151
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Drużbicki K, Gaboardi M, Fernandez-Alonso F. Dynamics & Spectroscopy with Neutrons-Recent Developments & Emerging Opportunities. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1440. [PMID: 33947108 PMCID: PMC8125526 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This work provides an up-to-date overview of recent developments in neutron spectroscopic techniques and associated computational tools to interrogate the structural properties and dynamical behavior of complex and disordered materials, with a focus on those of a soft and polymeric nature. These have and continue to pave the way for new scientific opportunities simply thought unthinkable not so long ago, and have particularly benefited from advances in high-resolution, broadband techniques spanning energy transfers from the meV to the eV. Topical areas include the identification and robust assignment of low-energy modes underpinning functionality in soft solids and supramolecular frameworks, or the quantification in the laboratory of hitherto unexplored nuclear quantum effects dictating thermodynamic properties. In addition to novel classes of materials, we also discuss recent discoveries around water and its phase diagram, which continue to surprise us. All throughout, emphasis is placed on linking these ongoing and exciting experimental and computational developments to specific scientific questions in the context of the discovery of new materials for sustainable technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Drużbicki
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain;
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mattia Gaboardi
- Elettra—Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Felix Fernandez-Alonso
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain;
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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152
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Dub PA, Tkachenko NV, Vyas VK, Wills M, Smith JS, Tretiak S. Enantioselectivity in the Noyori–Ikariya Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A. Dub
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Nikolay V. Tkachenko
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Vijyesh K. Vyas
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Wills
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Justin S. Smith
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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153
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Cigarini L, Novotný M, Karlický F. Lattice dynamics in the conformational environment of multilayered hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) results in peculiar infrared optical responses. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:7247-7260. [PMID: 33876085 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06188c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stacking mismatches in hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanostructures affect their photonic, mechanical, and thermal properties. To access information about the stacked configuration of layered ensembles, highly sophisticated techniques like X-ray photoemission spectroscopy or electron microscopy are necessary. Here, instead, by taking advantage of the geometrical and chemical nature of h-BN, we show how simple structural models, based on shortened interplanar distances, can produce effective charge densities. Accounting these in the non-analytical part of the lattice dynamical description makes it possible to access information about the composition of differently stacked variants in experimental samples characterized by infrared spectroscopy. The results are obtained by density functional theory and confirmed by various functionals and pseudopotential approximations. Even though the method is shown using h-BN, the conclusions are more general and show how effective dielectric models can be considered as valuable theoretical pathways for the vibrational structure of any layered material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Cigarini
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
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154
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Adhikari S, Nepal NK, Tang H, Ruzsinszky A. Describing adsorption of benzene, thiophene, and xenon on coinage metals by using the Zaremba-Kohn theory-based model. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:124705. [PMID: 33810670 DOI: 10.1063/5.0042719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Semilocal (SL) density functional approximations (DFAs) are widely applied but have limitations due to their inability to incorporate long-range van der Waals (vdW) interaction. Non-local functionals (vdW-DF, VV10, and rVV10) or empirical methods (DFT+D, DFT+vdW, and DFT+MBD) are used with SL-DFAs to account for such missing interaction. The physisorption of a molecule on the surface of the coinage metals (Cu, Ag, and Au) is a typical example of systems where vdW interaction is significant. However, it is difficult to find a general method that reasonably describes both adsorption energy and geometry of even the simple prototypes of cyclic and heterocyclic aromatic molecules such as benzene (C6H6) and thiophene (C4H4S), respectively, with reasonable accuracy. In this work, we present an alternative scheme based on Zaremba-Kohn theory, called DFT+vdW-dZK. We show that unlike other popular methods, DFT+vdW-dZK and particularly SCAN+vdW-dZK give an accurate description of the physisorption of a rare-gas atom (xenon) and two small albeit diverse prototype organic molecules on the (111) surfaces of the coinage metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Adhikari
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Niraj K Nepal
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Adrienn Ruzsinszky
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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155
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Wagle K, Santra B, Bhattarai P, Shahi C, Pederson MR, Jackson KA, Perdew JP. Self-interaction correction in water–ion clusters. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:094302. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0041620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Wagle
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Biswajit Santra
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Puskar Bhattarai
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Chandra Shahi
- Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
| | - Mark R. Pederson
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
| | - Koblar A. Jackson
- Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
| | - John P. Perdew
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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156
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Di Bernardo I, Hellerstedt J, Liu C, Akhgar G, Wu W, Yang SA, Culcer D, Mo SK, Adam S, Edmonds MT, Fuhrer MS. Progress in Epitaxial Thin-Film Na 3 Bi as a Topological Electronic Material. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005897. [PMID: 33538071 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Trisodium bismuthide (Na3 Bi) is the first experimentally verified topological Dirac semimetal, and is a 3D analogue of graphene hosting relativistic Dirac fermions. Its unconventional momentum-energy relationship is interesting from a fundamental perspective, yielding exciting physical properties such as chiral charge carriers, the chiral anomaly, and weak anti-localization. It also shows promise for realizing topological electronic devices such as topological transistors. Herein, an overview of the substantial progress achieved in the last few years on Na3 Bi is presented, with a focus on technologically relevant large-area thin films synthesized via molecular beam epitaxy. Key theoretical aspects underpinning the unique electronic properties of Na3 Bi are introduced. Next, the growth process on different substrates is reviewed. Spectroscopic and microscopic features are illustrated, and an analysis of semiclassical and quantum transport phenomena in different doping regimes is provided. The emergent properties arising from confinement in two dimensions, including thickness-dependent and electric-field-driven topological phase transitions, are addressed, with an outlook toward current challenges and expected future progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iolanda Di Bernardo
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Jack Hellerstedt
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Chang Liu
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Golrokh Akhgar
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Weikang Wu
- Research Laboratory for Quantum Materials, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Shengyuan A Yang
- Research Laboratory for Quantum Materials, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Dimitrie Culcer
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Sung-Kwan Mo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Shaffique Adam
