151
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Nanostructured Dihydroartemisinin Plus Epirubicin Liposomes Enhance Treatment Efficacy of Breast Cancer by Inducing Autophagy and Apoptosis. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8100804. [PMID: 30304783 PMCID: PMC6215314 DOI: 10.3390/nano8100804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of breast cancer and the development of drug resistance are the relapse reasons of disease after chemotherapy. To address this issue, a combined therapeutic strategy was developed by building the nanostructured dihydroartemisinin plus epirubicin liposomes. Investigations were performed on human breast cancer cells in vitro and xenografts in nude mice. The results indicated that dihydroartemisinin could significantly enhance the efficacy of epirubicin in killing different breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. We found that the combined use of dihydroartemisinin with epirubicin could efficiently inhibit the activity of Bcl-2, facilitate release of Beclin 1, and further activate Bax. Besides, Bax activated apoptosis which led to the type I programmed death of breast cancer cells while Beclin 1 initiated the excessive autophagy that resulted in the type II programmed death of breast cancer cells. In addition, the nanostructured dihydroartemisinin plus epirubicin liposomes prolonged circulation of drugs, and were beneficial for simultaneously delivering drugs into breast cancer tissues. Hence, the nanostructured dihydroartemisinin plus epirubicin liposomes could provide a new therapeutic strategy for treatment of breast cancer.
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152
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Kosztelnik M, Kurucz A, Papp D, Jones E, Sigmond T, Barna J, Traka MH, Lorincz T, Szarka A, Banhegyi G, Vellai T, Korcsmaros T, Kapuy O. Suppression of AMPK/aak-2 by NRF2/SKN-1 down-regulates autophagy during prolonged oxidative stress. FASEB J 2018; 33:2372-2387. [PMID: 30277819 PMCID: PMC6338645 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800565rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
NF-E2–related factor 2 (NRF2) transcription factor has a fundamental role in cell homeostasis maintenance as one of the master regulators of oxidative and electrophilic stress responses. Previous studies have shown that a regulatory connection exists between NRF2 and autophagy during reactive oxygen species–generated oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to investigate how autophagy is turned off during prolonged oxidative stress, to avoid overeating and destruction of essential cellular components. AMPK is a key cellular energy sensor highly conserved in eukaryotic organisms, and it has an essential role in autophagy activation at various stress events. Here the role of human AMPK and its Caenorhabditis elegans counterpart AAK-2 was explored upon oxidative stress. We investigated the regulatory connection between NRF2 and AMPK during oxidative stress induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) in HEK293T cells and C. elegans. Putative conserved NRF2/protein skinhead-1 binding sites were found in AMPK/aak-2 genes by in silico analysis and were later confirmed experimentally by using EMSA. After addition of TBHP, NRF2 and AMPK showed a quick activation; AMPK was later down-regulated, however, while NRF2 level remained high. Autophagosome formation and Unc-51–like autophagy activating kinase 1 phosphorylation were initially stimulated, but they returned to basal values after 4 h of TBHP treatment. The silencing of NRF2 resulted in a constant activation of AMPK leading to hyperactivation of autophagy during oxidative stress. We observed the same effects in C. elegans demonstrating the conservation of this self-defense mechanism to save cells from hyperactivated autophagy upon prolonged oxidative stress. We conclude that NRF2 negatively regulates autophagy through delayed down-regulation of the expression of AMPK upon prolonged oxidative stress. This regulatory connection between NRF2 and AMPK may have an important role in understanding how autophagy is regulated in chronic human morbidities characterized by oxidative stress, such as neurodegenerative diseases, certain cancer types, and in metabolic diseases.—Kosztelnik, M., Kurucz, A., Papp, D., Jones, E., Sigmond, T., Barna, J., Traka, M. H., Lorincz, T., Szarka, A., Banhegyi, G., Vellai, T., Korcsmaros, T., Kapuy, O. Suppression of AMPK/aak-2 by NRF2/SKN-1 down-regulates autophagy during prolonged oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anita Kurucz
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Diana Papp
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emily Jones
- Gut Health and Microbes, Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Earlham Institute, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Timea Sigmond
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Janos Barna
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria H Traka
- Food Innovation and Health, Quadram Institute, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Tamas Lorincz
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andras Szarka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabor Banhegyi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Vellai
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamas Korcsmaros
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Gut Health and Microbes, Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Earlham Institute, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Orsolya Kapuy
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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153
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Iachettini S, Trisciuoglio D, Rotili D, Lucidi A, Salvati E, Zizza P, Di Leo L, Del Bufalo D, Ciriolo MR, Leonetti C, Steegborn C, Mai A, Rizzo A, Biroccio A. Pharmacological activation of SIRT6 triggers lethal autophagy in human cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:996. [PMID: 30250025 PMCID: PMC6155207 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is a member of the NAD+-dependent class III deacetylase sirtuin family, which plays a key role in cancer by controlling transcription, genome stability, telomere integrity, DNA repair, and autophagy. Here we analyzed the molecular and biological effects of UBCS039, the first synthetic SIRT6 activator. Our data demonstrated that UBCS039 induced a time-dependent activation of autophagy in several human tumor cell lines, as evaluated by increased content of the lipidated form of LC3B by western blot and of autophagosomal puncta by microscopy analysis of GFP-LC3. UBCS039-mediated activation of autophagy was strictly dependent on SIRT6 deacetylating activity since the catalytic mutant H133Y failed to activate autophagy. At the molecular level, SIRT6-mediated autophagy was triggered by an increase of ROS levels, which, in turn, resulted in the activation of the AMPK-ULK1-mTOR signaling pathway. Interestingly, antioxidants were able to completely counteract UBCS039-induced autophagy, suggesting that ROS burst had a key role in upstream events leading to autophagy commitment. Finally, sustained activation of SIRT6 resulted in autophagy-related cell death, a process that was markedly attenuated using either a pan caspases inhibitor (zVAD-fmk) or an autophagy inhibitor (CQ). Overall, our results identified UBCS039 as an efficient SIRT6 activator, thereby providing a proof of principle that modulation of the enzyme can influence therapeutic strategy by enhancing autophagy-dependent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Iachettini
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Trisciuoglio
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR National Research Council, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Lucidi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Erica Salvati
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Zizza
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Di Leo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Leonetti
- SAFU, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Clemens Steegborn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Rizzo
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Biroccio
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
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154
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Loperamide, pimozide, and STF-62247 trigger autophagy-dependent cell death in glioblastoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:994. [PMID: 30250198 PMCID: PMC6155211 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a well-described degradation mechanism that promotes cell survival upon nutrient starvation and other forms of cellular stresses. In addition, there is growing evidence showing that autophagy can exert a lethal function via autophagic cell death (ACD). As ACD has been implicated in apoptosis-resistant glioblastoma (GBM), there is a high medical need for identifying novel ACD-inducing drugs. Therefore, we screened a library containing 70 autophagy-inducing compounds to induce ATG5-dependent cell death in human MZ-54 GBM cells. Here, we identified three compounds, i.e. loperamide, pimozide, and STF-62247 that significantly induce cell death in several GBM cell lines compared to CRISPR/Cas9-generated ATG5- or ATG7-deficient cells, pointing to a death-promoting role of autophagy. Further cell death analyses conducted using pharmacological inhibitors revealed that apoptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis only play minor roles in loperamide-, pimozide- or STF-62247-induced cell death. Intriguingly, these three compounds induce massive lipidation of the autophagy marker protein LC3B as well as the formation of LC3B puncta, which are characteristic of autophagy. Furthermore, loperamide, pimozide, and STF-62247 enhance the autophagic flux in parental MZ-54 cells, but not in ATG5 or ATG7 knockout (KO) MZ-54 cells. In addition, loperamide- and pimozide-treated cells display a massive formation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes at the ultrastructural level. Finally, stimulation of autophagy by all three compounds is accompanied by dephosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a well-known negative regulator of autophagy. In summary, our results indicate that loperamide, pimozide, and STF-62247 induce ATG5- and ATG7-dependent cell death in GBM cells, which is preceded by a massive induction of autophagy. These findings emphasize the lethal function and potential clinical relevance of hyperactivated autophagy in GBM.
