151
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Bordiga S, Groppo E, Agostini G, van Bokhoven JA, Lamberti C. Reactivity of Surface Species in Heterogeneous Catalysts Probed by In Situ X-ray Absorption Techniques. Chem Rev 2013; 113:1736-850. [DOI: 10.1021/cr2000898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bordiga
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre of Excellence, Università di Torino and INSTM Reference Center, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Groppo
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre of Excellence, Università di Torino and INSTM Reference Center, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Agostini
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre of Excellence, Università di Torino and INSTM Reference Center, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, HCI E127 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry (LSK) Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Instituteaul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Lamberti
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre of Excellence, Università di Torino and INSTM Reference Center, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
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152
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Andoy NM, Zhou X, Choudhary E, Shen H, Liu G, Chen P. Single-Molecule Catalysis Mapping Quantifies Site-Specific Activity and Uncovers Radial Activity Gradient on Single 2D Nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:1845-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ja309948y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nesha May Andoy
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United
States
| | - Xiaochun Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United
States
| | - Eric Choudhary
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United
States
| | - Hao Shen
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United
States
| | - Guokun Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United
States
| | - Peng Chen
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United
States
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153
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Zhang B, Su H, Gu X, Zhang Y, Wang P, Li X, Zhang X, Wang H, Yang X, Zeng S. Trapping the catalyst working state by amber-inspired hybrid material to reveal the cobalt nanostructure evolution in clean liquid fuel synthesis. Catal Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cy00366c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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154
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Cats KH, Gonzalez-Jimenez ID, Liu Y, Nelson J, van Campen D, Meirer F, van der Eerden AMJ, de Groot FMF, Andrews JC, Weckhuysen BM. X-ray nanoscopy of cobalt Fischer–Tropsch catalysts at work. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:4622-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc00160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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155
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Malladi S, Shen C, Xu Q, de Kruijff T, Yücelen E, Tichelaar F, Zandbergen H. Localised corrosion in aluminium alloy 2024-T3 using in situ TEM. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:10859-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46673f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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156
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Mitchell S, Michels NL, Pérez-Ramírez J. From powder to technical body: the undervalued science of catalyst scale up. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:6094-112. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60076a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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157
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von der Heyden BP, Roychoudhury AN, Mtshali TN, Tyliszczak T, Myneni SCB. Chemically and Geographically Distinct Solid-Phase Iron Pools in the Southern Ocean. Science 2012. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1227504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. P. von der Heyden
- Department of Earth Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - A. N. Roychoudhury
- Department of Earth Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - T. N. Mtshali
- Department of Earth Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- CSIR, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - T. Tyliszczak
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - S. C. B. Myneni
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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158
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Grunwaldt JD, Wagner JB, Dunin-Borkowski RE. Imaging Catalysts at Work: A Hierarchical Approach from the Macro- to the Meso- and Nano-scale. ChemCatChem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201200356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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159
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Kurian R, Kunnus K, Wernet P, Butorin SM, Glatzel P, de Groot FMF. Intrinsic deviations in fluorescence yield detected x-ray absorption spectroscopy: the case of the transition metal L₂,₃ edges. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:452201. [PMID: 23060535 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/45/452201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence yield (FY) detected x-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of 3d transition metal ions are calculated from the integrated 2p3d resonant x-ray emission spectra. The resulting FY-XAS spectra are compared with the normal XAS spectra corresponding to the absorption cross section and significant deviations between the two spectra are found. This implies that the assumption that the FY-XAS spectrum identifies with the XAS spectrum is disproved. Especially for the early transition metal systems the differences between the FY-XAS and XAS are large, due to the opening of inelastic decay channels from selected x-ray absorption final states. The theoretical calculations show that the difference between FY detection and XAS is largest for the detection in depolarized geometry. The calculations are compared with experimental spectra for oxides and coordination compounds for Fe(2+), Co(2+) and Ni(2+) systems. The implications for the sum rules in XAS and magnetic circular dichroism experiments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshmi Kurian
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, The Netherlands.