- Yale-NUS College, 16 College Ave West, Singapore, 138527, Singapore
| | - Mark T Edmonds
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Monash Centre for Atomically Thin Materials, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Michael S Fuhrer
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Monash Centre for Atomically Thin Materials, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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157
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Lee G, Lee H, Lee T, Soon A. Defect-mediated ab initio thermodynamics of metastable γ-MoN(001). J Chem Phys 2021; 154:064703. [PMID: 33588548 DOI: 10.1063/5.0040835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Refractory transition metal nitrides exhibit a plethora of polymorphic expressions and chemical stoichiometries. To afford a better understanding of how defects may play a role in the structural and thermodynamics of these nitrides, using density-functional theory calculations, we investigate the influence of point and pair defects in bulk metastable γ-MoN and its (001) surface. We report favorable formation of Schottky defect pairs of neighboring Mo and N vacancies in bulk γ-MoN and apply this as a defect-mediated energy correction term to the surface energy of γ-MoN(001) within the ab initio atomistic thermodynamics approach. We also inspect the structural distortions in both bulk and surfaces of γ-MoN by using the partial radial distribution function, g(r), of Mo-N bond lengths. Large atomic displacements are found in both cases, leading to a broad spread of Mo-N bond length values when compared to their idealized bulk values. We propose that these structural and thermodynamic analyses may provide some insight into a better understanding of metastable materials and their surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giyeok Lee
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Center for Artificial Synesthesia Materials Discovery, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojun Lee
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Center for Artificial Synesthesia Materials Discovery, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehun Lee
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Center for Artificial Synesthesia Materials Discovery, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Aloysius Soon
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Center for Artificial Synesthesia Materials Discovery, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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158
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White JJ, Liu J, Hinsch JJ, Wang Y. Theoretical understanding of the properties of stepped iron surfaces with van der Waals interaction corrections. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2649-2657. [PMID: 33480923 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05977c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The stepped surfaces in nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) play an essential role for environmental application. However, there is still currently a deficiency in the atomic understanding of stepped surface properties due to the limitation of the computational methodology. In this study, stepped Fe(210) and (211) surfaces were theoretically investigated using density functional theory (DFT) computations in terms of the flat Fe(110) surface. Our results suggest that the consideration of van der Waals (vdW) interaction correction is beneficial for the DFT study on Fe-based systems. The DF-cx method is found to be the most promising vdW correction method. The DF-cx results reveal that the stepped Fe(210) and Fe(211) surfaces experience significant surface relaxation and abnormal trends in their work function. Their electronic properties and reactivities of the surface atoms are strongly affected by the Fe coordination numbers and the strong adsorption strengths of oxygen on the surfaces are dependent on both the coordination number of the adsorbed atoms and the geometry of the adsorption sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Jein White
- School of Environment and Science, Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Junxian Liu
- School of Environment and Science, Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Jack Jon Hinsch
- School of Environment and Science, Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Environment and Science, Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
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159
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Ishtiyak M, Jana S, Karthikeyan R, Ramesh M, Tripathy B, Malladi SK, Niranjan MK, Prakash J. Syntheses of five new layered quaternary chalcogenides SrScCuSe3, SrScCuTe3, BaScCuSe3, BaScCuTe3, and BaScAgTe3: crystal structures, thermoelectric properties, and electronic structures. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00717c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Five new layered transition metal-based chalcogenides (SrScCuSe3, SrScCuTe3, BaScCuSe3, BaScCuTe3, and BaScAgTe3) were discovered by the exploratory solid-state method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Ishtiyak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Subhendu Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - R. Karthikeyan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - M. Ramesh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Bikash Tripathy
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Sairam K. Malladi
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Manish K. Niranjan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
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160
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Li M, Chen L, Gui L, Cao S, Liu D, Zhao G, Ding M, Yan J, Wang D. Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations on structures of high-density and low-density water: a comparison of the SCAN meta-GGA and PBE GGA functionals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2298-2304. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05707j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using Born–Oppenheimer ab initio molecular dynamics (BOAIMD) simulations, the high-density water (HDW) and low-density water (LDW) structures based on SCAN meta-GGA are compared with those based on PBE GGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
- Ludong University
- Yantai 264025
- P. R. China
| | - Lu Chen
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
- Ludong University
- Yantai 264025
- P. R. China
| | - Lirong Gui
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
- Ludong University
- Yantai 264025
- P. R. China
| | - Shuo Cao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
- Ludong University
- Yantai 264025
- P. R. China
| | - Di Liu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
- Ludong University
- Yantai 264025
- P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
- Ludong University
- Yantai 264025
- P. R. China
| | - Mingcui Ding
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
- Ludong University
- Yantai 264025
- P. R. China
| | - Jinliang Yan
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
- Ludong University
- Yantai 264025
- P. R. China
| | - Dehua Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
- Ludong University
- Yantai 264025
- P. R. China
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161
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Na GS, Jang S, Lee YL, Chang H. Tuplewise Material Representation Based Machine Learning for Accurate Band Gap Prediction. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:10616-10623. [PMID: 33280389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c07802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The open-access material databases allowed us to approach scientific questions from a completely new perspective with machine learning methods. Here, on the basis of open-access databases, we focus on the classical band gap problem for predicting accurately the band gap of a crystalline compound using a machine learning approach with newly developed tuplewise graph neural networks (TGNN), which is devised to automatically generate input representation of crystal structures in tuple types and to exploit crystal-level properties as one of the input features. Our method brings about a highly accurate prediction of the band gaps at hybrid functionals and GW approximation levels for multiple material data sets without heavy computational cost. Furthermore, to demonstrate the applicability of our prediction model, we provide a data set of GW band gaps for 45835 materials predicted by TGNN posing higher accuracy than standard density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyoung S Na
- Chemical Data-Driven Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Seunghun Jang
- Chemical Data-Driven Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Yea-Lee Lee
- Chemical Data-Driven Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Hyunju Chang
- Chemical Data-Driven Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Korea
