151
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Cyclin E as a potential therapeutic target in high grade serous ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2016; 143:152-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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152
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Incidence and Characteristics of Unsuspected Neoplasia Discovered in High-Risk Women Undergoing Risk Reductive Bilateral Salpingooophorectomy. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2016; 26:1415-20. [DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveRisk reducing salpingooophorectomy is recommended to women with a BReast CAncer susceptibility gene (BRCA) 1 or 2 germline mutation to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer. The incidence of unsuspected neoplasia varies in the literature. The purpose of this study was to identify the rate of unsuspected neoplasia in a high-risk Australian population, discuss their management, and assess the clinical outcome.MethodThis is a retrospective review of all women undergoing risk reductive salpingooophorectomy between January 2006 and December 2014. The medical, operative, and pathology results were reviewed. The specimens were assessed using the Sectioning and Extensively Examining the Fimbriated End protocol to the fallopian tube, and the ovary was also examined using 2 to 3 mm sectioning.ResultsDuring the study period, 138 patients underwent risk-reducing salpingooophorectomy for a known BRCA 1 or 2 germline mutation or a high-risk personal or family history of ovarian cancer. Five patients with neoplasia were identified, 2 with invasive tubal carcinoma and 3 with serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC), giving an overall incidence of 3.62%. Invasive tubal carcinoma occurred in 1 woman with a BRCA 1 mutation and 1 woman with a BRCA 2 mutation. The incidence of carcinoma in women with either a BRCA 1 or 2 germline mutation was subsequently 2.78%. STIC occurred in 2 women with a BRCA 1 germline mutation and 1 woman carrying a BRCA 2 germline mutation. The incidence of STIC in women with either a BRCA 1 or 2 germline mutation was subsequently 4.17%. Of the patients with STIC, all 3 remain disease free at an average follow-up period of 79.33 months.ConclusionsIn this retrospective review, we found the incidence of neoplasia within a high-risk Australian population undergoing risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy to be 3.62%. The incidence of STIC was 2.17%. During our follow-up period, all patients with STIC remained disease free.
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153
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Greville G, McCann A, Rudd PM, Saldova R. Epigenetic regulation of glycosylation and the impact on chemo-resistance in breast and ovarian cancer. Epigenetics 2016; 11:845-857. [PMID: 27689695 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1241932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most fundamental posttranslational modifications in cellular biology and has been shown to be epigenetically regulated. Understanding this process is important as epigenetic therapies such as those using DNA methyltransferase inhibitors are undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of ovarian and breast cancer. Previous work has demonstrated that altered glycosylation patterns are associated with aggressive disease in women presenting with breast and ovarian cancer. Moreover, the tumor microenvironment of hypoxia results in globally altered DNA methylation and is associated with aggressive cancer phenotypes and chemo-resistance, a feature integral to many cancers. There is sparse knowledge on the impact of these therapies on glycosylation. Moreover, little is known about the efficacy of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors in hypoxic tumors. In this review, we interrogate the impact that hypoxia and epigenetic regulation has on cancer cell glycosylation in relation to resultant tumor cell aggressiveness and chemo-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Greville
- a NIBRT GlycoScience Group , The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training , Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin , Ireland
| | - Amanda McCann
- b UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science, University College Dublin , UCD, Belfield, Dublin , Ireland.,c UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin , UCD, Belfield, Dublin , Ireland
| | - Pauline M Rudd
- a NIBRT GlycoScience Group , The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training , Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin , Ireland
| | - Radka Saldova
- a NIBRT GlycoScience Group , The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training , Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin , Ireland
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154
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Cheraghchi-Bashi A, Parker CA, Curry E, Salazar JF, Gungor H, Saleem A, Cunnea P, Rama N, Salinas C, Mills GB, Morris SR, Kumar R, Gabra H, Stronach EA. A putative biomarker signature for clinically effective AKT inhibition: correlation of in vitro, in vivo and clinical data identifies the importance of modulation of the mTORC1 pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 6:41736-49. [PMID: 26497682 PMCID: PMC4747185 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Our identification of dysregulation of the AKT pathway in ovarian cancer as a platinum resistance specific event led to a comprehensive analysis of in vitro, in vivo and clinical behaviour of the AKT inhibitor GSK2141795. Proteomic biomarker signatures correlating with effects of GSK2141795 were developed using in vitro and in vivo models, well characterised for related molecular, phenotypic and imaging endpoints. Signatures were validated in temporally paired biopsies from patients treated with GSK2141795 in a clinical study. GSK2141795 caused growth-arrest as single agent in vitro, enhanced cisplatin-induced apoptosis in vitro and reduced tumour volume in combination with platinum in vivo. GSK2141795 treatment in vitro and in vivo resulted in ~50-90% decrease in phospho-PRAS40 and 20-80% decrease in fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) uptake. Proteomic analysis of GSK2141795 in vitro and in vivo identified a signature of pathway inhibition including changes in AKT and p38 phosphorylation and total Bim, IGF1R, AR and YB1 levels. In patient biopsies, prior to treatment with GSK2141795 in a phase 1 clinical trial, this signature was predictive of post-treatment changes in the response marker CA125. Development of this signature represents an opportunity to demonstrate the clinical importance of AKT inhibition for re-sensitisation of platinum resistant ovarian cancer to platinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Cheraghchi-Bashi
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK.,GlaxoSmithKline, Clinical Imaging Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Christine A Parker
- GlaxoSmithKline, Clinical Imaging Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Centre for Neuroscience, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Ed Curry
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | | | - Hatice Gungor
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Azeem Saleem
- GlaxoSmithKline, Clinical Imaging Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Paula Cunnea
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Nona Rama
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Cristian Salinas
- GlaxoSmithKline, Clinical Imaging Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gordon B Mills
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Rakesh Kumar
- GlaxoSmithKline, Oncology R&D, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Hani Gabra
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Euan A Stronach
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
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155
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Yin X, Wang X, Shen B, Jing Y, Li Q, Cai MC, Gu Z, Yang Q, Zhang Z, Liu J, Li H, Di W, Zhuang G. A VEGF-dependent gene signature enriched in mesenchymal ovarian cancer predicts patient prognosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31079. [PMID: 27498762 PMCID: PMC4976329 DOI: 10.1038/srep31079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported surrogate biomarkers of VEGF pathway activities with the potential to provide predictive information for anti-VEGF therapies. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate a new VEGF-dependent gene signature (VDGs) in relation to molecular subtypes of ovarian cancer and patient prognosis. Using microarray profiling and cross-species analysis, we identified 140-gene mouse VDGs and corresponding 139-gene human VDGs, which displayed enrichment of vasculature and basement membrane genes. In patients who received bevacizumab therapy and showed partial response, the expressions of VDGs (summarized to yield VDGs scores) were markedly decreased in post-treatment biopsies compared with pre-treatment baselines. In contrast, VDGs scores were not significantly altered following bevacizumab treatment in patients with stable or progressive disease. Analysis of VDGs in ovarian cancer showed that VDGs as a prognostic signature was able to predict patient outcome. Correlation estimation of VDGs scores and molecular features revealed that VDGs was overrepresented in mesenchymal subtype and BRCA mutation carriers. These findings highlighted the prognostic role of VEGF-mediated angiogenesis in ovarian cancer, and proposed a VEGF-dependent gene signature as a molecular basis for developing novel diagnostic strategies to aid patient selection for VEGF-targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Boqiang Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Chun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuowei Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Lingyun Community Health Service Center of Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Di
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanglei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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156
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Cheng Z, Guo J, Chen L, Luo N, Yang W, Qu X. A long noncoding RNA AB073614 promotes tumorigenesis and predicts poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:25381-9. [PMID: 26299803 PMCID: PMC4694838 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) profiles in ovarian cancer (OC) remain largely unknown. In the present study, we screened AB073614 as a new candidate lncRNA which promotes development of OC, in two independent datasets (GSE18521 and GSE38666) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The level of AB073614 was then detected in 75 paired OC tissues and adjacent normal tissues by qRT-PCR. Results showed that AB073614 expression was significantly up-regulated in 85.3% (64/75) cancerous tissues compared with normal counterparts (P < 0.01). Further, the 5-year overall survival (OS) in OC patients with high expression of AB073614 was inferior to that with low expression (17.2 months vs 30.0 months, P = 0.0025). To investigate the functional role of AB073614, AB073614 siRNA was transfected into OC cell lines. Knockdown of AB073614 expression significantly inhibited cell proliferation and invasion, resulted in cell arrest in G1 phase of cell cycle and a dramatic increase of apoptosis, both in HO-8910 and OVCAR3 cells. In vivo experiment also revealed that knockdown AB073614 inhibited OVCAR3 cells proliferation. Finally, western blot assays indicated that lncRNA AB073614 may exert its function by targeting ERK1/2 and AKT-mediated signaling pathway. In conclusion, our study suggests that lncRNA AB073614 acts as a functional oncogene in OC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongping Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.,Institute of Gynecological Minimally Invasive Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.,Institute of Gynecological Minimally Invasive Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.,Institute of Gynecological Minimally Invasive Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ning Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.,Institute of Gynecological Minimally Invasive Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weihong Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.,Institute of Gynecological Minimally Invasive Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Qu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.,Institute of Gynecological Minimally Invasive Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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157
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Alsina-Sanchis E, Figueras A, Lahiguera Á, Vidal A, Casanovas O, Graupera M, Villanueva A, Viñals F. The TGFβ pathway stimulates ovarian cancer cell proliferation by increasing IGF1R levels. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1894-903. [PMID: 27299695 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In a search for new therapeutic targets for treating epithelial ovarian cancer, we analyzed the Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway in these tumors. Using a TMA with patient samples we found high Smad2 phosphorylation in ovarian cancer tumoral cells, independently of tumor subtype (high-grade serous or endometrioid). To evaluate the impact of TGFβ receptor inhibition on tumoral growth, we used different models of human ovarian cancer orthotopically grown in nude mice (OVAs). Treatment with a TGFβRI&II dual inhibitor, LY2109761, caused a significant reduction in tumor size in all these models, affecting cell proliferation rate. We identified Insulin Growth Factor (IGF)1 receptor as the signal positively regulated by TGFβ implicated in ovarian tumor cell proliferation. Inhibition of IGF1R activity by treatment with a blocker antibody (IMC-A12) or with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (linsitinib) inhibited ovarian tumoral growth in vivo. When IGF1R levels were decreased by shRNA treatment, LY2109761 lost its capacity to block tumoral ovarian cell proliferation. At the molecular level TGFβ induced mRNA IGF1R levels. Overall, our results suggest an important role for the TGFβ signaling pathway in ovarian tumor cell growth through the control of IGF1R signaling pathway. Moreover, it identifies anti-TGFβ inhibitors as being of potential use in new therapies for ovarian cancer patients as an alternative to IGF1R inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisenda Alsina-Sanchis