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160
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Heterogeneities of individual catalyst particles in space and time as monitored by spectroscopy. Nat Chem 2012; 4:873-86. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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161
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Gonzalez-Jimenez ID, Cats K, Davidian T, Ruitenbeek M, Meirer F, Liu Y, Nelson J, Andrews JC, Pianetta P, de Groot FMF, Weckhuysen BM. Hard X-ray Nanotomography of Catalytic Solids at Work. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:11986-90. [PMID: 23090844 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ines D Gonzalez-Jimenez
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitslaan 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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162
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163
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Frenkel AI, Rodriguez JA, Chen JG. Synchrotron Techniques for In Situ Catalytic Studies: Capabilities, Challenges, and Opportunities. ACS Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cs3004006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly I. Frenkel
- Department of Physics, Yeshiva University, New York, New York 10016, United
States
| | - Jose A. Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973,
United States
| | - Jingguang G. Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, Columbia University, New York,
New York 10027, United
States
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164
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Torres Galvis HM, Bitter JH, Davidian T, Ruitenbeek M, Dugulan AI, de Jong KP. Iron Particle Size Effects for Direct Production of Lower Olefins from Synthesis Gas. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:16207-15. [DOI: 10.1021/ja304958u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirsa M. Torres Galvis
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis,
Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H. Bitter
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis,
Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Davidian
- Dow Benelux B.V., P.O. Box 48, 4530 AA, Terneuzen, The Netherlands
| | | | - A. Iulian Dugulan
- Fundamental Aspects of Materials
and Energy Group, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Krijn P. de Jong
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis,
Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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165
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Meffre A, Mehdaoui B, Kelsen V, Fazzini PF, Carrey J, Lachaize S, Respaud M, Chaudret B. A simple chemical route toward monodisperse iron carbide nanoparticles displaying tunable magnetic and unprecedented hyperthermia properties. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:4722-8. [PMID: 22845848 DOI: 10.1021/nl302160d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We report a tunable organometallic synthesis of monodisperse iron carbide and core/shell iron/iron carbide nanoparticles displaying a high magnetization and good air-stability. This process based on the decomposition of Fe(CO)(5) on Fe(0) seeds allows the control of the amount of carbon diffused and therefore the tuning of nanoparticles magnetic anisotropy. This results in unprecedented hyperthermia properties at moderate magnetic fields, in the range of medical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Meffre
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano Objets, INSA, Université de Toulouse, 135, Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
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166
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Sun B, Xu K, Nguyen L, Qiao M, Tao FF. Preparation and Catalysis of Carbon-Supported Iron Catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis. ChemCatChem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201200241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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167
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Bert Weckhuysen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201203105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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168
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Bert Weckhuysen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201203105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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169
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Fihri A, Bouhrara M, Patil U, Cha D, Saih Y, Polshettiwar V. Fibrous Nano-Silica Supported Ruthenium (KCC-1/Ru): A Sustainable Catalyst for the Hydrogenolysis of Alkanes with Good Catalytic Activity and Lifetime. ACS Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cs300179q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Fihri
- Nano-Catalysis
Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Centre (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal
23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Bouhrara
- Nano-Catalysis
Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Centre (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal
23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umesh Patil
- Nano-Catalysis
Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Centre (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal
23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dongkyu Cha
- Nano-Catalysis
Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Centre (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal
23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef Saih
- Nano-Catalysis
Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Centre (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal
23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vivek Polshettiwar
- Nano-Catalysis
Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Centre (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal
23955, Saudi Arabia
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170
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Zhang H, Wang J, Pan X, Hu Y, Bao X. Local structure of titania decorated double-walled carbon nanotube characterized by scanning transmission X-ray microscopy. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:174701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4706515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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171
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Chao W, Fischer P, Tyliszczak T, Rekawa S, Anderson E, Naulleau P. Real space soft x-ray imaging at 10 nm spatial resolution. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:9777-83. [PMID: 22535070 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.009777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Using Fresnel zone plates made with our robust nanofabrication processes, we have successfully achieved 10 nm spatial resolution with soft x-ray microscopy. The result, obtained with both a conventional full-field and scanning soft x-ray microscope, marks a significant step forward in extending the microscopy to truly nanoscale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Chao
