151
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Tiaz G, Ghafoor F, Nazmitdinov R, Shahalyev E. Interplay between electromagnetically induced transparency and Autler-Townes effect in fivelevel atomic systems. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201920403013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyse the evolution of a weak probe optical field propagation through a five-level atomic medium cyclically driven by two strong optical and microwave fields. It is shown that the competition between the electromagnetically induced transparency and the Autler-Townes effect can be controlled by altering the relative phase of the coupling fields in the presence of the atomic dephasing reservoir.
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152
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Jiang J, Zhu L, Dong L, Liang S, Yuan J, Zhang W, Qian J, Shu J, Jiang L, Li X. Multiband bonding/anti-boding interaction and selective electric field confinement in the complementary metamaterial. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:6065-6068. [PMID: 30548005 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.006065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the experimental and theoretical study on the complementary planar metamaterial with asymmetrical air nanorods. Three high-quality samples are fabricated by the focused ion beam technique. Multi-band Fano-like resonances and selective electric field confinement in the visible-near infrared range are presented and well explained by the bonding/anti-boding and coupled mode theories of plasmonic resonators.
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153
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Hwang JS, Kim YJ, Yoo YJ, Kim KW, Rhee JY, Chen LY, Li SR, Guo XW, Lee YP. Tunable quad-band transmission response, based on single-layer metamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:31607-31616. [PMID: 30650744 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.031607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like effects in planar metamaterials (MMs) at microwave (GHz) frequencies. The specific MMs that were used in this study consist of cut-wire resonator/ring resonator, which achieved the dual EIT-like effects in a single-layer through the bright- and quasi-dark-mode coupling and the lattice mode coupling. In addition, by varying the distance between the two resonators, the quad-band EIT spectral response in the microwave region was obtained, and the group refractive index at the EIT-like resonance of proposed design reached up to 4,000. This study provides the design approach to the multispectral EIT-like effects and might suggest potential applications in a variety of fields, for example, low-loss slow-light device, multiple switching sensor, and other sensing devices.
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154
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Dual-Band Unidirectional Reflectionless Propagation in Metamaterial Based on Two Circular-Hole Resonators. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11122353. [PMID: 30469539 PMCID: PMC6317004 DOI: 10.3390/ma11122353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dual-band unidirectional reflectionless propagation at two exceptional points is investigated in metamaterial, which is composed of only two gold resonators with circular holes, by simply manipulating the angle of incident wave and distance between two resonators. Furthermore, the dual-band unidirectional reflectionless propagation can be realized in the wide ranges of incident angle from 0∘ to 50∘ and distance from 255 nm to 355 nm between two resonators. In addition, our scheme is insensitive to polarization of incident wave due to the circular-hole structure of the resonators.
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155
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Tang PR, Li J, Du LH, Liu Q, Peng QX, Zhao JH, Zhu B, Li ZR, Zhu LG. Ultrasensitive specific terahertz sensor based on tunable plasmon induced transparency of a graphene micro-ribbon array structure. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:30655-30666. [PMID: 30469959 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.030655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We proposed an ultrasensitive specific terahertz sensor consisting of two sets of graphene micro-ribbon with different widths. The interference between the plasmon resonances of the wide and narrow graphene micro-ribbons gives rise to the plasmon induced transparency (PIT) effect and enables ultrasensitive sensing in terahertz region. The performances of the PIT sensor have been analyzed in detail considering the thickness and refractive index sensing applications using full wave electromagnetic simulations. Taking advantage of the electrical tunability of graphene's Fermi level, we demonstrated the specific sensing of benzoic acid with detection limit smaller than 6.35 µg/cm2. The combination of specific identification and enhanced sensitivity of the PIT sensor opens exciting prospects for bio/chemical molecules sensing in the terahertz region.
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156
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Ling Y, Huang L, Hong W, Liu T, Luan J, Liu W, Lai J, Li H. Polarization-controlled dynamically switchable plasmon-induced transparency in plasmonic metamaterial. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:19517-19523. [PMID: 30320322 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03564d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dynamical manipulation of plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) in metamaterials promises numerous potential applications; however, previously reported approaches require complex metamaterial structures or an external stimulus, and dynamic control is limited to a single PIT transparency window. We propose here a metamaterial with a simple structure to realize a dynamically controllable PIT effect. Simply by changing the polarization direction of incident light, the number of PIT transparency windows can be increased from 1 to 2, accompanied by a tunable amplitude and a switchable resonance-wavelength. Moreover, a coupled three-level plasmonic system is employed to explain the underlying mechanism and near-field coupling between the horizontal and vertical gold bars, and the analytical results show good consistency with the numerical calculations. This work provides a simple approach for designing compact and tunable PIT devices and has potential applications in selective filtering, plasmonic switching and optical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Ling
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430074, China.
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157
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Dual-Band Perfect Metamaterial Absorber Based on an Asymmetric H-Shaped Structure for Terahertz Waves. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11112193. [PMID: 30404174 PMCID: PMC6266884 DOI: 10.3390/ma11112193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We designed an ultra-thin dual-band metamaterial absorber by adjusting the side strips’ length of an H-shaped unit cell in the opposite direction to break the structural symmetry. The dual absorption peaks approximately 99.95% and 99.91% near the central resonance frequency of 4.72 THz and 5.0 THz were obtained, respectively. Meanwhile, a plasmon-induced transmission (PIT) like reflection window appears between the two absorption frequencies. In addition to theoretical explanations qualitatively, a multi-reflection interference theory is also investigated to prove the simulation results quantitatively. This work provides a way to obtain perfect dual-band absorption through an asymmetric metamaterial structure, and it may achieve potential applications in a variety of fields including filters, sensors, and some other functional metamaterial devices.
