BA profile in a pilot clinical study. Ten otherwise healthy hypercholesterolemic adults, recruited from a clinical trial site in London, ON, were randomized to consume delayed release or standard release capsules containing L. reuteri NCIMB 30242 in escalating dose over 4 weeks. In another aspect, 4 healthy normocholesterolemic subjects with LDL-C below 3.4 mmol/l received delayed release L. reuteri NCIMB 30242 at a constant dose over 4 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the change in plasma BA profile over the intervention period. Additional outcomes included circulating fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-19, plant sterols and LDL-cholesterol as well as fecal microbiota and bsh gene presence. After one week of intervention subjects receiving delayed release L. reuteri NCIMB 30242 increased total BA by 1.13 ± 0.67 μmol/l (P = 0.02), conjugated BA by 0.67 ± 0.39 μmol/l (P = 0.02) and unconjugated BA by 0.46 ± 0.43 μmol/l (P = 0.07), which represented a greater than 2-fold change relative to baseline. Increases in BA were largely maintained post-week 1 and were generally correlated with FGF-19 and inversely correlated with plant sterols. This is the first clinical support showing that a BSH-active probiotic can significantly and rapidly influence BA metabolism and may prove useful in chronic diseases beyond hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Satya Prakash
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory; Dept. of Biomedical Engineering; Faculty of Medicine; McGill University; Montreal, QC Canada
- Micropharma Limited; Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Mitchell L Jones
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory; Dept. of Biomedical Engineering; Faculty of Medicine; McGill University; Montreal, QC Canada
- Micropharma Limited; Montreal, QC Canada
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156
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Chiu YH, Lin SL, Tsai JJ, Lin MY. Probiotic actions on diseases: implications for therapeutic treatments. Food Funct 2014; 5:625-34. [PMID: 24549263 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60600g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ecology of gut microflora, which colonizes all body surfaces, has long coevolved with its hosts in a complicated fashion. Health benefits conferred by gut microflora include defense against invading pathogens, improvement of nutritional bioavailability, and development of the regional and systemic immune systems. The past decade has witnessed growing interest in the fact that the gut microflora affects the host's energy homeostasis by means of various mechanisms, including supplying nourishment from indigestible compounds, producing small biomolecules responsible for lipid profiles, and participating in the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of nutrition. Much in vitro and in vivo research has indicated that aberrant gut microflora plays an important role in the pathogenesis of a wide spectrum of diseases. This is accomplished by a shift in focus, from laying an emphasis on pharmacotherapy to placing more effort on gut microflora normalization. The objectives of this review include illustrating trends in the clinical application of probiotics on diseases, as well as discussing current methodology limitations on probiotic selection. Furthermore, it is expected to shed light on the nature of probiotics, with the aim of giving greater insight into the implications for clinical use of probiotics in the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Heng Chiu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, ROC.
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157
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Joyce SA, Shanahan F, Hill C, Gahan CGM. Bacterial bile salt hydrolase in host metabolism: Potential for influencing gastrointestinal microbe-host crosstalk. Gut Microbes 2014; 5:669-74. [PMID: 25483337 PMCID: PMC4615832 DOI: 10.4161/19490976.2014.969986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlled, reductionist approaches are required in order to obtain a more complete understanding of the functional capabilities of the gut microbiota. We recently identified microbial bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity as a gut microbial activity that has the capacity to profoundly alter both local (gastrointestinal) and systemic (hepatic) host functions. Using both germ free and conventionally-raised mouse models we demonstrated that gastrointestinal expression of BSH results in local bile acid deconjugation with concomitant alterations in lipid and cholesterol metabolism, signaling functions and weight gain. Key mediators of cholesterol homeostasis (Abcg5/8), gut homeostasis (RegIIIγ) and circadian rhythm (Dbp) were influenced by elevated BSH in our study. In this addendum we discuss the implications of this work for the rational development of probiotics with the potential to modulate host weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Joyce
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; University College Cork; Cork, Ireland,School of Medicine; University College Cork; Cork, Ireland
| | - Fergus Shanahan