- Center for X-ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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172
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Tao FF. Operando Studies of Catalyst Surfaces during Catalysis and under Reaction Conditions: Ambient Pressure X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy with a Flow-Cell Reactor. ChemCatChem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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173
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Tao FF. Design of an in-house ambient pressure AP-XPS using a bench-top X-ray source and the surface chemistry of ceria under reaction conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:3812-4. [PMID: 22403765 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc17715c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new in-house ambient pressure XPS (AP-XPS) was designed for the study of surfaces of materials under reaction conditions and during catalysis. Unique features of this in-house AP-XPS are the use of monochromated Al Kα and integration of a minimized reaction cell, and working conditions of up to 500 °C in gases of tens of Torr. Generation of oxygen vacancies on ceria and filling them with oxygen atoms were characterized in operando.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin Feng Tao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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174
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Aramburo LR, de Smit E, Arstad B, van Schooneveld MM, Sommer L, Juhin A, Yokosawa T, Zandbergen HW, Olsbye U, de Groot FMF, Weckhuysen BM. X-ray Imaging of Zeolite Particles at the Nanoscale: Influence of Steaming on the State of Aluminum and the Methanol-To-Olefin Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201109026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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175
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Aramburo LR, de Smit E, Arstad B, van Schooneveld MM, Sommer L, Juhin A, Yokosawa T, Zandbergen HW, Olsbye U, de Groot FMF, Weckhuysen BM. X-ray imaging of zeolite particles at the nanoscale: influence of steaming on the state of aluminum and the methanol-to-olefin reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:3616-9. [PMID: 22383368 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201109026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis R Aramburo
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitslaan 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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176
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Zhou X, Andoy NM, Liu G, Choudhary E, Han KS, Shen H, Chen P. Quantitative super-resolution imaging uncovers reactivity patterns on single nanocatalysts. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 7:237-241. [PMID: 22343380 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2012.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles are used as catalysts in a variety of important chemical reactions, and can have a range of different shapes, with facets and sites that differ in catalytic reactivity. To develop better catalysts it is necessary to determine where catalysis occurs on such nanoparticles and what structures are more reactive. Surface science experiments or theory can be used to predict the reactivity of surfaces with a known structure, and the reactivity of nanocatalysts can often be rationalized from a knowledge of their well-defined surface facets. Here, we show that a knowledge of the surface facets of a gold nanorod catalyst is insufficient to predict its reactivity, and we must also consider defects on the surface of the nanorod. We use super-resolution fluorescence microscopy to quantify the catalysis of the nanorods at a temporal resolution of a single catalytic reaction and a spatial resolution of ∼40 nm. We find that within the same surface facets on the sides of a single nanorod, the reactivity is not constant and exhibits a gradient from the centre of the nanorod towards its two ends. Furthermore, the ratio of the reactivity at the ends of the nanorod to the reactivity at the sides varies significantly from nanorod to nanorod, even though they all have the same surface facets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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177
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In-situ TEM on (de)hydrogenation of Pd at 0.5–4.5bar hydrogen pressure and 20–400°C. Ultramicroscopy 2012; 112:47-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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178
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Tao F(F, Zhang S, Nguyen L, Zhang X. Action of bimetallic nanocatalysts under reaction conditions and during catalysis: evolution of chemistry from high vacuum conditions to reaction conditions. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:7980-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35185d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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179
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Miedema PS, Ngene P, van der Eerden AMJ, Weng TC, Nordlund D, Sokaras D, Alonso-Mori R, Juhin A, de Jongh PE, de Groot FMF. In situ X-ray Raman spectroscopy of LiBH4. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:5581-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp24025d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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180
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Frenkel AI. Applications of extended X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy to studies of bimetallic nanoparticle catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:8163-78. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35174a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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181
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Lee AF. Active Site Elucidation in Heterogeneous Catalysis via In Situ X-Ray Spectroscopies. Aust J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/ch11455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured heterogeneous catalysts will play a key role in the development of robust artificial photosynthetic systems for water photooxidation and CO2 photoreduction. Identifying the active site responsible for driving these chemical transformations remains a significant barrier to the design of tailored catalysts, optimized for high activity, selectivity, and lifetime. This highlight reveals how select recent breakthroughs in the application of in situ surface and bulk X-ray spectroscopies are helping to identify the active catalytic sites in a range of liquid and gas phase chemistry.