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162
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Liu J, Zhao X, Yao Y, Wang CZ, Ho KM. Correlation matrix renormalization theory in multi-band lattice systems. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 33:095902. [PMID: 33017810 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abbe78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An appropriate treatment of electronic correlation effects plays an important role in accurate descriptions of physical and chemical properties of real materials. The recently proposed correlation matrix renormalization theory with sum rule correction (CMR) [1] for studying correlated-electron materials has shown good performance in molecular systems and a periodic hydrogen chain in comparison with various quantum chemistry and quantum Monte Carlo calculations [2]. This work gives a detailed formulation and computational code implementation of CMR in multi-band periodic lattice systems. This lattice CMRab initiotheory is highly efficient, has no material specific adjustable parameters, and has no double counting issues faced by the hybrid approaches like LDA +U, DFT + DMFT and DFT + GA type theories. Benchmark studies on materials with s and p orbitals in this study show that CMR in its current implementation consistently performs well for these systems as the electron correlation increases from the bonding region to the bond breaking region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - Xin Zhao
- Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - Yongxin Yao
- Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - Cai-Zhuang Wang
- Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - Kai-Ming Ho
- Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
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163
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Jana S, Patra A, Śmiga S, Constantin LA, Samal P. Insights from the density functional performance of water and water–solid interactions: SCAN in relation to other meta-GGAs. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:214116. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0028821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Jana
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
| | - Abhilash Patra
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
| | - Szymon Śmiga
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Lucian A. Constantin
- Istituto di Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR-NANO, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Prasanjit Samal
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
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164
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Berro Y, Badawi M, El Haj Hassan F, Kassir M, Tielens F. Water-silanol interactions on the amorphous silica surface: A dispersion-corrected DFT investigation. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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165
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Varadwaj PR. A 2AgCrCl 6 (A = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) halide double perovskites: a transition metal-based semiconducting material series with appreciable optical characteristics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:24337-24350. [PMID: 33063074 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01896a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have theoretically examined the geometries, electronic density of states and band structures of cubic and hexagonal A2AgCrCl6 (A = Cs, Rb, K, Na, Li) using meta-GGA SCAN-rVV10. The optimized lattice density was found to vary between 2.68 and 4.08 g cm-3 for cubic-A2AgCrCl6, with the fundamental electronic bandgap (direct) in the range of 0.66-0.69 eV. The cell density of hexagonal A2AgCrCl6 was between 2.97 and 3.93 g cm-3, but with an indirect bandgap of 0.93-1.02 eV. The valence band maximum and the conduction band minimum of A2AgCrCl6 were confirmed to be essentially of Cr(3d) character, but the contributions from the orbital states of Cl(3p) to the VBM were also appreciable. Cubic A2AgCrCl6 (A = Cs, Rb, K) was identified to possess genuine perovskite stoichiometry, evaluated using various geometry-based indices (viz. octahedral factor, tolerance factor, and global instability index). This was not so for A2AgCrCl6 (A = Na, Li), and was due to the small size of Na and Li cations that caused the critical strain of CrCl6 octahedra and a significant decrease in the cell volume. However, all the five A2AgCrCl6 displayed nearly similar optical properties, including the nature of the oscillator peaks in the dielectric function, absorption coefficient, photoconductivity, reflectivity, and Tauc spectra. The zero-limit of the refractive index was calculated around 2.25 and 2.00 for cubic and hexagonal A2AgCrCl6, respectively, and the extinction coefficient was very small for all cases. The nature of the optical bandgap and transition peaks discussed in this study of cubic and hexagonal Cs2AgCrCl6 agreed well with the experiment. The examination of phonon band dispersion led to the conclusion that cubic-A2AgCrCl6 (A = Cs, Rb) are the only halide double perovskites of the entire series that are dynamically stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep R Varadwaj
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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166
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Patra A, Jana S, Samal P. A way of resolving the order-of-limit problem of Tao–Mo semilocal functional. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:184112. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0025173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Patra
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
| | - Subrata Jana
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
| | - Prasanjit Samal
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
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167
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Mejía-Rodríguez D, Trickey SB. Spin-Crossover from a Well-Behaved, Low-Cost meta-GGA Density Functional. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:9889-9894. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mejía-Rodríguez
- Center for Molecular Magnetic Quantum Materials, Quantum Theory Project, Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - S. B. Trickey
- Center for Molecular Magnetic Quantum Materials, Quantum Theory Project, Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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168
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Akter S, Yamamoto Y, Diaz CM, Jackson KA, Zope RR, Baruah T. Study of self-interaction errors in density functional predictions of dipole polarizabilities and ionization energies of water clusters using Perdew–Zunger and locally scaled self-interaction corrected methods. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:164304. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0025601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Akter
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
| | - Yoh Yamamoto
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
| | - Carlos M. Diaz
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
| | - Koblar A. Jackson
- Physics Department and Science of Advanced Materials Program, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
| | - Rajendra R. Zope
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
| | - Tunna Baruah
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
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169
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Varadwaj PR, Marques HM. The Cs 2AgRhCl 6 Halide Double Perovskite: A Dynamically Stable Lead-Free Transition-Metal Driven Semiconducting Material for Optoelectronics. Front Chem 2020; 8:796. [PMID: 33195026 PMCID: PMC7655969 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A-Site doping with alkali ions, and/or metal substitution at the B and B'-sites, are among the key strategies in the innovative development of A 2BB'X6 halide double perovskite semiconducting materials for application in energy and device technologies. To this end, we have investigated an intriguing series of five halide-based non-toxic systems, A 2AgRhCl6 (A = Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs), using density functional theory at the SCAN-rVV10 level. The lattice stability and bonding properties emanating from this study of A 2AgRhCl6 matched well with those that have already been synthesized, characterized and discussed [viz. Cs2AgBiX6 (X = Cl, Br)]. Exploration of traditional and recently proposed tolerance factors has enabled us to identify A 2AgRhCl6 (A = K, Rb and Cs) as stable double perovskites. The band structure and density of states calculations suggested that the electronic transition from the top of the valence band [Cl(3p)+Rh(4d)] to the bottom of the conduction band [(Cl(3p)+Rh(4d)] is inherently direct at the X-point of the first Brillouin zone. The (non-spin polarized) bandgap of these materials was found in the range 0.57-0.65 eV with SCAN-rVV10, which were substantially smaller than those computed with hybrid HSE06 and PBE0, and quasi-particle GW methods. This, together with the appreciable refractive index and high absorption coefficient in the region covering the range 1.0-4.5 eV, enabled us to demonstrate that A 2AgRhCl6 (A = K, Rb, and Cs) are likely candidate materials for photoelectric applications. The results of our phonon calculations at the harmonic level suggested that the Cs2AgRhCl6 is the only system that is dynamically stable (no imaginary frequencies found around the high symmetry lines of the reciprocal lattice), although the elastic moduli properties suggested all five systems examined are mechanically stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep R. Varadwaj