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; University College Cork; Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; University College Cork; Cork, Ireland,School of Microbiology; University College Cork; Cork, Ireland
| | - Cormac GM Gahan
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; University College Cork; Cork, Ireland,School of Microbiology; University College Cork; Cork, Ireland,School of Pharmacy; University College Cork; Cork, Ireland,Correspondence to: Cormac GM Gahan;
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158
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Quantitative evaluation of synbiotic strategies to improve persistence and metabolic activity of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 in the human gastrointestinal tract. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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159
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Abstract
Probiotics are microorganisms exerting beneficial effects on the host. They can be ingested through foods or supplements and their inclusion in these products is regulated in Canada by the Health Canada Health Products and Food Branch. The aim of this article is to summarize current evidence from randomized controlled trials and guidelines from Health Canada, the World Health Organization, and internationally recognized expert committees in the hope that it will help practitioners and professionals recommending probiotics to healthy and diseased patients, with a focus on the Canadian setting. From a general perspective, probiotics can be recommended for prevention of diseases that are associated to altered intestinal ecology. Specifically, they can be recommended for prevention of upper respiratory tract infections and pouchitis, for prevention and management of necrotizing enterocolitis, bacterial vaginosis and antibiotic associated diarrhea, including Clostridium difficile infection, and for treatment of atopic eczema in cow’s milk allergy and of infectious diarrhea. Additional substantiated probiotic benefits include prevention of hypercholesterolemia, management of constipation, reduction of recurrent urinary tract infections, improvement of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms, and reduction of antibiotics side effects in Helicobacter pylori eradication. Because probiotics are generally recognized as safe and can be removed with antimicrobial agents, their use should be considered in patients of all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Taibi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E2, Canada
| | - Elena M. Comelli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E2, Canada
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160
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Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract hosts a large number of microbial cells which exceed their mammalian counterparts by approximately 3-fold. The genes expressed by these microorganisms constitute the gut microbiome and may participate in diverse functions that are essential to the host, including digestion, regulation of energy metabolism, and modulation of inflammation and immunity. The gut microbiome can be modulated by dietary changes, antibiotic use, or disease. Different ailments have distinct associated microbiomes in which certain species or genes are present in different relative quantities. Thus, identifying specific disease-associated signatures in the microbiome as well as the factors that alter microbial populations and gene expression will lead to the development of new products such as prebiotics, probiotics, antimicrobials, live biotherapeutic products, or more traditional drugs to treat these disorders. Gained knowledge on the microbiome may result in molecular lab tests that may serve as personalized tools to guide the use of the aforementioned products and monitor interventional progress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Satya Prakash
- Micropharma Limited; Montreal, QC Canada; Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory; Department of Biomedical Engineering; Faculty of Medicine; McGill University; Montreal, QC Canada
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161
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Jones ML, Tomaro-Duchesneau C, Prakash S. The gut microbiome, probiotics, bile acids axis, and human health. Trends Microbiol 2014; 22:306-8. [PMID: 24836108 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome produces potent ligands to bile acid receptors, and probiotics could act as therapeutics of bile acid dysmetabolism. A recent study in Cell Reports demonstrates that probiotic VSL#3 affects bile acid deconjugation and excretion, as well as the gut-liver FXR-FGF15 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Lawrence Jones
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Physiology and Artificial Cells and Organs Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Catherine Tomaro-Duchesneau
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Physiology and Artificial Cells and Organs Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Satya Prakash
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Physiology and Artificial Cells and Organs Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada.