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155
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Bialik S, Dasari SK, Kimchi A. Autophagy-dependent cell death – where, how and why a cell eats itself to death. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:131/18/jcs215152. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.215152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Autophagy as a means of cell killing was first advanced by Clark's phenotypic description of ‘Type II autophagic cell death’ in 1990. However, this phenomenon later came into question, because the presence of autophagosomes in dying cells does not necessarily signify that autophagy is the cause of demise, but rather may reflect the efforts of the cell to prevent it. Resolution of this issue comes from a more careful definition of autophagy-dependent cell death (ADCD) as a regulated cell death that is shown experimentally to require different components of the autophagy machinery without involvement of alternative cell death pathways. Following these strict criteria, ADCD has been validated in both lower model organisms and mammalian cells, highlighting its importance for developmental and pathophysiological cell death. Recently, researchers have defined additional morphological criteria that characterize ADCD and begun to explore how the established, well-studied autophagy pathway is subverted from a survival to a death function. This Review explores validated models of ADCD and focuses on the current understanding of the mechanisms by which autophagy can kill a cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Bialik
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Santosh K. Dasari
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Adi Kimchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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156
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Abstract
Autophagy influences cell survival through maintenance of cell bioenergetics and clearance of protein aggregates and damaged organelles. Several lines of evidence indicate that autophagy is a multifaceted regulator of cell death, but controversy exists over whether autophagy alone can drive cell death under physiologically relevant circumstances. Here, we review the role of autophagy in cell death and examine how autophagy interfaces with other forms of cell death including apoptosis and necrosis.
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157
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Pang L, Liu K. Tumor-suppressing effects of autophagy on hepatocellular carcinoma. LIVER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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158
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Yin XM. Autophagy in liver diseases: A matter of what to remove and whether to keep. LIVER RESEARCH 2018; 2:109-111. [PMID: 32042470 PMCID: PMC7010265 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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159
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Descloux C, Ginet V, Rummel C, Truttmann AC, Puyal J. Enhanced autophagy contributes to excitotoxic lesions in a rat model of preterm brain injury. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:853. [PMID: 30154458 PMCID: PMC6113308 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cystic periventricular leukomalacia is commonly diagnosed in premature infants, resulting from severe hypoxic-ischemic white matter injury, and also involving some grey matter damage. Very few is known concerning the cell death pathways involved in these types of premature cerebral lesions. Excitotoxicity is a predominant mechanism of hypoxic-ischemic injury in the developing brain. Concomitantly, it has been recently shown that autophagy could be enhanced in excitotoxic conditions switching this physiological intracellular degradation system to a deleterious process. We here investigated the role of autophagy in a validated rodent model of preterm excitotoxic brain damage mimicking in some aspects cystic periventricular leukomalacia. An excitotoxic lesion affecting periventricular white and grey matter was induced by injecting ibotenate, a glutamate analogue, in the subcortical white matter (subcingulum area) of five-day old rat pups. Ibotenate enhanced autophagy in rat brain dying neurons at 24 h as shown by increased presence of autophagosomes (increased LC3-II and LC3-positive dots) and enhanced autophagic degradation (SQSTM1 reduction and increased number and size of lysosomes (LAMP1- and CATHEPSIN B-positive vesicles)). Co-injection of the pharmacological autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine prevented not only autophagy induction but also CASPASE-3 activation and calpain-dependent cleavage of SPECTRIN 24 h after the insult, thus providing a strong reduction of the long term brain injury (16 days after ibotenate injection) including lateral ventricle dilatation, decreases in cerebral tissue volume and in subcortical white matter thickness. The autophagy-dependent neuroprotective effect of 3-methyladenine was confirmed in primary cortical neuronal cultures using not only pharmacological but also genetic autophagy inhibition of the ibotenate-induced autophagy. Strategies inhibiting autophagy could then represent a promising neuroprotective approach in the context of severe preterm brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Descloux
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Ginet
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Coralie Rummel
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anita C Truttmann
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Julien Puyal
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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160
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Bursch W. A cell's agony of choice: how to cross the Styx? : From morphological to molecular approaches to disclose its decision. Wien Med Wochenschr 2018; 168:300-306. [PMID: 30141112 PMCID: PMC6132567 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-018-0652-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The original “apoptosis–necrosis” concept was based on morphology and (patho)physiological conditions of the occurrence of cell death: (1) apoptosis, with nuclear and cytoplasmic condensation/fragmentation prominent, exclusion of autolysis, considered to result from coordinated self-destruction of a cell; (2) necrosis, with cell lysis prominent, caused by violent environmental perturbation leading to collapse of internal homeostasis. This suggestion initiated a controversial discussion within the scientific community and it soon became clear that the “apoptosis–necrosis dichotomy” was not generally applicable. Nowadays, there is sufficient evidence that cells may activate diverse suicide pathways, thereby allowing a flexible response to environmental changes, either physiological or pathological. The present paper commemorates electron microscopic and cytochemical studies on cell death of cultured human mammary carcinoma cells performed by Adi Ellinger, adding a significant contribution to recognize that autophagy can be involved in regulated cell death, thereby challenging the apoptosis–necrosis dichotomy still predominant in the 1990s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Bursch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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161