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Helder M. Marques
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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170
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Aslam MK, Seymour ID, Katyal N, Li S, Yang T, Bao SJ, Henkelman G, Xu M. Metal chalcogenide hollow polar bipyramid prisms as efficient sulfur hosts for Na-S batteries. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5242. [PMID: 33067473 PMCID: PMC7568557 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium sulfur batteries require efficient sulfur hosts that can capture soluble polysulfides and enable fast reduction kinetics. Herein, we design hollow, polar and catalytic bipyramid prisms of cobalt sulfide as efficient sulfur host for sodium sulfur batteries. Cobalt sulfide has interwoven surfaces with wide internal spaces that can accommodate sodium polysulfides and withstand volumetric expansion. Furthermore, results from in/ex-situ characterization techniques and density functional theory calculations support the significance of the polar and catalytic properties of cobalt sulfide as hosts for soluble sodium polysulfides that reduce the shuttle effect and display excellent electrochemical performance. The polar catalytic bipyramid prisms sulfur@cobalt sulfide composite exhibits a high capacity of 755 mAh g−1 in the second discharge and 675 mAh g−1 after 800 charge/discharge cycles, with an ultralow capacity decay rate of 0.0126 % at a high current density of 0.5 C. Additionally, at a high mass loading of 9.1 mg cm−2, sulfur@cobalt sulfide shows high capacity of 545 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.5 C. This study demonstrates a hollow, polar, and catalytic sulfur host with a unique structure that can capture sodium polysulfides and speed up the reduction reaction of long chain sodium polysulfides to solid small chain polysulfides, which results in excellent electrochemical performance for sodium-sulfur batteries. Sodium sulfur batteries require efficient sulfur hosts that can capture soluble polysulfides and enable fast reduction kinetics. Here, authors report hollow catalytic bipyramid prism CoS2/C as efficient sulfur carriers, and investigate the reaction mechanism in the sodium sulfur battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kashif Aslam
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Ieuan D Seymour
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Naman Katyal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Shu-Juan Bao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Graeme Henkelman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Maowen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
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171
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Kozlowska M, Pramudya Y, Jakoby M, Heidrich S, Pan L, Richards BS, A Howard I, Wöll C, Haldar R, Wenzel W. Crystalline assembly of perylene in metal-organic framework thin film: J-aggregate or excimer? Insight into the electronic structure. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 33:034001. [PMID: 32987373 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abbc34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The spatial orientation of chromophores defines the photophysical and optoelectronic properties of a material and serves as the main tunable parameter for tailoring functionality. Controlled assembly for achieving a predefined spatial orientation of chromophores is rather challenging. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an attractive platform for exploring the virtually unlimited chemical space of organic components and their self-assembly for device optimization. Here, we demonstrate the impact of interchromophore interactions on the photophysical properties of a surface-anchored MOF (SURMOF) based on 3,9-perylenedicarboxylicacid linkers. We predict the structural assembly of the perylene molecules in the MOF via robust periodic density functional theory calculations and discuss the impact of unit topology and π-π interaction patterns on spectroscopic and semiconducting properties of the MOF films. We explain the dual nature of excited states in the perylene MOF, where strong temperature-modulated excimer emission, enhanced by the formation of perylene J-aggregates, and low stable monomer emission are observed. We use band-like and hopping transport mechanisms to predict semiconducting properties of perylene SURMOF-2 films as a function of inter-linker interactions, demonstrating both p-type and n-type conduction mechanisms. Hole carrier mobility up to 7.34 cm2Vs-1is predicted for the perylene SURMOF-2. The results show a promising pathway towards controlling excimer photophysics in a MOF while controlling charge carrier mobility on the basis of a predictive model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Kozlowska
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Yohanes Pramudya
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marius Jakoby
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Shahriar Heidrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Liuyang Pan
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional Interfaces, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Bryce S Richards
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Light Technology Institute (LTI), Engesserstrasse 13, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Ian A Howard
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Light Technology Institute (LTI), Engesserstrasse 13, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional Interfaces, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ritesh Haldar
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional Interfaces, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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172
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Dianat A, Gutierrez R, Alpern H, Mujica V, Ziv A, Yochelis S, Millo O, Paltiel Y, Cuniberti G. Role of Exchange Interactions in the Magnetic Response and Intermolecular Recognition of Chiral Molecules. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7077-7086. [PMID: 32786950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The physical origin of the so-called chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect has puzzled experimental and theoretical researchers over the past few years. Early experiments were interpreted in terms of unconventional spin-orbit interactions mediated by the helical geometry. However, more recent experimental studies have clearly revealed that electronic exchange interactions also play a key role in the magnetic response of chiral molecules in singlet states. In this investigation, we use spin-polarized closed-shell density functional theory calculations to address the influence of exchange contributions to the interaction between helical molecules as well as of helical molecules with magnetized substrates. We show that exchange effects result in differences in the interaction properties with magnetized surfaces, shedding light into the possible origin of two recent important experimental results: enantiomer separation and magnetic exchange force microscopy with AFM tips functionalized with helical peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Dianat
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rafael Gutierrez
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hen Alpern
- Applied Physics Department and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- Racah Institute of Physics and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Vladimiro Mujica
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Ikerbasque Foundation and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel de Lardizabal Pasealekua 4, 20018 Donostia, Euskadi Spain
| | - Amir Ziv
- Applied Physics Department and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Shira Yochelis
- Applied Physics Department and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Oded Millo
- Racah Institute of Physics and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Yossi Paltiel
- Applied Physics Department and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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173