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Institut Català D'Oncologia (ICO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agnès Figueras
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Institut Català D'Oncologia (ICO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Lahiguera
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Institut Català D'Oncologia (ICO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - August Vidal
- Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,Servei D'Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Xenopat S.L, Business Bioincubator, Bellvitge Health Science Campus, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Casanovas
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Institut Català D'Oncologia (ICO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Laboratori D'Oncologia Molecular, Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Villanueva
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Institut Català D'Oncologia (ICO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,Xenopat S.L, Business Bioincubator, Bellvitge Health Science Campus, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Viñals
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Institut Català D'Oncologia (ICO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Feixa Llarga S/N 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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158
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Thu KL, Papari-Zareei M, Stastny V, Song K, Peyton M, Martinez VD, Zhang YA, Castro IB, Varella-Garcia M, Liang H, Xing C, Kittler R, Milchgrub S, Castrillon DH, Davidson HL, Reynolds CP, Lam WL, Lea J, Gazdar AF. A comprehensively characterized cell line panel highly representative of clinical ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas. Oncotarget 2016; 8:50489-50499. [PMID: 28881577 PMCID: PMC5584155 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent literature suggests that most widely used ovarian cancer (OVCA) cell models do not recapitulate the molecular features of clinical tumors. To address this limitation, we generated 18 cell lines and 3 corresponding patient-derived xenografts predominantly from high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSOC) peritoneal effusions. Comprehensive genomic characterization and comparison of each model to its parental tumor demonstrated a high degree of molecular similarity. Our characterization included whole exome-sequencing and copy number profiling for cell lines, xenografts, and matched non-malignant tissues, and DNA methylation, gene expression, and spectral karyotyping for a subset of specimens. Compared to the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), our models more closely resembled HGSOC than any other tumor type, justifying their validity as OVCA models. Our meticulously characterized models provide a crucial resource for the OVCA research community that will advance translational findings and ultimately lead to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsie L Thu
- British Columbia Cancer Agency Research Centre and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mahboubeh Papari-Zareei
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Victor Stastny
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kai Song
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Michael Peyton
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Victor D Martinez
- British Columbia Cancer Agency Research Centre and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yu-An Zhang
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Isabel B Castro
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Hanquan Liang
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth & Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chao Xing
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth & Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ralf Kittler
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth & Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sara Milchgrub
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Diego H Castrillon
- Department of Pathology and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Heather L Davidson
- Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Internal Medicine, and Pediatrics, School of Medicine Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - C Patrick Reynolds
- Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Internal Medicine, and Pediatrics, School of Medicine Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Wan L Lam
- British Columbia Cancer Agency Research Centre and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jayanthi Lea
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Adi F Gazdar
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Department of Pathology and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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159
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Botesteanu DA, Lipkowitz S, Lee JM, Levy D. Mathematical models of breast and ovarian cancers. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 8:337-62. [PMID: 27259061 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Women constitute the majority of the aging United States (US) population, and this has substantial implications on cancer population patterns and management practices. Breast cancer is the most common women's malignancy, while ovarian cancer is the most fatal gynecological malignancy in the US. In this review, we focus on these subsets of women's cancers, seen more commonly in postmenopausal and elderly women. In order to systematically investigate the complexity of cancer progression and response to treatment in breast and ovarian malignancies, we assert that integrated mathematical modeling frameworks viewed from a systems biology perspective are needed. Such integrated frameworks could offer innovative contributions to the clinical women's cancers community, as answers to clinical questions cannot always be reached with contemporary clinical and experimental tools. Here, we recapitulate clinically known data regarding the progression and treatment of the breast and ovarian cancers. We compare and contrast the two malignancies whenever possible in order to emphasize areas where substantial contributions could be made by clinically inspired and validated mathematical modeling. We show how current paradigms in the mathematical oncology community focusing on the two malignancies do not make comprehensive use of, nor substantially reflect existing clinical data, and we highlight the modeling areas in most critical need of clinical data integration. We emphasize that the primary goal of any mathematical study of women's cancers should be to address clinically relevant questions. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2016, 8:337-362. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1343 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana-Adriana Botesteanu
- Department of Mathematics and Center for Scientific Computation and Mathematical Modeling (CSCAMM), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stanley Lipkowitz
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Doron Levy
- Department of Mathematics and Center for Scientific Computation and Mathematical Modeling (CSCAMM), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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160
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Botesteanu DA, Lee JM, Levy D. Modeling the Dynamics of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Progression for Transvaginal Ultrasound-Based Screening and Early Detection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156661. [PMID: 27257824 PMCID: PMC4892570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) represents the majority of ovarian cancers and accounts for the largest proportion of deaths from the disease. A timely detection of low volume HGSOC should be the goal of any screening studies. However, numerous transvaginal ultrasound (TVU) detection-based population studies aimed at detecting low-volume disease have not yielded reduced mortality rates. A quantitative invalidation of TVU as an effective HGSOC screening strategy is a necessary next step. Herein, we propose a mathematical model for a quantitative explanation on the reported failure of TVU-based screening to improve HGSOC low-volume detectability and overall survival.We develop a novel in silico mathematical assessment of the efficacy of a unimodal TVU monitoring regimen as a strategy aimed at detecting low-volume HGSOC in cancer-positive cases, defined as cases for which the inception of the first malignant cell has already occurred. Our findings show that the median window of opportunity interval length for TVU monitoring and HGSOC detection is approximately 1.76 years. This does not translate into reduced mortality levels or improved detection accuracy in an in silico cohort across multiple TVU monitoring frequencies or detection sensitivities. We demonstrate that even a semiannual, unimodal TVU monitoring protocol is expected to miss detectable HGSOC. Lastly, we find that circa 50% of the simulated HGSOC growth curves never reach the baseline detectability threshold, and that on average, 5-7 infrequent, rate-limiting stochastic changes in the growth parameters are associated with reaching HGSOC detectability and mortality thresholds respectively. Focusing on a malignancy poorly studied in the mathematical oncology community, our model captures the dynamic, temporal evolution of HGSOC progression. Our mathematical model is consistent with recent case reports and prospective TVU screening population studies, and provides support to the empirical recommendation against frequent HGSOC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana-Adriana Botesteanu
- Department of Mathematics and Center for Scientific Computation and Mathematical Modeling (CSCAMM), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Doron Levy
- Department of Mathematics and Center for Scientific Computation and Mathematical Modeling (CSCAMM), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
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161
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Nishida N, Murakami F, Higaki K. Detection of serous precursor lesions in resected fallopian tubes from patients with benign diseases and a relatively low risk for ovarian cancer. Pathol Int 2016; 66:337-42. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoyo Nishida
- Department of Pathology; St Mary's Hospital; Kurume City Japan
| | - Fumihiro Murakami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; St Mary's Hospital; Kurume City Japan
| | - Koichi Higaki
- Department of Pathology; St Mary's Hospital; Kurume City Japan
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162
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Murakami R, Matsumura N, Mandai M, Yoshihara K, Tanabe H, Nakai H, Yamanoi K, Abiko K, Yoshioka Y, Hamanishi J, Yamaguchi K, Baba T, Koshiyama M, Enomoto T, Okamoto A, Murphy SK, Mori S, Mikami Y, Minamiguchi S, Konishi I. Establishment of a Novel Histopathological Classification of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma Correlated with Prognostically Distinct Gene Expression Subtypes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:1103-13. [PMID: 26993207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, The Cancer Genome Atlas data revealed four molecular subtypes of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) exhibiting distinct prognoses. We developed four novel HGSOC histopathological subtypes by focusing on tumor microenvironment: mesenchymal transition, defined by a remarkable desmoplastic reaction; immune reactive by lymphocytes infiltrating the tumor; solid and proliferative by a solid growth pattern; and papilloglandular by a papillary architecture. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering revealed four clusters correlated with histopathological subtypes in both Kyoto and Niigata HGSOC transcriptome data sets (P < 0.001). Gene set enrichment analysis revealed pathways enriched in our histopathological classification significantly overlapped with the four molecular subtypes: mesenchymal, immunoreactive, proliferative, and differentiated (P < 0.0001, respectively). In 132 HGSOC cases, progression-free survival and overall survival were best in the immune reactive, whereas overall survival was worst in the mesenchymal transition (P < 0.001, respectively), findings reproduced in 89 validation cases (P < 0.05, respectively). The CLOVAR_MES_UP single-sample gene set enrichment analysis scores representing the mesenchymal molecular subtype were higher in paclitaxel responders than nonresponders (P = 0.002) in the GSE15622 data set. Taxane-containing regimens improved survival of cases with high MES_UP scores compared with nontaxane regimens (P < 0.001) in the GSE9891 data set. Our novel histopathological classification of HGSOC correlates with distinct prognostic transcriptome subtypes. The mesenchymal transition subtype might be particularly sensitive to taxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Murakami
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriomi Matsumura
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Masaki Mandai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yoshihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Nakai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Yamanoi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kaoru Abiko
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yoshioka
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junzo Hamanishi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Yamaguchi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Baba
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masafumi Koshiyama