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Xu X, Wang S, Chang Y, Ge C, Li X, Feng Y, Xie S, Wang C, Dai F, Luo W. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel asymmetric naphthalene diimide derivatives as anticancer agents depending on ROS generation. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1377-1385. [PMID: 30151093 PMCID: PMC6097020 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00265g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide (NDI) is widely used as a photoelectric material in the field of medicine. A series of asymmetric naphthalene diimide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer properties by various experimental assays. As the representative compound, 3c exerted significantly greater inhibitory effects on hepatoma cells SMMC-7721 and Hep G2 with an IC50 value of 1.48 ± 0.43 μM and 1.70 ± 0.53 μM, respectively, than normal hepatocytes QSG-7701 with an IC50 value of 7.11 ± 0.08 μM. Treatment with compound 3c (3 μM) for 48 h resulted in apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells and Hep G2 cells with 52.1% and 67.8% apoptotic cells, respectively. Compound 3c induced autophagy and suppressed the migration of hepatoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner, resulting from the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Based on its biological ability, compound 3c was considered as a potent anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Xu
- Key Lab of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China . ;
- Pharmaceutical College , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Senzhen Wang
- Key Lab of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China . ;
| | - Yuan Chang
- Key Lab of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China . ;
| | - Chaochao Ge
- Key Lab of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China . ;
| | - Xinna Li
- Key Lab of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China . ;
| | - Yongli Feng
- Key Lab of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China . ;
| | - Songqiang Xie
- Institute of Chemical Biology , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Chaojie Wang
- Key Lab of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China . ;
| | - Fujun Dai
- Key Lab of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China . ;
| | - Wen Luo
- Key Lab of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China . ;
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162
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Meyer N, Zielke S, Michaelis JB, Linder B, Warnsmann V, Rakel S, Osiewacz HD, Fulda S, Mittelbronn M, Münch C, Behrends C, Kögel D. AT 101 induces early mitochondrial dysfunction and HMOX1 (heme oxygenase 1) to trigger mitophagic cell death in glioma cells. Autophagy 2018; 14:1693-1709. [PMID: 29938581 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1476812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In most cases, macroautophagy/autophagy serves to alleviate cellular stress and acts in a pro-survival manner. However, the effects of autophagy are highly contextual, and autophagic cell death (ACD) is emerging as an alternative paradigm of (stress- and drug-induced) cell demise. AT 101 ([-]-gossypol), a natural compound from cotton seeds, induces ACD in glioma cells as confirmed here by CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of ATG5 that partially, but significantly rescued cell survival following AT 101 treatment. Global proteomic analysis of AT 101-treated U87MG and U343 glioma cells revealed a robust decrease in mitochondrial protein clusters, whereas HMOX1 (heme oxygenase 1) was strongly upregulated. AT 101 rapidly triggered mitochondrial membrane depolarization, engulfment of mitochondria within autophagosomes and a significant reduction of mitochondrial mass and proteins that did not depend on the presence of BAX and BAK1. Conversely, AT 101-induced reduction of mitochondrial mass could be reversed by inhibiting autophagy with wortmannin, bafilomycin A1 and chloroquine. Silencing of HMOX1 and the mitophagy receptors BNIP3 (BCL2 interacting protein 3) and BNIP3L (BCL2 interacting protein 3 like) significantly attenuated AT 101-dependent mitophagy and cell death. Collectively, these data suggest that early mitochondrial dysfunction and HMOX1 overactivation synergize to trigger lethal mitophagy, which contributes to the cell killing effects of AT 101 in glioma cells. ABBREVIATIONS ACD, autophagic cell death; ACN, acetonitrile; AT 101, (-)-gossypol; BAF, bafilomycin A1; BAK1, BCL2-antagonist/killer 1; BAX, BCL2-associated X protein; BH3, BCL2 homology region 3; BNIP3, BCL2 interacting protein 3; BNIP3L, BCL2 interacting protein 3 like; BP, Biological Process; CCCP, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone; CC, Cellular Component; Con, control; CQ, chloroquine; CRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium; DTT, 1,4-dithiothreitol; EM, electron microscopy; ER, endoplasmatic reticulum; FACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorting; FBS, fetal bovine serum; FCCP, carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone; GO, Gene Ontology; HAcO, acetic acid; HMOX1, heme oxygenase 1; DKO, double knockout; LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry; LPL, lipoprotein lipase, MEFs, mouse embryonic fibroblasts; mPTP, mitochondrial permeability transition pore; MTG, MitoTracker Green FM; mt-mKeima, mito-mKeima; MT-ND1, mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 1; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PI, propidium iodide; PRKN, parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate; SQSTM1/p62, sequestome 1; STS, staurosporine; sgRNA, single guide RNA; SILAC, stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture; TFA, trifluoroacetic acid, TMRM, tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester perchlorate; WM, wortmannin; WT, wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Meyer
- a Experimental Neurosurgery , Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main , Germany
| | - Svenja Zielke
- b Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics , Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main , Germany
| | - Jonas B Michaelis
- c Institute of Biochemistry II , Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main , Germany
| | - Benedikt Linder
- a Experimental Neurosurgery , Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main , Germany
| | - Verena Warnsmann
- d Institute of Molecular Biosciences , Goethe University Frankfurt/Main , Germany
| | - Stefanie Rakel
- a Experimental Neurosurgery , Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main , Germany
| | - Heinz D Osiewacz
- d Institute of Molecular Biosciences , Goethe University Frankfurt/Main , Germany
| | - Simone Fulda
- b Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics , Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main , Germany.,e University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT) , Frankfurt/Main , Germany.,f German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) , Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main , Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- f German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) , Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main , Germany.,g Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute) , Goethe University Frankfurt/Main , Germany.,h Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology (LCNP) , Luxembourg , Luxembourg.,i Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS) , Dudelange , Luxembourg.,j Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) , University of Luxembourg , Luxembourg , Luxembourg.,k Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) , NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory , Luxembourg , Luxembourg.,l Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology (LCNP) , Dudelange , Luxembourg
| | - Christian Münch
- c Institute of Biochemistry II , Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main , Germany
| | - Christian Behrends
- c Institute of Biochemistry II , Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main , Germany.,m Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Medical Faculty , Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Donat Kögel
