151
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Pettit GR, Xu JP, Chapuis JC, Melody N. The Cephalostatins. 24. Isolation, Structure, and Cancer Cell Growth Inhibition of Cephalostatin 20. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1446-50. [PMID: 26042639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
For the purpose of advancing knowledge of the structural variations available in the natural cephalostatins contained in the marine worm Cephalodiscus gilchristi, the isolation and structure of the 20th member (1) has been accomplished (10(-7) % yield). In turn cephalostatin 20 (1) proved to be enough for an initial SAR study comprising six important human cancer cell lines. A parallel objective was aimed at the possible discovery of a natural cephalostatin with a more accessible structure for total synthesis and/or synthetic modifications, but with powerful cancer cell growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R Pettit
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Jun-Ping Xu
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Jean-Charles Chapuis
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Noeleen Melody
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
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152
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Sheehy RM, Kuder CH, Bachman Z, Hohl RJ. Calcium and P-glycoprotein independent synergism between schweinfurthins and verapamil. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:1259-68. [PMID: 26046259 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1056420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Schweinfurthins are intriguing natural products with anti-cancer activities and as yet incompletely understood mechanisms of action. We investigated whether inhibitors of P-glycoprotein (Pgp), in a manner analogous to other natural products, might enhance schweinfurthins' growth inhibitory actions by increasing intracellular schweinfurthin levels. Both the schweinfurthin-sensitive glioblastoma multiforme cell line SF-295 and relatively insensitive lung carcinoma cell line A549 were treated with 2 schweinfurthin analogs: 3-deoxyschweinfurthin B-p-nitro bis-stilbene (3dSB-PNBS) and 5'-methylschweinfurthin G (methyl-G). There was a synergistic enhancement of growth inhibition with the combination of the Pgp inhibitor verapamil and both analogs in SF-295 cells. Methyl-G, verapamil, and the combination did not result in alterations to intracellular calcium concentration. Verapamil increased the intracellular concentration of 3dSB-PNBS in both SF-295 and A549 cells in a Pgp-independent manner. Methyl-G, verapamil, and the combination do not result in increased ER stress. Methyl-G increased the intracellular concentration of a known Pgp substrate, Rhodamine 123 in SF-295 cells. Reduction of cellular cholesterol leads to the accumulation of Pgp substrates, as Pgp requires cholesterol for proper function. Since 3dSB enhances lovastatin-induced upregulation of the cholesterol efflux pump ABCA1, it is intriguing that co-treatment with cholesterol rescued the methyl-G-induced increase in Rhodamine 123 intracellular concentration. These studies support the hypothesis that verapamil potentiates the schweinfurthin growth inhibitory effect by increasing its intracellular concentration.
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Key Words
- 3dSB, 3-deoxyschweinfurthin B
- 3dSB-PNBS, 3-deoxyschweinfurthin B p-nitro bis-stilbene
- BAPTA-AM, 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid
- CI, combination index
- DMP-PNBS, 3,4-dimethoxypheny-p-nitro bis-stilbene
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- GBM, Glioblastoma Multiforme
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- Methyl-G, 5'-methoxyschweinfurthin G
- NCI, National Cancer Institute
- PARP, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase
- Pgp, P-glycoprotein drug efflux pump
- cholesterol metabolism
- drug efflux pump
- glioblastoma multiforme
- oxysterol binding protein
- p-glycoprotein
- schweinfurthin
- verapamil
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Sheehy
- a Department of Pharmacology ; University of Iowa ; Iowa City , IA USA
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153
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Pettit GR, Moser BR, Herald DL, Knight JC, Chapuis JC, Zheng X. The Cephalostatins. 23. Conversion of Hecogenin to a Steroidal 1,6-Dioxaspiro[5.5]nonane Analogue for Cephalostatin 11. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1067-1072. [PMID: 25915559 DOI: 10.1021/np501033u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cephalostatin 1 (1) has proved to be a remarkably potent cancer cell growth inhibitor. Since this steroidal alkaloid constituent of the marine worm Cephalodiscus gilchristi possesses a complex structure, providing preclinical supplies by total synthesis continues to be challenging. Therefore, syntheses of less complex structural modifications of this important pyrazine have also received substantial attention. Herein are summarized the synthesis of [5.5]spiroketal 5, a simplified right-side steroidal unit of 1, in seven steps from hecogenin acetate (11) with an overall yield of 4.6%. Consistent with other SAR studies, such reduction in structural complexity compared to 1 led to loss of cancer cell growth inhibitory activity against the P388 lymphocytic leukemia cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R Pettit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Bryan R Moser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Delbert L Herald
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - John C Knight
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Jean-Charles Chapuis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Xing Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
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154
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Weber-Boyvat M, Kentala H, Peränen J, Olkkonen VM. Ligand-dependent localization and function of ORP-VAP complexes at membrane contact sites. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1967-87. [PMID: 25420878 PMCID: PMC11114005 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxysterol-binding protein/OSBP-related proteins (ORPs) constitute a conserved family of sterol/phospholipid-binding proteins with lipid transporter or sensor functions. We investigated the spatial occurrence and regulation of the interactions of human OSBP/ORPs or the S. cerevisiae orthologs, the Osh (OSBP homolog) proteins, with their endoplasmic reticulum (ER) anchors, the VAMP-associated proteins (VAPs), by employing bimolecular fluorescence complementation and pull-down set-ups. The ORP-VAP interactions localize frequently at distinct subcellular sites, shown in several cases to represent membrane contact sites (MCSs). Using established ORP ligand-binding domain mutants and pull-down assays with recombinant proteins, we show that ORP liganding regulates the ORP-VAP association, alters the subcellular targeting of ORP-VAP complexes, or modifies organelle morphology. There is distinct protein specificity in the effects of the mutants on subcellular targeting of ORP-VAP complexes. We provide evidence that complexes of human ORP2 and VAPs at ER-lipid droplet interfaces regulate the hydrolysis of triglycerides and lipid droplet turnover. The data suggest evolutionarily conserved, complex ligand-dependent functions of ORP-VAP complexes at MCSs, with implications for cellular lipid homeostasis and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Weber-Boyvat
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henriikka Kentala
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan Peränen
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vesa M. Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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155