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Enomoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata, Japan
| | - Aikou Okamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Seiichi Mori
- Division of Cancer Genomics, Cancer Institute of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Mikami
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Ikuo Konishi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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163
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Hansen JM, Coleman RL, Sood AK. Targeting the tumour microenvironment in ovarian cancer. Eur J Cancer 2016; 56:131-143. [PMID: 26849037 PMCID: PMC4769921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The study of cancer initiation, growth, and metastasis has traditionally been focused on cancer cells, and the view that they proliferate due to uncontrolled growth signalling owing to genetic derangements. However, uncontrolled growth in tumours cannot be explained solely by aberrations in cancer cells themselves. To fully understand the biological behaviour of tumours, it is essential to understand the microenvironment in which cancer cells exist, and how they manipulate the surrounding stroma to promote the malignant phenotype. Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynaecologic cancer worldwide. The majority of patients will have objective responses to standard tumour debulking surgery and platinum-taxane doublet chemotherapy, but most will experience disease recurrence and chemotherapy resistance. As such, a great deal of effort has been put forth to develop therapies that target the tumour microenvironment in ovarian cancer. Herein, we review the key components of the tumour microenvironment as they pertain to this disease, outline targeting opportunities and supporting evidence thus far, and discuss resistance to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M Hansen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler St, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Robert L Coleman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler St, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler St, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler St, Houston, TX, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler St, Houston, TX, USA.
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164
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UCA1 functions as a competing endogenous RNA to suppress epithelial ovarian cancer metastasis. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10633-41. [PMID: 26867765 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4917-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Urothelial cancer associated 1 (UCA1) is an example of functional long noncoding RNAs involved in many biologic processes. However, little is known about the association between UCA1 expression and metastasis in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Findings of this study confirmed that not only UCA1 was aberrantly upregulated in EOC tissues and cells, but also correlated with status of lymph node metastasis and FIGO stage. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate analyses showed that UCA1 was a prognostic factor for overall survival in EOC patients. In vitro, knockdown of UCA1 reduced the invasion and migration ability of EOC cells. The results showed that UCA1 could function as an endogenous sponge by directly binding to miR-485-5p. Depletion of UCA1 was involved in the downregulation of matrix metallopeptidase 14 (MMP14) expression, a target gene of miR-485-5p. In conclusion, our work indicates that UCA1 is a new prognostic biomarker for EOC, establishing a novel connection among UCA1, miR-485-5p, and MMP14 in EOC metastasis.
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165
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Yoon SH, Kim SN, Shim SH, Kang SB, Lee SJ. Bilateral salpingectomy can reduce the risk of ovarian cancer in the general population: A meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer 2016; 55:38-46. [PMID: 26773418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The results of recent studies have suggested that high-grade serous ovarian cancer predominantly arises within the fallopian tubes. The reduction of ovarian cancer (OC) risk in women with a history of bilateral salpingectomy (BS) has been reported. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the impact of BS in preventing OC in the general population. METHODS We searched the PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases and CENTRAL in the Cochrane Library for all English-language articles published up to January 2015, using the key words 'ovarian cancer' and 'bilateral salpingectomy.' Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated by standard meta-analysis techniques. RESULTS Of the 77 studies retrieved, three were included in this meta-analysis, including one cohort study and two population-based case-control studies with 3509 patients who underwent BS and 5,655,702 controls who did not undergo salpingectomy. Over the combined study period, 29 of the 3509 BS patients developed OC compared with 44,006 of the 5,655,702 without salpingectomy. The meta-analysis results based on the fixed effects model revealed a significant decrease in the risk of OC occurrence in the patients who underwent BS relative to the controls (OR=0.51, 95% CI 0.35-0.75, I(2)=0%). This pattern was also observed in subgroup analysis for the study type. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that removal of the fallopian tubes is an effective measure to reduce OC risk in the general population. Therefore, prophylactic bilateral salpingectomy should be considered for women who require hysterectomy with benign indications or sterilisation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hee Yoon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo-Nyung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyuk Shim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soon-Beum Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun-Joo Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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166
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Zhang Z, Ma P, Jing Y, Yan Y, Cai MC, Zhang M, Zhang S, Peng H, Ji ZL, Di W, Gu Z, Gao WQ, Zhuang G. BET Bromodomain Inhibition as a Therapeutic Strategy in Ovarian Cancer by Downregulating FoxM1. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:219-30. [PMID: 26877780 PMCID: PMC4729770 DOI: 10.7150/thno.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is responsible for the highest mortality among all gynecologic malignancies, and novel therapies are urgently needed to improve patient outcome. Here we performed an integrative genomic analysis and identified the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) protein BRD4 as a potential therapeutic target in ovarian cancer. Suppression of BRD4 using small-molecule BET inhibitors JQ1 and I-BET151, or dual kinase-bromodomain inhibitor volasertib, led to robust and broad antitumor effects across all subclasses of ovarian cancer. In contrast to many other cancers which are susceptible to BET inhibition due to downregulation of super-enhancer-dependent MYC transcript, we discovered that JQ1-sensitive ovarian cancer cells exhibited marked disruption of Forkhead box protein M1 (FoxM1) pathway, a key driver of ovarian carcinoma. These in vitro findings were further supported by in vivo efficacies of JQ1 targeting both cell line-based and patient-derived xenograft models. Our data establish a new treatment strategy against ovarian cancer by employing epigenetic vulnerabilities, and provide a mechanistic rationale for the clinical investigation of BET bromodomain inhibitors in this deadly disease.
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167
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Saida T, Tanaka YO, Matsumoto K, Satoh T, Yoshikawa H, Minami M. Revised FIGO staging system for cancer of the ovary, fallopian tube, and peritoneum: important implications for radiologists. Jpn J Radiol 2015; 34:117-24. [PMID: 26696400 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-015-0513-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer diagnosis among women worldwide. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics recently significantly revised staging criteria for cancer of the ovary. The latest revision was based on the concept that high-grade serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) may be the origin of some high-grade serous carcinomas of the ovary and peritoneum. Therefore, staging criteria for the ovary, fallopian tube, and peritoneum have been unified. Understanding this background and other important revised points are essential for radiologists concerned with imaging diagnosis in gynecologic oncology. Through this review, we introduce the STIC theory and show examples of diseases in accordance with the new staging criteria based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Saida
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Yumiko Oishi Tanaka
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Koji Matsumoto
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Toyomi Satoh
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yoshikawa
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital, Koibuchi 6528, Kasama, Ibaraki, 309-1793, Japan
| | - Manabu Minami
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
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168
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Song Q, Song J, Wang Q, Ma Y, Sun N, Ma J, Chen Q, Xia G, Huo Y, Yang L, Li B. miR-548d-3p/TP53BP2 axis regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Cancer Med 2015; 5:315-24. [PMID: 26663100 PMCID: PMC4735782 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fast growth and hardly any apoptosis are important characteristics of breast cancer, which assure the spread via invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Inhibition of fast proliferation and induction of apoptosis are critical way to cure this cancer. microRNAs (miRNAs) had been increasingly reported to be the critical regulator of tumorigenesis. In our study, we found that increasing copy number of miR-548d-2-3p is critically involved poor prognosis. We overexpressed miR-548d-3p in MDA-MB-231cells and found that the proliferation was promoted significantly, whereas the inhibition of miR-548d-3p repressed the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells and also induced the increase in apoptosis. Additionally, we found that miR-548d-3p downregulated the expression of TP53BP2 by directly targeting the 3'UTR. We also found that knockdown of TP53BP2 significantly resorted the proliferation and apoptosis regulated by miR-548d-3p inhibitor. Our study showed that miR-548d-3p/TP53BP2 pathway is critically involved in the proliferation and apoptosis of breast cancer cells and may be new therapeutic target of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 195 Tongbai Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450007, China
| | - Jiangqiang Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 195 Tongbai Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450007, China
| | - Qimin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 195 Tongbai Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450007, China
| | - Yanling Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 195 Tongbai Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450007, China
| | - Nai Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 195 Tongbai Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450007, China
| | - Jieyu Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 195 Tongbai Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450007, China
| | - Qiu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 195 Tongbai Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450007, China
| | - Guishan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 195 Tongbai Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450007, China
| | - Yanping Huo
- Department of Galactophore, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 195 Tongbai Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450007, China
| | - Longqiu Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huangshi Central Hospita, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435000, China
| | - Baolin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 195 Tongbai Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450007, China
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169
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Comprehensive analysis of lncRNA-mRNA co-expression patterns identifies immune-associated lncRNA biomarkers in ovarian cancer malignant progression. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17683. [PMID: 26631459 PMCID: PMC4668366 DOI: 10.1038/srep17683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OV) is the most common and lethal gynecological tumor with a poor prognosis for women; however, the regulatory roles of the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in ovarian malignant progression are insufficiently understood. Here, we investigated the expression patterns of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the high-throughput molecular profiles of 399 OV patients and constructed a functional lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network across OV malignant progression. We found that two protective lncRNAs, RP11-284N8.3.1 and AC104699.1.1, were not only differentially expressed throughout the progression of malignant OV but were also independently predictive of the survival of patients with different OV stages. A functional analysis of the two lncRNAs predicted their roles in immune system activation and other anti-tumor processes in the OV microenvironment. Integrating these two lncRNAs into an OV risk model was able to significantly stratify patients into different risk groups. Overall, our analysis effectively provides insights into the lncRNA association with malignant OV progression. The two-lncRNA signature is a candidate biomarker for the prognosis of patients with OV and may enable a more accurate prediction of survival.