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158
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Ren J, Wang G, Qiu W, Chen H, Qiu P, Kan Q, Pan JQ. A flexible control on electromagnetic behaviors of graphene oligomer by tuning chemical potential. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:349. [PMID: 30392036 PMCID: PMC6215537 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2762-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate that the electromagnetic properties of graphene oligomer can be drastically modified by locally modifications of the chemical potentials. The chemical potential variations of different positions in graphene oligomer have different impacts on both extinction spectra and electromagnetic fields. The flexible tailoring of the localizations of the electromagnetic fields can be achieved by precisely adjusting the chemical potentials of the graphene nanodisks at corresponding positions. The proposed nanostructures in this work lead to the practical applications of graphene-based plasmonic devices such as nanosensing, light trapping and photodetection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Ren
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021 China
| | - Guangqing Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021 China
| | - Weibin Qiu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021 China
| | - Houbo Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021 China
| | - Pingping Qiu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021 China
| | - Qiang Kan
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100086 China
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100086 China
| | - Jiao-Qing Pan
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100086 China
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100086 China
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159
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Wang Y, Tao M, Pei Z, Yu X, Wang B, Jiang J, He X. Tunable bandwidth of double electromagnetic induced transparency windows in terahertz graphene metamaterial. RSC Adv 2018; 8:37057-37063. [PMID: 35557777 PMCID: PMC9088969 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06008h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
By patterning graphene on a SiO2/Si substrate, in this paper, we design and numerically investigate double electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) windows in a terahertz metamaterial based on a π-like graphene structure. The surface current distributions reveal that the double EIT windows arise from the destructive interferences caused by different asymmetric coupling modes. Moreover, the bandwidth of two transparency windows can be actively controlled by changing the asymmetric coupling strength. By shifting the Fermi energy of graphene, more interestingly, the bandwidth and frequency modulation depths of the two transparency windows is 38.4% and 36% respectively, and the associated group delay and delay bandwidth product (DBP) can also be actively tuned. Therefore, such EIT-like graphene metamaterials are promising candidates for designing slow-light devices and wide-band filters. By patterning graphene on a SiO2/Si substrate, in this paper, we design and numerically investigate double electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) windows in a terahertz metamaterial based on a π-like graphene structure.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- School of Science, Harbin University of Science and Technology No. 52 Xuefu Road, Nangang District Harbin Heilongjiang 150080 P. R. China
| | - Mengning Tao
- School of Science, Harbin University of Science and Technology No. 52 Xuefu Road, Nangang District Harbin Heilongjiang 150080 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Pei
- School of Science, Harbin University of Science and Technology No. 52 Xuefu Road, Nangang District Harbin Heilongjiang 150080 P. R. China
| | - Xuzheng Yu
- School of Science, Harbin University of Science and Technology No. 52 Xuefu Road, Nangang District Harbin Heilongjiang 150080 P. R. China
| | - Benhua Wang
- School of Science, Harbin University of Science and Technology No. 52 Xuefu Road, Nangang District Harbin Heilongjiang 150080 P. R. China
| | - Jiuxing Jiang
- School of Science, Harbin University of Science and Technology No. 52 Xuefu Road, Nangang District Harbin Heilongjiang 150080 P. R. China
| | - Xunjun He
- School of Science, Harbin University of Science and Technology No. 52 Xuefu Road, Nangang District Harbin Heilongjiang 150080 P. R. China
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160
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Floess D, Giessen H. Nonreciprocal hybrid magnetoplasmonics. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2018; 81:116401. [PMID: 30270847 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aad6a8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The Faraday effect describes the phenomenon that a magnetized material can alter the polarization state of transmitted light. Interestingly, unlike most light-matter interactions in nature, it breaks Lorentz reciprocity. This exceptional behavior is utilized for applications such as optical isolators, which are core elements in communication and laser systems. While there is high demand for sub-micron nonreciprocal photonic devices, the realization of such systems is extremely challenging as conventional magneto-optic materials only provide weak magneto-optic response within small volumes. Plasmonics could be a key to overcome this hurdle in the future: over the last years there have been several lines of work demonstrating that different types of metallic nanostrutures can be utilized to greatly enhance the magneto-optic response of conventional materials. In this review we give an overview over the state of the art in the field and highlight recent developments on hybrid plasmonic Faraday rotators. Our discussions are mainly focused on the visible and near-infrared wavelength regions and cover both experimental realizations as well as analytical descriptions. Special attention will be paid to recent developments on hybrid plasmonic thin film systems consisting of gold and europium chalcogenides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Floess
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
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161
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Zhang XY, Han D, Ma N, Gao R, Zhu A, Guo S, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yang J, Chen L. Carrier Density-Dependent Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance and Charge Transfer Observed by Controllable Semiconductor Content. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6047-6051. [PMID: 30188128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We discuss how the controllable carrier influences the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and charge transfer (CT) in the same system based on ultraviolet-visible and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements. The LSPR can be easily tuned from 580 to 743 nm by changing the sputtering power of Cu2S in the Ag and Cu2S composite substrate. During this process, surprisingly, we find that the LSPR is proportional to the sputtering power of Cu2S. This observation indicates that LSPR can be accurately adjusted by changing the content of the semiconductor, or even the carrier density. Moreover, we characterize the carrier density through the detection of the Hall effect to analyze the Raman shift caused by CT and obtain the relationships between them. These fundamental discussions provide a guideline for tunable LSPR and the investigation of CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yuan Zhang
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033 , PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , PR China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education , Jilin Normal University , Changchun 130103 , PR China
| | - Donglai Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , PR China
| | - Ning Ma
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education , Jilin Normal University , Changchun 130103 , PR China
| | - Renxian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education , Jilin Normal University , Changchun 130103 , PR China
| | - Aonan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education , Jilin Normal University , Changchun 130103 , PR China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education , Jilin Normal University , Changchun 130103 , PR China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education , Jilin Normal University , Changchun 130103 , PR China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education , Jilin Normal University , Changchun 130103 , PR China
| | - Jinghai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education , Jilin Normal University , Changchun 130103 , PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education , Jilin Normal University , Changchun 130103 , PR China
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162
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Huang X, He W, Yang F, Ran J, Gao B, Zhang WL. Polarization-independent and angle-insensitive broadband absorber with a target-patterned graphene layer in the terahertz regime. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:25558-25566. [PMID: 30469656 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.025558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We propose a broadband tunable metamaterial absorber with near-unity absorption in the terahertz regime based on a target-patterned graphene sheet. Due to gradient diameter modulation of the graphene sheet and circular symmetry of the unit cell, broadband and polarization-independent properties are achieved in the absorber. A full-wave numerical simulation is performed, and the results show that the absorber's bandwidth of 90% terahertz absorption reaches 1.57 THz with a central frequency of 1.83 THz under normal incidence. At oblique incidence, the broadband absorption of the absorber remains more than 75% over a wide incidence angles up to 60°for the transverse electric (TE) mode and 75°for the transverse magnetic (TM) mode. Furthermore, tunable property is implemented and the peak absorption of the absorber can be tuned from 19% to near 100% by changing the Fermi energy of the graphene sheet from 0 to 0.9 eV via electrostatic doping. The absorber is scalable to the infrared and visible frequencies, which could be used as tunable sensors, filters and photovoltaic devices.
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163
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Muller EA, Pollard B, Bechtel HA, Adato R, Etezadi D, Altug H, Raschke MB. Nanoimaging and Control of Molecular Vibrations through Electromagnetically Induced Scattering Reaching the Strong Coupling Regime. ACS PHOTONICS 2018; 5:3594-3600. [PMID: 30828589 PMCID: PMC6390704 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.8b00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Optical resonators can enhance light-matter interaction, modify intrinsic molecular properties such as radiative emission rates, and create new molecule-photon hybrid quantum states. To date, corresponding implementations are based on electronic transitions in the visible spectral region with large transition dipoles yet hampered by fast femtosecond electronic dephasing. In contrast, coupling molecular vibrations with their weaker dipoles to infrared optical resonators has been less explored, despite long-lived coherences with 2 orders of magnitude longer dephasing times. Here, we achieve excitation of molecular vibrations through configurable optical interactions of a nanotip with an infrared resonant nanowire that supports tunable bright and nonradiative dark modes. The resulting antenna-vibrational coupling up to 47 ± 5 cm-1 exceeds the intrinsic dephasing rate of the molecular vibration, leading to hybridization and mode splitting. We observe nanotip-induced quantum interference of vibrational excitation pathways in spectroscopic nanoimaging, which we model classically as plasmonic electromagnetically induced scattering as the phase-controlled extension of the classical analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption. Our results present a new regime of IR spectroscopy for applications of vibrational coherence from quantum computing to optical control of chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Muller
- Department
of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Benjamin Pollard
- Department
of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Hans A. Bechtel
- Advanced
