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Huang C, Zhang Z, Cui W. Marine-Derived Natural Compounds for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17040221. [PMID: 30978965 PMCID: PMC6520879 DOI: 10.3390/md17040221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons, leading to the motor dysfunctions of patients. Although the etiology of PD is still unclear, the death of dopaminergic neurons during PD progress was revealed to be associated with the abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein, the elevation of oxidative stress, the dysfunction of mitochondrial functions, and the increase of neuroinflammation. However, current anti-PD therapies could only produce symptom-relieving effects, because they could not provide neuroprotective effects, stop or delay the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Marine-derived natural compounds, with their novel chemical structures and unique biological activities, may provide anti-PD neuroprotective effects. In this study, we have summarized anti-PD marine-derived natural products which have shown pharmacological activities by acting on various PD targets, such as α-synuclein, monoamine oxidase B, and reactive oxygen species. Moreover, marine-derived natural compounds currently evaluated in the clinical trials for the treatment of PD are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Huang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
- Laboratory of Marine Natural Products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic, Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Wei Cui
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
- Laboratory of Marine Natural Products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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152
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Liu J, Liu W, Yang H. Balancing Apoptosis and Autophagy for Parkinson's Disease Therapy: Targeting BCL-2. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:792-802. [PMID: 30400738 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis and autophagy are important intracellular processes that maintain organism homeostasis and promote survival. Autophagy selectively degrades damaged cellular organelles and protein aggregates, while apoptosis removes damaged or aged cells. Maintaining a balance between autophagy and apoptosis is critical for cell fate, especially for long-lived cells such as neurons. Conversely, their imbalance is associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), which is characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Restoring the balance between autophagy and apoptosis is a promising strategy for the treatment of PD. Some core proteins engage in cross talk between apoptosis and autophagy, including B cell lymphoma (BCL)-2 family members. This Review summarizes the role of BCL-2 members in the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy and discusses potential therapeutic approaches that target this balance for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Neurobiology School of
Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Center of Parkinson’s
Disease Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory
of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson’s
Disease, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry
of Education, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Weijing Liu
- Department of Neurobiology School of
Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Center of Parkinson’s
Disease Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory
of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson’s
Disease, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry
of Education, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurobiology School of
Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Center of Parkinson’s
Disease Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory
of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson’s
Disease, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry
of Education, Beijing 100069, China
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153
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Wauters L, Versées W, Kortholt A. Roco Proteins: GTPases with a Baroque Structure and Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20010147. [PMID: 30609797 PMCID: PMC6337361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are a common cause of genetically inherited Parkinson’s Disease (PD). LRRK2 is a large, multi-domain protein belonging to the Roco protein family, a family of GTPases characterized by a central RocCOR (Ras of complex proteins/C-terminal of Roc) domain tandem. Despite the progress in characterizing the GTPase function of Roco proteins, there is still an ongoing debate concerning the working mechanism of Roco proteins in general, and LRRK2 in particular. This review consists of two parts. First, an overview is given of the wide evolutionary range of Roco proteins, leading to a variety of physiological functions. The second part focusses on the GTPase function of the RocCOR domain tandem central to the action of all Roco proteins, and progress in the understanding of its structure and biochemistry is discussed and reviewed. Finally, based on the recent work of our and other labs, a new working hypothesis for the mechanism of Roco proteins is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wauters
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, University of Groningen, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Wim Versées
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Arjan Kortholt
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, University of Groningen, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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154