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170
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Prophylactic salpingectomy and prophylactic salpingoophorectomy for adnexal high-grade serous epithelial carcinoma: A reappraisal. Surg Oncol 2015; 24:335-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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171
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Dungl DA, Maginn EN, Stronach EA. Preventing Damage Limitation: Targeting DNA-PKcs and DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Pathways for Ovarian Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2015. [PMID: 26579492 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00240] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy is the cornerstone of ovarian cancer treatment, and its efficacy is dependent on the generation of DNA damage, with subsequent induction of apoptosis. Inappropriate or aberrant activation of the DNA damage response network is associated with resistance to platinum, and defects in DNA repair pathways play critical roles in determining patient response to chemotherapy. In ovarian cancer, tumor cell defects in homologous recombination - a repair pathway activated in response to double-strand DNA breaks (DSB) - are most commonly associated with platinum-sensitive disease. However, despite initial sensitivity, the emergence of resistance is frequent. Here, we review strategies for directly interfering with DNA repair pathways, with particular focus on direct inhibition of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), another DSB repair pathway. DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) is a core component of NHEJ and it has shown considerable promise as a chemosensitization target in numerous cancer types, including ovarian cancer where it functions to promote platinum-induced survival signaling, via AKT activation. The development of pharmacological inhibitors of DNA-PKcs is on-going, and clinic-ready agents offer real hope to patients with chemoresistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A Dungl
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Elaina N Maginn
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Euan A Stronach
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London , London , UK
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172
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Dungl DA, Maginn EN, Stronach EA. Preventing Damage Limitation: Targeting DNA-PKcs and DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Pathways for Ovarian Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2015. [PMID: 26579492 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00240]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy is the cornerstone of ovarian cancer treatment, and its efficacy is dependent on the generation of DNA damage, with subsequent induction of apoptosis. Inappropriate or aberrant activation of the DNA damage response network is associated with resistance to platinum, and defects in DNA repair pathways play critical roles in determining patient response to chemotherapy. In ovarian cancer, tumor cell defects in homologous recombination - a repair pathway activated in response to double-strand DNA breaks (DSB) - are most commonly associated with platinum-sensitive disease. However, despite initial sensitivity, the emergence of resistance is frequent. Here, we review strategies for directly interfering with DNA repair pathways, with particular focus on direct inhibition of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), another DSB repair pathway. DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) is a core component of NHEJ and it has shown considerable promise as a chemosensitization target in numerous cancer types, including ovarian cancer where it functions to promote platinum-induced survival signaling, via AKT activation. The development of pharmacological inhibitors of DNA-PKcs is on-going, and clinic-ready agents offer real hope to patients with chemoresistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A Dungl
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Elaina N Maginn
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Euan A Stronach
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London , London , UK
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173
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Histone deacetylases as new therapy targets for platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 142:1659-71. [PMID: 26560874 PMCID: PMC4954831 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-2064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Introduction In developed countries, ovarian cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women. Due to the non-specific symptomatology associated with the disease many patients with ovarian cancer are diagnosed late, which leads to significantly poorer prognosis. Apart from surgery and radiotherapy, a substantial number of ovarian cancer patients will undergo chemotherapy and platinum based agents are the mainstream first-line therapy for this disease. Despite the initial efficacy of these therapies, many women relapse; therefore, strategies for second-line therapies are required. Regulation of DNA transcription is crucial for tumour progression, metastasis and chemoresistance which offers potential for novel drug targets. Methods We have reviewed the existing literature on the role of histone deacetylases, nuclear enzymes regulating gene transcription. Results and conclusion Analysis of available data suggests that a signifant proportion of drug resistance stems from abberant gene expression, therefore HDAC inhibitors are amongst the most promising therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Together with genetic testing, they may have a potential to serve as base for patient-adapted therapies.
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174
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Transferrin facilitates the formation of DNA double-strand breaks via transferrin receptor 1: the possible involvement of transferrin in carcinogenesis of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Oncogene 2015; 35:3577-86. [PMID: 26549031 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fallopian tubal epithelium is a candidate for the origin of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Transferrin-containing follicular fluid and/or retrograde menstrual blood are possible risk factors for carcinogenesis. Accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks (DNA-DSBs) in the fallopian tubal epithelium is considered to play an important role in the development of cancer. However, the mechanisms by which DNA-DSBs accumulate have not yet been fully elucidated. The hydroxyl radical, which is produced in a Fenton reaction catalyzed by an iron ion, serves as a potent DNA-DSB-inducing molecule, raising the potential of an iron ion transporter of transferrin in the formation of DNA-DSBs. We studied the potential involvement of transferrin in DNA damage and the development of ovarian cancer. Treatment with transferrin facilitated the formation of histone 2AX phosphorylated at Serine 139 (γH2AX), which is known as a DNA-DSB marker, in human fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells and A2780 ovarian cancer cells. Knockdown of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), but not transferrin receptor 2, suppressed the transferrin uptake and consequent formation of γH2AX. As hydroxyl radicals in reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in DNA-DSBs, the formation of ROS was determined. Treatment with TfR1-specific small interference RNAs significantly diminished transferrin-induced formation of ROS. Moreover, TfR1-dependent uptake of transferrin was revealed to augment the formation of DNA-DSBs in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, which served as a substrate for the Fenton reaction. An ex vivo study with murine fallopian tubes further demonstrated that transferrin treatment introduced DNA-DSBs in the fallopian tubal epithelium. Collectively, these data suggested that the transferrin-TfR1 axis accounts for the induction of DNA-DSBs that potentially lead to DNA damage/genome instability. These findings also suggested that exposure to transferrin initiates and promotes the development of ovarian cancer by aiding the accumulation of DNA-DSBs in the fallopian tubal epithelium.