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182
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Aramburo LR, Wirick S, Miedema PS, Buurmans ILC, de Groot FMF, Weckhuysen BM. Styrene oligomerization as a molecular probe reaction for Brønsted acidity at the nanoscale. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:6967-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp22848c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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183
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Tao F(F. Synthesis, catalysis, surface chemistry and structure of bimetallic nanocatalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:7977-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs90093a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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184
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Bao H, Zhang W, Hua Q, Jiang Z, Yang J, Huang W. Crystal-Plane-Controlled Surface Restructuring and Catalytic Performance of Oxide Nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201103698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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185
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Bao H, Zhang W, Hua Q, Jiang Z, Yang J, Huang W. Crystal-Plane-Controlled Surface Restructuring and Catalytic Performance of Oxide Nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:12294-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201103698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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186
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Sun Y, Wang Y. Monitoring of galvanic replacement reaction between silver nanowires and HAuCl4 by in situ transmission X-ray microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:4386-4392. [PMID: 21894944 DOI: 10.1021/nl202538q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Galvanic replacement reaction between silver nanowires and an aqueous solution of HAuCl(4) has been successfully monitored in real time by using in situ transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) in combination with a flow cell reactor. The in situ observations clearly show the morphological evolution of the solid silver nanowires to hollow gold nanotubes in the course of the reaction. Careful analysis of the images reveals that the galvanic replacement reaction on the silver nanowires involves multiple steps: (i) local initiation of pitting process; (ii) anisotropic etching of the silver nanowires and uniform deposition of the resulting gold atoms on the surfaces of the nanowires; and (iii) reconstruction of the nanotube walls via an Ostwald ripening process. The in situ TXM represents a promising approach for studying dynamic processes involved in the growth and chemical transformation of nanomaterials in solutions, in particular for nanostructures with dimensions larger than 50 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugang Sun
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.
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187
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Baldasseroni C, Queen DR, Cooke DW, Maize K, Shakouri A, Hellman F. Heat transfer simulation and thermal measurements of microfabricated x-ray transparent heater stages. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:093904. [PMID: 21974597 DOI: 10.1063/1.3640407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A microfabricated amorphous silicon nitride membrane-based nanocalorimeter is proposed to be suitable for an x-ray transparent sample platform with low power heating and built-in temperature sensing. In this work, thermal characterization in both air and vacuum are analyzed experimentally and via simulation. Infrared microscopy and thermoreflectance microscopy are used for thermal imaging of the sample area in air. While a reasonably large isothermal area is found on the sample area, the temperature homogeneity of the entire sample area is low, limiting use of the device as a heater stage in air or other gases. A simulation model that includes conduction, as well as radiation and convection heat loss, is presented with radiation and convection parameters determined experimentally. Simulated temperature distributions show that the homogeneity can be improved by using a thicker thermal conduction layer or reducing the pressure of the gas in the environment but neither are good solutions for the proposed use. A new simple design that has improved temperature homogeneity and a larger isothermal area while maintaining a thin thermal conduction layer is proposed and fabricated. This new design enables applications in transmission x-ray microscopes and spectroscopy setups at atmospheric pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Baldasseroni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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188
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Meirer F, Cabana J, Liu Y, Mehta A, Andrews JC, Pianetta P. Three-dimensional imaging of chemical phase transformations at the nanoscale with full-field transmission X-ray microscopy. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2011; 18:773-81. [PMID: 21862859 PMCID: PMC3161818 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049511019364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The ability to probe morphology and phase distribution in complex systems at multiple length scales unravels the interplay of nano- and micrometer-scale factors at the origin of macroscopic behavior. While different electron- and X-ray-based imaging techniques can be combined with spectroscopy at high resolutions, owing to experimental time limitations the resulting fields of view are too small to be representative of a composite sample. Here a new X-ray imaging set-up is proposed, combining full-field transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) with X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy to follow two-dimensional and three-dimensional morphological and chemical changes in large volumes at high resolution (tens of nanometers). TXM XANES imaging offers chemical speciation at the nanoscale in thick samples (>20 µm) with minimal preparation requirements. Further, its high throughput allows the analysis of large areas (up to millimeters) in minutes to a few hours. Proof of concept is provided using battery electrodes, although its versatility will lead to impact in a number of diverse research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Meirer
- Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, I-38050 Povo, Italy
| | - Jordi Cabana
- Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yijin Liu
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Apurva Mehta
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Joy C. Andrews
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Correspondence e-mail:
| | - Piero Pianetta
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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189
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Graf-Zeiler B, Fink RH, Tzvetkov G. In Situ Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Microspectroscopy of Polymer Microcontainers. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:3503-9. [PMID: 21853515 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Graf-Zeiler
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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190