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Zhou F, Xie S, Li J, Duan S. Retracted Article: Long noncoding RNA HOTAIR promotes cell apoptosis by sponging miR-221 in Parkinson's disease. RSC Adv 2019; 9:29502-29510. [PMID: 35531558 PMCID: PMC9071991 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06107j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurological disorder that is detrimental to the health of older people worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play essential roles in the pathogenesis and therapeutics of PD. LncRNA homeobox transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) is expressed in PD samples; however, the exact roles of HOTAIR and its mechanism remain largely unclear. Herein, the neurotoxins 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) were used to establish PD models in vitro and in vivo. The expressions of HOTAIR and microRNA-221 (miR-221) were measured by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell viability and apoptosis were detected by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and western blot or flow cytometry, respectively. The interaction between HOTAIR and miR-221 was explored by luciferase activity and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). The tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells in MPTP-treated-mouse midbrains were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The HOTAIR expression was up-regulated and that of miR-221 was down-regulated in the serum of PD patients and MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Overexpression of HOTAIR inhibited cell viability and promoted apoptosis in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. However, the down-regulation of HOTAIR showed an opposite effect. Moreover, miR-221 was validated to be bound to HOTAIR, and its addition reversed the regulatory effect of HOTAIR on cell viability and apoptosis in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, the knockdown of HOTAIR attenuated the degree of PD and cell apoptosis by regulating miR-221 in MPTP-treated mice. In conclusion, HOTAIR contributed to cell apoptosis by sponging miR-221 in PD. This study elucidates a new mechanism for understanding the pathogenesis of PD and provides a promising target for the treatment of PD. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurological disorder that is detrimental to the health of older people worldwide.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhou
- Department of Neurology
- The Central Hospital of Jingzhou
- Jingzhou 434020
- China
| | - Sanping Xie
- Department of Neurology
- The Central Hospital of Jingzhou
- Jingzhou 434020
- China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of General Medicine
- The Central Hospital of Jingzhou
- Jingzhou
- China
| | - Shujie Duan
- Department of Neurology
- The Central Hospital of Jingzhou
- Jingzhou 434020
- China
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155
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Chang J, Zhang XL, Yu H, Chen J. Downregulation of RTN1-C attenuates MPP +-induced neuronal injury through inhibition of mGluR5 pathway in SN4741 cells. Brain Res Bull 2018; 146:1-6. [PMID: 30521940 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reticulons (RTNs) are a group of membrane-bound proteins that are dominantly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). RTN1-C, one isoform of RTNs highly expressed in the brain, has been shown to mediate neuronal injury in cerebral ischemia models. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of RTN1-C in an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease (PD) mimicked by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) treatment in SN4741 cells. We found that MPP+ significantly increased the expression of RTN1-C, with no effect on RTN1-A and RTN1-B. Downregulation of RTN1-C using siRNA (Si-RTN1-C) markedly increased cell viability and inhibited apoptosis induced by MPP+ treatment. The results of western blot showed that downregulation of RTN1-C inhibited the surface expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) but had no effect on mGluR1. The protective effects of Si-RTN1-C were partially prevented by activating mGluR5, not mGluR1. In addition, the results of Ca2+ imaging showed that downregulation of RTN1-C attenuated intracellular Ca2+ release induced by MPP+, which could be nullified by activation of mGluR5 pathway. In conclusion, our data suggest that downregulation of RTN1-C protects SN4741 cells against MPP+ through mGluR5-mediated preservation of Ca2+ homeostasis. Therefore, RTN1-C might represent a therapeutic target for the treatment of neuronal injury in experimental PD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Chang
- Department of Encephalopathy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710003, China
| | - Xiao-Le Zhang
- Department of Encephalopathy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710003, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of Encephalopathy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710003, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Encephalopathy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710003, China.
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156
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Crowley EK, Nolan YM, Sullivan AM. Exercise as a therapeutic intervention for motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: Evidence from rodent models. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 172:2-22. [PMID: 30481560 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterised by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway, which leads to the cardinal motor symptoms of the disease - tremor, rigidity and postural instability. A number of non-motor symptoms are also associated with PD, including cognitive impairment, mood disturbances and dysfunction of gastrointestinal and autonomic systems. Current therapies provide symptomatic relief but do not halt the disease process, so there is an urgent need for preventative strategies. Lifestyle interventions such as aerobic exercise have shown potential to lower the risk of developing PD and to alleviate both motor and non-motor symptoms. However, there is a lack of large-scale randomised clinical trials that have employed exercise in PD patients. This review will focus on the evidence from studies on rodent models of PD, for employing exercise as an intervention for both motor and non-motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Crowley
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Y M Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - A M Sullivan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland.
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