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Albulescu L, Strating JRPM, Thibaut HJ, van der Linden L, Shair MD, Neyts J, van Kuppeveld FJM. Broad-range inhibition of enterovirus replication by OSW-1, a natural compound targeting OSBP. Antiviral Res 2015; 117:110-4. [PMID: 25752737 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Enteroviruses, e.g., polio-, coxsackie- and rhinoviruses, constitute a large genus within the Picornaviridae family of positive-strand RNA viruses and include many important pathogens linked to a variety of acute and chronic diseases. Despite their huge medical and economic impact, no approved antiviral therapy is yet available. Recently, the oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) was implicated as a host factor for enterovirus replication. Here, we investigated the antiviral activity of the natural compound OSW-1, a ligand of OSBP that is under investigation as an anti-cancer drug. OSW-1 potently inhibited the replication of all enteroviruses tested, with IC50 values in the low nanomolar range, acted at the genome replication stage and was effective in all tested cell types of three different species. Importantly, OSBP overexpression rescued viral replication, demonstrating that the antiviral effect of OSW-1 is due to targeting OSBP. Together, we here report the anti-enterovirus activity of the natural anti-cancer compound OSW-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucian Albulescu
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen R P M Strating
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Jan Thibaut
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Matthew D Shair
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
| | - Johan Neyts
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank J M van Kuppeveld
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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156
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Bao X, Zheng W, Hata Sugi N, Agarwala KL, Xu Q, Wang Z, Tendyke K, Lee W, Parent L, Li W, Cheng H, Shen Y, Taylor N, Dezso Z, Du H, Kotake Y, Zhao N, Wang J, Postema M, Woodall-Jappe M, Takase Y, Uenaka T, Kingston DGI, Nomoto K. Small molecule schweinfurthins selectively inhibit cancer cell proliferation and mTOR/AKT signaling by interfering with trans-Golgi-network trafficking. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:589-601. [PMID: 25729885 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1019184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compound schweinfurthins are of considerable interest for novel therapy development because of their selective anti-proliferative activity against human cancer cells. We previously reported the isolation of highly active schweinfurthins E-H, and in the present study, mechanisms of the potent and selective anti-proliferation were investigated. We found that schweinfurthins preferentially inhibited the proliferation of PTEN deficient cancer cells by indirect inhibition of AKT phosphorylation. Mechanistically, schweinfurthins and their analogs arrested trans-Golgi-network trafficking, an intracellular vesicular trafficking system, resulting in the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress and the suppression of both lipid raft-mediated PI3K activation and mTOR/RheB complex formation, which collectively led to an effective inhibition of mTOR/AKT signaling. The trans-Golgi-network traffic arresting effect of schweinfurthins was associated with their in vitro binding activity to oxysterol-binding proteins that are known to regulate intracellular vesicular trafficking. Moreover, schweinfurthins were found to be highly toxic toward PTEN-deficient B cell lymphoma cells, and displayed 2 orders of magnitude lower activity toward normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and primary fibroblasts in vitro. These results revealed a previously unrecognized role of schweinfurthins in regulating trans-Golgi-network trafficking, and linked mechanistically this cellular effect with mTOR/AKT signaling and with cancer cell survival and growth. Our findings suggest the schweinfurthin class of compounds as a novel approach to modulate oncogenic mTOR/AKT signaling for cancer treatment.
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157
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Itraconazole inhibits enterovirus replication by targeting the oxysterol-binding protein. Cell Rep 2015; 10:600-15. [PMID: 25640182 PMCID: PMC4383725 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Itraconazole (ITZ) is a well-known antifungal agent that also has anticancer activity. In this study, we identify ITZ as a broad-spectrum inhibitor of enteroviruses (e.g., poliovirus, coxsackievirus, enterovirus-71, rhinovirus). We demonstrate that ITZ inhibits viral RNA replication by targeting oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) and OSBP-related protein 4 (ORP4). Consistently, OSW-1, a specific OSBP/ORP4 antagonist, also inhibits enterovirus replication. Knockdown of OSBP inhibits virus replication, whereas overexpression of OSBP or ORP4 counteracts the antiviral effects of ITZ and OSW-1. ITZ binds OSBP and inhibits its function, i.e., shuttling of cholesterol and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate between membranes, thereby likely perturbing the virus-induced membrane alterations essential for viral replication organelle formation. ITZ also inhibits hepatitis C virus replication, which also relies on OSBP. Together, these data implicate OSBP/ORP4 as molecular targets of ITZ and point to an essential role of OSBP/ORP4-mediated lipid exchange in virus replication that can be targeted by antiviral drugs.
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158
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Sakurai K, Takeshita T, Hiraizumi M, Yamada R. Synthesis of OSW-1 Derivatives by Site-Selective Acylation and Their Biological Evaluation. Org Lett 2014; 16:6318-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ol503044j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Sakurai
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Biotechnology
and Life Science, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tomoya Takeshita
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Biotechnology
and Life Science, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Masato Hiraizumi
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Biotechnology
and Life Science, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Rika Yamada
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Biotechnology
and Life Science, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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159
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Rhinovirus uses a phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate/cholesterol counter-current for the formation of replication compartments at the ER-Golgi interface. Cell Host Microbe 2014; 16:677-90. [PMID: 25525797 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Similar to other positive-strand RNA viruses, rhinovirus, the causative agent of the common cold, replicates on a web of cytoplasmic membranes, orchestrated by host proteins and lipids. The host pathways that facilitate the formation and function of the replication membranes and complexes are poorly understood. We show that rhinovirus replication depends on host factors driving phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P)-cholesterol counter-currents at viral replication membranes. Depending on the virus type, replication required phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase class 3beta (PI4K3b), cholesteryl-esterase hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) or oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP)-like 1, 2, 5, 9, or 11 associated with lipid droplets, endosomes, or Golgi. Replication invariably required OSBP1, which shuttles cholesterol and PI4P between ER and Golgi at membrane contact sites. Infection also required ER-associated PI4P phosphatase Sac1 and phosphatidylinositol (PI) transfer protein beta (PITPb) shunting PI between ER-Golgi. These data support a PI4P-cholesterol counter-flux model for rhinovirus replication.