Light Source Division, Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ronen Adato
- Departments
of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Dordaneh Etezadi
- Institute
of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hatice Altug
- Institute
of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Markus B. Raschke
- Department
of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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164
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Ai Q, Gui L, Paone D, Metzger B, Mayer M, Weber K, Fery A, Giessen H. Ultranarrow Second-Harmonic Resonances in Hybrid Plasmon-Fiber Cavities. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:5576-5582. [PMID: 30075631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate second-harmonic generation with ultranarrow resonances in hybrid plasmon-fiber cavities, formed by depositing single-crystalline gold nanorods onto the surface of tapered microfibers with diameters in the range of 1.7-1.8 μm. The localized surface plasmon mode of the single gold nanorod efficiently couples with a whispering gallery mode of the fiber, resulting in a very narrow hybrid plasmon-fiber resonance with a high quality factor Q of up to 250. When illuminated with a tunable 100 fs laser, a sharp SHG peak narrower than half of the spectral width of the impinging laser emerges, superimposed on a broad multiphoton photoluminescence background. The enhancement of the SHG peak of the hybrid system is typically 1000-fold when compared to that of a single gold nanorod alone. Tuning the laser over the hybrid resonance enables second-harmonic spectroscopy and yields an ultranarrow line width as small as 6.4 nm. We determine the second-harmonic signal to rise with the square of the laser power, while the multiphoton photoluminescence background rises with powers between 4 and 6, indicating a very efficient higher-order process. A coupled anharmonic oscillator model is able to describe the linear as well as second-harmonic resonances very well. Our work will open the door to the simultaneous utilization of narrow whispering gallery resonances together with high plasmonic near-field enhancement and should allow for nonlinear sensing and extremely efficient nonlinear light generation from ultrasmall volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ai
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE , University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 57 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Lili Gui
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE , University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 57 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Domenico Paone
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE , University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 57 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Bernd Metzger
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE , University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 57 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Martin Mayer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics , Leibniz-Institut für Polymer Forschung Dresden e.V. (IPF) , Hohe Strasse 6 , 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Ksenia Weber
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE , University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 57 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Andreas Fery
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics , Leibniz-Institut für Polymer Forschung Dresden e.V. (IPF) , Hohe Strasse 6 , 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Harald Giessen
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE , University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 57 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
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165
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Modifications of the optical properties of quantum dots on liposome encapsulation for applications in theranostic liposomes. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-018-0841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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166
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Le TT. Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) Like Transmission Based on 3 × 3 Cascaded Multimode Interference Resonators. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9080417. [PMID: 30424350 PMCID: PMC6211141 DOI: 10.3390/mi9080417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We propose a method for generating the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) like-transmission by using microring resonator based on cascaded 3 × 3 multimode interference (MMI) structures. Based on the Fano resonance unit created from a 3 × 3 MMI coupler with a feedback waveguide, two schemes of two coupled Fano resonator unit (FRU) are investigated to generate the EIT like transmission. The theoretical and numerical analysis based on the coupled mode theory and transfer matrix is used for the designs. Our proposed structure has advantages of compactness and ease of fabrication. We use silicon waveguide for the design of the whole device so it is compatible with the existing Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) circuitry foundry. The fabrication tolerance and design parameters are also investigated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung-Thanh Le
- International School (VNU-IS), Vietnam National University (VNU), Hanoi 1000, Vietnam.
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167
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Lee S, Park Y, Kim J, Roh YG, Park QH. Selective bright and dark mode excitation in coupled nanoantennas. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:21537-21545. [PMID: 30130860 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.021537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Coupled nanoantennas as metamaterial unit elements possess peculiar spectral and radiational behaviors. We show that nanoantennas made of two identical plasmonic slot resonators can greatly enhance the quality factors of resonance spectra and control radiation patterns through the selective excitation of bright and dark coupled modes. We confirm experimentally the enhanced quality factor of a bright mode in coupled nanoantennas. Adding phase modulators to the coupled microwave antennas, we demonstrate the "dark mode only" excitation of coupled microwave antennas with an incident plane wave. We also show that the bright-to-dark mode conversion and the related changes in radiation patterns can be controlled by the polarization of incident waves. In particular, we achieve leftward or rightward uni-directional radiation upon the injection of left or right circularly polarized waves.
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168
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Bochkova E, Han S, de Lustrac A, Singh R, Burokur SN, Lupu A. High-Q Fano resonances via direct excitation of an antisymmetric dark mode. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:3818-3821. [PMID: 30106891 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.003818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The engineering of metal-insulator-metal metasurfaces (MSs) displaying sharp spectral features based on Fano-type interference between a symmetric bright mode and an antisymmetric dark mode is reported. The proposed mechanism for direct excitation of antisymmetric mode avoids the necessity of mode hybridization through near-field coupling. Modeling and experimental results bring evidence that such MSs operating in the microwave or terahertz domains provide greater flexibility for Fano resonance engineering and provide strong enhancement of the spectral selectivity factor. It is shown that the occurring Fano resonance interference is related to the broken eigenmode orthogonality in open systems and is independent of hybridization mechanism.
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169
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Lee J, Jo SD, Chung H, Um W, Chandrasekar R, Choi YH, Shalaev VM, Won YY. Laser-Induced CO 2 Generation from Gold Nanorod-Containing Poly(propylene carbonate)-Based Block Polymer Micelles for Ultrasound Contrast Enhancement. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:26084-26098. [PMID: 30011366 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) decomposes at high temperature to release CO2. This CO2-generation temperature of PPC can be reduced down to less than 80 °C with the aid of a photoacid generator (PAG). In the present work, we demonstrate that using an additional helper component, surface plasmonic gold nanorods (GNRs), the PPC degradation reaction can also be initiated by infrared (IR) irradiation. For this purpose, a PPC-containing nanoparticle formulation was developed in which PPC-based amphiphilic block copolymers (BCPs), poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate- b-propylene carbonate- b-poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (PPEGMA-PPC-PPEGMA), were self-assembled with GNRs and PAG molecules via solvent exchange. Under IR irradiation, GNRs produce heat that can cause PPC to decompose into CO2, and PAG (after UV pretreatment) catalyzes this PPC degradation process. Two PPEGMA-PPC-PPEGMA materials were used for this study: PPEGMA7.3K-PPC5.6K-PPEGMA7.3K ("G7C6G7") and PPEGMA2.1K-PPC5.6K-PPEGMA2.1K ("G2C6G2"). Addition of CTAB-coated GNRs dispersed in water to a G2C6G2 solution in DMF produced individually G2C6G2-encapsulated GNRs, whereas the same solvent exchange procedure resulted in the formation of polymer-coated GNR clusters when G7C6G7 was used as the encapsulating material. GNR/G2C6G2 NPs exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at 697 nm. The clustered morphology of G7C6G7-encapsulated GNRs caused a blue shift of the absorbance maximum to 511 nm. As a consequence, GNR/G2C6G2 NPs showed a greater absorbance/heat generation rate under IR irradiation than did GNR/G7C6G7 NPs. The IR-induced CO2 generation rate was about 4.2 times higher with the GNR/G2C6G2+PAG sample than that with the GNR/G7C6G7+PAG sample. Both GNR/G7C6G7+PAG and GNR/G2C6G2+PAG systems produced ultrasound contrast enhancement effects under continuous exposure to IR light for >20 min; contrast enhancement was more spatially uniform for the GNR/G2C6G2+PAG sample. These results support the potential utility of PPC as a CO2-generating contrast agent in ultrasound imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Sung Duk Jo
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul 02792 , South Korea
| | - Haejun Chung
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Wooram Um
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul 02792 , South Korea
| | - Rohith Chandrasekar
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Yun Hwa Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Vladimir M Shalaev
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - You-Yeon Won
- School of Chemical Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul 02792 , South Korea
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
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170
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Qin C, Liu Q, Wang B, Lu P. Photonic Weyl phase transition in dynamically modulated brick-wall waveguide arrays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:20929-20943. [PMID: 30119400 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.020929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the topological phase transition between Type-I and Type-II Weyl points (WPs) in a composite three-dimensional lattice composed of a two-dimensional brick-wall waveguide array and a synthetic frequency dimension created by dynamic modulation. By imposing different modulation amplitudes and phases in the two sublattices, we can break either parity or time-reversal symmetry and realize the phase transition between Type-I and Type-II WPs. As the array is truncated to have two edges, two Fermi-arc surface states will emerge, which propagate in opposite directions for Type-I WPs while in same directions for Type-II WPs, accompanied by bidirectional and unidirectional frequency shifts for the optical modes. Particularly at the phase transition point, we find that one of two bands becomes flat with a vanished group velocity along frequency axis in the vicinity of WPs. The study paves a way towards realizing different topological phases in the same photonic structure, which offers new opportunities to control wave transportation both in spatial and frequency domains.
