151
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Leung T, Babbitt C, O'Brien K. Severe Hypernatremia and Failure to Thrive. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2016; 55:1085-7. [PMID: 27554767 DOI: 10.1177/0009922816664069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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152
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Guo WH, Li Q, Wei HY, Lu HY, Qu HQ, Zhu M. A novel AVPR2 gene mutation of X-linked congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in an Asian pedigree. J Int Med Res 2016; 44:1131-1137. [PMID: 27565746 PMCID: PMC5536559 DOI: 10.1177/0300060516655642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyuria and polydipsia are the characteristics of congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (CNDI). Approximately 90% of all patients with CNDI have X-linked hereditary disease, which is due to a mutation of the arginine vasopressin receptor 2 (AVPR2) gene. This case report describes a 54-year-old male with polyuria and polydipsia and several male members of his pedigree who had the same symptoms. The proband was diagnosed with diabetes insipidus using a water-deprivation and arginine vasopressin stimulation test. Genomic DNA from the patient and his family members was extracted and the AVPR2 gene was sequenced. A novel missense mutation of a cytosine to guanine transition at position 972 (c.972C > G) was found, which resulted in the substitution of isoleucine for methionine at amino acid position 324 (p.I324M) in the seventh transmembrane domain of the protein. The proband’s mother and daughter were heterozygous for this mutation. The novel mutation of the AVPR2 gene further broadens the phenotypic spectrum of the AVPR2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hong Guo
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Li
- 2 Department of General Surgery, Tianjin HaiHe Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-Yan Wei
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-Yan Lu
- 3 Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui-Qi Qu
- 4 Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mei Zhu
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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153
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Makita N, Sato T, Yajima-Shoji Y, Sato J, Manaka K, Eda-Hashimoto M, Ootaki M, Matsumoto N, Nangaku M, Iiri T. Analysis of the V2 Vasopressin Receptor (V2R) Mutations Causing Partial Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Highlights a Sustainable Signaling by a Non-peptide V2R Agonist. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:22460-22471. [PMID: 27601473 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.733220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease-causing mutations in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) genes, including the V2 vasopressin receptor (V2R) gene, often cause misfolded receptors, leading to a defect in plasma membrane trafficking. A novel V2R mutation, T273M, identified in a boy with partial nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), shows intracellular localization and partial defects similar to the two mutants we described previously (10). Although non-peptide V2R antagonists have been shown to rescue the membrane localization of V2R mutants, their level of functional rescue is weak. Interestingly, it has been reported that a non-peptide agonist, OPC51803, activates misfolded V2R mutants intracellularly without degradation, thus potentially serving as a therapeutic agent against NDI (14). In our current experiments, however, a peptide antagonist blocked arginine vasopressin (AVP)- or OPC51803-stimulated cAMP accumulation both in COS-7 and MDCK cells, suggesting that OPC51803 mainly stimulates cell surface V2R mutants. In addition, our analyses revealed that OPC51803 works not only as a non-peptide agonist that causes activation/β-arrestin-dependent desensitization of V2R mutants expressed at the plasma membrane but also as a pharmacochaperone that promotes the endoplasmic reticulum-retained mutant maturation and trafficking to the plasma membrane. The ratio of the pharmacochaperone effect to the desensitization effect likely correlates negatively with the residual function of the tested mutants, suggesting that OPC5 has a more favorable effect on the V2R mutants with a less residual function. We speculated that the canceling of the desensitization effect of OPC51803 by the pharmacochaperone effect after long-term treatment may produce sustainable signaling, and thus pharmacochaperone agonists such as OPC51803 may serve as promising therapeutics for NDI caused by misfolded V2R mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Makita
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan,
| | - Tomohiko Sato
- the Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, 036-8562 Japan, and
| | - Yuki Yajima-Shoji
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Junichiro Sato
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Katsunori Manaka
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Makiko Eda-Hashimoto
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masanori Ootaki
- the Department of Pharmacology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsumoto
- the Department of Pharmacology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Taroh Iiri
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, .,the Department of Pharmacology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
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154
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Abstract