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160
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Taipale M, Tucker G, Peng J, Krykbaeva I, Lin ZY, Larsen B, Choi H, Berger B, Gingras AC, Lindquist S. A quantitative chaperone interaction network reveals the architecture of cellular protein homeostasis pathways. Cell 2014; 158:434-448. [PMID: 25036637 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chaperones are abundant cellular proteins that promote the folding and function of their substrate proteins (clients). In vivo, chaperones also associate with a large and diverse set of cofactors (cochaperones) that regulate their specificity and function. However, how these cochaperones regulate protein folding and whether they have chaperone-independent biological functions is largely unknown. We combined mass spectrometry and quantitative high-throughput LUMIER assays to systematically characterize the chaperone-cochaperone-client interaction network in human cells. We uncover hundreds of chaperone clients, delineate their participation in specific cochaperone complexes, and establish a surprisingly distinct network of protein-protein interactions for cochaperones. As a salient example of the power of such analysis, we establish that NUDC family cochaperones specifically associate with structurally related but evolutionarily distinct β-propeller folds. We provide a framework for deciphering the proteostasis network and its regulation in development and disease and expand the use of chaperones as sensors for drug-target engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Taipale
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02114, USA
| | - George Tucker
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jian Peng
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Irina Krykbaeva
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02114, USA
| | - Zhen-Yuan Lin
- Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Brett Larsen
- Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Hyungwon Choi
- National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Bonnie Berger
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Susan Lindquist
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02114, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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161
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Pan N, Rao W, Kothapalli NR, Liu R, Burgett AWG, Yang Z. The single-probe: a miniaturized multifunctional device for single cell mass spectrometry analysis. Anal Chem 2014; 86:9376-80. [PMID: 25222919 DOI: 10.1021/ac5029038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a new mass spectrometry (MS) technology, the Single-probe MS, capable of real-time, in situ metabolomic analysis of individual living cells. The Single-probe is a miniaturized multifunctional sampling and ionization device that is directly coupled to the mass spectrometer. With a sampling tip smaller than individual eukaryotic cells (<10 μm), the Single-probe can be inserted into single cells to sample the intracellular compounds for real-time MS analysis. We have used the Single-probe to detect several cellular metabolites and the anticancer small molecules paclitaxel, doxorubicin, and OSW-1 in individual cervical cancer cells (HeLa). Single cell mass spectrometry (SCMS) is an emerging scientific technology that could reshape the analytical science of many research disciplines, and the Single-probe MS technology is a novel method for SCMS that, through its accessible fabrication protocols, can be broadly applied to different research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma , Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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162
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Lockett S, Verma C, Brafman A, Gudla P, Nandy K, Mimaki Y, Fuchs PL, Jaja J, Reilly KM, Beutler J, Turbyville TJ. Quantitative analysis of F-actin redistribution in astrocytoma cells treated with candidate pharmaceuticals. Cytometry A 2014; 85:512-21. [PMID: 24515854 PMCID: PMC4385705 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Actin fibers (F-actin) control the shape and internal organization of cells, and generate force. It has been long appreciated that these functions are tightly coupled, and in some cases drive cell behavior and cell fate. The distribution and dynamics of F-actin is different in cancer versus normal cells and in response to small molecules, including actin-targeting natural products and anticancer drugs. Therefore, quantifying actin structural changes from high resolution fluorescence micrographs is necessary for further understanding actin cytoskeleton dynamics and phenotypic consequences of drug interactions on cells. We applied an artificial neural network algorithm, which used image intensity and anisotropy measurements, to quantitatively classify F-actin subcellular features into actin along the edges of cells, actin at the protrusions of cells, internal fibers and punctate signals. The algorithm measured significant increase in F-actin at cell edges with concomitant decrease in internal punctate actin in astrocytoma cells lacking functional neurofibromin and p53 when treated with three structurally-distinct anticancer small molecules: OSW1, Schweinfurthin A (SA) and a synthetic marine compound 23'-dehydroxycephalostatin 1. Distinctly different changes were measured in cells treated with the actin inhibitor cytochalasin B. These measurements support published reports that SA acts on F-actin in NF1(-/-) neurofibromin deficient cancer cells through changes in Rho signaling. Quantitative pattern analysis of cells has wide applications for understanding mechanisms of small molecules, because many anti-cancer drugs directly or indirectly target cytoskeletal proteins. Furthermore, quantitative information about the actin cytoskeleton may make it possible to further understand cell fate decisions using mathematically testable models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Lockett
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, Maryland
| | | | - Alla Brafman
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Prabhakar Gudla
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Kaustav Nandy
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Yoshihiro Mimaki
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Philip L. Fuchs
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907
| | - Joseph Jaja
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Karlyne M. Reilly
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute—Frederick (NCI-F), Frederick, Maryland
| | - John Beutler
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, NCI-F, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Thomas J. Turbyville
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, Maryland
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163
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WANG HONGLIANG, PERRY JEFFREYW, LAURING ADAMS, NEDDERMANN PETRA, DE FRANCESCO RAFFAELE, TAI ANDREWW. Oxysterol-binding protein is a phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase effector required for HCV replication membrane integrity and cholesterol trafficking. Gastroenterology 2014; 146:1373-85.e1-11. [PMID: 24512803 PMCID: PMC3992183 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Positive-sense RNA viruses remodel intracellular membranes to generate specialized membrane compartments for viral replication. Several RNA viruses, including poliovirus and hepatitis C virus (HCV), require phosphatidylinositol (PI) 4-kinases for their replication. However, it is not known how PI 4-kinases and their product, PI(4)P, facilitate host membrane reorganization and viral replication. In addition, although the HCV replication compartment, known as the membranous web, is believed to be cholesterol enriched, the mechanisms by which this occurs have not been elucidated. We aimed to identify and characterize a PI 4-kinase effector in HCV replication. METHODS We used a combination of microscopic and biochemical methods to study HCV replication, web morphology, the distribution of intracellular protein and PI(4)P, along with cholesterol trafficking in HCV-infected cells. PI 4-kinase and oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) were inhibited using RNA interference or small molecules in cells expressing a full-length genotype 1b replicon or infected with the JFH-1 strain of HCV. RESULTS OSBP was required for HCV replication and membranous web integrity. OSBP was recruited to membranous webs in a PI 4-kinase-dependent manner, and both these factors were found to regulate cholesterol trafficking to the web. We also found OSBP to be required for poliovirus infection but dispensable for dengue virus. CONCLUSIONS OSBP is a PI 4-kinase effector in HCV infection, and contributes to the integrity and cholesterol enrichment of the membranous web. OSBP might also be a PI 4-kinase effector in poliovirus infection and could be involved in replication of other viruses that require PI 4-kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- HONGLIANG WANG
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - JEFFREY W. PERRY
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - ADAM S. LAURING
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - PETRA NEDDERMANN
- Virology Program, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare (INGM), Milano, Italy