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162
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'The way to a man's heart is through his gut microbiota'--dietary pro- and prebiotics for the management of cardiovascular risk. Proc Nutr Soc 2014; 73:172-85. [PMID: 24495527 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665113003911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota has been identified as a possible novel CVD risk factor. This review aims to summarise recent insights connecting human gut microbiome activities with CVD and how such activities may be modulated by diet. Aberrant gut microbiota profiles have been associated with obesity, type 1 and type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Transfer of microbiota from obese animals induces metabolic disease and obesity in germ-free animals. Conversely, transfer of pathogen-free microbiota from lean healthy human donors to patients with metabolic disease can increase insulin sensitivity. Not only are aberrant microbiota profiles associated with metabolic disease, but the flux of metabolites derived from gut microbial metabolism of choline, phosphatidylcholine and l-carnitine has been shown to contribute directly to CVD pathology, providing one explanation for increased disease risk of eating too much red meat. Diet, especially high intake of fermentable fibres and plant polyphenols, appears to regulate microbial activities within the gut, supporting regulatory guidelines encouraging increased consumption of whole-plant foods (fruit, vegetables and whole-grain cereals), and providing the scientific rationale for the design of efficacious prebiotics. Similarly, recent human studies with carefully selected probiotic strains show that ingestion of viable microorganisms with the ability to hydrolyse bile salts can lower blood cholesterol, a recognised risk factor in CVD. Taken together such observations raise the intriguing possibility that gut microbiome modulation by whole-plant foods, probiotics and prebiotics may be at the base of healthy eating pyramids advised by regulatory agencies across the globe. In conclusion, dietary strategies which modulate the gut microbiota or their metabolic activities are emerging as efficacious tools for reducing CVD risk and indicate that indeed, the way to a healthy heart may be through a healthy gut microbiota.
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163
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Jones ML, Martoni CJ, Ganopolsky JG, Labbé A, Prakash S. The human microbiome and bile acid metabolism: dysbiosis, dysmetabolism, disease and intervention. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:467-82. [PMID: 24479734 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.880420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent evidence indicates that the human gut microbiome plays a significant role in health and disease. Dysbiosis, defined as a pathological imbalance in a microbial community, is becoming increasingly appreciated as a 'central environmental factor' that is both associated with complex phenotypes and affected by host genetics, diet and antibiotic use. More recently, a link has been established between the dysmetabolism of bile acids (BAs) in the gut to dysbiosis. AREAS COVERED BAs, which are transformed by the gut microbiota, have been shown to regulate intestinal homeostasis and are recognized as signaling molecules in a wide range of metabolic processes. This review will examine the connection between BA metabolism as it relates to the gut microbiome and its implication in health and disease. EXPERT OPINION A disrupted gut microbiome, including a reduction of bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-active bacteria, can significantly impair the metabolism of BAs and may result in an inability to maintain glucose homeostasis as well as normal cholesterol breakdown and excretion. To better understand the link between dysbiosis, BA dysmetabolism and chronic degenerative disease, large-scale metagenomic sequencing studies, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics and metabolomics should continue to catalog functional diversity in the gastrointestinal tract of both healthy and diseased populations. Further, BSH-active probiotics should continue to be explored as treatment options to help restore metabolic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell L Jones
- McGill University, Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physiology, Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine , 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A2B4 , Canada +1 514 398 3676 ; +1 514 398 7461 ;
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164
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Ettinger G, MacDonald K, Reid G, Burton JP. The influence of the human microbiome and probiotics on cardiovascular health. Gut Microbes 2014; 5:719-28. [PMID: 25529048 PMCID: PMC4615746 DOI: 10.4161/19490976.2014.983775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death worldwide. Of the many etiological factors, microorganisms constitute one. From the local impact of the gut microbiota on energy metabolism and obesity, to the distal association of periodontal disease with coronary heart disease, microbes have a significant impact on cardiovascular health. In terms of the ability to modulate or influence the microbes, probiotic applications have been considered. These are live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a benefit on the host. While a number of reports have established the beneficial abilities of certain probiotic bacterial strains to reduce cholesterol and hypertension, recent research suggests that their use could be more widely applied. This review presents an up-to-date summary of the known associations of the microbiome with CVD, and potential applications of probiotic therapy.