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175
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Abstract
Background As CDK-16 has been shown to be upregulated in several transformed cancer lines, we hypothesized that the cyclin-dependent kinase 16 (CDK-16) may be upregulated in serous epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells. Therefore, we comparatively examined the mRNA and protein expression of CDK-16 in samples resected from serous EOC patients and normal controls. Material/Methods Tissue samples were collected from 70 serous EOC patients and 40 normal controls. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted to assess mRNA expression. CDK-16 protein expression was assessed by semi-quantitative immunohistochemical staining. Differences in mRNA and protein expression between serous EOC cells and normal tissue cells were tested with the Kruskal-Wallis test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results Both CDK-16 mRNA and protein expression were significantly higher in serous EOC tumor cells as compared to normal control ovarian cells (p<0.01). Although there was no significant correlation between CDK-16 mRNA expression and serous EOC stage (p=0.0794), there was a significant correlation between CDK-16 mRNA expression and serous EOC grade (p<0.0001). Moreover, there were significant correlations between CDK-16 protein expression and serous EOC stage (p<0.0001) and grade (p<0.0001). Conclusions CDK-16 upregulation in serous EOC cells may represent a negative feedback loop to promote ovarian cell differentiation in malignantly-transformed serous EOC cells. Further in-depth investigation on CDK-16’s role in serous EOC is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Yanni Yu
- Department of Pathology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
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176
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Liu P, Wang Y, Tong L, Xu Y, Zhang W, Guo Z, Ni H. Elevated preoperative plasma D-dimer level is a useful predictor of chemoresistance and poor disease outcome for serous ovarian cancer patients. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015; 76:1163-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2900-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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177
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Zhang S, Jing Y, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Ma P, Peng H, Shi K, Gao WQ, Zhuang G. Stroma-associated master regulators of molecular subtypes predict patient prognosis in ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16066. [PMID: 26530441 PMCID: PMC4632004 DOI: 10.1038/srep16066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGS-OvCa) has the lowest survival rate among all gynecologic cancers and is hallmarked by a high degree of heterogeneity. The Cancer Genome Atlas network has described a gene expression-based molecular classification of HGS-OvCa into Differentiated, Mesenchymal, Immunoreactive and Proliferative subtypes. However, the biological underpinnings and regulatory mechanisms underlying the distinct molecular subtypes are largely unknown. Here we showed that tumor-infiltrating stromal cells significantly contributed to the assignments of Mesenchymal and Immunoreactive clusters. Using reverse engineering and an unbiased interrogation of subtype regulatory networks, we identified the transcriptional modules containing master regulators that drive gene expression of Mesenchymal and Immunoreactive HGS-OvCa. Mesenchymal master regulators were associated with poor prognosis, while Immunoreactive master regulators positively correlated with overall survival. Meta-analysis of 749 HGS-OvCa expression profiles confirmed that master regulators as a prognostic signature were able to predict patient outcome. Our data unraveled master regulatory programs of HGS-OvCa subtypes with prognostic and potentially therapeutic relevance, and suggested that the unique transcriptional and clinical characteristics of ovarian Mesenchymal and Immunoreactive subtypes could be, at least partially, ascribed to tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering &Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiying Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huixin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaixuan Shi
- School of Biomedical Engineering &Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering &Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanglei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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178
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Dungl DA, Maginn EN, Stronach EA. Preventing Damage Limitation: Targeting DNA-PKcs and DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Pathways for Ovarian Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2015; 5:240. [PMID: 26579492 PMCID: PMC4620694 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy is the cornerstone of ovarian cancer treatment, and its efficacy is dependent on the generation of DNA damage, with subsequent induction of apoptosis. Inappropriate or aberrant activation of the DNA damage response network is associated with resistance to platinum, and defects in DNA repair pathways play critical roles in determining patient response to chemotherapy. In ovarian cancer, tumor cell defects in homologous recombination – a repair pathway activated in response to double-strand DNA breaks (DSB) – are most commonly associated with platinum-sensitive disease. However, despite initial sensitivity, the emergence of resistance is frequent. Here, we review strategies for directly interfering with DNA repair pathways, with particular focus on direct inhibition of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), another DSB repair pathway. DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) is a core component of NHEJ and it has shown considerable promise as a chemosensitization target in numerous cancer types, including ovarian cancer where it functions to promote platinum-induced survival signaling, via AKT activation. The development of pharmacological inhibitors of DNA-PKcs is on-going, and clinic-ready agents offer real hope to patients with chemoresistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A Dungl
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Elaina N Maginn
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Euan A Stronach
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London , London , UK
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179
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Symeonides S, Gourley C. Ovarian Cancer Molecular Stratification and Tumor Heterogeneity: A Necessity and a Challenge. Front Oncol 2015; 5:229. [PMID: 26557500 PMCID: PMC4617149 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Symeonides
- Cancer Research UK Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Charlie Gourley
- Cancer Research UK Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
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180
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Effects of silibinin on growth and invasive properties of human ovarian carcinoma cells through suppression of heregulin/HER3 pathway. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:3913-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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181
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Krishnan V, Clark R, Chekmareva M, Johnson A, George S, Shaw P, Seewaldt V, Rinker-Schaeffer C. In Vivo and Ex Vivo Approaches to Study Ovarian Cancer Metastatic Colonization of Milky Spot Structures in Peritoneal Adipose. J Vis Exp 2015:e52721. [PMID: 26555178 DOI: 10.3791/52721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC), the cause of widespread peritoneal metastases, continues to have an extremely poor prognosis; fewer than 30% of women are alive 5 years after diagnosis. The omentum is a preferred site of HGSC metastasis formation. Despite the clinical importance of this microenvironment, the contribution of omental adipose tissue to ovarian cancer progression remains understudied. Omental adipose is unusual in that it contains structures known as milky spots, which are comprised of B, T, and NK cells, macrophages, and progenitor cells surrounding dense nests of vasculature. Milky spots play a key role in the physiologic functions of the omentum, which are required for peritoneal homeostasis. We have shown that milky spots also promote ovarian cancer metastatic colonization of peritoneal adipose, a key step in the development of peritoneal metastases. Here we describe the approaches we developed to evaluate and quantify milky spots in peritoneal adipose and study their functional contribution to ovarian cancer cell metastatic colonization of omental tissues both in vivo and ex vivo. These approaches are generalizable to additional mouse models and cell lines, thus enabling the study of ovarian cancer metastasis formation from initial localization of cells to milky spot structures to the development of widespread peritoneal metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Clark
- Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago
| | | | - Amy Johnson
- Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago
| | - Sophia George
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network
| | - Patricia Shaw
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, University Health Network
| | - Victoria Seewaldt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, University Health Network; Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center
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182
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Gruosso T, Garnier C, Abelanet S, Kieffer Y, Lemesre V, Bellanger D, Bieche I, Marangoni E, Sastre-Garau X, Mieulet V, Mechta-Grigoriou F. MAP3K8/TPL-2/COT is a potential predictive marker for MEK inhibitor treatment in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8583. [PMID: 26456302 PMCID: PMC4633961 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a silent disease with a poor prognosis that urgently requires new therapeutic strategies. In low-grade ovarian tumours, mutations in the MAP3K BRAF gene constitutively activate the downstream kinase MEK. Here we demonstrate that an additional MAP3K, MAP3K8 (TPL-2/COT), accumulates in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSCs) and is a potential prognostic marker for these tumours. By combining analyses on HGSC patient cohorts, ovarian cancer cells and patient-derived xenografts, we demonstrate that MAP3K8 controls cancer cell proliferation and migration by regulating key players in G1/S transition and adhesion dynamics. In addition, we show that the MEK pathway is the main pathway involved in mediating MAP3K8 function, and that MAP3K8 exhibits a reliable predictive value for the effectiveness of MEK inhibitor treatment. Our data highlight key roles for MAP3K8 in HGSC and indicate that MEK inhibitors could be a useful treatment strategy, in combination with conventional chemotherapy, for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Gruosso
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Camille Garnier
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Sophie Abelanet
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Yann Kieffer
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Vincent Lemesre
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Dorine Bellanger
- Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France.,Genomics and Biology of the Hereditary Breast Cancers, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France
| | - Ivan Bieche
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France
| | - Elisabetta Marangoni
- Translational Research Department, Laboratory of Precinical Investigation, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France
| | | | - Virginie Mieulet
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Fatima Mechta-Grigoriou
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
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183
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Garziera M, Montico M, Bidoli E, Scalone S, Sorio R, Giorda G, Lucia E, Toffoli G. Prognostic Role of Serum Antibody Immunity to p53 Oncogenic Protein in Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140351. [PMID: 26451959 PMCID: PMC4599823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Serum p53 autoantibodies (p53-AAbs) are the product of an endogenous immune response against p53 overexpression driven by the ovarian tumour. The p53-AAbs are detectable only in a subset of patients. To date, the evidence of an association between the presence of p53-AAbs and ovarian cancer outcomes has been poorly investigated. Methods A systematic literature search was performed to identify eligible studies investigating the association of serum p53-AAbs and overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS). Associations between presence of serum p53-AAbs and baseline tumour characteristics were also evaluated. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed to estimate the prognostic impact of serum p53-AAbs. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed. Results A total of 583 patients (7 studies) for OS and 356 patients (4 studies) for DFS were included in the meta-analysis. Presence of p53-AAbs was not associated to OS (pooled uni- multivariate HR = 1.09; 95% CI: 0.55–2.16), and a large heterogeneity was found. When only multivariate HRs were pooled together (4 studies), presence of p53-AAbs was significantly associated to a better OS (pooled HR = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.40–0.81), and no significant heterogeneity was observed. A reduced DFS was associated to p53-AAbs (pooled uni- multivariate HR = 1.37; 95% CI: 0.83–2.25), though not significantly and with a moderate heterogeneity. Conclusions The prognostic significance of serum p53-AAbs in ovarian cancer was diverging according to uni or multivariate models used. Since the results of this work were based on only few investigations, large prospective studies are needed to better define the role of antibody immunity against p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Garziera
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano National Cancer Institute, via F. Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, (PN), Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Marcella Montico
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano National Cancer Institute, via F. Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, (PN), Italy
| | - Ettore Bidoli
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano National Cancer Institute, via F. Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, (PN), Italy
| | - Simona Scalone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano National Cancer Institute, via F. Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, (PN), Italy
| | - Roberto Sorio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano National Cancer Institute, via F. Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, (PN), Italy
| | - Giorgio Giorda
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, via F. Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, (PN), Italy
| | - Emilio Lucia
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, via F. Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, (PN), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano National Cancer Institute, via F. Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, (PN), Italy
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184
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Ford CE, Henry C, Llamosas E, Djordjevic A, Hacker N. Wnt signalling in gynaecological cancers: A future target for personalised medicine? Gynecol Oncol 2015; 140:345-51. [PMID: 26432042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The three major gynaecological cancers, ovarian, uterine and cervical, contribute a significant burden to global cancer mortality, and affect women in both developed and developing countries. However, unlike other cancer types that have seen rapid advances and incorporation of targeted treatments in recent years, personalised medicine is not yet a reality in the treatment of gynaecological cancers. Advances in sequencing technology and international collaborations and initiatives such as The Cancer Genome Atlas are now revealing the molecular basis of these cancers, and highlighting key signalling pathways involved. One pathway which plays a role in all three cancer types, is the Wnt signalling pathway. This complex developmental pathway is altered in most human malignancies, and members of this pathway, particularly the recently linked ROR receptor tyrosine kinases may be attractive future therapeutic targets. This review provides an up-to-date summary of research into Wnt signalling and ovarian, uterine and cervical cancers, and discusses the potential of the Wnt pathway as a future target for personalised medicine in gynaecological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Ford
- Metastasis Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Australia.