| | | | - ANDREW W. TAI
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor Veterans Administration Health System, Ann Arbor, MI
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164
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Charman M, Colbourne TR, Pietrangelo A, Kreplak L, Ridgway ND. Oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP)-related protein 4 (ORP4) is essential for cell proliferation and survival. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:15705-17. [PMID: 24742681 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.571216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) and OSBP-related proteins (ORPs) comprise a large gene family with sterol/lipid transport and regulatory activities. ORP4 (OSBP2) is a closely related paralogue of OSBP, but its function is unknown. Here we show that ORP4 binds similar sterol and lipid ligands as OSBP and other ORPs but is uniquely required for the proliferation and survival of cultured cells. Recombinant ORP4L and a variant without a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain (ORP4S) bind 25-hydroxycholesterol and extract and transfer cholesterol between liposomes. Two conserved histidine residues in the OSBP homology domain ORP4 are essential for binding phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate but not sterols. The PH domain of ORP4L also binds phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate in the Golgi apparatus. However, in the context of ORP4L, the PH domain is required for normal organization of the vimentin network. Unlike OSBP, RNAi silencing of all ORP4 variants (including a partial PH domain truncation termed ORP4M) in HEK293 and HeLa cells resulted in growth arrest but not cell death. ORP4 silencing in non-transformed intestinal epithelial cells (IEC)-18 caused apoptosis characterized by caspase 3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase processing, DNA cleavage, and JNK phosphorylation. IEC-18 transformed with oncogenic H-Ras have increased expression of ORP4L and ORP4S proteins and are resistant to the growth-inhibitory effects of ORP4 silencing. Results suggest that ORP4 promotes the survival of rapidly proliferating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Charman
- From the Departments of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Terry R Colbourne
- From the Departments of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | | | - Laurent Kreplak
- Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Neale D Ridgway
- From the Departments of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
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165
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Lathe R, Sapronova A, Kotelevtsev Y. Atherosclerosis and Alzheimer--diseases with a common cause? Inflammation, oxysterols, vasculature. BMC Geriatr 2014; 14:36. [PMID: 24656052 PMCID: PMC3994432 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2318-14-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is accompanied by increasing vulnerability to pathologies such as atherosclerosis (ATH) and Alzheimer disease (AD). Are these different pathologies, or different presentations with a similar underlying pathoetiology? DISCUSSION Both ATH and AD involve inflammation, macrophage infiltration, and occlusion of the vasculature. Allelic variants in common genes including APOE predispose to both diseases. In both there is strong evidence of disease association with viral and bacterial pathogens including herpes simplex and Chlamydophila. Furthermore, ablation of components of the immune system (or of bone marrow-derived macrophages alone) in animal models restricts disease development in both cases, arguing that both are accentuated by inflammatory/immune pathways. We discuss that amyloid β, a distinguishing feature of AD, also plays a key role in ATH. Several drugs, at least in mouse models, are effective in preventing the development of both ATH and AD. Given similar age-dependence, genetic underpinnings, involvement of the vasculature, association with infection, Aβ involvement, the central role of macrophages, and drug overlap, we conclude that the two conditions reflect different manifestations of a common pathoetiology. MECHANISM Infection and inflammation selectively induce the expression of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H). Acutely, the production of 'immunosterol' 25-hydroxycholesterol (25OHC) defends against enveloped viruses. We present evidence that chronic macrophage CH25H upregulation leads to catalyzed esterification of sterols via 25OHC-driven allosteric activation of ACAT (acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase/SOAT), intracellular accumulation of cholesteryl esters and lipid droplets, vascular occlusion, and overt disease. SUMMARY We postulate that AD and ATH are both caused by chronic immunologic challenge that induces CH25H expression and protection against particular infectious agents, but at the expense of longer-term pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lathe
- State University of Pushchino, Prospekt Nauki, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia
- Pushchino Branch of the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290 Moscow Region, Russia
- Pieta Research, PO Box 27069, Edinburgh EH10 5YW, UK
| | - Alexandra Sapronova
- State University of Pushchino, Prospekt Nauki, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia
- Pushchino Branch of the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290 Moscow Region, Russia
- Optical Research Group, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biophysics of Development, Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri Kotelevtsev
- State University of Pushchino, Prospekt Nauki, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia
- Pushchino Branch of the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290 Moscow Region, Russia
- Biomedical Centre for Research Education and Innovation (CREI), Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo 143025, Russia
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Little France, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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166
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Peyrot SM, Nachtergaele S, Luchetti G, Mydock-McGrane LK, Fujiwara H, Scherrer D, Jallouk A, Schlesinger PH, Ory DS, Covey DF, Rohatgi R. Tracking the subcellular fate of 20(s)-hydroxycholesterol with click chemistry reveals a transport pathway to the Golgi. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:11095-11110. [PMID: 24596093 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.540351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxysterols, oxidized metabolites of cholesterol, are endogenous small molecules that regulate lipid metabolism, immune function, and developmental signaling. Although the cell biology of cholesterol has been intensively studied, fundamental questions about oxysterols, such as their subcellular distribution and trafficking pathways, remain unanswered. We have therefore developed a useful method to image intracellular 20(S)-hydroxycholesterol with both high sensitivity and spatial resolution using click chemistry and fluorescence microscopy. The metabolic labeling of cells with an alkynyl derivative of 20(S)-hydroxycholesterol has allowed us to directly visualize this oxysterol by attaching an azide fluorophore through cyclo-addition. Unexpectedly, we found that this oxysterol selectively accumulates in the Golgi membrane using a pathway that is sensitive to ATP levels, temperature, and lysosome function. Although previous models have proposed nonvesicular pathways for the rapid equilibration of oxysterols between membranes, direct imaging of oxysterols suggests that a vesicular pathway is responsible for differential accumulation of oxysterols in organelle membranes. More broadly, clickable alkynyl sterols may represent useful tools for sterol cell biology, both to investigate the functions of these important lipids and to decipher the pathways that determine their cellular itineraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Peyrot
- Departments of Medicine and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Sigrid Nachtergaele
- Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, and
| | - Giovanni Luchetti
- Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, and
| | - Laurel K Mydock-McGrane
- Departments of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Hideji Fujiwara
- The Diabetic Cardiovascular Research Center, and Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - David Scherrer
- The Diabetic Cardiovascular Research Center, and Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Andrew Jallouk
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Paul H Schlesinger
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Daniel S Ory
- The Diabetic Cardiovascular Research Center, and Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Douglas F Covey
- Departments of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110; Departments ofAnesthesiology, and Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110; Departments of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110; The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Rajat Rohatgi
- Departments of Medicine and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305; Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, and.