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171
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Mie-coupled bound guided states in nanowire geometric superlattices. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2781. [PMID: 30018361 PMCID: PMC6050327 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
All-optical operation holds promise as the future of computing technology, and key components include miniaturized waveguides (WGs) and couplers that control narrow bandwidths. Nanowires (NWs) offer an ideal platform for nanoscale WGs, but their utility has been limited by the lack of a comprehensive coupling scheme with band selectivity. Here, we introduce a NW geometric superlattice (GSL) that allows narrow-band guiding in Si NWs through coupling of a Mie resonance with a bound-guided state (BGS). Periodic diameter modulation creates a Mie-BGS-coupled excitation that manifests as a scattering dark state with a pronounced scattering dip in the Mie resonance. The frequency of the coupled mode, tunable from the visible to near-infrared, is determined by the pitch of the GSL. Using a combined GSL-WG system, we demonstrate spectrally selective guiding and optical switching and sensing at telecommunication wavelengths, highlighting the potential to use NW GSLs for the design of on-chip optical components. The utility of nanowires for all-optical operation has been limited by a lack of coupling scheme with band selectivity. Here, the authors introduce a nanowire geometric superlattice that allows controlled, narrow-band guiding in silicon nanowires through direct coupling of a Mie resonance with a bound guided state.
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172
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Kelly C, Tullius R, Lapthorn AJ, Gadegaard N, Cooke G, Barron LD, Karimullah AS, Rotello VM, Kadodwala M. Chiral Plasmonic Fields Probe Structural Order of Biointerfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:8509-8517. [PMID: 29909628 PMCID: PMC6070957 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
structural order of biopolymers, such as proteins, at interfaces
defines the physical and chemical interactions of biological systems
with their surroundings and is hence a critical parameter in a range
of biological problems. Known spectroscopic methods for routine rapid
monitoring of structural order in biolayers are generally only applied
to model single-component systems that possess a spectral fingerprint
which is highly sensitive to orientation. This spectroscopic behavior
is not a generic property and may require the addition of a label.
Importantly, such techniques cannot readily be applied to real multicomponent
biolayers, have ill-defined or unknown compositions, and have complex
spectroscopic signatures with many overlapping bands. Here, we demonstrate
the sensitivity of plasmonic fields with enhanced chirality, a property
referred to as superchirality, to global orientational order within
both simple model and “real” complex protein layers.
The sensitivity to structural order is derived from the capability
of superchiral fields to detect the anisotropic nature of electric
dipole–magnetic dipole response of the layer; this is validated
by numerical simulations. As a model study, the evolution of orientational
order with increasing surface density in layers of the antibody immunoglobulin
G was monitored. As an exemplar of greater complexity, superchiral
fields are demonstrated, without knowledge of exact composition, to
be able to monitor how qualitative changes in composition alter the
structural order of protein layers formed from blood serum, thereby
establishing the efficacy of the phenomenon as a tool for studying
complex biological interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Kelly
- School of Chemistry , Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ , United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Tullius
- School of Chemistry , Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ , United Kingdom
| | - Adrian J Lapthorn
- School of Chemistry , Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ , United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaj Gadegaard
- School of Engineering , Rankine Building, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8LT , United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Cooke
- School of Chemistry , Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ , United Kingdom
| | - Laurence D Barron
- School of Chemistry , Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ , United Kingdom
| | - Affar S Karimullah
- School of Chemistry , Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ , United Kingdom.,School of Engineering , Rankine Building, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8LT , United Kingdom
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts , 710 N. Pleasant Street , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Malcolm Kadodwala
- School of Chemistry , Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ , United Kingdom
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173
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Simoncelli S, Li Y, Cortés E, Maier SA. Imaging Plasmon Hybridization of Fano Resonances via Hot-Electron-Mediated Absorption Mapping. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:3400-3406. [PMID: 29715431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of radiative losses in dark plasmon modes allows storing electromagnetic energy more efficiently than in far-field excitable bright-plasmon modes. As such, processes benefiting from the enhanced absorption of light in plasmonic materials could also take profit of dark plasmon modes to boost and control nanoscale energy collection, storage, and transfer. We experimentally probe this process by imaging with nanoscale precision the hot-electron driven desorption of thiolated molecules from the surface of gold Fano nanostructures, investigating the effect of wavelength and polarization of the incident light. Spatially resolved absorption maps allow us to show the contribution of each element of the nanoantenna in the hot-electron driven process and their interplay in exciting a dark plasmon mode. Plasmon-mode engineering allows control of nanoscale reactivity and offers a route to further enhance and manipulate hot-electron driven chemical reactions and energy-conversion and transfer at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Simoncelli
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
- Department of Physics and Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics , King's College London , London SE1 1UL , United Kingdom
| | - Yi Li
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Emiliano Cortés
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Stefan A Maier
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , 80799 München , Germany
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174
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Bi-anisotropic Fano resonance in three-dimensional metamaterials. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9012. [PMID: 29899415 PMCID: PMC5998078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27404-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We experimentally investigated the bi-anisotropic properties of Fano resonance in three-dimensional (3D) metamaterials. Fano resonance in 3D metamaterials arises from the interference of in-phase and anti-phase modes that originate from mode hybridization in coupled 3D split ring resonators (SRRs) with detuned resonant wavelengths. At Fano resonance, not only permittivity and permeability but also the bi-anisotropic parameter show doubly dispersive response. Manipulation of the bi-anisotropic response at Fano resonance was demonstrated through controlling the inversion symmetry of the 3D-SRRs. Improvement of inversion symmetry due to rotation of 3D-SRRs results in enhancement of magnetic response and inhibition of electric and bi-anisotropy responses at Fano resonance. Negligible electric and bi-anisotropic responses at Fano resonance were achieved due to the small radiative nature of the anti-phase mode. This bi-anisotropic Fano metamaterials with rich and tunable bi-anisotropy will extend the capabilities of new optical phenomena and broaden the applications of bi-anisotropic metamaterials.
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175
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Huang Z, Yao K, Su G, Ma W, Li L, Liu Y, Zhan P, Wang Z. Graphene-metal hybrid metamaterials for strong and tunable circular dichroism generation. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:2636-2639. [PMID: 29856381 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.002636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A strong and dynamically controlled circular dichroism (CD) effect has aroused great attention due to its desirable applications in modern chemistry and life sciences. In this Letter, we propose a graphene-metal hybrid chiral metamaterial to generate mid-infrared CD with an intensity of more than 10%, which can be actively controlled over a wide wavelength range. In addition to the strong tunability, the CD signal intensity of our nanostructure is drastically larger than that of the purely graphene-based chiroptical nanostructures. Our design offers a new strategy for developing tunable chiral metadevices, which could be used in various applications, such as biochemical detection and information processing.