- a Experimental Neurosurgery , Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main , Germany.,e University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT) , Frankfurt/Main , Germany
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163
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Skah S, Richartz N, Duthil E, Gilljam KM, Bindesbøll C, Naderi EH, Eriksen AB, Ruud E, Dirdal MM, Simonsen A, Blomhoff HK. cAMP-mediated autophagy inhibits DNA damage-induced death of leukemia cells independent of p53. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30434-30449. [PMID: 30100998 PMCID: PMC6084393 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is important in regulating the balance between cell death and survival, with the tumor suppressor p53 as one of the key components in this interplay. We have previously utilized an in vitro model of the most common form of childhood cancer, B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), to show that activation of the cAMP signaling pathway inhibits p53-mediated apoptosis in response to DNA damage in both cell lines and primary leukemic cells. The present study reveals that cAMP-mediated survival of BCP-ALL cells exposed to DNA damaging agents, involves a critical and p53-independent enhancement of autophagy. Although autophagy generally is regarded as a survival mechanism, DNA damage-induced apoptosis has been linked both to enhanced and reduced levels of autophagy. Here we show that exposure of BCP-ALL cells to irradiation or cytotoxic drugs triggers autophagy and cell death in a p53-dependent manner. Stimulation of the cAMP signaling pathway further augments autophagy and inhibits the DNA damage-induced cell death concomitant with reduced nuclear levels of p53. Knocking-down the levels of p53 reduced the irradiation-induced autophagy and cell death, but had no effect on the cAMP-mediated autophagy. Moreover, prevention of autophagy by bafilomycin A1 or by the ULK-inhibitor MRT68921, diminished the protecting effect of cAMP signaling on DNA damage-induced cell death. Having previously proposed a role of the cAMP signaling pathway in development and treatment of BCP-ALLs, we here suggest that inhibitors of autophagy may improve current DNA damage-based therapy of BCP-ALL - independent of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham Skah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina Richartz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva Duthil
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karin M Gilljam
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian Bindesbøll
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Hallan Naderi
- Department of Oncology, Section for Head and Neck Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Agnete B Eriksen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen Ruud
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marta M Dirdal
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Simonsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi Kiil Blomhoff
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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164
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Zhao HG, Zhou SL, Lin YY, Wang H, Dai HF, Huang FY. Autophagy plays a protective role against apoptosis induced by toxicarioside N via the Akt/mTOR pathway in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells. Arch Pharm Res 2018; 41:986-994. [PMID: 29992400 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-018-1049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toxicarioside N (Tox N), a natural product extract from Antiaris toxicaria, has been reported to induce apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells. However, the mechanism and actual role of autophagy in Tox N-induced apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells remains poorly understood. In the current study, we demonstrated that Tox N could induce autophagy by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in SGC-7901 cells. Moreover, we found that the inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine, an autophagy inhibitor, enhanced Tox N-induced apoptotic cell death. However, the stimulation of autophagy by rapamycin, an autophagy activator, remarkably suppressed Tox N-induced apoptosis, suggesting that autophagy plays a protective role in Tox N-induced apoptosis. Thus, the results from this study suggested that Tox N combination with an autophagy inhibitor might be a promising strategy to enhance the anticancer activity of Tox N for the treatment of human gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Ge Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, China.,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Song-Lin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, China.,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Ying-Ying Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, China.,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, China.,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Hao-Fu Dai
- Institutes of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571199, China.
| | - Feng-Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, China. .,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, China.
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165
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Kang Y, He P, Wang H, Ye Y, Li X, Xie P, Wu B. Brazilin induces FOXO3A-dependent autophagic cell death by disturbing calcium homeostasis in osteosarcoma cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 82:479-491. [PMID: 29987368 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3633-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteosarcoma is a common primary malignant bone tumour, and its cure rate has stagnated over the past 25-30 years. Brazilin, a purified natural product from sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.), has been proved to possess potent anti-cancer effects. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer effect of brazilin on human osteosarcoma and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. METHODS We exposed MG-63 cells to different concentrations of brazilin (5, 10 and 20 µM) for 24 h. Western blotting, immunocytofluorescence, luciferase reporter assays, and RT-PCR were used to evaluate whether brazilin activates FOXO family-dependent autophagy. RESULTS Brazilin increased autophagic flux in the human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63, as evidenced by the upregulation of LC3-II and the downregulation of P62/SQSTM1. Moreover, the pharmacological or genetic blockade of autophagy decreased brazilin-induced cell death, indicating that brazilin triggered autophagic cell death in MG-63 cells. Specifically, brazilin induced FOXO3A(Ser7) phosphorylation, activated FOXO3A nuclear translocation and increased FOXO3A reporter activity, which contributed to the expression of autophagy-related genes and subsequently initiated autophagic cell death in MG-63 cells. Importantly, the increased expression and nuclear translocation of FOXO3A were tightly related to the disturbance of calcium homeostasis, which could be prevented by chelating intracellular calcium. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data demonstrate that brazilin induces osteosarcoma cell death by inducing excessive autophagy, which is mediated through the Ca2+-FOXO3A pathway. Our study provides a new anti-tumour mechanism for brazilin treatment in osteosarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiheng He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yibiao Ye
- Department of Hepato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Peigen Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Bowen Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Zhuzhou, 412007, Hunan, China.