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167
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Abstract
Lipids are unevenly distributed within and between cell membranes, thus defining organelle identity. Such distribution relies on local metabolic branches and mechanisms that move lipids. These processes are regulated by feedback mechanisms that decipher topographical information in organelle membranes and then regulate lipid levels or flows. In the endoplasmic reticulum, the major lipid source, transcriptional regulators and enzymes sense changes in membrane features to modulate lipid production. At the Golgi apparatus, lipid-synthesizing, lipid-flippase, and lipid-transport proteins (LTPs) collaborate to control lipid balance and distribution within the membrane to guarantee remodeling processes crucial for vesicular trafficking. Open questions exist regarding LTPs, which are thought to be lipid sensors that regulate lipid synthesis or carriers that transfer lipids between organelles across long distances or in contact sites. A novel model is that LTPs, by exchanging two different lipids, exploit one lipid gradient between two distinct membranes to build a second lipid gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Drin
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis and CNRS, 06560 Valbonne, France;
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168
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Yamada R, Takeshita T, Hiraizumi M, Shinohe D, Ohta Y, Sakurai K. Fluorescent analog of OSW-1 and its cellular localization. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1839-42. [PMID: 24613377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OSW-1 is a steroidal saponin, which has emerged as an attractive anticancer agent with highly cancer cell selective activity. A fluorescent analog was prepared from the natural product to analyze its cellular uptake and localization. We found that the fluorescent analog is rapidly internalized into cells and is primarily distributed in endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Yamada
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, School of Engineering, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tomoya Takeshita
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, School of Engineering, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Masato Hiraizumi
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, School of Engineering, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shinohe
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, School of Engineering, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohta
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, School of Engineering, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kaori Sakurai
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, School of Engineering, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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169
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Mesmin B, Bigay J, Moser von Filseck J, Lacas-Gervais S, Drin G, Antonny B. A four-step cycle driven by PI(4)P hydrolysis directs sterol/PI(4)P exchange by the ER-Golgi tether OSBP. Cell 2014; 155:830-43. [PMID: 24209621 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 726] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Several proteins at endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi membrane contact sites contain a PH domain that interacts with the Golgi phosphoinositide PI(4)P, a FFAT motif that interacts with the ER protein VAP-A, and a lipid transfer domain. This architecture suggests the ability to both tether organelles and transport lipids between them. We show that in oxysterol binding protein (OSBP) these two activities are coupled by a four-step cycle. Membrane tethering by the PH domain and the FFAT motif enables sterol transfer by the lipid transfer domain (ORD), followed by back transfer of PI(4)P by the ORD. Finally, PI(4)P is hydrolyzed in cis by the ER protein Sac1. The energy provided by PI(4)P hydrolysis drives sterol transfer and allows negative feedback when PI(4)P becomes limiting. Other lipid transfer proteins are tethered by the same mechanism. Thus, OSBP-mediated back transfer of PI(4)P might coordinate the transfer of other lipid species at the ER-Golgi interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Mesmin
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis and CNRS, 06560 Valbonne, France
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170
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Guan YY, Song C, Lei PS. Synthesis of three OSW-1 analogs with maltose side chains bearing different protection groups. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2014; 16:43-52. [PMID: 24313263 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2013.863185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In order to simplify the synthesis of OSW-1's disaccharide side chain and explore the structure-activity relationship of OSW-1, three 16α-O-maltose OSW-1 analogs carrying three maltose side chains bearing different protections were designed and synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yao Guan
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Peking , 100050 , China
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171
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Olkkonen VM, Li S. Oxysterol-binding proteins: Sterol and phosphoinositide sensors coordinating transport, signaling and metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2013; 52:529-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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172
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Kanduluru AK, Banerjee P, Beutler JA, Fuchs PL. A convergent total synthesis of the potent cephalostatin/ritterazine hybrid -25-epi ritterostatin GN1N. J Org Chem 2013; 78:9085-92. [PMID: 23899273 PMCID: PMC7511990 DOI: 10.1021/jo401171q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The convergent synthesis of 25-epi ritterostatin GN1N is described for the first time, starting from hecogenin acetate (HA). Stereoselective dihydroxylation employing the chiral ligand (DHQ)2PHAL was used as the key step to introduce the C25 epi-stereocenter on the north 1 segment. The title compound was obtained through a coupling reaction between the C3-keto-azide (cstat North 1) and North G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Kumar Kanduluru
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Prabal Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - John A Beutler
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Philip L Fuchs
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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173
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Maeda K, Anand K, Chiapparino A, Kumar A, Poletto M, Kaksonen M, Gavin AC. Interactome map uncovers phosphatidylserine transport by oxysterol-binding proteins. Nature 2013; 501:257-61. [PMID: 23934110 DOI: 10.1038/nature12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The internal organization of eukaryotic cells into functionally specialized, membrane-delimited organelles of unique composition implies a need for active, regulated lipid transport. Phosphatidylserine (PS), for example, is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and then preferentially associates--through mechanisms not fully elucidated--with the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. Lipids can travel via transport vesicles. Alternatively, several protein families known as lipid-transfer proteins (LTPs) can extract a variety of specific lipids from biological membranes and transport them, within a hydrophobic pocket, through aqueous phases. Here we report the development of an integrated approach that combines protein fractionation and lipidomics to characterize the LTP-lipid complexes formed in vivo. We applied the procedure to 13 LTPs in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: the six Sec14 homology (Sfh) proteins and the seven oxysterol-binding homology (Osh) proteins. We found that Osh6 and Osh7 have an unexpected specificity for PS. In vivo, they participate in PS homeostasis and the transport of this lipid to the plasma membrane. The structure of Osh6 bound to PS reveals unique features that are conserved among other metazoan oxysterol-binding proteins (OSBPs) and are required for PS recognition. Our findings represent the first direct evidence, to our knowledge, for the non-vesicular transfer of PS from its site of biosynthesis (the endoplasmic reticulum) to its site of biological activity (the plasma membrane). We describe a new subfamily of OSBPs, including human ORP5 and ORP10, that transfer PS and propose new mechanisms of action for a protein family that is involved in several human pathologies such as cancer, dyslipidaemia and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Maeda
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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174
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Cheun Y, Kou Y, Stevenson B, Kim HK, Koag MC, Lee S. Synthesis of C17-OH-north unit of ritterazine G via "Red-Ox" modifications of hecogenin acetate. Steroids 2013; 78:639-43. [PMID: 23500411 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The C17-OH-north unit of ritterazine G was prepared in 13 steps from hecogenin acetate. This synthesis features a highly efficient and stereoselective introduction of the C17-OH via E-ring cleavage/F-ring formation, D-ring oxidation, and F-ring cleavage/E-ring formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Cheun
- The Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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175
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McFedries A, Schwaid A, Saghatelian A. Methods for the Elucidation of Protein-Small Molecule Interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 20:667-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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176