Nocturia is an extremely common condition that has major sequelae for affected patients. Through disruption of sleep, nocturia impairs quality of life and worsens health outcomes, and is associated with a variety of morbidities including diabetes, coronary artery disease, obstructive sleep apnoea, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and depression. Unsurprisingly, several studies have also linked nocturia with reduced survival. Nocturia is not simply a consequence of lower urinary tract disease; rather, it is a multifactorial disorder that is often a manifestation of an underlying renal or systemic disease. Through the use of the frequency volume chart, clinicians can accurately quantify nocturia and determine its aetiology. Evaluation of quality of life and sleep using simple measures is essential in order to assess the impact of nocturia on a patient. Numerous treatment options for nocturia exist, but most are associated with minor benefit or lack sufficient evidence supporting their use. By systematically analysing an individual's causes of nocturia, clinicians can design appropriate treatment strategies to most effectively treat this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Dani
- Department of Urology, SUNY Downstate College of Medicine, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11226, USA
| | - Ashanda Esdaille
- Department of Urology, SUNY Downstate College of Medicine, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11226, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Weiss
- Department of Urology, SUNY Downstate College of Medicine, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11226, USA
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155
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Namkung Y, Le Gouill C, Lukashova V, Kobayashi H, Hogue M, Khoury E, Song M, Bouvier M, Laporte SA. Monitoring G protein-coupled receptor and β-arrestin trafficking in live cells using enhanced bystander BRET. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12178. [PMID: 27397672 PMCID: PMC4942582 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of receptors are pivotal to maintain physiological functions and drug action; however, robust quantitative approaches are lacking to study such processes in live cells. Here we present new bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) sensors to quantitatively monitor G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and β-arrestin trafficking. These sensors are based on bystander BRET and use the naturally interacting chromophores luciferase (RLuc) and green fluorescent protein (rGFP) from Renilla. The versatility and robustness of this approach are exemplified by anchoring rGFP at the plasma membrane or in endosomes to generate high dynamic spectrometric BRET signals on ligand-promoted recruitment or sequestration of RLuc-tagged proteins to, or from, specific cell compartments, as well as sensitive subcellular BRET imaging for protein translocation visualization. These sensors are scalable to high-throughput formats and allow quantitative pharmacological studies of GPCR trafficking in real time, in live cells, revealing ligand-dependent biased trafficking of receptor/β-arrestin complexes. Cellular signaling processes often involve trafficking of receptors and other proteins between subcellular compartments. Here the authors demonstrate a method based on the concept of Enhanced bystander Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (EbBRET) that allows efficient real time monitoring of endocytosis and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Namkung
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4A 3J1
| | - Christian Le Gouill
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 1J4
| | - Viktoria Lukashova
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 1J4
| | - Hiroyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 1J4
| | - Mireille Hogue
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 1J4
| | - Etienne Khoury
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4A 3J1
| | - Mideum Song
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4A 3J1
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 1J4
| | - Stéphane A Laporte
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4A 3J1.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3G 1Y6.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 0C7
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156
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Marx-Berger D, Milford DV, Bandhakavi M, van't Hoff W, Kleta R, Dattani M, Bockenhauer D. Tolvaptan is successful in treating inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in infants. Acta Paediatr 2016; 105:e334-7. [PMID: 27028950 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Using fluid restriction to treat the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) in infants is potentially hazardous, as fluid intake and caloric intake are connected. Antagonists for the type 2 vasopressin receptor have demonstrated efficacy in adult patients with SIADH, but evidence in children is lacking. We reviewed our experience from two cases in the UK. METHODS This was a retrospective review of the clinical data on two patients diagnosed with SIADH in infancy and treated with tolvaptan, an oral vasopressin receptor antagonist. RESULTS Persistent hyponatraemia was noted in both patients in the first month of life and eventually led to SIADH diagnoses. Initial salt supplementation in one patient resulted in severe hypertension, treated with four antihypertensive drugs. Tolvaptan was commenced at two and four months of age, respectively, and was associated with normalisation of plasma sodium values and blood pressure without the need for antihypertensive treatment. There was transient hypernatraemia in one patient, which was normalised with a dose reduction. Tolvaptan was administered by crushing the tablet and mixing it with water. CONCLUSION Tolvaptan provided effective treatment for SIADH in both infants and could be administered orally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Marx-Berger
- Department of Paediatrics; Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland; St. Gallen Switzerland
| | - David V Milford
- Department of Nephrology; Birmingham Children's Hospital; Birmingham UK
| | - Meenakshi Bandhakavi
- Department of Paediatrics; Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust; Birmingham UK
| | - William van't Hoff
- Renal Unit; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - Robert Kleta
- Renal Unit; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