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166
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Hsiao YT, Kuo CL, Chueh FS, Liu KC, Bau DT, Chung JG. Curcuminoids Induce Reactive Oxygen Species and Autophagy to Enhance Apoptosis in Human Oral Cancer Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:1145-1168. [PMID: 29976081 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x1850060x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies support the use of herbal medicine or natural products for chemotherapy in human cancers. Reports have associated curcumin (CUR), dimethoxy curcumin (DMC) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) with numerous biological activities including anticancer activities, but no available information have shown that these induced apoptotic cell death and autophagy in human oral cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated the effect of CUR, DMC and BDMC on the cell viability, apoptotic cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca[Formula: see text], mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) and caspase activities using flow cytometry assay and autophagy by monodansylcadaverine (MDC) and acridine orange (AO) staining in human oral cancer SAS cells. Results indicated that CUR, DMC and BDMC decreased total viable cell number through the induction of cell autophagy and apoptosis in SAS cells. Cells were pretreated with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), 3-methyladenine (3MA), rapamycin and carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-[O-methyl]-fluoro-methylketone (Z-VAD-fmk) and then were treated with CUR, DMC and BDMC that led to increased total viable cell number when compared to CUR, DMC and BDMC treatments only. Results indicated induced apoptotic cell death through ROS, mitochondria-dependent pathway and induction of cell autophagy. Based on those observations, we suggest that CUR, DMC and BDMC could be used as a potential anticancer agent in human oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Ting Hsiao
- * Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- † Department of Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- ¶ Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ching Liu
- ‡ Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Da-Tian Bau
- § Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,** Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- * Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,∥ Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
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167
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Piao MJ, Ahn MJ, Kang KA, Ryu YS, Hyun YJ, Shilnikova K, Zhen AX, Jeong JW, Choi YH, Kang HK, Koh YS, Hyun JW. Particulate matter 2.5 damages skin cells by inducing oxidative stress, subcellular organelle dysfunction, and apoptosis. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:2077-2091. [PMID: 29582092 PMCID: PMC6002468 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the human body and the one mostly exposed to outdoor contaminants. To evaluate the biological mechanisms underlying skin damage caused by fine particulate matter (PM2.5), we analyzed the effects of PM2.5 on cultured human keratinocytes and the skin of experimental animals. PM2.5 was applied to human HaCaT keratinocytes at 50 µg/mL for 24 h and to mouse skin at 100 µg/mL for 7 days. The results indicate that PM2.5 induced oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species both in vitro and in vivo, which led to DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation. As a result, PM2.5 induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial swelling, and autophagy, and caused apoptosis in HaCaT cells and mouse skin tissue. The PM2.5-induced cell damage was attenuated by antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine, confirming that PM2.5 cellular toxicity was due to oxidative stress. These findings contribute to understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms triggered in the skin by PM2.5, among which oxidative stress may play a major role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Jing Piao
- Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Jung Ahn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ah Kang
- Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Seong Ryu
- Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jae Hyun
- Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kristina Shilnikova
- Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Ao Xuan Zhen
- Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kyoung Kang
- Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sang Koh
- Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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168
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Suh KS, Chon S, Choi EM. Protective effects of piceatannol on methylglyoxal-induced cytotoxicity in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:712-723. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1467010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Sik Suh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Choi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Republic of Korea
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169
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Ito T, Ando T, Suzuki-Karasaki M, Tokunaga T, Yoshida Y, Ochiai T, Tokuhashi Y, Suzuki-Karasaki Y. Cold PSM, but not TRAIL, triggers autophagic cell death: A therapeutic advantage of PSM over TRAIL. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:503-514. [PMID: 29845256 PMCID: PMC6017219 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and cold plasma-stimulated medium (PSM) are promising novel anticancer tools due to their strong anticancer activities and high tumor-selectivity. The present study demonstrated that PSM and TRAIL may trigger autophagy in human malignant melanoma and osteosarcoma cells. Live-cell imaging revealed that even under nutritional and stress-free conditions, these cells possessed a substantial level of autophagosomes, which were localized in the cytoplasm separately from tubular mitochondria. In response to cytotoxic levels of PSM, the mitochondria became highly fragmented, and aggregated and colocalized with the autophagosomes. The cytotoxic effects of PSM were suppressed in response to various pharmacological autophagy inhibitors, including 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and bafilomycin A1, thus indicating the induction of autophagic cell death (ACD). Lethal levels of PSM also resulted in non-apoptotic, non-autophagic cell death in a reactive oxygen species-dependent manner under certain circumstances. Furthermore, TRAIL exhibited only a modest cytotoxicity toward these tumor cells, and did not induce ACD and mitochondrial aberration. The combined use of TRAIL and subtoxic concentrations of 3-MA resulted in decreased basal autophagy, increased mitochondrial aberration, colocalization with autophagosomes and apoptosis. These results indicated that PSM may induce ACD, whereas TRAIL may trigger cytoprotective autophagy that compromises apoptosis. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate that PSM can induce ACD in human cancer cells. These findings provide a rationale for the advantage of PSM over TRAIL in the destruction of apoptosis-resistant melanoma and osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Ito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Takashi Ando
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yamanashi University School of Medicine, Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Miki Suzuki-Karasaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tokunaga
- Division of General Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yoshida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Toyoko Ochiai
- Department of Dermatology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo 101-8309, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Tokuhashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
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170
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Soni M, Patel Y, Markoutsa E, Jie C, Liu S, Xu P, Chen H. Autophagy, Cell Viability, and Chemoresistance Are Regulated By miR-489 in Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:1348-1360. [PMID: 29784669 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is postulated that the complexity and heterogeneity in cancer may hinder most efforts that target a single pathway. Thus, discovery of novel therapeutic agents targeting multiple pathways, such as miRNAs, holds promise for future cancer therapy. One such miRNA, miR-489, is downregulated in a majority of breast cancer cells and several drug-resistant breast cancer cell lines, but its role and underlying mechanism for tumor suppression and drug resistance needs further investigation. The current study identifies autophagy as a novel pathway targeted by miR-489 and reports Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) and lysosomal protein transmembrane 4 beta (LAPTM4B) to be direct targets of miR-489. Furthermore, the data demonstrate autophagy inhibition and LAPTM4B downregulation as a major mechanism responsible for miR-489-mediated doxorubicin sensitization. Finally, miR-489 and LAPTM4B levels were inversely correlated in human tumor clinical specimens, and more importantly, miR-489 expression levels predict overall survival in patients with 8q22 amplification (the region in which LAPTM4B resides).Implications: These findings expand the understanding of miR-489-mediated tumor suppression and chemosensitization in and suggest a strategy for using miR-489 as a therapeutic sensitizer in a defined subgroup of resistant breast cancer patients. Mol Cancer Res; 16(9); 1348-60. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithil Soni
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Yogin Patel
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Eleni Markoutsa
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Chunfa Jie
- Master of Science in Biomedical Sciences Program, Des Moines University, Des Moines, Iowa
| | - Shou Liu
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Peisheng Xu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Hexin Chen
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina. .,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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171
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Hsiao YT, Kuo CL, Lin JJ, Huang WW, Peng SF, Chueh FS, Bau DT, Chung JG. Curcuminoids combined with gefitinib mediated apoptosis and autophagy of human oral cancer SAS cells in vitro and reduced tumor of SAS cell xenograft mice in vivo. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:821-832. [PMID: 29717538 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Gefitinib has been used for cancer patients and curcumin (CUR), demethoxycurcumin (DMC), or bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) also shown to induce cancer cell apoptosis. However, no report shows the combination of gefitinib with, CUR, DMC, or BDMC induce cell apoptosis and autophagy in human oral cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of gefitinib with or without CUR, DMC, or BDMC co-treatment on the cell viability, apoptotic cell death, autophagy, mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), and caspase-3 activities by flow cytometry assay and autophagy by acridine orange (AO) staining in human oral cancer SAS cells. Results indicated that gefitinib co-treated with CUR, DMC, or BDMC decreased total viable cell number through the induction of cell apoptosis and autophagy and decreased the levels of MMP and increased caspase-3 activities in SAS cells. Western blotting indicated that gefitinib combined with CUR, DMC, or BDMC led to decrease Bcl-2 protein expression which is an antiapoptotic protein and to increase ATG5, Beclin 1, p62/SQSTM1, and LC3 expression that associated with cell autophagy in SAS cells. Gefitinib combined with CUR and DMC led to significantly reduce the tumor weights and volumes in SAS cell xenograft nude mice but did not affect the total body weights. Based on those observations, we suggest that the combination of gefitinib with CUR, DMC, and BDMC can be a potential anticancer agent for human oral cancer in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Ting Hsiao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Jyh Lin