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Liang JC, Yang CL, Wang MS, Ma XG. Photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen generation driven by tetragonal, trigonal, hexagonal and cubic LiCoO 2 and visible light. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 239:118459. [PMID: 32474368 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic properties of LiCoO2 are not explored up to date although its cubic and trigonal structures are explored experimentally. Here, we investigate the feasibility of photocatalytic hydrogen production from water splitting driven by the tetragonal, trigonal, hexagonal and cubic LiCoO2 with the irradiation of the visible light. The band structure, density of state, optical absorption and mobility are calculated by the first-principles density functional theory. The results show that the band edges of all the four structures of LiCoO2 match to the conditions of the redox potentials of water splitting reaction and the enhanced optical absorption in the visible light range is observed. The obvious difference between the mobilities of the hole and electron are identified, especially for the cubic LiCoO2. All the obtained results suggest that the considered structures of LiCoO2 are promising candidates for the photocatalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen with the irradiation of the visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Cheng Liang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Lu Yang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mei-Shan Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Guang Ma
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, People's Republic of China
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174
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Furness JW, Kaplan AD, Ning J, Perdew JP, Sun J. Accurate and Numerically Efficient r 2SCAN Meta-Generalized Gradient Approximation. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8208-8215. [PMID: 32876454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The recently proposed rSCAN functional [ J. Chem. Phys. 2019 150, 161101] is a regularized form of the SCAN functional [ Phys. Rev. Lett. 2015 115, 036402] that improves SCAN's numerical performance at the expense of breaking constraints known from the exact exchange-correlation functional. We construct a new meta-generalized gradient approximation by restoring exact constraint adherence to rSCAN. The resulting functional maintains rSCAN's numerical performance while restoring the transferable accuracy of SCAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Furness
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Aaron D Kaplan
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Jinliang Ning
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - John P Perdew
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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175
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Wang H, Xu R, Liu C, Wang L, Zhang Z, Su H, Wang S, Zhao Y, Liu Z, Yu D, Mei JW, Zou X, Dai JF. Pressure-Dependent Intermediate Magnetic Phase in Thin Fe 3GeTe 2 Flakes. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7313-7319. [PMID: 32787290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the evolution of ferromagnetism in layered Fe3GeTe2 flakes under different pressures and temperatures using in situ magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy. We found that the rectangular shape of the hysteresis loop under an out-of-plane magnetic field sweep can be sustained below 7 GPa. Above that pressure, an intermediate state appears in the low-temperature region signaled by an 8-shaped skewed hysteresis loop. Meanwhile, the coercive field and Curie temperature decrease with increasing pressures, implying the decrease of the exchange interaction and the magneto-crystalline anisotropy under pressures. The intermediate phase has a labyrinthine domain structure, which is attributed to the increase of the ratio of exchange interaction to magneto-crystalline anisotropy based on Jagla's theory. Moreover, our calculations reveal a weak structural transition around 6 GPa that corresponds to a significant change in the FeI-FeI bond length, which has strong influences on magnetic interaction. Detailed analysis on exchange interaction and magneto-crystalline anisotropy with pressure shows a consistent trend with experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heshen Wang
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Runzhang Xu
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center and Low-Dimensional Materials and Devices Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Cai Liu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Le Wang
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Su
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Shanmin Wang
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yusheng Zhao
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zhaojun Liu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Yu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Wei Mei
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Quantum Functional Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Zou
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center and Low-Dimensional Materials and Devices Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Feng Dai
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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176
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Din NU, Jiang T, Gholam-Mirzaei S, Chini M, Turkowski V. Electron-electron correlations and structural, spectral and polarization properties of tetragonal BaTiO 3. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:475601. [PMID: 32726762 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abaa81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To analyze the role of electron-electron correlation effects in structural (local-geometry), spectral and polarization properties of tetragonal BaTiO3we apply DFT +Uapproach. We demonstrate that the system properties drastically change when the value of the local Coulomb repulsionUcrosses the critical valueUc≈ 7 eV. In particular, the correlation effects cause a change of the ratio of the in-plane and inter-plane Ti-O bond lengths, which results in a flip of the order of the Tid-bands and change of the polarizability of the system. Since the consensus value ofUin BaTiO3is unknown, we discuss how the obtained results may be revealed in experimental data, especially in the optical response and ultrafast charge dynamics, where effectiveUis dynamically tuned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseem Ud Din
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America
| | - Shima Gholam-Mirzaei
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America
| | - Michael Chini
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America
| | - Volodymyr Turkowski
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America
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177
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Yamamoto Y, Salcedo A, Diaz CM, Alam MS, Baruah T, Zope RR. Assessing the effect of regularization on the molecular properties predicted by SCAN and self-interaction corrected SCAN meta-GGA. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:18060-18070. [PMID: 32760934 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02717k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent regularization of the SCAN meta-GGA functional (rSCAN) has simplified the numerical complexities of the SCAN functional, alleviating SCAN's stringent demand on the numerical integration grids to some extent. The regularization of rSCAN, however, results in the breaking of some constraints such as the uniform electron gas limit, the slowly varying density limit, and coordinate scaling of the iso-orbital indicator. Here, we assess the effects of regularization on the electronic, structural, vibrational, and magnetic properties of molecules by comparing the SCAN and rSCAN predictions. The properties studied include atomic energies, atomization energies, ionization potentials, electron affinities, barrier heights, infrared intensities, dissociation and reaction energies, spin moments of molecular magnets, and isomer ordering of water clusters. Our results show that rSCAN requires less dense numerical grids and gives very similar results to those of SCAN for all properties examined with the exception of atomization energies, which are worsened in rSCAN. We also examine the performance of self-interaction-corrected (SIC) rSCAN with respect to SIC-SCAN using the Perdew-Zunger (PZ) SIC method. The PZSIC method uses orbital densities to compute one-electron self-interaction errors and places an even more stringent demand on numerical grids. Our results show that SIC-rSCAN gives marginally better performance than SIC-SCAN for almost all properties studied in this work with numerical grids that are on average half or less as dense as that needed for SIC-SCAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoh Yamamoto
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA.
| | - Alan Salcedo
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA.