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Key Words
- ACE, Angiotensin converting enzyme
- ASD, Autism Spectrum Disorder
- BSH, Bile salt hydrolase
- CLA, Conjugate linoleic acid
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- CVD, Cardiovascular disease
- HSP, Heat shock protein
- I/R, Ischemia/reperfusion
- LDL-C Low density lipoprotein cholesterol
- PD, Periodontal disease
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TMA, Trimethylamine
- TMAO, Trimethylamine-N-oxide
- cardioprotection
- cardiovascular disease
- dysbiosis
- microbiome
- periodontal disease
- probiotics
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Ettinger
- Canadian Center for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research; Lawson Health Research Institute; London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Western University; London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle MacDonald
- Canadian Center for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research; Lawson Health Research Institute; London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Western University; London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregor Reid
- Canadian Center for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research; Lawson Health Research Institute; London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Western University; London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery; Western University; London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy P Burton
- Canadian Center for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research; Lawson Health Research Institute; London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Western University; London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery; Western University; London, Ontario, Canada
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165
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DiRienzo DB. Effect of probiotics on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease: implications for heart-healthy diets. Nutr Rev 2013; 72:18-29. [DOI: 10.1111/nure.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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166
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De Weirdt R, Coenen E, Vlaeminck B, Fievez V, Van den Abbeele P, Van de Wiele T. A simulated mucus layer protects Lactobacillus reuteri from the inhibitory effects of linoleic acid. Benef Microbes 2013; 4:299-312. [PMID: 24311313 DOI: 10.3920/bm2013.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2024]
Abstract
Lactobacillus reuteri is a commensal, beneficial gut microbe that colonises the intestinal mucus layer, where it makes close contact with the human host and may significantly affect human health. Here, we investigated the capacity of linoleic acid (LA), the most common polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in a Western-style diet, to affect L. reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 prevalence and survival in a simulated mucus layer. Short-term (1 h) survival and mucin-agar adhesion assays of a log-phase L. reuteri suspension in intestinal water demonstrated that the simulated mucus layer protected L. reuteri against the inhibitory effects of LA by lowering its contact with the bacterial cell membrane. The protective effect of the simulated mucus layer was further evaluated using a more complex and dynamic model of the colon microbiota (SHIME®), in which L. reuteri survival was monitored during 6 days of daily exposure to LA in the absence (L-SHIME) and presence (M-SHIME) of a simulated mucus layer. After 6 days, luminal L- and M-SHIME L. reuteri plate counts had decreased by 3.1±0.5 and 2.6±0.9 log cfu/ml, respectively. Upon supplementation of 1.0 g/l LA, the decline in the luminal L. reuteri population started earlier than was observed for the control. In contrast, mucin-agar levels of L. reuteri (in the M-SHIME) remained unaffected throughout the experiment even in the presence of high concentrations of LA. Overall, the results of this study indicate the importance of the mucus layer as a protective environment for beneficial gut microbes to escape from stress by high loads of the antimicrobial PUFA LA to the colon, i.e. due to a Western-style diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- R De Weirdt
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - E Coenen
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - B Vlaeminck
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Product Quality (LANUPRO), Ghent University, Proefhoevestraat 10, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - V Fievez
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Product Quality (LANUPRO), Ghent University, Proefhoevestraat 10, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - P Van den Abbeele
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - T Van de Wiele
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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167
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Jones ML, Martoni CJ, Ganopolsky JG, Sulemankhil I, Ghali P, Prakash S. Improvement of gastrointestinal health status in subjects consumingLactobacillus reuteriNCIMB 30242 capsules: apost-hocanalysis of a randomized controlled trial. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2013; 13:1643-51. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2013.833601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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168
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Cholesterol-lowering probiotics: in vitro selection and in vivo testing of bifidobacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:8273-81. [PMID: 23872958 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-four strains of bifidobacteria belonging to Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium animalis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bifidobacterium pseu-docatenulatum were assayed in vitro for the ability to assimilate cholesterol and for bile salt hydrolase (BSH) against glycocholic and taurodeoxycholic acids (GCA and TDCA). Cholesterol assimilation was peculiar characteristic of two strains belonging to the species B. bifidum (B. bifidum MB 107 and B. bifidum MB 109), which removed 81 and 50 mg of cholesterol per gram of biomass, being the median of specific cholesterol absorption by bifidobacteria 19 mg/g. Significant differences in BSH activities were not established among bifidobacterial species. However, the screening resulted in the selection of promising strains able to efficiently deconjugate GCA and TDCA. No relationship was recognized between BSH phenotype and the extent of cholesterol assimilation. On the basis of cholesterol assimilation or BSHGCA and BSHTDCA activities, B. bifidum MB 109 (DSMZ 23731), B. breve MB 113 (DSMZ 23732), and B. animalis subsp. lactis MB 2409 (DSMZ 23733) were combined in a probiotic mixture to be fed to hypercholesterolemic rats. The administration of this probiotic formulation resulted in a significant reduction of total cholesterol and low-density cholesterol (LDL-C), whereas it did not affect high-density cholesterol (HDL-C) and HDL-C/LDL-C ratio.