- Division of Cardiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Da-Tian Bau
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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172
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Sooro MA, Zhang N, Zhang P. Targeting EGFR-mediated autophagy as a potential strategy for cancer therapy. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:2116-2125. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mopa Alina Sooro
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Pinghu Zhang
- Medical College, Institute of Translational Medicine, Yangzhou University; Yangzhou 225001 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases; Medical College, Yangzhou University; Yangzhou 225001 China
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173
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Fricker M, Tolkovsky AM, Borutaite V, Coleman M, Brown GC. Neuronal Cell Death. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:813-880. [PMID: 29488822 PMCID: PMC5966715 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00011.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 655] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cell death occurs extensively during development and pathology, where it is especially important because of the limited capacity of adult neurons to proliferate or be replaced. The concept of cell death used to be simple as there were just two or three types, so we just had to work out which type was involved in our particular pathology and then block it. However, we now know that there are at least a dozen ways for neurons to die, that blocking a particular mechanism of cell death may not prevent the cell from dying, and that non-neuronal cells also contribute to neuronal death. We review here the mechanisms of neuronal death by intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, oncosis, necroptosis, parthanatos, ferroptosis, sarmoptosis, autophagic cell death, autosis, autolysis, paraptosis, pyroptosis, phagoptosis, and mitochondrial permeability transition. We next explore the mechanisms of neuronal death during development, and those induced by axotomy, aberrant cell-cycle reentry, glutamate (excitoxicity and oxytosis), loss of connected neurons, aggregated proteins and the unfolded protein response, oxidants, inflammation, and microglia. We then reassess which forms of cell death occur in stroke and Alzheimer's disease, two of the most important pathologies involving neuronal cell death. We also discuss why it has been so difficult to pinpoint the type of neuronal death involved, if and why the mechanism of neuronal death matters, the molecular overlap and interplay between death subroutines, and the therapeutic implications of these multiple overlapping forms of neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fricker
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Aviva M Tolkovsky
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Vilmante Borutaite
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Michael Coleman
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Guy C Brown
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
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174
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Lai SL, Mustafa MR, Wong PF. Panduratin A induces protective autophagy in melanoma via the AMPK and mTOR pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 42:144-151. [PMID: 29655680 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting autophagy is emerging as a promising strategy in cancer therapeutics in recent years. Autophagy can be modulated to drive cancer cell deaths that are notoriously resistant to apoptotic-inducing drugs. In addition, autophagy has been implicated as a prosurvival mechanism in mediating cancer chemoresistance. Our previous study has demonstrated that Panduratin A (PA), a plant-derived active compound exploits ER-stress-mediated apoptosis as its cytotoxic mechanism on melanoma. PURPOSE Our previous proteomics analysis revealed that treatment with PA resulted in the upregulation of an autophagy marker, LC3B in melanoma cells. Therefore, the present study sought to investigate the role of PA-induced autophagy in melanoma cells. METHODS Transmission electron microscopy was performed for examination of autophagic ultra-structures in PA-treated A375 cells. Cytoplasmic LC3B and p62/SQSMT1 punctate structures were detected using immunofluorescene staining. Expression levels of LC3B II, p62/SQSMT1, ATG 12, Beclin 1, phospho S6 (ser235/236), phospho AMPK (Thr172) and cleaved PARP were evaluated by western blotting. RESULTS Autophagosomes, autolysosomes and punctuates of LC3 proteins could be observed in PA-treated A375 cells. PA-induced autophagy in A375 melanoma cells was found to be mediated through the inhibition of mTOR signaling and activation of AMPK pathway. Furthermore, we showed that PA-induced apoptosis was increased in the presence of an autophagy inhibitor, signifying the cytoprotective effect of PA-induced autophagy in melanoma cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, results from the present study suggest that the inhibition of autophagy by targeting mTOR and AMPK could potentiate the cytotoxicity effects of PA on melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew-Li Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Center for Natural Products and Drug Research (CENAR), University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - Pooi-Fong Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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175
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Lee TG, Jeong EH, Kim SY, Kim HR, Kim H, Kim CH. Fhit, a tumor suppressor protein, induces autophagy via 14-3-3τ in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:31923-31937. [PMID: 28404875 PMCID: PMC5458259 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of the fragile histidine triad (Fhit) gene has been reported in the majority of human cancers, particularly in lung cancer. The role of Fhit as a tumor suppressor gene has been well documented, and restoration of Fhit expression suppresses tumorigenicity in tumor cell lines and in mouse models by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation of tumor cells. Autophagy is a catabolic pathway, whereby cytoplasmic proteins and organelles are sequestered in vacuoles and delivered to lysosomes for degradation and recycling. Although autophagy is necessary for cell survival under stress conditions, recent studies have shown that autophagy can also promote cell death. Due to the fact that both autophagy induction and Fhit expression are commonly associated with nutrient starvation, we hypothesized that Fhit expression may be related to autophagy induction. In the present study, we assessed whether Fhit overexpression by gene transfer induces autophagy in Fhit-deficient non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. The results of our study indicate that Fhit protein induces autophagy in NSCLC cells, and that this autophagy prevents apoptotic cell death in vivo and in vitro in a 14-3-3τ protein-dependent manner. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to describe Fhit-induced autophagy. Suppressing autophagy might be a promising therapeutic option to enhance the efficacy of Fhit gene therapy in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Gul Lee
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Hui Jeong
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo Yun Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Ryoun Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunggee Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol-Hyeon Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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176
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Kapuy O, Papp D, Vellai T, Bánhegyi G, Korcsmáros T. Systems-Level Feedbacks of NRF2 Controlling Autophagy upon Oxidative Stress Response. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7030039. [PMID: 29510589 PMCID: PMC5874525 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the primary role of autophagy-dependent cellular self-eating is cytoprotective upon various stress events (such as starvation, oxidative stress, and high temperatures), sustained autophagy might lead to cell death. A transcription factor called NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2) seems to be essential in maintaining cellular homeostasis in the presence of either reactive oxygen or nitrogen species generated by internal metabolism or external exposure. Accumulating experimental evidence reveals that oxidative stress also influences the balance of the 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/rapamycin (mammalian kinase target of rapamycin or mTOR) signaling pathway, thereby inducing autophagy. Based on computational modeling here we propose that the regulatory triangle of AMPK, NRF2 and mTOR guaranties a precise oxidative stress response mechanism comprising of autophagy. We suggest that under conditions of oxidative stress, AMPK is crucial for autophagy induction via mTOR down-regulation, while NRF2 fine-tunes the process of autophagy according to the level of oxidative stress. We claim that the cellular oxidative stress response mechanism achieves an incoherently amplified negative feedback loop involving NRF2, mTOR and AMPK. The mTOR-NRF2 double negative feedback generates bistability, supporting the proper separation of two alternative steady states, called autophagy-dependent survival (at low stress) and cell death (at high stress). In addition, an AMPK-mTOR-NRF2 negative feedback loop suggests an oscillatory characteristic of autophagy upon prolonged intermediate levels of oxidative stress, resulting in new rounds of autophagy stimulation until the stress events cannot be dissolved. Our results indicate that AMPK-, NRF2- and mTOR-controlled autophagy induction provides a dynamic adaptation to altering environmental conditions, assuming their new frontier in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Kapuy
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Diána Papp
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tibor Vellai
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
- Genetics Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University (MTA-ELTE), Pázmány Péter stny. 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Bánhegyi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary.
- Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University (MTA-SE), Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Korcsmáros
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
- Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK.
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177
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Fulda S. Targeting autophagy for the treatment of cancer. Biol Chem 2018; 399:673-677. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Macroautophagy (herein termed autophagy) is evolutionarily highly conserved across eukaryotic cells and represents an intracellular catabolic process that targets damaged macromolecules and organelles for degradation. Autophagy is dysregulated in various human diseases including cancer. In addition, many drugs currently used for the treatment of cancer can engage autophagy, which typically promotes cancer cell survival by mitigating cellular stress. However, under certain circumstances activation of autophagy upon anticancer drug treatment can also trigger a lethal type of autophagy termed autophagic cell death (ACD). This may pave new avenues for exploiting the autophagic circuitry in oncology. This review presents the concept and some examples of anticancer drug-induced ACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Komturstr. 3a , D-60528 Frankfurt , Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) , Partner Site Frankfurt , 60590 Frankfurt , Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
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178
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Nozaki R, Kono T, Bochimoto H, Watanabe T, Oketani K, Sakamaki Y, Okubo N, Nakagawa K, Takeda H. Zanthoxylum fruit extract from Japanese pepper promotes autophagic cell death in cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:70437-70446. [PMID: 27626481 PMCID: PMC5342563 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Zanthoxylum fruit, obtained from the Japanese pepper plant (Zanthoxylum piperitum De Candolle), and its extract (Zanthoxylum fruit extract, ZFE) have multiple physiological activities (e.g., antiviral activity). However, the potential anticancer activity of ZFE has not been fully examined. In this study, we investigated the ability of ZFE to induce autophagic cell death (ACD). ZFE caused remarkable autophagy-like cytoplasmic vacuolization, inhibited cell proliferation, and ultimately induced cell death in the human cancer cell lines DLD-1, HepG2, and Caco-2, but not in A549, MCF-7, or WiDr cells. ZFE increased the level of LC3-II protein, a marker of autophagy. Knockdown of ATG5 using siRNA inhibited ZFE-induced cytoplasmic vacuolization and cell death. Moreover, in cancer cells that could be induced to undergo cell death by ZFE, the extract increased the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and the JNK inhibitor SP600125 attenuated both vacuolization and cell death. Based on morphology and expression of marker proteins, ZFE-induced cell death was neither apoptosis nor necrosis. Normal intestinal cells were not affected by ZFE. Taken together, our findings show that ZFE induces JNK-dependent ACD, which appears to be the main mechanism underlying its anticancer activity, suggesting a promising starting point for anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reo Nozaki
- Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Hokkaido University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toru Kono
- Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Hokkaido University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.,Center for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Sapporo Higashi-Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroki Bochimoto
- Department of Microscopic Anatomy and Cell Biology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Watanabe
- Department of Microscopic Anatomy and Cell Biology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kaori Oketani
- Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Hokkaido University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sakamaki
- Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Hokkaido University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naoto Okubo
- Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Hokkaido University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Koji Nakagawa
- Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Hokkaido University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeda
- Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Hokkaido University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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179
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Histone deacetylase inhibitor ITF2357 leads to apoptosis and enhances doxorubicin cytotoxicity in preclinical models of human sarcoma. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:20. [PMID: 29472530 PMCID: PMC5833676 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are rare tumors with generally poor prognosis, for which current therapies have shown limited efficacy. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are emerging anti-tumor agents; however, little is known about their effect in sarcomas. By using established and patient-derived sarcoma cells with different subtypes, we showed that the pan-HDACi, ITF2357, potently inhibited in vitro survival in a p53-independent manner. ITF2357-mediated cell death implied the activation of mitochondrial apoptosis, as attested by induction of pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins and a caspases-dependent mechanism. ITF2357 also induced autophagy, which protected sarcoma cells from apoptotic cell death. ITF2357 activated forkhead box (FOXO) 1 and 3a transcription factors and their downstream target genes, however, silencing of both FOXO1 and 3a did not protect sarcoma cells against ITF2357-induced apoptosis and upregulated FOXO4 and 6. Notably, ITF2357 synergized with Doxorubicin to induce cell death of established and patient-derived sarcoma cells. Furthermore, combination treatment strongly impaired xenograft tumor growth in vivo, when compared to single treatments, suggesting that combination of ITF2357 with Doxorubicin has the potential to enhance sensitization in different preclinical models of sarcoma. Overall, our study highlights the therapeutic potential of ITF2357, alone or in rational combination therapies, for bone and soft tissue sarcomas management.
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180
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Das CK, Linder B, Bonn F, Rothweiler F, Dikic I, Michaelis M, Cinatl J, Mandal M, Kögel D. BAG3 Overexpression and Cytoprotective Autophagy Mediate Apoptosis Resistance in Chemoresistant Breast Cancer Cells. Neoplasia 2018; 20:263-279. [PMID: 29462756 PMCID: PMC5852393 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Target-specific treatment modalities are currently not available for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and acquired chemotherapy resistance is a primary obstacle for the treatment of these tumors. Here we employed derivatives of BT-549 and MDA-MB-468 TNBC cell lines that were adapted to grow in the presence of either 5-Fluorouracil, Doxorubicin or Docetaxel in an aim to identify molecular pathways involved in the adaptation to drug-induced cell killing. All six drug-adapted BT-549 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines displayed cross resistance to chemotherapy and decreased apoptosis sensitivity. Expression of the anti-apoptotic co-chaperone BAG3 was notably enhanced in two thirds (4/6) of the six resistant lines simultaneously with higher expression of HSP70 in comparison to parental controls. Doxorubicin-resistant BT-549 (BT-549rDOX20) and 5-Fluorouracil-resistant MDA-MB-468 (MDA-MB-468r5-FU2000) cells were chosen for further analysis with the autophagy inhibitor Bafilomycin A1 and lentiviral depletion of ATG5, indicating that enhanced cytoprotective autophagy partially contributes to increased drug resistance and cell survival. Stable lentiviral BAG3 depletion was associated with a robust down-regulation of Mcl-1, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, restoration of drug-induced apoptosis and reduced cell adhesion in these cells, and these death-sensitizing effects could be mimicked with the BAG3/Hsp70 interaction inhibitor YM-1 and by KRIBB11, a selective transcriptional inhibitor of HSF-1. Furthermore, BAG3 depletion was able to revert the EMT-like transcriptional changes observed in BT-549rDOX20 and MDA-MB-468r5-FU2000 cells. In summary, genetic and pharmacological interference with BAG3 is capable to resensitize TNBC cells to treatment, underscoring its relevance for cell death resistance and as a target to overcome therapy resistance of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kanta Das
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Benedikt Linder
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Bonn
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Rothweiler
- Institute for Medical Virology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Michaelis
- Institute for Medical Virology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; School of Biosciences, The University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute for Medical Virology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Donat Kögel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany.