| | - Carlos M Diaz
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA. and Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
| | - Md Shamsul Alam
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA. and Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
| | - Tunna Baruah
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA. and Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
| | - Rajendra R Zope
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA. and Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
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178
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Li Y, Li J, Li Y, Ye M, Zheng F, Zhang Z, Fu J, Duan W, Xu Y. High-Temperature Quantum Anomalous Hall Insulators in Lithium-Decorated Iron-Based Superconductor Materials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:086401. [PMID: 32909795 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.086401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) insulator is the key material to study emergent topological quantum effects, but its ultralow working temperature limits experiments. Here, by first-principles calculations, we find a family of stable two-dimensional (2D) structures generated by lithium decoration of layered iron-based superconductor materials Fe X(X=S,Se,Te), and predict room-temperature ferromagnetic semiconductors together with large-gap high-Chern-number QAH insulators in the 2D materials. The extremely robust ferromagnetic order is induced by the electron injection from Li to Fe and stabilized by strong ferromagnetic kinetic exchange in the 2D Fe layer. While in the absence of spin-orbit coupling (SOC), the ferromagnetism polarizes the system into a half Dirac semimetal state protected by mirror symmetry, the SOC effect results in a spontaneous breaking of mirror symmetry and introduces a Dirac mass term, which creates QAH states with sizable gaps (several tens of meV) and multiple chiral edge modes. We also find a 3D QAH insulator phase featured by a macroscopic number of chiral conduction channels in bulk LiOH-LiFe X. The findings open new opportunities to realize novel QAH physics and applications at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiaheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Meng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fawei Zheng
- Laboratory of Computational Physics, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Zetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenhui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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179
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Kaplan AD, Santra B, Bhattarai P, Wagle K, Chowdhury STUR, Bhetwal P, Yu J, Tang H, Burke K, Levy M, Perdew JP. Simple hydrogenic estimates for the exchange and correlation energies of atoms and atomic ions, with implications for density functional theory. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:074114. [PMID: 32828077 DOI: 10.1063/5.0017805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exact density functionals for the exchange and correlation energies are approximated in practical calculations for the ground-state electronic structure of a many-electron system. An important exact constraint for the construction of approximations is to recover the correct non-relativistic large-Z expansions for the corresponding energies of neutral atoms with atomic number Z and electron number N = Z, which are correct to the leading order (-0.221Z5/3 and -0.021Z ln Z, respectively) even in the lowest-rung or local density approximation. We find that hydrogenic densities lead to Ex(N, Z) ≈ -0.354N2/3Z (as known before only for Z ≫ N ≫ 1) and Ec ≈ -0.02N ln N. These asymptotic estimates are most correct for atomic ions with large N and Z ≫ N, but we find that they are qualitatively and semi-quantitatively correct even for small N and N ≈ Z. The large-N asymptotic behavior of the energy is pre-figured in small-N atoms and atomic ions, supporting the argument that widely predictive approximate density functionals should be designed to recover the correct asymptotics. It is shown that the exact Kohn-Sham correlation energy, when calculated from the pure ground-state wavefunction, should have no contribution proportional to Z in the Z → ∞ limit for any fixed N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Kaplan
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Biswajit Santra
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Puskar Bhattarai
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Kamal Wagle
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | | | - Pradeep Bhetwal
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Kieron Burke
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Mel Levy
- Department of Chemistry and Quantum Theory Group, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - John P Perdew
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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180
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Yao Y, Kanai Y. Temperature dependence of nuclear quantum effects on liquid water via artificial neural network model based on SCAN meta-GGA functional. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:044114. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0012815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yao
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Yosuke Kanai
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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181
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Chen Q, Pei Y, Chen H, Song Y, Zhen L, Xu CY, Xiao P, Henkelman G. Highly reversible oxygen redox in layered compounds enabled by surface polyanions. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3411. [PMID: 32641725 PMCID: PMC7343805 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen-anion redox in lithium-rich layered oxides can boost the capacity of lithium-ion battery cathodes. However, the over-oxidation of oxygen at highly charged states aggravates irreversible structure changes and deteriorates cycle performance. Here, we investigate the mechanism of surface degradation caused by oxygen oxidation and the kinetics of surface reconstruction. Considering Li2MnO3, we show through density functional theory calculations that a high energy orbital (lO2p') at under-coordinated surface oxygen prefers over-oxidation over bulk oxygen, and that surface oxygen release is then kinetically favored during charging. We use a simple strategy of turning under-coordinated surface oxygen into polyanionic (SO4)2-, and show that these groups stabilize the surface of Li2MnO3 by depressing gas release and side reactions with the electrolyte. Experimental validation on Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 shows that sulfur deposition enhances stability of the cathode with 99.0% capacity remaining (194 mA h g-1) after 100 cycles at 1 C. Our work reveals a promising surface treatment to address the instability of highly charged layered cathode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.,Department of Chemistry and the Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-0165, USA
| | - Yi Pei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Houwen Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yan Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Liang Zhen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Cheng-Yan Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China. .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Penghao Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and the Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-0165, USA. .,Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA.
| | - Graeme Henkelman
- Department of Chemistry and the Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-0165, USA.
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182
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Panagiotopoulos AZ. Simulations of activities, solubilities, transport properties, and nucleation rates for aqueous electrolyte solutions. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:010903. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0012102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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183
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Duignan TT, Mundy CJ, Schenter GK, Zhao XS. Method for Accurately Predicting Solvation Structure. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:5401-5409. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy T. Duignan
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Mundy
- Physical Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Affiliate Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Gregory K. Schenter
- Physical Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - X. S. Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
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184
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Spontaneously separated intermetallic Co 3Mo from nanoporous copper as versatile electrocatalysts for highly efficient water splitting. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2940. [PMID: 32522988 PMCID: PMC7287083 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16769-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing robust nonprecious electrocatalysts towards hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions is crucial for widespread use of electrochemical water splitting in hydrogen production. Here, we report that intermetallic Co3Mo spontaneously separated from hierarchical nanoporous copper skeleton shows genuine potential as highly efficient electrocatalysts for alkaline hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions in virtue of in-situ hydroxylation and electro-oxidation, respectively. The hydroxylated intermetallic Co3Mo has an optimal hydrogen-binding energy to facilitate adsorption/desorption of hydrogen intermediates for hydrogen molecules. Associated with high electron/ion transport of bicontinuous nanoporous skeleton, nanoporous copper supported Co3Mo electrodes exhibit impressive hydrogen evolution reaction catalysis, with negligible onset overpotential and low Tafel slope (~40 mV dec−1) in 1 M KOH, realizing current density of −400 mA cm−2 at overpotential of as low as 96 mV. When coupled to its electro-oxidized derivative that mediates efficiently oxygen evolution reaction, their alkaline electrolyzer operates with a superior overall water-splitting output, outperforming the one assembled with noble-metal-based catalysts. Electrochemical water splitting is an attractive energy conversion technology, but it usually suffers from low efficiency. Here, the authors report intermetallic Co3Mo integrated on porous Cu as highly efficient electrocatalysts for alkaline HER/OER due to in-situ hydroxylation and electro-oxidation.