| | - C Henry
- Metastasis Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - E Llamosas
- Metastasis Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - A Djordjevic
- Metastasis Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - N Hacker
- Royal Hospital for Women, School of Women and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Australia
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185
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Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Intertumoral Heterogeneity. Trends Cancer 2015; 1:15-23. [PMID: 28741558 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Intertumoral heterogeneity is driven by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Intrinsic mechanisms include the genetic/epigenetic mutational profile of cells and the nature of the 'cell of origin'. There is accumulating evidence that distinct 'cells of origin' within an organ can give rise to different subtypes of cancer. Tissue-specific stem and progenitor cells are the predominant targets exploited for tumor initiation. Extrinsic factors imposed by the microenvironment may also directly influence the cell of origin by eliciting dedifferentiation. Identification of these target cell populations is important for earlier diagnosis, the detection of premalignant clones during relapse, and the design of prevention therapies for high-risk cancer families. Here we review recent developments in deciphering the cellular origins of solid cancers.
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186
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Stringer-Reasor EM, Baker GM, Skor MN, Kocherginsky M, Lengyel E, Fleming GF, Conzen SD. Glucocorticoid receptor activation inhibits chemotherapy-induced cell death in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2015; 138:656-62. [PMID: 26115975 PMCID: PMC4556542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation increases resistance to chemotherapy in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGS-OvCa) and that treatment with a GR antagonist will improve sensitivity to chemotherapy. METHODS GR expression was assessed in OvCa cell lines by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis and in xenografts and primary human tumors using immunohistochemistry (IHC). We also examined the effect of GR activation versus inhibition on chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity in OvCa cell lines and in a xenograft model. RESULTS With the exception of IGROV-1 cells, all OvCa cell lines tested had detectable GR expression by Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis. Twenty-five out of the 27 human primary HGS-OvCas examined expressed GR by IHC. No cell line expressed detectable progesterone receptor (PR) or androgen receptor (AR) by Western blot analysis. In vitro assays showed that in GR-positive HeyA8 and SKOV3 cells, dexamethasone (100nM) treatment upregulated the pro-survival genes SGK1 and MKP1/DUSP1 and inhibited carboplatin/gemcitabine-induced cell death. Concurrent treatment with two GR antagonists, either mifepristone (100nM) or CORT125134 (100nM), partially reversed these effects. There was no anti-apoptotic effect of dexamethasone on chemotherapy-induced cell death in IGROV-1 cells, which did not have detectable GR protein. Mifepristone treatment alone was not cytotoxic in any cell line. HeyA8 OvCa xenograft studies demonstrated that adding mifepristone to carboplatin/gemcitabine increased tumor shrinkage by 48% compared to carboplatin/gemcitabine treatment alone (P=0.0004). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that GR antagonism sensitizes GR+ OvCa to chemotherapy-induced cell death through inhibition of GR-mediated cell survival pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
- Cell Death/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/drug therapy
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/metabolism
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/pathology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- MCF-7 Cells
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Mifepristone/pharmacology
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Random Allocation
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maxwell N Skor
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Ernst Lengyel
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gini F Fleming
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Suzanne D Conzen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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187
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Bobbs AS, Cole JM, Cowden Dahl KD. Emerging and Evolving Ovarian Cancer Animal Models. CANCER GROWTH AND METASTASIS 2015; 8:29-36. [PMID: 26380555 PMCID: PMC4558890 DOI: 10.4137/cgm.s21221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the leading cause of death from a gynecological malignancy in the United States. By the time a woman is diagnosed with OC, the tumor has usually metastasized. Mouse models that are used to recapitulate different aspects of human OC have been evolving for nearly 40 years. Xenograft studies in immunocompromised and immunocompetent mice have enhanced our knowledge of metastasis and immune cell involvement in cancer. Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) can accurately reflect metastasis, response to therapy, and diverse genetics found in patients. Additionally, multiple genetically engineered mouse models have increased our understanding of possible tissues of origin for OC and what role individual mutations play in establishing ovarian tumors. Many of these models are used to test novel therapeutics. As no single model perfectly copies the human disease, we can use a variety of OC animal models in hypothesis testing that will lead to novel treatment options. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the utility of different mouse models in the study of OC and their suitability for cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Bobbs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN, USA. ; Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Jennifer M Cole
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN, USA. ; Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Karen D Cowden Dahl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN, USA. ; Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN, USA. ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA. ; Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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188
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Yiwei T, Hua H, Hui G, Mao M, Xiang L. HOTAIR Interacting with MAPK1 Regulates Ovarian Cancer skov3 Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:1856-63. [PMID: 26117268 PMCID: PMC4489685 DOI: 10.12659/msm.893528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of when silencing HOTAIR in ovarian cancer skov3 cells on proliferation, migration, and invasion, and to elucidate the mechanism by which this occurs. Material/Methods We detected the mRNA level of HOTAIR (HOX antisense intergenic RNA) and MAPK1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 1) in ovarian cancer SKOV3, ES-2, OVCAR3, A2780, and COC1 cell lines. We detected the mRNA level of HOTAIR and MAPK1 in ovarian SKOV3 when transected with miR-1, miR-214-3p, or miR-330-5p. We detected the mRNA and protein level of MAPK1 when silencing HOTAIR. We detected the expression of HOTAIR when silencing MAPK1. Then we detected the proliferation, migration, and invasion in ovarian cancer skov3 after silencing HOTAIR or MAPK1. Results The expression of HOTAIR and MAPK1 in ovarian SKOV3, ES-2, and OVCAR3 increased compared with A2780 and COC1 cells (P<0.05). The mRNA level of HOTAIR and MAPK1 in ovarian SKOV3 decreased when transected with miR-1, miR-214-3p, or miR-330-5p compared to negative control (p<0.05). The mRNA and protein level of MAPK1 was decreased when silencing HOTAIR and the mRNA level of HOTAIR was decreased when silencing MAPK1 (p<0.05). The proliferation, migration, and invasion was inhibited in ovarian SKOV3 after silencing HOTAIR or MAPK1 (p<0.05). Conclusions HOTAIR can promote proliferation, migration, and invasion in ovarian SKOV3 cells as a competing endogenous RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang Yiwei
- Laboratory of Early Developmental and Injuries, West China Institutes for Woman and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Huang Hua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu Integrated TCM&Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Guo Hui
- Laboratory of Early Developmental and Injuries, West China Institutes for Woman and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Meng Mao
- Laboratory of Early Developmental and Injuries, West China Institutes for Woman and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Long Xiang
- Laboratory of Early Developmental and Injuries, West China Institutes for Woman and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
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189
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Pinessi D, Ostano P, Borsotti P, Bello E, Guffanti F, Bizzaro F, Frapolli R, Bani MR, Chiorino G, Taraboletti G, Resovi A. Expression of thrombospondin-1 by tumor cells in patient-derived ovarian carcinoma xenografts. Connect Tissue Res 2015; 56:355-63. [PMID: 25943461 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2015.1045065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a major regulator of cell interaction with the environment, is often deregulated in cancers, including ovarian carcinoma. Both the tumor and the host cells can release TSP-1 in the tumor microenvironment. The relative contribution of the two sources in determining TSP-1 levels in ovarian cancer remains to be elucidated. This study was designed to investigate the expression of tumor TSP-1 in a panel of 29 patient-derived ovarian adenocarcinoma xenografts (PDX), using analytical tools specific for human (tumor-derived) rather than murine (host-derived) TSP-1. METHODOLOGY Human-specific microarray and ELISA were used to measure tumor TSP-1 expression and plasma levels. RESULTS Tumor-derived TSP-1 was heterogeneously expressed in PDX. Expression was higher in the corresponding original patient's tumor, where stroma-derived TSP-1 is also analyzed, indicating that both the tumor and the host contribute to TSP-1 production. TSP-1 was differentially expressed according to tumor grade, but not affected by p53 expression or mutational status. Findings were confirmed in an external gene expression dataset (101 patients). In a functional enrichment analysis, TSP-1 correlated with genes related to angiogenesis, cell motility, communication and shape. Plasma TSP-1, detectable in 10/11 PDX, was not associated to its expression in the tumor. The possible association of plasma TSP-1 with p53 mutations and response to chemotherapy warrants further investigation. CONCLUSIONS Ovarian carcinoma PDX are a useful tool to investigate the relative contribution of stroma and tumor cells in the production of tumor associated factors, in relation to the tumor behavior, molecular properties and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Pinessi
- a Department of Oncology , Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Bergamo , Italy
| | - Paola Ostano
- b Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia Valenta, Laboratory of Cancer Genomics , Biella , Italy , and
| | - Patrizia Borsotti
- a Department of Oncology , Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Bergamo , Italy
| | - Ezia Bello
- c Department of Oncology , IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Milano , Italy
| | - Federica Guffanti
- c Department of Oncology , IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Milano , Italy
| | - Francesca Bizzaro
- c Department of Oncology , IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Milano , Italy
| | - Roberta Frapolli
- c Department of Oncology , IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Milano , Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Bani
- c Department of Oncology , IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Milano , Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- b Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia Valenta, Laboratory of Cancer Genomics , Biella , Italy , and
| | - Giulia Taraboletti
- a Department of Oncology , Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Bergamo , Italy
| | - Andrea Resovi
- a Department of Oncology , Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Bergamo , Italy
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190