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176
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Mesch M, Weiss T, Schäferling M, Hentschel M, Hegde RS, Giessen H. Highly Sensitive Refractive Index Sensors with Plasmonic Nanoantennas-Utilization of Optimal Spectral Detuning of Fano Resonances. ACS Sens 2018; 3:960-966. [PMID: 29708330 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We analyze and optimize the performance of coupled plasmonic nanoantennas for refractive index sensing. The investigated structure supports a sub- and super-radiant mode that originates from the weak coupling of a dipolar and quadrupolar mode, resulting in a Fano-type spectral line shape. In our study, we vary the near-field coupling of the two modes and particularly examine the influence of the spectral detuning between them on the sensing performance. Surprisingly, the case of matched resonance frequencies does not provide the best sensor. Instead, we find that the right amount of coupling strength and spectral detuning allows for achieving the ideal combination of narrow line width and sufficient excitation strength of the subradiant mode, and therefore results in optimized sensor performance. Our findings are confirmed by experimental results and first-order perturbation theory. The latter is based on the resonant state expansion and provides direct access to resonance frequency shifts and line width changes as well as the excitation strength of the modes. Based on these parameters, we define a figure of merit that can be easily calculated for different sensing geometries and agrees well with the numerical and experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mesch
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas Weiss
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Schäferling
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mario Hentschel
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ravi S. Hegde
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India
- Department of Electronics and Photonics, Institute of High Performance Computing, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis North, Singapore 138632
| | - Harald Giessen
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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177
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Gandman A, Mackin RT, Cohn B, Rubtsov IV, Chuntonov L. Radiative Enhancement of Linear and Third-Order Vibrational Excitations by an Array of Infrared Plasmonic Antennas. ACS NANO 2018; 12:4521-4528. [PMID: 29727565 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Infrared gold antennas localize enhanced near fields close to the metal surface, when excited at the frequency of their plasmon resonance, and amplify vibrational signals from the nearby molecules. We study the dependence of the signal enhancement on the thickness of a polymer film containing vibrational chromophores, deposited on the antenna array, using linear (FTIR) and third-order femtosecond vibrational spectroscopy (transient absorption and 2DIR). Our results show that for a film thickness beyond only a few nanometers the near-field interaction is not sufficient to account for the magnitude of the observed signal, which nevertheless has a clear Fano line shape, suggesting a radiative origin of the molecule-plasmon interaction. The mutual radiative damping of plasmonic and molecular transitions leads to the spectroscopic signal of a molecular vibrational excitation to be enhanced by up to a factor of 50 in the case of linear spectroscopy and over 2000 in the case of third-order spectroscopy. A qualitative explanation for the observed effect is given by the extended coupled oscillators model, which takes into account both near-field and radiative interactions between the plasmonic and molecular transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Gandman
- Solid State Institute , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
| | - Robert T Mackin
- Department of Chemistry , Tulane University , New Orleans , Louisiana 70118 , United States
| | - Bar Cohn
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
| | - Igor V Rubtsov
- Department of Chemistry , Tulane University , New Orleans , Louisiana 70118 , United States
| | - Lev Chuntonov
- Solid State Institute , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
- Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
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178
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Ruesink F, Doeleman HM, Verhagen E, Koenderink AF. Controlling Nanoantenna Polarizability through Backaction via a Single Cavity Mode. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:206101. [PMID: 29864352 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.206101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The polarizability α determines the absorption, extinction, and scattering by small particles. Beyond being purely set by scatterer size and material, in fact polarizability can be affected by backaction: the influence of the photonic environment on the scatterer. As such, controlling the strength of backaction provides a tool to tailor the (radiative) properties of nanoparticles. Here, we control the backaction between broadband scatterers and a single mode of a high-quality cavity. We demonstrate that backaction from a microtoroid ring resonator significantly alters the polarizability of an array of nanorods: the polarizability is renormalized as fields scattered from-and returning to-the nanorods via the ring resonator depolarize the rods. Moreover, we show that it is possible to control the strength of the backaction by exploiting the diffractive properties of the array. This perturbation of a strong scatterer by a nearby cavity has important implications for hybrid plasmonic-photonic resonators and the understanding of coupled optical resonators in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freek Ruesink
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo M Doeleman
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, PO Box 94485, 1090 GL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ewold Verhagen
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Femius Koenderink
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, PO Box 94485, 1090 GL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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179
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Zhao L, Liu H, He Z, Dong S. Theoretical design of twelve-band infrared metamaterial perfect absorber by combining the dipole, quadrupole, and octopole plasmon resonance modes of four different ring-strip resonators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:12838-12851. [PMID: 29801317 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.012838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiband metamaterial perfect absorbers (MPAs) have promising applications in many fields like microbolometers, infrared detection, biosensing, and thermal emitters. In general, the single resonator can only excite a fundamental mode and achieve single absorption band. The multiband MPA can be achieved by combining several different sized resonators together. However, it's still challenging to design the MPA with absorption bands of more than four and average absorptivity of more than 90% due to the interaction between differently sized resonators. In this paper, three absorption bands are successfully achieved with average absorptivity up to 98.5% only utilizing single one our designed ring-strip resonator, which can simultaneously excite a fundamental electric dipole mode, a higher-order electric quadrupole mode, and a higher-order electric octopole mode. As the biosensor, the sensing performance of the higher-order modes is higher than the fundamental modes. Then we try to increase the absorption bands by combining different sized ring-strip resonators together and make the average absorptivity above 90% by optimizing the geometry parameters. A six-band MPA is achieved by combining two different sized ring-strip resonators with average absorptivity up to 98.8%, which can excite two dipole modes, two quadrupole modes, and two octopole modes. A twelve-band MPA is achieved by combining four different sized ring-strip resonators with average absorptivity up to 93.7%, which can excite four dipole modes, four quadrupole modes, and four octopole modes.
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180
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Wu D, Yang L, Liu C, Xu Z, Liu Y, Yu Z, Yu L, Chen L, Ma R, Ye H. Optically Active Plasmonic Metasurfaces based on the Hybridization of In-Plane Coupling and Out-of-Plane Coupling. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:144. [PMID: 29748920 PMCID: PMC5945566 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2564-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic metasurfaces have attracted much attention in recent years owing to many promising prospects of applications such as polarization switching, local electric field enhancement (FE), near-perfect absorption, sensing, slow-light devices, and nanoantennas. However, many problems in these applications, like only gigahertz switching speeds of electro-optical switches, low-quality factor (Q) of plasmonic resonances, and relatively low figure of merit (FOM) of sensing, severely limit the further development of plasmonic metasurface. Besides, working as nanoantennas, it is also challenging to realize both local electric FE exceeding 100 and near-perfect absorption above 99%. Here, using finite element method and finite difference time domain methods respectively, we firstly report a novel optically tunable plasmonic metasurface based on the hybridization of in-plane near-field coupling and out-of-plane near-field coupling, which provides a good solution to these serious and urgent problems. A physical phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency is obtained by the destructive interference between two plasmon modes. At the same time, ultrasharp perfect absorption peaks with ultra-high Q-factor (221.43) is achieved around 1550 nm, which can lead to an ultra-high FOM (214.29) in sensing application. Particularly, by using indium-doped CdO, this metasurface is also firstly demonstrated to be a femtosecond optical reflective polarizer in near-infrared region, possessing an ultra-high polarization extinction ratio. Meanwhile, operating as nanoantennas, this metasurface achieves simultaneously strong local electric FE(|Eloc|/|E0| > 100) and a near-perfect absorption above 99.9% for the first time, which will benefit a wide range of applications including photocatalytic water splitting and surface-enhanced infrared absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Zenghui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Yumin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Zhongyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
- School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Han Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
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181
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Guo X, Hu H, Liao B, Zhu X, Yang X, Dai Q. Perfect-absorption graphene metamaterials for surface-enhanced molecular fingerprint spectroscopy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:184004. [PMID: 29457777 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Graphene plasmon with extremely strong light confinement and tunable resonance frequency represents a promising surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) sensing platform. However, plasmonic absorption is relatively weak (approximately 1%-9%) in monolayer graphene nanostructures, which would limit its sensitivity. Here, we theoretically propose a hybrid plasmon-metamaterial structure that can realize perfect absorption in graphene with a low carrier mobility of 1000 cm2 V-1 s-1. This structure combines a gold reflector and a gold grating to the graphene plasmon structures, which introduce interference effect and the lightning-rod effect, respectively, and largely enhance the coupling of light to graphene. The vibration signal of trace molecules can be enhanced up to 2000-fold at the hotspot of the perfect-absorption structure, enabling the SEIRA sensing to reach the molecular level. This hybrid metal-graphene structure provides a novel path to generate high sensitivity in nanoscale molecular recognition for numerous applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Guo
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China. Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China. State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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182
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Hwang Y, Davis TJ, Lin J, Yuan XC. Plasmonic circuit for second-order spatial differentiation at the subwavelength scale. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:7368-7375. [PMID: 29609293 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.007368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We suggest a plasmonic nanodevice for performing the second-order spatial derivative of light fields. The device consists of five gold nanorods arranged to evanescently couple to each other so that emit cross-polarized output proportional to the second-order differentiation of the incident wave. A theoretical model based on the electrostatic eigenmode analysis is derived and numerical simulations using the finite-difference time-domain methods are provided as supporting evidence. It is shown in both the analytic and numerical methods that the proposed plasmonic circuit performs second-order differentiation of the phase of the incident light field in transmission mode with a subwavelength planar resolution. The resolution of 0.29 λ-1 is numerically demonstrated for a 20 nm thick circuit at the wavelength of 700 nm. The suggested plasmonic device has potential application in miniaturized systems for all-optical computation.