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Ogura T. Three-dimensional X-ray observation of atmospheric biological samples by linear-array scanning-electron generation X-ray microscope system. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21516. [PMID: 21731770 PMCID: PMC3121776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we developed a soft X-ray microscope called the scanning-electron generation X-ray microscope (SGXM), which consists of a simple X-ray detection system that detects X-rays emitted from the interaction between a scanning electron beam (EB) and the thin film of the sample mount. We present herein a three-dimensional (3D) X-ray detection system that is based on the SGXM technology and designed for studying atmospheric biological samples. This 3D X-ray detection system contains a linear X-ray photodiode (PD) array. The specimens are placed under a CuZn-coated Si₃N₄ thin film, which is attached to an atmospheric sample holder. Multiple tilt X-ray images of the samples are detected simultaneously by the linear array of X-ray PDs, and the 3D structure is calculated by a new 3D reconstruction method that uses a simulated-annealing algorithm. The resulting 3D models clearly reveal the inner structure of the bacterium. In addition, the proposed method can easily be used for diverse samples in a broad range of scientific fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Ogura
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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191
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van Schooneveld MM, Hilhorst J, Petukhov AV, Tyliszczak T, Wang J, Weckhuysen BM, de Groot FMF, de Smit E. Scanning transmission x-ray microscopy as a novel tool to probe colloidal and photonic crystals. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:804-811. [PMID: 21337510 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201001745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Photonic crystals consisting of nano- to micrometer-sized building blocks, such as multiple sorts of colloids, have recently received widespread attention. It remains a challenge, however, to adequately probe the internal crystal structure and the corresponding deformations that inhibit the proper functioning of such materials. It is shown that scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) can directly reveal the local structure, orientations, and even deformations in polystyrene and silica colloidal crystals with 30-nm spatial resolution. Moreover, STXM is capable of imaging a diverse range of crystals, including those that are dry and inverted, and provides novel insights complementary to information obtained by benchmark confocal fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti M van Schooneveld
- Inorganic Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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192
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Arulsamy AD, Eleršič K, Modic M, Cvelbar U, Mozetič M. Reversible carrier-type transitions in gas-sensing oxides and nanostructures. Chemphyschem 2011; 11:3704-12. [PMID: 21077091 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Despite many important applications of α-Fe(2)O(3) and Fe doped SnO(2) in semiconductors, catalysis, sensors, clinical diagnosis and treatments, one fundamental issue that is crucial to these applications remains theoretically equivocal--the reversible carrier-type transition between n- and p-type conductivities during gas-sensing operations. Herein, we present an unambiguous and rigorous theoretical analysis in order to explain why and how the oxygen vacancies affect the n-type semiconductors α-Fe(2)O(3) and Fe-doped SnO(2), in which they are both electronically and chemically transformed into a p-type semiconductor. Furthermore, this reversible transition also occurs on the oxide surfaces during gas-sensing operation due to physisorbed gas molecules (without any chemical reaction). We make use of the ionization energy theory and its renormalized ionic displacement polarizability functional to reclassify, generalize and explain the concept of carrier-type transition in solids, and during gas-sensing operation. The origin of such a transition is associated with the change in ionic polarizability and the valence states of cations in the presence of oxygen vacancies and physisorped gas molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Arulsamy
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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193
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Polshettiwar V, Luque R, Fihri A, Zhu H, Bouhrara M, Basset JM. Magnetically Recoverable Nanocatalysts. Chem Rev 2011; 111:3036-75. [PMID: 21401074 DOI: 10.1021/cr100230z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1078] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Polshettiwar
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Aziz Fihri
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haibo Zhu
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Bouhrara
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean-Marie Basset
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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194
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Polshettiwar V, Luque R, Fihri A, Zhu H, Bouhrara M, Basset JM. Magnetically Recoverable Nanocatalysts. Chem Rev 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100230z pmid: 21401074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Polshettiwar
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Aziz Fihri
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haibo Zhu
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Bouhrara
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean-Marie Basset
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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195
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196
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Pienack N, Bensch W. In-Situ Monitoring of the Formation of Crystalline Solids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:2014-34. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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197
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Sun B, Qiao M, Fan K, Ulrich J, Tao FF. Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis over Molecular Sieve Supported Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201000352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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198
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Tao F, Salmeron M. In Situ Studies of Chemistry and Structure of Materials in Reactive Environments. Science 2011; 331:171-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1197461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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199
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Fihri A, Bouhrara M, Nekoueishahraki B, Basset JM, Polshettiwar V. Nanocatalysts for Suzuki cross-coupling reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15079k pmid: 21804997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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200
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Thüne PC, Weststrate CJ, Moodley P, Saib AM, van de Loosdrecht J, Miller JT, Niemantsverdriet JW. Studying Fischer–Tropsch catalysts using transmission electron microscopy and model systems of nanoparticles on planar supports. Catal Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cy00056j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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