- UCL Centre for Nephrology; London UK
| | - Mehul Dattani
- Endocrine Unit; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - Detlef Bockenhauer
- Renal Unit; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
- UCL Centre for Nephrology; London UK
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157
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Berghuis B, de Haan GJ, van den Broek MPH, Sander JW, Lindhout D, Koeleman BPC. Epidemiology, pathophysiology and putative genetic basis of carbamazepine- and oxcarbazepine-induced hyponatremia. Eur J Neurol 2016; 23:1393-9. [PMID: 27333872 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of carbamazepine (CBZ) and oxcarbazepine (OXC) as first-line antiepileptic drugs in the treatment of focal epilepsy is limited by hyponatremia, a known adverse effect. Hyponatremia occurs in up to half of people taking CBZ or OXC and, although often assumed to be asymptomatic, it can lead to symptoms ranging from unsteadiness and mild confusion to seizures and coma. Hyponatremia is probably due to the antidiuretic properties of CBZ and OXC that are, at least partly, explained by stimulation of the vasopressin 2 receptor/aquaporin 2 pathway. No known genetic risk variants for CBZ- and OXC-induced hyponatremia exist, but likely candidate genes are part of the vasopressin water reabsorption pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Berghuis
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - G-J de Haan
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - M P H van den Broek
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J W Sander
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Zwolle, The Netherlands.,UCL Institute of Neurology, NIHR UCL Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - D Lindhout
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Zwolle, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B P C Koeleman
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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158
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Mutig K, Borowski T, Boldt C, Borschewski A, Paliege A, Popova E, Bader M, Bachmann S. Demonstration of the functional impact of vasopressin signaling in the thick ascending limb by a targeted transgenic rat approach. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F411-23. [PMID: 27306979 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00126.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The antidiuretic hormone vasopressin (AVP) regulates renal salt and water reabsorption along the distal nephron and collecting duct system. These effects are mediated by vasopressin 2 receptors (V2R) and release of intracellular Gs-mediated cAMP to activate epithelial transport proteins. Inactivating mutations in the V2R gene lead to the X-linked form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), which has chiefly been related with impaired aquaporin 2-mediated water reabsorption in the collecting ducts. Previous work also suggested the AVP-V2R-mediated activation of Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-)-cotransporters (NKCC2) along the thick ascending limb (TAL) in the context of urine concentration, but its individual contribution to NDI or, more generally, to overall renal function was unclear. We hypothesized that V2R-mediated effects in TAL essentially determine its reabsorptive function. To test this, we reevaluated V2R expression. Basolateral membranes of medullary and cortical TAL were clearly stained, whereas cells of the macula densa were unreactive. A dominant-negative, NDI-causing truncated V2R mutant (Ni3-Glu242stop) was then introduced into the rat genome under control of the Tamm-Horsfall protein promoter to cause a tissue-specific AVP-signaling defect exclusively in TAL. Resulting Ni3-V2R transgenic rats revealed decreased basolateral but increased intracellular V2R signal in TAL epithelia, suggesting impaired trafficking of the receptor. Rats displayed significant baseline polyuria, failure to concentrate the urine in response to water deprivation, and hypercalciuria. NKCC2 abundance, phosphorylation, and surface expression were markedly decreased. In summary, these data indicate that suppression of AVP-V2R signaling in TAL causes major impairment in renal fluid and electrolyte handling. Our results may have clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerim Mutig
- Department of Anatomy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Tordis Borowski
- Department of Anatomy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Christin Boldt
- Department of Anatomy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Aljona Borschewski
- Department of Anatomy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Alexander Paliege
- Department of Anatomy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Elena Popova
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bachmann
- Department of Anatomy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; and
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159
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Chanson P, Salenave S. Diabetes insipidus and pregnancy. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2016; 77:135-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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160