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183
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Song Z, Wang K, Li J, Liu QH. Broadband tunable terahertz absorber based on vanadium dioxide metamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:7148-7154. [PMID: 29609401 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.007148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An active absorption device is proposed based on vanadium dioxide metamaterials. By controlling the conductivity of vanadium dioxide, resonant absorbers are designed to work at wide range of terahertz frequencies. Numerical results show that a broadband terahertz absorber with nearly 100% absorptance can be achieved, and its normalized bandwidth of 90% absorptance is 60% under normal incidence for both transverse-electric and transverse-magnetic polarizations when the conductivity of vanadium dioxide is equal to 2000 Ω-1cm-1. Absorptance at peak frequencies can be continuously tuned from 30% to 100% by changing the conductivity from 10 Ω-1cm-1 to 2000 Ω-1cm-1. Absorptance spectra analysis shows a clear independence of polarization and incident angle. The presented results may have tunable spectral applications in sensor, detector, and thermophotovoltaic device working at terahertz frequency bands.
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184
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Vafapour Z. Large group delay in a microwave metamaterial analog of electromagnetically induced reflectance. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2018; 35:417-422. [PMID: 29522043 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.35.000417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recently reported metamaterial (MM) analogs of electromagnetically induced reflectance (EIR) enable a unique route to endow classical optical structures with aspects of quantum optical systems. This method opens up many fascinating prospects on novel optical components, such as slow light units, highly sensitive sensors, and nonlinear devices. Here we designed and simulated a microwave MM made from aluminum thin film to mimic the EIR system. High reflectance of about 99 percent and also a large group index at the reflectance window of about 243 are demonstrated, which mainly arise from the enhanced coupling between radiative and nonradiative elements. The interaction between the elements of the unit cell, induced directly or indirectly by the incident electromagnetic wave, leads to a reflectance window, resembling the classical analog of EIR. This reflectance window, caused by the coupling of radiative-nonradiative modes, can be continuously tuned in a broad frequency regime. The strong normal phase dispersion in the vicinity of this reflectance window results in the slow light effect. This scheme provides an alternative way to achieve tunable slow light in a broad frequency band and can find important applications in active and reversibly tunable slow light devices.
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185
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Luo XQ, Li ZZ, Jing J, Xiong W, Li TF, Yu T. Spectral features of the tunneling-induced transparency and the Autler-Townes doublet and triplet in a triple quantum dot. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3107. [PMID: 29449588 PMCID: PMC5814457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the spectral features of tunneling-induced transparency (TIT) and Autler-Townes (AT) doublet and triplet in a triple-quantum-dot system. By analyzing the eigenenergy spectrum of the system Hamiltonian, we can discriminate TIT and double TIT from AT doublet and triplet, respectively. For the resonant case, the presence of the TIT does not exhibit distinguishable anticrossing in the eigenenergy spectrum in the weak-tunneling regime, while the occurrence of double anticrossings in the strong-tunneling regime shows that the TIT evolves to the AT doublet. For the off-resonance case, the appearance of a new detuning-dependent dip in the absorption spectrum leads to double TIT behavior in the weak-tunneling regime due to no distinguished anticrossing occurring in the eigenenergy spectrum. However, in the strong-tunneling regime, a new detuning-dependent dip in the absorption spectrum results in AT triplet owing to the presence of triple anticrossings in the eigenenergy spectrum. Our results can be applied to quantum measurement and quantum-optics devices in solid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Luo
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zeng-Zhao Li
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Jun Jing
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tie-Fu Li
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China. .,Institute of Microelectronics, Department of Microelectronics and Nanoelectronics and Tsinghua National Laboratory of Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Ting Yu
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China.,Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Center for Controlled Quantum Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, USA
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186
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Litt DB, Jones MR, Hentschel M, Wang Y, Yang S, Ha HD, Zhang X, Alivisatos AP. Hybrid Lithographic and DNA-Directed Assembly of a Configurable Plasmonic Metamaterial That Exhibits Electromagnetically Induced Transparency. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:859-864. [PMID: 29303595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Metamaterials are architectures that interact with light in novel ways by virtue of symmetry manipulation, and have opened a window into studying unprecedented light-matter interactions. However, they are commonly fabricated via lithographic methods, are usually static structures, and are limited in how they can react to external stimuli. Here we show that by combining lithographic techniques with DNA-based self-assembly methods, we can construct responsive plasmonic metamaterials that exhibit the plasmonic analog of an effect known as electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), which can dramatically change their spectra upon motion of their constituent parts. Correlative scanning electron microscopy measurements, scattering dark-field microscopy, and computational simulations are performed on single assemblies to determine the relationship between their structures and spectral responses to a variety of external stimuli. The strength of the EIT-like effect in these assemblies can be tuned by precisely controlling the positioning of the plasmonic nanoparticles in these structures. For example, changing the ionic environment or dehydrating the sample will change the conformation of the DNA linkers and therefore the distance between the nanoparticles. Dark-field spectra of individual assemblies show peak shifts of up to many tens of nanometers upon DNA perturbations. This dynamic metamaterial represents a stepping stone toward state-of-the-art plasmonic sensing platforms and next-generation dynamic metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Litt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Matthew R Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mario Hentschel
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sui Yang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hyun Dong Ha
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - A Paul Alivisatos
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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187
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Yang L, Wang J, Yang LZ, Hu ZD, Wu X, Zheng G. Characteristics of multiple Fano resonances in waveguide-coupled surface plasmon resonance sensors based on waveguide theory. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2560. [PMID: 29416096 PMCID: PMC5803206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20952-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We observe and analyze multiple Fano resonances and the plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) arising from waveguidecoupled surface plasmon resonance in a metal-dielectric Kretschmann configuration. It is shown that the simulation results for designed structures agree well with those of the dispersion relation of waveguide theory. We demonstrate that the coupling between the surface plasmon polariton mode and multi-order planar waveguide modes leads to multiple Fano resonances and PIT. The obtained results show that the number of Fano resonances and the linewidth of resonances depend on two structural parameters, the Parylene C and SiO2 layers, respectively. For the sensing action of Fano resonance, the figure of merit for the sensitivity by intensity is estimated to be 44 times higher than that of conventional surface plasmon resonance sensors. Our research reveals the potential advantage of sensors with high sensitivity based on coupling between the SPP mode and multi-order PWG modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- School of Science, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jicheng Wang
- School of Science, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Li-Zhi Yang
- School of Science, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zheng-Da Hu
- School of Science, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- School of IoT Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Gaige Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Detection of Atmosphere and Ocean, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
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188
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Moritake Y, Tanaka T. Impact of substrate etching on plasmonic elements and metamaterials: preventing red shift and improving refractive index sensitivity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:3674-3683. [PMID: 29401894 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.003674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose and demonstrate the elimination of substrate influence on plasmon resonance by using selective and isotropic etching of substrates. Preventing the red shift of the resonance due to substrates and improving refractive index sensitivity were experimentally demonstrated by using plasmonic nanostructures fabricated on silicon substrates. Applying substrate etching decreases the effective refractive index around the metal nanostructures, resulting in elimination of the red shift. Improvement of sensitivity to the refractive index environment was demonstrated by using plasmonic metamaterials with Fano resonance based on far field interference. Change in quality factors (Q-factors) of the Fano resonance by substrate etching was also investigated in detail. The presence of a closely positioned substrate distorts the electric field distribution and degrades the Q-factors. Substrate etching dramatically increased the refractive index sensitivity reaching to 1532 nm/RIU since the electric fields under the nanostructures became accessible through substrate etching. The FOM was improved compared to the case without the substrate etching. The method presented in this paper is applicable to a variety of plasmonic structures to eliminate the influence of substrates for realizing high performance plasmonic devices.