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185
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Ko HY, Jia J, Santra B, Wu X, Car R, DiStasio RA. Enabling Large-Scale Condensed-Phase Hybrid Density Functional Theory Based Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics. 1. Theory, Algorithm, and Performance. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:3757-3785. [PMID: 32045232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
By including a fraction of exact exchange (EXX), hybrid functionals reduce the self-interaction error in semilocal density functional theory (DFT) and thereby furnish a more accurate and reliable description of the underlying electronic structure in systems throughout biology, chemistry, physics, and materials science. However, the high computational cost associated with the evaluation of all required EXX quantities has limited the applicability of hybrid DFT in the treatment of large molecules and complex condensed-phase materials. To overcome this limitation, we describe a linear-scaling approach that utilizes a local representation of the occupied orbitals (e.g., maximally localized Wannier functions (MLWFs)) to exploit the sparsity in the real-space evaluation of the quantum mechanical exchange interaction in finite-gap systems. In this work, we present a detailed description of the theoretical and algorithmic advances required to perform MLWF-based ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations of large-scale condensed-phase systems of interest at the hybrid DFT level. We focus our theoretical discussion on the integration of this approach into the framework of Car-Parrinello AIMD, and highlight the central role played by the MLWF-product potential (i.e., the solution of Poisson's equation for each corresponding MLWF-product density) in the evaluation of the EXX energy and wave function forces. We then provide a comprehensive description of the exx algorithm implemented in the open-source Quantum ESPRESSO program, which employs a hybrid MPI/OpenMP parallelization scheme to efficiently utilize the high-performance computing (HPC) resources available on current- and next-generation supercomputer architectures. This is followed by a critical assessment of the accuracy and parallel performance (e.g., strong and weak scaling) of this approach when AIMD simulations of liquid water are performed in the canonical (NVT) ensemble. With access to HPC resources, we demonstrate that exx enables hybrid DFT-based AIMD simulations of condensed-phase systems containing 500-1000 atoms (e.g., (H2O)256) with a wall time cost that is comparable to that of semilocal DFT. In doing so, exx takes us one step closer to routinely performing AIMD simulations of complex and large-scale condensed-phase systems for sufficiently long time scales at the hybrid DFT level of theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Junteng Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Biswajit Santra
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.,Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Xifan Wu
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Roberto Car
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.,Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert A DiStasio
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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186
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Bhattarai P, Wagle K, Shahi C, Yamamoto Y, Romero S, Santra B, Zope RR, Peralta JE, Jackson KA, Perdew JP. A step in the direction of resolving the paradox of Perdew–Zunger self-interaction correction. II. Gauge consistency of the energy density at three levels of approximation. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:214109. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0010375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Puskar Bhattarai
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Kamal Wagle
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Chandra Shahi
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
- Department of Physics and Science of Advanced Materials, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
| | - Yoh Yamamoto
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
| | - Selim Romero
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
| | - Biswajit Santra
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Rajendra R. Zope
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
| | - Juan E. Peralta
- Department of Physics and Science of Advanced Materials, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
| | - Koblar A. Jackson
- Department of Physics and Science of Advanced Materials, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
| | - John P. Perdew
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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187
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Varadwaj PR. A2AgCrBr 6 ( A = K, Rb, Cs) and Cs 2AgCrX 6(X = Cl, I) Double Perovskites: A Transition-Metal-Based Semiconducting Material Series with Remarkable Optics. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E973. [PMID: 32443644 PMCID: PMC7712171 DOI: 10.3390/nano10050973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
With an interest to quest for transition metal-based halogenated double perovskites ABBX6 as high performance semiconducting materials for optoelectronics, this study theoretically examined the electronic structures, stability, electronic (density of states and band structures), transport (effective masses of charge carriers), and optical properties (dielectric function and absorption coefficients, etc.) of the series A2AgCrBr6 (A = K, Rb, Cs) using SCAN+rVV10. Our results showed that A2AgCrBr6 (A = Rb, Cs), but not K2AgCrBr6, has a stable perovskite structure, which was revealed using various traditionally recommended geometry-based indices. Despite this reservation, all the three systems were shown to have similar band structures, density of states, and carrier effective masses of conducting holes and electrons, as well as the nature of the real and imaginary parts of their dielectric function, absorption coefficient, refractive index, and photoconductivity spectra. The small changes observed in any specific property of the series A2AgCrBr6 were due to the changes in the lattice properties driven by alkali substitution at the A site. A comparison with the corresponding properties of Cs2AgCrX6 (X = Cl, I) suggested that halogen substitution at the X-site can not only significantly shift the position of the onset of optical absorption found of the dielectric function, absorption coefficient and refractive spectra of Cs2AgCrCl6 and Cs2AgCrI6 toward the high- and low-energy infrared regions, respectively; but that it is also responsible in modifying their stability, electronic, transport, and optical absorption preferences. The large value of the high frequency dielectric constants-together with the appreciable magnitude of absorption coefficients and refractive indices, small values of effective masses of conducting electrons and holes, and the indirect nature of the bandgap transitions, among others-suggested that cubic A2AgCrBr6 (A = Rb, Cs) and Cs2AgCrCl6 may likely be a set of optoelectronic materials for subsequent experimental characterizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep R Varadwaj
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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188
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Self-interaction error overbinds water clusters but cancels in structural energy differences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11283-11288. [PMID: 32393631 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921258117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We gauge the importance of self-interaction errors in density functional approximations (DFAs) for the case of water clusters. To this end, we used the Fermi-Löwdin orbital self-interaction correction method (FLOSIC) to calculate the binding energy of clusters of up to eight water molecules. Three representative DFAs of the local, generalized gradient, and metageneralized gradient families [i.e., local density approximation (LDA), Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE), and strongly constrained and appropriately normed (SCAN)] were used. We find that the overbinding of the water clusters in these approximations is not a density-driven error. We show that, while removing self-interaction error does not alter the energetic ordering of the different water isomers with respect to the uncorrected DFAs, the resulting binding energies are corrected toward accurate reference values from higher-level calculations. In particular, self-interaction-corrected SCAN not only retains the correct energetic ordering for water hexamers but also reduces the mean error in the hexamer binding energies to less than 14 meV/[Formula: see text] from about 42 meV/[Formula: see text] for SCAN. By decomposing the total binding energy into many-body components, we find that large errors in the two-body interaction in SCAN are significantly reduced by self-interaction corrections. Higher-order many-body errors are small in both SCAN and self-interaction-corrected SCAN. These results indicate that orbital-by-orbital removal of self-interaction combined with a proper DFA can lead to improved descriptions of water complexes.