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Procino G, Carmosino M, Milano S, Dal Monte M, Schena G, Mastrodonato M, Gerbino A, Bagnoli P, Svelto M. β3 adrenergic receptor in the kidney may be a new player in sympathetic regulation of renal function. Kidney Int 2016; 90:555-67. [PMID: 27206969 PMCID: PMC4996630 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To date, the study of the sympathetic regulation of renal function has been restricted to the important contribution of β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors (ARs). Here we investigate the expression and the possible physiologic role of β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) in mouse kidney. The β3-AR is expressed in most of the nephron segments that also express the type 2 vasopressin receptor (AVPR2), including the thick ascending limb and the cortical and outer medullary collecting duct. Ex vivo experiments in mouse kidney tubules showed that β3-AR stimulation with the selective agonist BRL37344 increased intracellular cAMP levels and promoted 2 key processes in the urine concentrating mechanism. These are accumulation of the water channel aquaporin 2 at the apical plasma membrane in the collecting duct and activation of the Na-K-2Cl symporter in the thick ascending limb. Both effects were prevented by the β3-AR antagonist L748,337 or by the protein kinase A inhibitor H89. Interestingly, genetic inactivation of β3-AR in mice was associated with significantly increased urine excretion of water, sodium, potassium, and chloride. Stimulation of β3-AR significantly reduced urine excretion of water and the same electrolytes. Moreover, BRL37344 promoted a potent antidiuretic effect in AVPR2-null mice. Thus, our findings are of potential physiologic importance as they uncover the antidiuretic effect of β3-AR stimulation in the kidney. Hence, β3-AR agonism might be useful to bypass AVPR2-inactivating mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Procino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
| | - Monica Carmosino
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Serena Milano
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Giorgia Schena
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Gerbino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Bagnoli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Svelto
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy; Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, National Research Council, Bari, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Rome, Italy
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161
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Bichet DG, Rice L, Levallois-Gignac J. A need for a systematic genetic evaluation of hereditary polyuric patients. Clin Kidney J 2016; 9:177-9. [PMID: 26985365 PMCID: PMC4792633 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfw006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G. Bichet
- Department of Medicine and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Montreal, and Service de Néphrologie, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lawrence Rice
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston TX, USA
| | - Jasmin Levallois-Gignac
- Division of Nephrology, Dr Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
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162
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Weiner ID. New insights into the molecular regulation of urine concentration. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F184-5. [PMID: 27029426 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00161.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I David Weiner
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College Of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and Nephrology and Hypertension Section, Gainesville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
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163
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Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a 13 member family (AQP0-12) of proteins that act as channels, through which water and, for some family members, glycerol, urea and other small solutes can be transported. Aquaporins are highly abundant in kidney epithelial cells where they play a critical role with respect to water balance. In this review we summarize the current knowledge with respect to the localization and function of AQPs within the kidney tubule, and their role in mammalian water homeostasis and the water balance disorders. Overviews of practical aspects with regard to differential diagnosis for some of these disorders, alongside treatment strategies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne B Moeller
- Department of Biomedicine and Center for Interactions of Proteins in Epithelial Transport, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Cecilia H Fuglsang
- Department of Biomedicine and Center for Interactions of Proteins in Epithelial Transport, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Robert A Fenton
- Department of Biomedicine and Center for Interactions of Proteins in Epithelial Transport, Aarhus University, Denmark.
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164
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Bichet DG, Bockenhauer D. Genetic forms of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI): Vasopressin receptor defect (X-linked) and aquaporin defect (autosomal recessive and dominant). Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 30:263-76. [PMID: 27156763 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), which can be inherited or acquired, is characterized by an inability to concentrate urine despite normal or elevated plasma concentrations of the antidiuretic hormone, arginine vasopressin (AVP). Polyuria with hyposthenuria and polydipsia are the cardinal clinical manifestations of the disease. About 90% of patients with congenital NDI are males with X-linked NDI who have mutations in the vasopressin V2 receptor (AVPR2) gene encoding the vasopressin V2 receptor. In less than 10% of the families studied, congenital NDI has an autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with mutations in the aquaporin-2 (AQP2) gene. When studied in vitro, most AVPR2 and AQP2 mutations lead to proteins trapped in the endoplasmic reticulum and are unable to reach the plasma membrane. Prior knowledge of AVPR2 or AQP2 mutations in NDI families and perinatal mutation testing is of direct clinical value and can avert the physical and mental retardation associated with repeated episodes of dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Bichet
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Canada; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Université de Montréal, Canada; Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, 5400 Boul. Gouin Ouest, Montréal, QC, Canada H4J 1C5.