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Tang Y, Li N, Duan JA, Tao W. Structure, Bioactivity, and Chemical Synthesis of OSW-1 and Other Steroidal Glycosides in the Genus Ornithogalum. Chem Rev 2013; 113:5480-514. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300072s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology of TCM Formulae
Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Nianguang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology of TCM Formulae
Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jin-ao Duan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology of TCM Formulae
Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Weiwei Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology of TCM Formulae
Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
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177
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de Weille J, Fabre C, Bakalara N. Oxysterols in cancer cell proliferation and death. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:154-60. [PMID: 23500545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxysterols have been shown to interfere with proliferation and cause the death of many cancer cell types, such as leukaemia, glioblastoma, colon, breast and prostate cancer cells, while they have little or no effect on senescent cells. The mechanisms by which oxysterols may influence proliferation are manifold: they control the transcription and the turnover of the key enzyme in cholesterol synthesis, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase, by binding to Insig-1, Insig-2 and liver X receptors. Oxysterols are thought to be generated in proportion to the rate of cholesterol synthesis. Although there is no consensus about the mechanism by which these oxysterols are generated in vivo, it clearly has to be ubiquitous. The 25- and the 27-cholesterol hydroxylases, present in almost all tissues, are possible candidates. Cholesterol uptake from lipoproteins, intracellular vesicle transport and lipid transfer are also modified by oxysterols. Oxysterols interfere with ERK, hedgehog and wnt pathways of proliferation and differentiation. When administered in vitro to cancer cell lines, oxysterols invariably both slow down proliferation and provoke cell death. Perhaps is it sufficient to stop proliferation of a cancer to provoke its eradication. Therefore, the two facets of oxysterol action that seem important for cancer treatment, cytostaticity and cytotoxicity, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan de Weille
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, U1051 INSERM, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 05, France.
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178
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Jin J, Jin X, Qian C, Ruan Y, Jiang H. Signaling network of OSW‑1‑induced apoptosis and necroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2013; 7:1646-50. [PMID: 23503804 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The compound 3β, 16β, 17α‑trihydroxycholest‑5‑en‑22‑one 16‑O‑(2‑O‑4‑methoxybenzoyl‑β‑D‑xylopyranosyl)‑ (1→3)‑(2‑O‑acetyl‑α‑L‑arabinopyranoside (OSW‑1) is a member of the cholestane saponin family that was created in the bulbs of Ornithogalum saudersiae. OSW‑1 has previously been shown as cytotoxic against numerous types of malignant cells, however, its antitumoral mechanisms remain unclear. The present study aimed to examine the potential changes in the gene expression of a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line (Hep3B) incubated with OSW‑1 in vitro. The results showed that OSW‑1 inhibited tumors through invasiveness, angiogenesis, cell polarity and cell adhesion (as shown by Roche NimbleGen gene expression analysis), in addition to inducing apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. This affected the expression of a number of core genes in a number of signaling pathways, including WNT, MAPK, VEGF and P53. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to report that OSW‑1, as a molecular compound, induces necroptotic death in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichun Jin
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133000, PR China
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179
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Marchion DC, Bicaku E, Xiong Y, Bou Zgheib N, Al Sawah E, Stickles XB, Judson PL, Lopez AS, Cubitt CL, Gonzalez-Bosquet J, Wenham RM, Apte SM, Berglund A, Lancaster JM. A novel c-Met inhibitor, MK8033, synergizes with carboplatin plus paclitaxel to inhibit ovarian cancer cell growth. Oncol Rep 2013; 29:2011-8. [PMID: 23467907 PMCID: PMC4536335 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated serum levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and high tumor expression of c-Met are both indicators of poor overall survival from ovarian cancer (OVCA). In the present study, we evaluated the role of the HGF signaling pathway in OVCA cell line chemoresistance and OVCA patient overall survival as well as the influence of HGF/c-Met signaling inhibition on the sensitivity of OVCA cells to combinational carboplatin plus paclitaxel therapy. The prevalence of the HGF receptor, c-Met, was determined by immunohistochemistry in primary OVCA samples (n=79) and OVCA cell lines (n=41). The influence of the c-Met-specific inhibitor MK8033 on OVCA cell sensitivity to combinations of carboplatin plus paclitaxel was examined in a subset of OVCA cells (n=8) by CellTiter-Blue cell viability assays. Correlation tests were used to identify genes associated with response to MK8033 and carboplatin plus paclitaxel. Identified genes were evaluated for influence on overall survival from OVCA using principal component analysis (PCA) modeling in an independent clinical OVCA dataset (n=218). Immunohistochemistry analysis indicated that 83% of OVCA cells and 92% of primary OVCA expressed the HGF receptor, c-Met. MK8033 exhibited significant anti-proliferative effects against a panel of human OVCA cell lines. Combination index values determined by the Chou-Talalay isobologram equation indicated synergistic activity in combinations of MK8033 and carboplatin plus paclitaxel. Pearson's correlation identified a 47-gene signature to be associated with MK8033-carboplatin plus paclitaxel response. PCA modeling indicated an association of this 47-gene response signature with overall survival from OVCA (P=0.013). These data indicate that HGF/c-Met pathway signaling may influence OVCA chemosensitivity and overall patient survival. Furthermore, HGF/c-Met inhibition by MK8033 represents a promising new therapeutic avenue to increase OVCA sensitivity to carboplatin plus paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C Marchion
- Department of Women's Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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180
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Weber-Boyvat M, Zhong W, Yan D, Olkkonen VM. Oxysterol-binding proteins: functions in cell regulation beyond lipid metabolism. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:89-95. [PMID: 23428468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxysterol-binding (OSBP)-related proteins (ORPs) constitute a family of sterol and phosphoinositide binding/transfer proteins in eukaryotes from yeast to man. While their functions have mainly been addressed in cellular lipid metabolism or sterol transport, increasing evidence points to more versatile regulatory roles in a spectrum of cellular regimes. In fact ORPs do not appear to be robust controllers of lipid homeostasis. Several ORPs localize at membrane contacts sites (MCS), where endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is apposed with other organelle limiting membranes. Apparently, ORPs have the capacity to control the formation of MCS or activity of enzymatic machineries at these sites. Thereby, ORPs most likely affect organelle membrane lipid compositions, with impacts on signaling and vesicle transport, but also cellular lipid metabolism. Moreover, an increasing number of protein interaction partners of ORPs have been identified, connecting these proteins with various aspects of cell regulation. Small molecular anti-proliferative compounds, ORPphilins, were recently found to target two members of the ORP family, OSBP and ORP4, revealing an essential function of ORPs in cancer cell proliferation and survival. Further functions assigned for ORPs include regulation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) activity (OSBP), control of ER-late endosome MCS and late endosome motility (ORP1L), regulation of β1-integrin activity (ORP3), modulation of hepatocyte insulin signaling and macrophage migration (ORP8), as well as post-Golgi vesicle transport, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate and target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling and nitrogen sensing (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Osh4p). These and other recent observations shed light on the ORPs as integrators of lipid signals with an unforeseen variety of vital cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Weber-Boyvat
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
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181
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Ziegler S, Pries V, Hedberg C, Waldmann H. Identifizierung der Zielproteine bioaktiver Verbindungen: Die Suche nach der Nadel im Heuhaufen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201208749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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182