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189
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Amin M, Ramzan R, Siddiqui O. Slow Wave Applications of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in Microstrip Resonator. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2357. [PMID: 29403063 PMCID: PMC5799374 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20771-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a novel guided-wave resonator that supports multiple bands of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The platform for the spatial and spectral interference is obtained by a microstrip transmission line loaded with proximity-coupled open-circuited stubs. We show experimentally that with two microstrip open stubs, a complete destructive interference takes place leading to a single EIT band with near-unity transmission efficiency. More interestingly, the addition of a third stub results in a supplementary EIT band with a Q-factor of 147 and an effective group refractive index of 530. With the open-stub configuration, the EIT phase response can be dynamically controlled by varying the capacitance between the adjacent stubs without breaking the transmission path of the underlying electromagnetic waves. Therefore, the proposed structure is well suited for buffering and tunable phase modulation applications. Since the proposed structures are compact and fully planar, we anticipate seamless integration with low-profile high frequency electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Amin
- College of Engineering, Taibah University, P. O. Box 344, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashad Ramzan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, UAE University, P. O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Omar Siddiqui
- College of Engineering, Taibah University, P. O. Box 344, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
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190
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Chen H, Zhang H, Guo X, Liu S, Zhang Y. Tunable plasmon-induced transparency in H-shaped Dirac semimetal metamaterial. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:752-756. [PMID: 29400753 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.000752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a numerical and theoretical study on the realization of tunable plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) effect at terahertz frequencies in Dirac semimetal (known as "three-dimensional graphene") metamaterials. Simulations reveal that the PIT effect is generated by an electric field transferred from the central strip to side strips due to the structural symmetry breaking. The most prominent feature is that the plasmonic resonance in Dirac semimetals can be actively tuned by changing the Fermi energy and an ultrahigh group delay of about 6.81 ps is obtained in our proposed design. Our study can provide guidance for various terahertz devices in practical applications.
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191
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Vafapour Z. Slowing down light using terahertz semiconductor metamaterial for dual-band thermally tunable modulator applications. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:722-729. [PMID: 29400739 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.000722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Compared to the neighboring infrared and microwave regions, the terahertz regime is still in need of fundamental technological advances. We have designed a terahertz (THz) semiconductor metamaterial (MM) waveguide system, which exhibits a significant slow-light effect, based on a classical electromagnetically induced transparency phenomenon. The potential of MMs for THz radiation originates from a resonant electromagnetic response that can be tailored for specific applications. By appropriately adjusting the distance between the two radiative and nonradiative modes, a flat band corresponding to a nearly constant group index (of the order of 4924) in the THz regime can be achieved. Finite-difference time-domain simulations show that the incident pulse can be slowed down. The proposed device from a paucity of naturally occurring materials has useful applications in electronic or photonic properties at terahertz frequencies. This proposed compact configuration may find potential applications in plasmonic slow-light systems, optical buffers, and thermal and electromagnetic modulating applications and temperature sensors.
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192
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Flexibly tunable high-quality-factor induced transparency in plasmonic systems. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1558. [PMID: 29367609 PMCID: PMC5784153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19869-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality (Q) factor and tunability of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like effect in plasmonic systems are restrained by the intrinsic loss and weak adjustability of metals, limiting the performance of the devices including optical sensor and storage. Exploring new schemes to realize the high Q-factor and tunable EIT-like effect is particularly significant in plasmonic systems. Here, we present an ultrahigh Q-factor and flexibly tunable EIT-like response in a novel plasmonic system. The results illustrate that the induced transparency distinctly appears when surface plasmon polaritons excited on the metal satisfy the wavevector matching condition with the guided mode in the high-refractive index (HRI) layer. The Q factor of the EIT-like spectrum can exceed 2000, which is remarkable compared to that of other plasmonic systems such as plasmonic metamaterials and waveguides. The position and lineshape of EIT-like spectrum are strongly dependent on the geometrical parameters. An EIT pair is generated in the splitting absorption spectra, which can be easily controlled by adjusting the incident angle of light. Especially, we achieve the dynamical tunability of EIT-like spectrum by changing the Fermi level of graphene inserted in the system. Our results will open a new avenue toward the plasmonic sensing, spectral shaping and switching.
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193
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Anti-Hermitian photodetector facilitating efficient subwavelength photon sorting. Nat Commun 2018; 9:316. [PMID: 29358626 PMCID: PMC5778063 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02496-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to split an incident light beam into separate wavelength bands is central to a diverse set of optical applications, including imaging, biosensing, communication, photocatalysis, and photovoltaics. Entirely new opportunities are currently emerging with the recently demonstrated possibility to spectrally split light at a subwavelength scale with optical antennas. Unfortunately, such small structures offer limited spectral control and are hard to exploit in optoelectronic devices. Here, we overcome both challenges and demonstrate how within a single-layer metafilm one can laterally sort photons of different wavelengths below the free-space diffraction limit and extract a useful photocurrent. This chipscale demonstration of anti-Hermitian coupling between resonant photodetector elements also facilitates near-unity photon-sorting efficiencies, near-unity absorption, and a narrow spectral response (∼ 30 nm) for the different wavelength channels. This work opens up entirely new design paradigms for image sensors and energy harvesting systems in which the active elements both sort and detect photons.
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194
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Guo Z, Jiang H, Li Y, Chen H, Agarwal GS. Enhancement of electromagnetically induced transparency in metamaterials using long range coupling mediated by a hyperbolic material. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:627-641. [PMID: 29401945 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Near-field coupling is a fundamental physical effect, which plays an important role in the establishment of classical analog of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). However, in a normal environment the coupling length between the bright and dark artificial atoms is very short and far less than one wavelength, owing to the exponentially decaying property of near fields. In this work, we report the realization of a long range EIT, by using a hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) which can convert the near fields into high-k propagating waves to overcome the problem of weak coupling at long distance. Both simulation and experiment show that the coupling length can be enhanced by nearly two orders of magnitude with the aid of a HMM. This long range EIT might be very useful in a variety of applications including sensors, detectors, switch, long-range energy transfer, etc.