| | - Detlef Bockenhauer
- UCL Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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165
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Vukićević T, Schulz M, Faust D, Klussmann E. The Trafficking of the Water Channel Aquaporin-2 in Renal Principal Cells-a Potential Target for Pharmacological Intervention in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:23. [PMID: 26903868 PMCID: PMC4749865 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) stimulates the redistribution of water channels, aquaporin-2 (AQP2) from intracellular vesicles into the plasma membrane of renal collecting duct principal cells. By this AVP directs 10% of the water reabsorption from the 170 L of primary urine that the human kidneys produce each day. This review discusses molecular mechanisms underlying the AVP-induced redistribution of AQP2; in particular, it provides an overview over the proteins participating in the control of its localization. Defects preventing the insertion of AQP2 into the plasma membrane cause diabetes insipidus. The disease can be acquired or inherited, and is characterized by polyuria and polydipsia. Vice versa, up-regulation of the system causing a predominant localization of AQP2 in the plasma membrane leads to excessive water retention and hyponatremia as in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), late stage heart failure or liver cirrhosis. This article briefly summarizes the currently available pharmacotherapies for the treatment of such water balance disorders, and discusses the value of newly identified mechanisms controlling AQP2 for developing novel pharmacological strategies. Innovative concepts for the therapy of water balance disorders are required as there is a medical need due to the lack of causal treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Vukićević
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association Berlin, Germany
| | - Maike Schulz
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association Berlin, Germany
| | - Dörte Faust
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association Berlin, Germany
| | - Enno Klussmann
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlin, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular ResearchBerlin, Germany
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166
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Kalra S, Zargar AH, Jain SM, Sethi B, Chowdhury S, Singh AK, Thomas N, Unnikrishnan AG, Thakkar PB, Malve H. Diabetes insipidus: The other diabetes. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2016; 20:9-21. [PMID: 26904464 PMCID: PMC4743391 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.172273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a hereditary or acquired condition which disrupts normal life of persons with the condition; disruption is due to increased thirst and passing of large volumes of urine, even at night. A systematic search of literature for DI was carried out using the PubMed database for the purpose of this review. Central DI due to impaired secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP) could result from traumatic brain injury, surgery, or tumors whereas nephrogenic DI due to failure of the kidney to respond to AVP is usually inherited. The earliest treatment was posterior pituitary extracts containing vasopressin and oxytocin. The synthetic analog of vasopressin, desmopressin has several benefits over vasopressin. Desmopressin was initially available as intranasal preparation, but now the oral tablet and melt formulations have gained significance, with benefits such as ease of administration and stability at room temperature. Other molecules used for treatment include chlorpropamide, carbamazepine, thiazide diuretics, indapamide, clofibrate, indomethacin, and amiloride. However, desmopressin remains the most widely used drug for the treatment of DI. This review covers the physiology of water balance, causes of DI and various treatment modalities available, with a special focus on desmopressin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kalra
- Bharti Hospital and BRIDE, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Abdul Hamid Zargar
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sunil M. Jain
- Managing Director, TOTALL Diabetes Hormone Institute, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Bipin Sethi
- Consultant Endocrinologist, CARE Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Subhankar Chowdhury
- Department of Endocrinology, IPGMER and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar Singh
- GD Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Sun Valley Diabetes and Endocrine Research Centre, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Nihal Thomas
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Vice-Principal (Research), Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Harshad Malve
- Lead Medical, Asia Pacific region, Ferring Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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167
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Wong T, Laing C, Ekong R, Povey S, Unwin RJ. Persistent severe polyuria after renal transplant. Clin Kidney J 2015; 9:180-3. [PMID: 26985366 PMCID: PMC4792610 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfv100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydipsia and polyuria are common symptoms in patients with diabetes insipidus (DI), which can be due to inadequate vasopressin production (cranial DI) or vasopressin insensitivity (nephrogenic DI). Clinical diagnosis of the subtypes of DI can be tricky. We present a 44-year-old man with a strong family history of DI who had been diagnosed with autosomal dominant nephrogenic DI from infancy. At the age of 40, he had progressed to end-stage renal failure. When he experienced unresolving severe polyuria after renal transplant, further investigations revealed that he was misdiagnosed and that he had a novel mutation causing autosomal dominant cranial DI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris Laing
- UCL Centre for Nephrology , Royal Free Hospital , London , UK
| | - Rosemary Ekong
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment , UCL , London , UK
| | - Sue Povey
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment , UCL , London , UK
| | - Robert J Unwin
- Division of Medicine , University College London , London , UK
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168
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Kitchen P, Day RE, Salman MM, Conner MT, Bill RM, Conner AC. Beyond water homeostasis: Diverse functional roles of mammalian aquaporins. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:2410-21. [PMID: 26365508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aquaporin (AQP) water channels are best known as passive transporters of water that are vital for water homeostasis. SCOPE OF REVIEW AQP knockout studies in whole animals and cultured cells, along with naturally occurring human mutations suggest that the transport of neutral solutes through AQPs has important physiological roles. Emerging biophysical evidence suggests that AQPs may also facilitate gas (CO2) and cation transport. AQPs may be involved in cell signalling for volume regulation and controlling the subcellular localization of other proteins by forming macromolecular complexes. This review examines the evidence for these diverse functions of AQPs as well their physiological relevance. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS As well as being crucial for water homeostasis, AQPs are involved in physiologically important transport of molecules other than water, regulation of surface expression of other membrane proteins, cell adhesion, and signalling in cell volume regulation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Elucidating the full range of functional roles of AQPs beyond the passive conduction of water will improve our understanding of mammalian physiology in health and disease. The functional variety of AQPs makes them an exciting drug target and could provide routes to a range of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Kitchen
- Molecular Organisation and Assembly in Cells Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Rebecca E Day
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK
| | - Mootaz M Salman
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK
| | - Matthew T Conner
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK
| | - Roslyn M Bill
- School of Life & Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Alex C Conner
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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