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Ziegler S, Pries V, Hedberg C, Waldmann H. Target identification for small bioactive molecules: finding the needle in the haystack. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:2744-92. [PMID: 23418026 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Identification and confirmation of bioactive small-molecule targets is a crucial, often decisive step both in academic and pharmaceutical research. Through the development and availability of several new experimental techniques, target identification is, in principle, feasible, and the number of successful examples steadily grows. However, a generic methodology that can successfully be applied in the majority of the cases has not yet been established. Herein we summarize current methods for target identification of small molecules, primarily for a chemistry audience but also the biological community, for example, the chemist or biologist attempting to identify the target of a given bioactive compound. We describe the most frequently employed experimental approaches for target identification and provide several representative examples illustrating the state-of-the-art. Among the techniques currently available, protein affinity isolation using suitable small-molecule probes (pulldown) and subsequent mass spectrometric analysis of the isolated proteins appears to be most powerful and most frequently applied. To provide guidance for rapid entry into the field and based on our own experience we propose a typical workflow for target identification, which centers on the application of chemical proteomics as the key step to generate hypotheses for potential target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slava Ziegler
- Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Physiologie, Abt. Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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183
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Kou Y, Cheun Y, Koag MC, Lee S. Synthesis of 14',15'-dehydro-ritterazine Y via reductive and oxidative functionalizations of hecogenin acetate. Steroids 2013; 78:304-11. [PMID: 23238516 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An analog of ritterazine Y was synthesized from hecogenin acetate in 23 steps via functional group manipulations of hecogenin acetate. Preparation of the north G and south Y units and the late stage Guo-Fuchs asymmetric coupling of the both units afforded the ritterazine Y analog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Kou
- The Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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184
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Garcia-Prieto C, Riaz Ahmed KB, Chen Z, Zhou Y, Hammoudi N, Kang Y, Lou C, Mei Y, Jin Z, Huang P. Effective killing of leukemia cells by the natural product OSW-1 through disruption of cellular calcium homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:3240-50. [PMID: 23250754 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.384776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
3β,16β,17α-Trihydroxycholest-5-en-22-one 16-O-(2-O-4-methoxybenzoyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl)-(1→3)-2-O-acetyl-α-L-arabinopyranoside (OSW-1) is a natural product with potent antitumor activity against various types of cancer cells, but the exact mechanisms of action remain to be defined. In this study, we showed that OSW-1 effectively killed leukemia cells at subnanomolar concentrations through a unique mechanism by causing a time-dependent elevation of cytosolic Ca(2+) prior to induction of apoptosis. A mechanistic study revealed that this compound inhibited the sodium-calcium exchanger 1 on the plasma membrane, leading to an increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) and a decrease in cytosolic Na(+). The elevated cytosolic Ca(2+) caused mitochondrial calcium overload and resulted in a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c, and activation of caspase-3. Furthermore, OSW-1 also caused a Ca(2+)-dependent cleavage of the survival factor GRP78. Inhibition of Ca(2+) entry into the mitochondria by the uniporter inhibitor RU360 or by cyclosporin A significantly prevented the OSW-1-induced cell death, indicating the important role of mitochondria in mediating the cytotoxic activity. The extremely potent activity of OSW-1 against leukemia cells and its unique mechanism of action suggest that this compound may be potentially useful in the treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Garcia-Prieto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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185
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Zhou Y, Robciuc MR, Wabitsch M, Juuti A, Leivonen M, Ehnholm C, Yki-Järvinen H, Olkkonen VM. OSBP-related proteins (ORPs) in human adipose depots and cultured adipocytes: evidence for impacts on the adipocyte phenotype. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45352. [PMID: 23028956 PMCID: PMC3448648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) homologues, ORPs, are implicated in lipid homeostatic control, vesicle transport, and cell signaling. We analyzed here the quantity of ORP mRNAs in human subcutaneous (s.c.) and visceral adipose depots, as well as in the Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) adipocyte cell model. All of the ORP mRNAs were present in the s.c and visceral adipose tissues, and the two depots shared an almost identical ORP mRNA expression pattern. SGBS adipocytes displayed a similar pattern, suggesting that the adipose tissue ORP expression pattern mainly derives from adipocytes. During SGBS cell adipogenic differentiation, ORP2, ORP3, ORP4, ORP7, and ORP8 mRNAs were down-regulated, while ORP11 was induced. To assess the impacts of ORPs on adipocyte differentiation, ORP3 and ORP8, proteins down-regulated during adipogenesis, were overexpressed in differentiating SGBS adipocytes, while ORP11, a protein induced during adipogenesis, was silenced. ORP8 overexpression resulted in reduced expression of the aP2 mRNA, while down-regulation of adiponectin and aP2 was observed in ORP11 silenced cells. Furthermore, ORP8 overexpression or silencing of ORP11 markedly decreased cellular triglyceride storage. These data identify the patterns of ORP expression in human adipose depots and SGBS adipocytes, and provide the first evidence for a functional impact of ORPs on the adipocyte phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhou
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marius R. Robciuc
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Genomics Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anne Juuti
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Leivonen
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christian Ehnholm
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Genomics Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannele Yki-Järvinen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vesa M. Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
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186
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Gorin A, Gabitova L, Astsaturov I. Regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis and cancer signaling. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2012; 12:710-6. [PMID: 22824431 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cellular growth is highly dependent on sustained production of lipids. Sterol composition of cellular membranes determines multiple biochemical and biophysical properties of membrane-based processes including vesicle traffic, receptor signaling, and assembly of protein complexes. Lipid biogenesis has become an attractive biochemical target in cancer given the high level of dependency on sterols and lipids in a cancer cell. This review summarized the current knowledge of mechanisms of interaction between the metabolism of sterols and receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Gorin
- Program in Developmental Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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187
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Ueda M. Chemical Biology of Natural Products on the Basis of Identification of Target Proteins. CHEM LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2012.658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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188
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Probing the structural requirements for vitamin D3 inhibition of the hedgehog signaling pathway. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4859-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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189
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Li W, Song R, Fang X, Wang L, Chen W, Tang P, Yu B, Sun Y, Xu Q. SBF-1, a synthetic steroidal glycoside, inhibits melanoma growth and metastasis through blocking interaction between PDK1 and AKT3. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:172-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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190
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Waugh MG. Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and cancer. Cancer Lett 2012; 325:125-31. [PMID: 22750097 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This article focuses on the emerging roles for phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and the phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases in cancer. Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate is a common substrate for both the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and phospholipase C pathways, and has been implicated in the membrane targeting of proteins such as Girdin/GIV and OSBP. Alterations to phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase expression levels can modulate MAP kinase and Akt signalling, and are important for chemoresistance, tumour angiogenesis and the suppression of apoptosis and metastases. Recent improvements in high-throughput screening assays, and the discoveries that some anti-viral molecules are isoform selective phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase inhibitors have advanced the drugability of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G Waugh
- UCL Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom.