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189
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Wu C, Wang L, Xiao Z, Li G, Wang L. Effects of van der Waals interactions on the dehydrogenation of n-butane on a Ni(1 1 1) surface. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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190
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Clary JM, Van Norman SA, Funke HH, Su D, Musgrave CB, Weimer AW. Highly dispersed Co deposited on Al 2O 3 particles via CoCp 2 + H 2 ALD. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:175703. [PMID: 31913142 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab68e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Highly dispersed cobalt atoms were deposited on porous alumina particles using atomic layer deposition (ALD) with a CoCp2/H2 chemistry at approximately 7 wt%. H2 did not completely reduce the cyclopentadienyl organic ligands bound to deposited Co atoms at ALD reaction conditions. A sharp decline in Co deposited per cycle for two or more ALD cycles indicates that much of the Al2O3 surface is sterically blocked from further CoCp2 deposition after the first CoCp2 exposure. Temperature programmed reduction confirmed that the adsorbed precursor organic ligands persist after H2 exposures during ALD and temperatures as high as 500 °C are required to fully reduce the organic ligands to CH4. High resolution, element sensitive imaging showed that Co atoms were dispersed on the Al2O3 surface and could deposit in previously unobserved multiple growth morphologies, specifically layers that were continuous over several angstroms or discrete nanoparticles. Density functional theory calculations were used to examine Co atom adsorption, show the altered haptic binding of cracked Cp ligands, and to calculate the thermodynamics of Cp ligand decomposition. The lateral steric hindrance between organic ligands bound to deposited Co atoms, Cp ligand decomposition mechanism, and local Al2O3 surface termination all likely determine the observed Co growth morphology during initial ALD cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Clary
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, United States of America
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191
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Zhang M, Cui Z, Wang Y, Jiang H. Hybrid functionals with system‐dependent parameters: Conceptual foundations and methodological developments. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min‐Ye Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing China
| | - Zhi‐Hao Cui
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena California USA
| | - Yue‐Chao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing China
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192
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Remsing RC, Klein ML. Molecular Simulation of Covalent Bond Dynamics in Liquid Silicon. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:3180-3185. [PMID: 32216375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c01798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Many atomic liquids can form transient covalent bonds reminiscent of those in the corresponding solid states. These directional interactions dictate many important properties of the liquid state, necessitating a quantitative, atomic-scale understanding of bonding in these complex systems. A prototypical example is liquid silicon, wherein transient covalent bonds give rise to local tetrahedral order and consequent nontrivial effects on liquid-state thermodynamics and dynamics. To further understand covalent bonding in liquid silicon, and similar liquids, we present an ab initio-simulation-based approach for quantifying the structure and dynamics of covalent bonds in condensed phases. Through the examination of structural correlations among silicon nuclei and maximally localized Wannier function centers, we develop a geometric criterion for covalent bonds in liquid Si. We use this to monitor the dynamics of transient covalent bonding in the liquid state and estimate a covalent bond lifetime. We compare covalent bond dynamics to other processes in liquid Si and similar liquids and suggest experiments to measure the covalent bond lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Remsing
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Michael L Klein
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science and Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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193
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Wei J, Ogawa T, Feng B, Yokoi T, Ishikawa R, Kuwabara A, Matsunaga K, Shibata N, Ikuhara Y. Direct Measurement of Electronic Band Structures at Oxide Grain Boundaries. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:2530-2536. [PMID: 32134272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b05298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Grain boundaries (GBs) modulate the macroscopic properties in polycrystalline materials because they have different atomic and electronic structures from the bulk. Despite the progress on the understanding of GB atomic structures, knowledge of the localized electronic band structures is still lacking. Here, we experimentally characterized the atomic structures and the band gaps of four typical GBs in α-Al2O3 by scanning transmission electron microscopy and valence electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). It was found that the band gaps of the GBs are narrowed by 0.5-2.1 eV compared with that of 8.8 eV in the bulk. By combing core-loss EELS with first-principles calculations, we elucidated that the band gap reductions directly correlate with the decrease of the coordination numbers of Al and O ions at the GBs. These results provide in-depth understanding between the local atomic and electronic band structures for GBs and demonstrate a novel electronic-structure analysis for crystalline defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiake Wei
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ogawa
- Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan
| | - Bin Feng
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yokoi
- Department of Materials Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ryo Ishikawa
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Akihide Kuwabara
- Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Matsunaga
- Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan
- Department of Materials Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Naoya Shibata
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ikuhara
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan
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194
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Abeyweera SC, Yu J, Perdew JP, Yan Q, Sun Y. Hierarchically 3D Porous Ag Nanostructures Derived from Silver Benzenethiolate Nanoboxes: Enabling CO 2 Reduction with a Near-Unity Selectivity and Mass-Specific Current Density over 500 A/g. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:2806-2811. [PMID: 32197043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanostructures with hierarchical porosities of multiple length scales have been synthesized through electrochemical reduction of silver benzenethiolate nanoboxes. The porous Ag nanostructures exhibit superior catalytic performance toward electrochemical reduction of CO2. The Faradaic efficiency of reducing CO2 to CO can be close to 100% at high cathodic potentials, benefiting from the readsorbed benzenethiolate ions on the Ag surface that can suppress the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Density functional theory calculations using the SCAN functional reveal that the disfavored H binding on the benzenethiolate-modified Ag surface is responsible for inhibiting the HER. The mass-specific activity of CO2 reduction can be over 500 A/g because the multiple-scale porosities maximize the diffusion of reactive species to and away from the Ag surface. The unique multiscale porosities and surface modification of the as-synthesized Ag nanostructures make them a class of promising catalysts for electrochemical reduction of CO2 in protic electrolytes to achieve maximum activity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasitha C Abeyweera
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Physics, Temple University, 1925 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - John P Perdew
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
- Department of Physics, Temple University, 1925 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Qimin Yan
- Department of Physics, Temple University, 1925 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Yugang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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195
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Egan CK, Bizzarro BB, Riera M, Paesani F. Nature of Alkali Ion–Water Interactions: Insights from Many-Body Representations and Density Functional Theory. II. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:3055-3072. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin K. Egan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Brandon B. Bizzarro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Marc Riera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Francesco Paesani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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196
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197
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Duan S, Zhang IY, Xie Z, Xu X. Identification of Water Hexamer on Cu(111) Surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6902-6906. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Duan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai, Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Igor Ying Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai, Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Xie
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xin Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai, Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
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198
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Geilhufe RM, Kahlhoefer F, Winkler MW. Dirac materials for sub-MeV dark matter detection: New targets and improved formalism. Int J Clin Exp Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.101.055005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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199
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Yu LJ, Dale SG, Chan B, Karton A. Benchmark study of DFT and composite methods for bond dissociation energies in argon compounds. Chem Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2019.110676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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200
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Santos Rego J, de Koning M. Density-functional theory prediction of the elastic constants of ice Ih. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:084502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5142710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Santos Rego
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, 13083-859, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurice de Koning
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, 13083-859, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Computing in Engineering and Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, 13083-861 São Paulo, Brazil
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