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Uehara Y, Oda K, Ikeda Y, Koso T, Tsuji S, Yamamoto S, Asada K, Sone K, Kurikawa R, Makii C, Hagiwara O, Tanikawa M, Maeda D, Hasegawa K, Nakagawa S, Wada-Hiraike O, Kawana K, Fukayama M, Fujiwara K, Yano T, Osuga Y, Fujii T, Aburatani H. Integrated copy number and expression analysis identifies profiles of whole-arm chromosomal alterations and subgroups with favorable outcome in ovarian clear cell carcinomas. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128066. [PMID: 26043110 PMCID: PMC4456367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) is generally associated with chemoresistance and poor clinical outcome, even with early diagnosis; whereas high-grade serous carcinomas (SCs) and endometrioid carcinomas (ECs) are commonly chemosensitive at advanced stages. Although an integrated genomic analysis of SC has been performed, conclusive views on copy number and expression profiles for CCC are still limited. In this study, we performed single nucleotide polymorphism analysis with 57 epithelial ovarian cancers (31 CCCs, 14 SCs, and 12 ECs) and microarray expression analysis with 55 cancers (25 CCCs, 16 SCs, and 14 ECs). We then evaluated PIK3CA mutations and ARID1A expression in CCCs. SNP array analysis classified 13% of CCCs into a cluster with high frequency and focal range of copy number alterations (CNAs), significantly lower than for SCs (93%, P < 0.01) and ECs (50%, P = 0.017). The ratio of whole-arm to all CNAs was higher in CCCs (46.9%) than SCs (21.7%; P < 0.0001). SCs with loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of BRCA1 (85%) also had LOH of NF1 and TP53, and LOH of BRCA2 (62%) coexisted with LOH of RB1 and TP53. Microarray analysis classified CCCs into three clusters. One cluster (CCC-2, n = 10) showed more favorable prognosis than the CCC-1 and CCC-3 clusters (P = 0.041). Coexistent alterations of PIK3CA and ARID1A were more common in CCC-1 and CCC-3 (7/11, 64%) than in CCC-2 (0/10, 0%; P < 0.01). Being in cluster CCC-2 was an independent favorable prognostic factor in CCC. In conclusion, CCC was characterized by a high ratio of whole-arm CNAs; whereas CNAs in SC were mainly focal, but preferentially caused LOH of well-known tumor suppressor genes. As such, expression profiles might be useful for sub-classification of CCC, and might provide useful information on prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Uehara
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Oda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuji Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Koso
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Tsuji
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Yamamoto
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayo Asada
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenbun Sone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Kurikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chinami Makii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Otoe Hagiwara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michihiro Tanikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daichi Maeda
- Department of Pathology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosei Hasegawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nakagawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Teikyo University International, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Wada-Hiraike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Kawana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Keiichi Fujiwara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tetsu Yano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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191
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Liang B, He Q, Zhong L, Wang S, Pan Z, Wang T, Zhao Y. Circulating VEGF as a biomarker for diagnosis of ovarian cancer: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:1075-82. [PMID: 26028975 PMCID: PMC4440429 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s83616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
VEGF is a frequently studied angiogenic factor in ovarian cancer (OC), and is considered to have an important role in the progression of OC. However, its diagnostic value has not been widely accepted because the conclusions are inconsistent and even conflicting. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic value of VEGF in OC. A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WANFANG databases for relevant published articles (the last search update was November 18, 2014). The diagnosis sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and the summary receiver operating characteristic curves were pooled by Meta DiSc 1.4 software. A total of ten studies with 1,131 subjects were finally included in this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and summary receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.67 (0.63–0.73), 0.78 (0.75–0.81), 3.08 (6.36–12.22), 0.39 (0.29–0.51), 9.10 (5.43–45.25), and 0.8175, respectively. Furthermore, to explore the sources of heterogeneity, we conducted subgroup analyses based on ethnicity and sample size. The diagnostic accuracy of VEGF was higher in an Asian population than in a Caucasian population. A similar finding was found in subgroups with the smaller sample size (<100 subjects). In conclusion, the present meta-analysis suggests that VEGF has moderate diagnostic accuracy for OC. Considering our limitations and the heterogeneity among our selected studies, larger, well-designed prospective and multicenter validation studies are needed to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum VEGF for OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liang
- Biochip Center and State Key Lab of Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun He
- Biochip Center and State Key Lab of Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Liansheng Zhong
- Biochip Center and State Key Lab of Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaocheng Wang
- Biochip Center and State Key Lab of Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongcheng Pan
- Biochip Center and State Key Lab of Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianjiao Wang
- Biochip Center and State Key Lab of Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Biochip Center and State Key Lab of Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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QIU JUNJUN, LIN YINGYING, DING JINGXIN, FENG WEIWEI, JIN HONGYAN, HUA KEQIN. Long non-coding RNA ANRIL predicts poor prognosis and promotes invasion/metastasis in serous ovarian cancer. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:2497-505. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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193
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Walker JL, Powell CB, Chen LM, Carter J, Bae Jump VL, Parker LP, Borowsky ME, Gibb RK. Society of Gynecologic Oncology recommendations for the prevention of ovarian cancer. Cancer 2015; 121:2108-20. [PMID: 25820366 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mortality from ovarian cancer may be dramatically reduced with the implementation of attainable prevention strategies. The new understanding of the cells of origin and the molecular etiology of ovarian cancer warrants a strong recommendation to the public and health care providers. This document discusses potential prevention strategies, which include 1) oral contraceptive use, 2) tubal sterilization, 3) risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy in women at high hereditary risk of breast and ovarian cancer, 4) genetic counseling and testing for women with ovarian cancer and other high-risk families, and 5) salpingectomy after childbearing is complete (at the time of elective pelvic surgeries, at the time of hysterectomy, and as an alternative to tubal ligation). The Society of Gynecologic Oncology has determined that recent scientific breakthroughs warrant a new summary of the progress toward the prevention of ovarian cancer. This review is intended to emphasize the importance of the fallopian tubes as a potential source of high-grade serous cancer in women with and without known genetic mutations in addition to the use of oral contraceptive pills to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan L Walker
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - C Bethan Powell
- Northern California Gynecologic Cancer Program, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Lee-May Chen
- Gynecology/Oncology Division, University of California San Francisco/Mt. Zion Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeanne Carter
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Victoria L Bae Jump
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Mark E Borowsky
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, Delaware
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194
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Qiu JJ, Wang Y, Ding JX, Jin HY, Yang G, Hua KQ. The long non-coding RNA HOTAIR promotes the proliferation of serous ovarian cancer cells through the regulation of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Exp Cell Res 2015; 333:238-248. [PMID: 25796453 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) is a well-known long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) whose dysregulation correlates with poor prognosis and malignant progression in many forms of cancer. Here, we investigate the expression pattern, clinical significance, and biological function of HOTAIR in serous ovarian cancer (SOC). Clinically, we found that HOTAIR levels were overexpressed in SOC tissues compared with normal controls and that HOTAIR overexpression was correlated with an advanced FIGO stage and a high histological grade. Multivariate analysis revealed that HOTAIR is an independent prognostic factor for predicting overall survival in SOC patients. We demonstrated that HOTAIR silencing inhibited A2780 and OVCA429 SOC cell proliferation in vitro and that the anti-proliferative effects of HOTAIR silencing also occurred in vivo. Further investigation into the mechanisms responsible for the growth inhibitory effects by HOTAIR silencing revealed that its knockdown resulted in the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through certain cell cycle-related and apoptosis-related proteins. Together, these results highlight a critical role of HOTAIR in SOC cell proliferation and contribute to a better understanding of the importance of dysregulated lncRNAs in SOC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jun Qiu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, 413 Zhaozhou Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong׳an Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 130 Dong׳an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing-Xin Ding
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, 413 Zhaozhou Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Hong-Yan Jin
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, 413 Zhaozhou Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Gong Yang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong׳an Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 130 Dong׳an Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Ke-Qin Hua
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, 413 Zhaozhou Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
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195
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Ovarian cancer survival by tumor dominance, a surrogate for site of origin. Cancer Causes Control 2015; 26:601-8. [PMID: 25771796 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-015-0547-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent studies suggest that a proportion of ovarian tumors may actually originate in the distal fallopian tube. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between dominance (a surrogate for site of origin) and survival, following a diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer. METHODS We classified 1,386 tumors as dominant (putatively originating in the ovary) and non-dominant (putatively originating in the fallopian tube), using parameters obtained from pathology reports. Dominant tumors were restricted to one ovary or one involved ovary that exceeded the other in dimension by at least twofold, while non-dominant tumors were identified as having a greater likelihood of a tubal origin if the disease was equally distributed across the ovaries. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with dominance. RESULTS Non-dominant tumors were more likely to be serous, stage III/IV, and be associated with a BRCA1/2 mutation, increasing parity and use of estrogen hormone replacement therapy (p ≤ 0.01). In contrast, 46 and 26% of the dominant tumors were serous and endometrioid, respectively, with a more even distribution of stage (p < 0.0001). Women with a non-dominant tumor had an increased risk of death compared to women with a dominant tumor (multivariate HR 1.28; 95% CI 1.02-1.60). Findings were similar in our analysis restricted to serous only subtypes (HR 1.28; 95% CI 1.01-1.63). CONCLUSION These preliminary findings suggest significantly worse survival among women diagnosed with a tumor putatively arising from fallopian tube.