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195
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Zhu L, Zhao X, Dong L, Guo J, He XJ, Yao ZM. Polarization-independent and angle-insensitive electromagnetically induced transparent (EIT) metamaterial based on bi-air-hole dielectric resonators. RSC Adv 2018; 8:27342-27348. [PMID: 35539996 PMCID: PMC9083502 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02981d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We numerically demonstrate that an electromagnetically induced transparent (EIT) all-dielectric metamaterial with properties of polarization-independence and incident angle insensitivity can be achieved in terahertz regimes. The metamaterial cell is composed of two bi-air-hole cubes (BCs) with different sizes. The two BCs function as superradiant and subradiant resonators, respectively. Based on Mie-type destructive interferences between dielectric resonators, the EIT effect is induced at around 8.25 THz with the transmission peak close to 0.95. Moreover, the “two-particle” model is introduced to describe the EIT effect and the influence of couplings between the two BCs on the transmission spectra. Analytical results are in good agreement with numerical simulation results. Owing to the symmetry and uniformity of the metamaterial structure, polarization-independent and angle-insensitive properties can be achieved. In addition, the slow light characteristic of the metamaterial is also verified. Such an EIT scheme may have potential applications in low-loss slow light devices and bandpass filters. We numerically demonstrate that an electromagnetically induced transparent (EIT) all-dielectric metamaterial with properties of polarization-independence and incident angle insensitivity can be achieved in terahertz regimes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Communication and Electronics Engineering Institute
- Qiqihar University
- China
- College of Information and Communication Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
| | - Xin Zhao
- Communication and Electronics Engineering Institute
- Qiqihar University
- China
| | - Liang Dong
- Communication and Electronics Engineering Institute
- Qiqihar University
- China
- School of Electronic Engineering
- Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
| | - Jing Guo
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test & Measurement Laboratory
- North University of China
- China
| | - Xun Jun He
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology
- Harbin University of Science and Technology
- China
| | - Zhong Min Yao
- Communication and Electronics Engineering Institute
- Qiqihar University
- China
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196
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Tullius R, Platt GW, Khorashad LK, Gadegaard N, Lapthorn AJ, Rotello VM, Cooke G, Barron LD, Govorov AO, Karimullah AS, Kadodwala M. Superchiral Plasmonic Phase Sensitivity for Fingerprinting of Protein Interface Structure. ACS NANO 2017; 11:12049-12056. [PMID: 29220155 PMCID: PMC6034627 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The structure adopted by biomaterials, such as proteins, at interfaces is a crucial parameter in a range of important biological problems. It is a critical property in defining the functionality of cell/bacterial membranes and biofilms (i.e., in antibiotic-resistant infections) and the exploitation of immobilized enzymes in biocatalysis. The intrinsically small quantities of materials at interfaces precludes the application of conventional spectroscopic phenomena routinely used for (bio)structural analysis due to a lack of sensitivity. We show that the interaction of proteins with superchiral fields induces asymmetric changes in retardation phase effects of excited bright and dark modes of a chiral plasmonic nanostructure. Phase retardations are obtained by a simple procedure, which involves fitting the line shape of resonances in the reflectance spectra. These interference effects provide fingerprints that are an incisive probe of the structure of interfacial biomolecules. Using these fingerprints, layers composed of structurally related proteins with differing geometries can be discriminated. Thus, we demonstrate a powerful tool for the bioanalytical toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Tullius
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Geoffrey W. Platt
- Avacta Life Sciences, Ash Way, Thorp Arch Estate, Wetherby, LS23 7FA, UK
| | | | - Nikolaj Gadegaard
- School of Engineering, Rankine Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
| | - Adrian J. Lapthorn
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, 710 Nt. Pleasant Street, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Graeme Cooke
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Laurence D. Barron
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | - Affar S. Karimullah
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
- School of Engineering, Rankine Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
| | - Malcolm Kadodwala
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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197
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Tailored plasmon-induced transparency in attenuated total reflection response in a metal-insulator-metal structure. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17824. [PMID: 29259220 PMCID: PMC5736599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated tailored plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) in a metal (Au)–insulator (SiO2)–metal (Ag) (MIM) structure, where the Fano interference between the MIM waveguide mode and the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) resonance mode induced a transparency window in an otherwise opaque wavenumber (k) region. A series of structures with different thicknesses of the Ag layer were prepared and the attenuated total reflection (ATR) response was examined. The height and width of the transparency window, as well as the relevant k-domain dispersion, were controlled by adjusting the Ag layer thickness. To confirm the dependency of PIT on Ag layer thickness, we performed numerical calculations to determine the electric field amplitude inside the layers. The steep k-domain dispersion in the transparency window is capable of creating a lateral beam shift known as the Goos–Hänchen shift, for optical device and sensor applications. We also discuss the Fano interference profiles in a ω − k two-dimensional domain on the basis of Akaike information criteria.
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198
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Tanaka T, Ishikawa A. Towards three-dimensional optical metamaterials. NANO CONVERGENCE 2017; 4:34. [PMID: 29264107 PMCID: PMC5730626 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-017-0129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Metamaterials have opened up the possibility of unprecedented and fascinating concepts and applications in optics and photonics. Examples include negative refraction, perfect lenses, cloaking, perfect absorbers, and so on. Since these metamaterials are man-made materials composed of sub-wavelength structures, their development strongly depends on the advancement of micro- and nano-fabrication technologies. In particular, the realization of three-dimensional metamaterials is one of the big challenges in this research field. In this review, we describe recent progress in the fabrication technologies for three-dimensional metamaterials, as well as proposed applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuo Tanaka
- Metamaterials Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Innovative Photon Manipulation Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N21W10 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020 Japan
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midoriku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishikawa
- Metamaterials Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Innovative Photon Manipulation Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530 Japan
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199
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Huang XC, Li WB, Kong XJ, Zhu LF. Field redistribution inside an X-ray cavity-QED setup. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:31337-31346. [PMID: 29245809 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.031337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The field redistribution inside an X-ray cavity-QED setup with an embedded 57Fe layer is calculated and studied in detail. The destructive interference between two transitions from the ground state to the two upper dressed states causes that the cavity mode can not be driven. So the field intensity is very weak when the nuclear ensemble is resonant. Moreover, It is found that the resonant nuclear layer can play a role of reflective layer like a mirror and cut the size of the cavity, which will destroy the guided mode. To support this idea, we employ the 57Fe film as the bottom mirror layer of the cavity where a guided mode can only be formed at the resonant energy. Following this perspective, the electromagnetically induced transparency structure based on X-ray cavity-QED setup with nuclear ensemble is reviewed and a phenomenologically self-consistent analysis for the field redistribution is presented.
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200
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Choi CKK, Zhuo X, Chiu YTE, Yang H, Wang J, Choi CHJ. Polydopamine-based concentric nanoshells with programmable architectures and plasmonic properties. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:16968-16980. [PMID: 29077104 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05451c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanoshells, classically comprising gold as the metallic component and silica as the dielectric material, are important for fundamental studies in nanoplasmonics. They also empower a myriad of applications, including sensing, energy harvesting, and cancer therapy. Yet, laborious preparation precludes the development of next-generation nanoshells with structural complexity, compositional diversity, and tailorable plasmonic behaviors. This work presents an efficient approach to the bottom-up assembly of concentric nanoshells. By employing polydopamine as the dielectric material and exploiting its intrinsic adhesiveness and pH-tunable surface charge, the growth of each shell only takes 3-4 hours at room temperature. A series of polydopamine-based concentric nanoshells with programmable nanogap thickness, elemental composition (gold and silver), and geometrical configuration (number of layers) is prepared, followed by extensive structural characterization. Four of the silver-containing nanostructures are newly reported. Systematic investigations into the plasmonic properties of concentric nanoshells as a function of their structural parameters further reveal multiple Fano resonances and local-field "hot spots", infrequently reported plasmonic features for individual nanostructures fabricated using bottom-up wet chemistry. These results establish materials design rules for engineering complex plasmon-based systems originating from the integration of multiple plasmonic elements into defined locations within a compact nanostructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Kit K Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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