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169
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Jones ML, Martoni CJ, Prakash S. Oral supplementation with probiotic L. reuteri NCIMB 30242 increases mean circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D: a post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:2944-51. [PMID: 23609838 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-4262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is a risk factor for osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Disruption of noncholesterol sterol absorption due to cholesterol-lowering therapies may result in reduced fat-soluble vitamin absorption. OBJECTIVE We have previously reported on the cholesterol-lowering efficacy and reduced sterol absorption of probiotic bile salt hydrolase active Lactobacillus reuteri NCIMB 30242; however, the effects on fat-soluble vitamins was previously unknown and the objective of the present study. DESIGN, SETTINGS, PATIENTS, AND INTERVENTION: The study was double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel-arm, multicenter lasting 13 weeks. A total of 127 otherwise healthy hypercholesterolemic adults with low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol >3.4 mmol/L, triglycerides <4.0 mmol/L, and body mass index of 22 to 32 kg/m² were included. Subjects were recruited from 6 private practices in Prague, Czech Republic, and randomized to consume L. reuteri NCIMB 30242 or placebo capsules over a 9-week intervention period. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was the change in serum low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol over the 9-week intervention. Analysis of fat-soluble vitamins at weeks 0 and 9 were performed post hoc. RESULTS There were no significant differences between L. reuteri NCIMB 30242 and placebo capsule groups in serum vitamin A, vitamin E, or β-carotene or dietary intake over the intervention period (P > .05). L. reuteri NCIMB 30242 increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D by 14.9 nmol/L, or 25.5%, over the intervention period, which was a significant mean change relative to placebo of 17.1 nmol/L, or 22.4%, respectively (P = .003). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report of increased circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D in response to oral probiotic supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell L Jones
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A2B4, Canada
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Grundy SM. Plasma noncholesterol sterols as indicators of cholesterol absorption. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:873-5. [PMID: 23402986 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.e036806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Grundy
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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171
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Jones ML, Tomaro-Duchesneau C, Martoni CJ, Prakash S. Cholesterol lowering with bile salt hydrolase-active probiotic bacteria, mechanism of action, clinical evidence, and future direction for heart health applications. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2013; 13:631-42. [PMID: 23350815 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2013.758706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of global mortality and morbidity. Current CVD treatment methods include dietary intervention, statins, fibrates, niacin, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, and bile acid sequestrants. These formulations have limitations and, thus, additional treatment modalities are needed. Probiotic bacteria, especially bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-active probiotic bacteria, have demonstrated cholesterol-lowering efficacy in randomized controlled trials. AREAS COVERED This review describes the current treatments for CVD and the need for additional therapeutics. Gut microbiota etiology of CVD, cholesterol metabolism, and the role of probiotic formulations as therapeutics for the treatment and prevention of CVD are described. Specifically, we review studies using BSH-active bacteria as cholesterol-lowering agents with emphasis on their cholesterol-lowering mechanisms of action. Potential limitations and future directions are also highlighted. EXPERT OPINION Numerous clinical studies have concluded that BSH-active probiotic bacteria, or products containing them, are efficient in lowering total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, the mechanisms of action of BSH-active probiotic bacteria need to be further supported. There is also the need for a meta-analysis to provide better information regarding the therapeutic use of BSH-active probiotic bacteria. The future of BSH-active probiotic bacteria most likely lies as a combination therapy with already existing treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell L Jones
- Micropharma Ltd, 141 avenue du President Kennedy, UQAM Biological Sciences Building, 5th Floor, Suite 5569 Montreal, Quebec, H2X 3Y7, Canada
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Cagliero P, Calosso G, Brunatti P, Guardamagna O. Nutraceuticals in Hypercholesterolemic children. Health (London) 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2013.57151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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