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196
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Luo LY, Kim E, Cheung HW, Weir BA, Dunn GP, Shen RR, Hahn WC. The Tyrosine Kinase Adaptor Protein FRS2 Is Oncogenic and Amplified in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:502-9. [PMID: 25368431 PMCID: PMC4369154 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED High-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOC) are characterized by widespread recurrent regions of copy-number gain and loss. Here, we interrogated 50 genes that are recurrently amplified in HGSOC and essential for cancer proliferation and survival in ovarian cancer cell lines. FRS2 is one of the 50 genes located on chromosomal region 12q15 that is focally amplified in 12.5% of HGSOC. We found that FRS2-amplified cancer cell lines are dependent on FRS2 expression, and that FRS2 overexpression in immortalized human cell lines conferred the ability to grow in an anchorage-independent manner and as tumors in immunodeficient mice. FRS2, an adaptor protein in the FGFR pathway, induces downstream activation of the Ras-MAPK pathway. These observations identify FRS2 as an oncogene in a subset of HGSOC that harbor FRS2 amplifications. IMPLICATIONS These studies identify FRS2 as an amplified oncogene in a subset of HGSOC. FRS2 expression is essential to ovarian cancer cells that harbor 12q15 amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Y Luo
- Health Sciences and Technology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eejung Kim
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hiu Wing Cheung
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Barbara A Weir
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Gavin P Dunn
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Rhine R Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Astellas Pharma U.S. Inc., Santa Monica, California
| | - William C Hahn
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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197
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Cheaib B, Auguste A, Leary A. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in ovarian cancer: therapeutic opportunities and challenges. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2015. [PMID: 25556614 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.014.10289] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) pathway is frequently altered in cancer, including ovarian cancer (OC). Unfortunately, despite a sound biological rationale and encouraging activity in preclinical models, trials of first-generation inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in OC have demonstrated negative results. The lack of patient selection as well as resistance to selective mTOR complex-1 (mTORC1) inhibitors could explain the disappointing results thus far. Nonetheless, a number of novel agents are being investigated, including dual mTORC1/mTORC2, Akt, and PI3K inhibitors. Although it is likely that inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway may have little effect in unselected OC patients, certain histological types, such as clear cell or endometrioid OC with frequent phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) and/or phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) alterations, may be particularly suited to this approach. Given the complexity and redundancy of the PI3K signaling network, PI3K pathway inhibition may be most useful in combination with either chemotherapy or other targeted therapies, such as MEK inhibitors, anti-angiogenic therapy, and hormonal therapy, in appropriately selected OC patients. Here, we discuss the relevance of the PI3K pathway in OC and provide an up-to-date review of clinical trials of novel PI3K inhibitors alone or in combination with cytotoxics and novel therapies in OC. In addition, the challenges of drug resistance and predictive biomarkers are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Cheaib
- Gynecological Unit, Department of Medicine, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 94805 Villejuif, France.
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Cheaib B, Auguste A, Leary A. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in ovarian cancer: therapeutic opportunities and challenges. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2015; 34:4-16. [PMID: 25556614 PMCID: PMC4302085 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.014.10289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) pathway is frequently altered in cancer, including ovarian cancer (OC). Unfortunately, despite a sound biological rationale and encouraging activity in preclinical models, trials of first-generation inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in OC have demonstrated negative results. The lack of patient selection as well as resistance to selective mTOR complex-1 (mTORC1) inhibitors could explain the disappointing results thus far. Nonetheless, a number of novel agents are being investigated, including dual mTORC1/mTORC2, Akt, and PI3K inhibitors. Although it is likely that inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway may have little effect in unselected OC patients, certain histological types, such as clear cell or endometrioid OC with frequent phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) and/or phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) alterations, may be particularly suited to this approach. Given the complexity and redundancy of the PI3K signaling network, PI3K pathway inhibition may be most useful in combination with either chemotherapy or other targeted therapies, such as MEK inhibitors, anti-angiogenic therapy, and hormonal therapy, in appropriately selected OC patients. Here, we discuss the relevance of the PI3K pathway in OC and provide an up-to-date review of clinical trials of novel PI3K inhibitors alone or in combination with cytotoxics and novel therapies in OC. In addition, the challenges of drug resistance and predictive biomarkers are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Cheaib
- Gynecological Unit, Department of Medicine, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 94805 Villejuif, France.
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Beerenwinkel N, Schwarz RF, Gerstung M, Markowetz F. Cancer evolution: mathematical models and computational inference. Syst Biol 2015; 64:e1-25. [PMID: 25293804 PMCID: PMC4265145 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syu081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a somatic evolutionary process characterized by the accumulation of mutations, which contribute to tumor growth, clinical progression, immune escape, and drug resistance development. Evolutionary theory can be used to analyze the dynamics of tumor cell populations and to make inference about the evolutionary history of a tumor from molecular data. We review recent approaches to modeling the evolution of cancer, including population dynamics models of tumor initiation and progression, phylogenetic methods to model the evolutionary relationship between tumor subclones, and probabilistic graphical models to describe dependencies among mutations. Evolutionary modeling helps to understand how tumors arise and will also play an increasingly important prognostic role in predicting disease progression and the outcome of medical interventions, such as targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko Beerenwinkel
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB20RE, United Kingdom Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB20RE, United Kingdom
| | - Roland F Schwarz
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB20RE, United Kingdom
| | - Moritz Gerstung
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB20RE, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Markowetz
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB20RE, United Kingdom
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200
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Prahm KP, Karlsen MA, Høgdall E, Scheller NM, Lundvall L, Nedergaard L, Christensen IJ, Høgdall C. The prognostic value of dividing epithelial ovarian cancer into type I and type II tumors based on pathologic characteristics. Gynecol Oncol 2014; 136:205-11. [PMID: 25546113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prognostic significance of dividing epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in type I and type II tumors based on pathologic variables. METHODS We used the Danish Gynecologic Cancer Database to identify all patients diagnosed with EOC from 2005 to 2012. Information on histologic type and grade were used to classify tumors as either type I or type II. Death, and several prognostic factors were used in the multivariate Cox regression, and Landmark analysis was used to estimate hazard ratios of all-cause mortality. RESULTS Among 2660 patients diagnosed with EOC, 735 were categorized as type I tumors, and 1925 as type II tumors. Patients with type II EOC were more frequently diagnosed in late FIGO stages (stages III-IV) than patients with type I EOC (78.1% vs. 32.1% respectively; P<0.001). Time dependent multivariate Cox analysis, adjusted for known prognostic variables, showed no significant difference in survival within the first two years after diagnosis, however, after 730days of follow-up a significantly increased overall survival for type I tumors was observed (hazard ratio 1.72, 95% confidence interval: 1.28-2.31, P<0.001). Similarly the Landmark analysis for survival confirmed the increased overall survival for type I tumors after two years of follow-up (hazard ratio: 1.85, 95% confidence interval: 1.35-2.54, P<0.001). CONCLUSION Classification of EOC in type I and type II tumors based on pathologic variables was associated with an increased risk of death for type II tumors after two years of follow-up, while no increased risk was seen during the first two years of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Philipsen Prahm
- Dept. of Gynecology, Juliane Marie Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Mona Aarenstrup Karlsen
- Molecular Unit, Dept. of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Estrid Høgdall
- Molecular Unit, Dept. of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lene Lundvall
- Dept. of Gynecology, Juliane Marie Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte Nedergaard
- Dept. of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ib Jarle Christensen
- Finsen Laboratory, Copenhagen Biocenter, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Høgdall
- Dept. of Gynecology, Juliane Marie Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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