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191
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Pettit GR, Moser BR, Mendonça RF, Knight JC, Hogan F. The cephalostatins. 22. synthesis of bis-steroidal pyrazine pyrones (1). JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:1063-9. [PMID: 22607450 PMCID: PMC3409868 DOI: 10.1021/np300069z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cephalostatin 1 (1), a remarkably strong cancer cell growth inhibitory trisdecacyclic, bis-steroidal pyrazine isolated from the marine tube worm Cephalodiscus gilchristi, continues to be an important target for practical total syntheses and a model for the discovery of less complex structural modifications with promising antineoplastic activity. In the present study, the cephalostatin E and F rings were greatly simplified by replacement at C-17 with an α-pyrone (in 12), typical of the steroidal bufodienolides, and by a dihydro-γ-pyrone (in 16). The synthesis of pyrazine 12 from 5α-dihydrotestosterone (nine steps, 8% overall yield) provided the first route to a bis-bufadienolide pyrazine. Dihydro-γ-pyrone 16 was synthesized in eight steps from ketone 13. While only insignificant cancer cell growth inhibitory activity was found for pyrones 12 and 16, the results provided further support for the necessity of more closely approximating the natural D-F ring system of cephalostatin 1 in order to obtain potent antineoplastic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R Pettit
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA.
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192
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Olkkonen VM, Zhou Y, Yan D, Vihervaara T. Oxysterol-binding proteins-emerging roles in cell regulation. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201200044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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193
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Beh CT, McMaster CR, Kozminski KG, Menon AK. A detour for yeast oxysterol binding proteins. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:11481-8. [PMID: 22334669 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r111.338400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxysterol binding protein-related proteins, including the yeast proteins encoded by the OSH gene family (OSH1-OSH7), are implicated in the non-vesicular transfer of sterols between intracellular membranes and the plasma membrane. In light of recent studies, we revisited the proposal that Osh proteins are sterol transfer proteins and present new models consistent with known Osh protein functions. These models focus on the role of Osh proteins as sterol-dependent regulators of phosphoinositide and sphingolipid pathways. In contrast to their posited role as non-vesicular sterol transfer proteins, we propose that Osh proteins coordinate lipid signaling and membrane reorganization with the assembly of tethering complexes to promote molecular exchanges at membrane contact sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Beh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
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194
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Cheun Y, Koag MC, Kou Y, Warnken Z, Lee S. Transetherification-mediated E-ring opening and stereoselective "Red-Ox" modification of furostan. Steroids 2012; 77:276-81. [PMID: 22198526 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a novel E-ring opening method for furostan, and applied it to prepare D-ring modified steroids, which can be used to synthesize cephalostatin analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Cheun
- The Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
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195
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Schirle M, Bantscheff M, Kuster B. Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics in Preclinical Drug Discovery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 19:72-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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196
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Topczewski JJ, Callahan MP, Kodet JG, Inbarasu JD, Mente NR, Beutler JA, Wiemer DF. Relevance of the C-5 position to schweinfurthin induced cytotoxicity. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:7570-81. [PMID: 22055715 PMCID: PMC3232010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The schweinfurthins are an intriguing group of anti-proliferative agents that display low nanomolar activities against several cell types, including the human-derived glioblastoma cell line SF-295, but have little impact on other cell lines even at micromolar concentrations. This activity has inspired the synthesis of seven of the natural schweinfurthins, all with the correct absolute stereochemistry, and a variety of analogues designed to probe different facets of the pharmacophore. Reported herein is the synthesis of several new schweinfurthin analogues varied at the C-5 position along with data on their biological activity in the NCI 60 cell-line assay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John G. Kodet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1294, USA
| | - Jery D. Inbarasu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1294, USA
| | - Nolan R. Mente
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1294, USA
| | - John A. Beutler
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - David F. Wiemer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1294, USA
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197
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Kumar KA, La Clair JJ, Fuchs PL. Synthesis and evaluation of a fluorescent ritterazine-cephalostatin hybrid. Org Lett 2011; 13:5334-7. [PMID: 21913733 PMCID: PMC3264888 DOI: 10.1021/ol202139z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cephalostatin and ritterazine natural products comprise a potent family of bis-steroidal pyrazines that display potent single-digit nanomolar inhibition of tumor cell growth. An active fluorescent ritterazine-cephalostatin hybrid probe was developed using detailed SAR data derived through total synthetic efforts. A combination of time course and confocal imaging studies indicate that this natural product family is rapidly taken up in tumor cells and localizes subcellularly within ER and surrounding the nuclear-ER interface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James J. La Clair
- Xenobe Research Institute, P. O. Box 3052, San Diego, CA 92163-1052, USA
| | - Philip L. Fuchs
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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