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181
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Chen L, Li G, Peng F, Jie X, Dongye G, Cai K, Feng R, Li B, Zeng Q, Lun K, Chen J, Xu B. The induction of autophagy against mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in lung cancer cells by a ruthenium (II) imidazole complex. Oncotarget 2018; 7:80716-80734. [PMID: 27811372 PMCID: PMC5348350 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, it was found that the ruthenium (II) imidazole complex [Ru(Im)4(dppz)]2+ (Ru1) could induce significant growth inhibition and apoptosis in A549 and NCI-H460 cells. Apart from the induction of apoptosis, it was reported for the first time that Ru1 induced an autophagic response in A549 and NCI-H460 cells as evidenced by the formation of autophagosomes, acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs), and the up-regulation of LC3-II. Furthermore, scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by antioxidant NAC or Tiron inhibited the release of cytochrome c, caspase-3 activity, and eventually rescued cancer cells from Ru1-mediated apoptosis, suggesting that Ru1 inducing apoptosis was partially caspase 3-dependent by triggering ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in A549 and NCI-H460 cells. Further study indicated that the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway was involved in Ru1-induced autophagy in A549 and NCI-H460 cells. Moreover, blocking autophagy using pharmacological inhibitors 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and chloroquine (CQ) enhanced Ru1-induced apoptosis, indicating the cytoprotective role of autophagy in Ru1-treated A549 and NCI-H460 cells. Finally, the in vivo mice bearing A549 xenografts, Ru1 dosed at 10 or 20 mg/kg significantly inhibited tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanmei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Guodong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Fa Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Xinming Jie
- Analysis Centre of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Guangzhi Dongye
- Analysis Centre of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Kangrong Cai
- Analysis Centre of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Ruibing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Baojun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Qingwang Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Kaiyi Lun
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Jincan Chen
- Analysis Centre of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nature Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Bilian Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nature Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
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182
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Li W, Li J, Wang Y, Zhang K, Li N, Tian Z, Ni B, Wang H, Ruan Z. Sphingosine kinase 1 is a potential therapeutic target for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:80586-80598. [PMID: 27811359 PMCID: PMC5348343 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) has been shown to be involved in the progression of various types of human cancers. We previously demonstrated that SPHK1 is overexpressed and associated with clinical stage, locoregional recurrence, distant metastasis and poor prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, the biological roles involving SPHK1 and its potential usefulness as a therapeutic target in NPC remain unknown. In this study, Blocking SPHK1 using siRNA or FTY720 (a SPHK1 inhibitor) significantly reduced proliferation and migration and increased cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in NPC cells. FTY720 also decreased SPHK1 activity, and overexpressing SPHK1 abrogated the FTY720-induced effects on cell viability. In addition, FTY720 sensitized NPC cells to radiotherapy by inhibiting SPHK1 activity in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, high SPHK1 expression was associated with increased Ki-67 and p-Akt and decreased caspase-3 expression in human NPC specimens. These data suggest that SPHK1 might be a potential therapeutic target for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Li
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Yunchao Wang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Keqian Zhang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Ni Li
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Tian
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Bing Ni
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China.,Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Huaizhi Wang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Zhihua Ruan
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
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183
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Sun X, Yang Y, Zhong XZ, Cao Q, Zhu XH, Zhu X, Dong XP. A negative feedback regulation of MTORC1 activity by the lysosomal Ca 2+ channel MCOLN1 (mucolipin 1) using a CALM (calmodulin)-dependent mechanism. Autophagy 2018; 14:38-52. [PMID: 29460684 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1389822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that is required for cellular homeostasis, growth and survival. The lysosome plays an essential role in autophagy regulation. For example, the activity of MTORC1, a master regulator of autophagy, is regulated by nutrients within the lysosome. Starvation inhibits MTORC1 causing autophagy induction. Given that MTORC1 is critical for protein synthesis and cellular homeostasis, a feedback regulatory mechanism must exist to restore MTORC1 during starvation. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this feedback regulation is unclear. In this study, we report that starvation activates the lysosomal Ca2+ release channel MCOLN1 (mucolipin 1) by relieving MTORC1's inhibition of the channel. Activated MCOLN1 in turn facilitates MTORC1 activity that requires CALM (calmodulin). Moreover, both MCOLN1 and CALM are necessary for MTORC1 reactivation during prolonged starvation. Our data suggest that lysosomal Ca2+ signaling is an essential component of the canonical MTORC1-dependent autophagy pathway and MCOLN1 provides a negative feedback regulation of MTORC1 to prevent excessive loss of MTORC1 function during starvation. The feedback regulation may be important for maintaining cellular homeostasis during starvation, as well as many other stressful or disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Sun
- a Department of Physiology and Biophysics , Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building , Halifax , Nova Scotia, Canada.,d Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education , Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University , Changchun , Jilin , China
| | - Yiming Yang
- a Department of Physiology and Biophysics , Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building , Halifax , Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Xi Zoë Zhong
- a Department of Physiology and Biophysics , Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building , Halifax , Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Qi Cao
- a Department of Physiology and Biophysics , Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building , Halifax , Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Xin-Hong Zhu
- b Institute of Mental Health, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,c Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- d Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education , Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University , Changchun , Jilin , China
| | - Xian-Ping Dong
- a Department of Physiology and Biophysics , Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building , Halifax , Nova Scotia, Canada
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184
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Sun Y, Huang YH, Huang FY, Mei WL, Liu Q, Wang CC, Lin YY, Huang C, Li YN, Dai HF, Tan GH. 3'-epi-12β-hydroxyfroside, a new cardenolide, induces cytoprotective autophagy via blocking the Hsp90/Akt/mTOR axis in lung cancer cells. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:2044-2060. [PMID: 29556372 PMCID: PMC5858516 DOI: 10.7150/thno.23304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Cardenolides have potential as anticancer drugs. 3′-epi-12β-hydroxyfroside (HyFS) is a new cardenolide structure isolated by our research group, but its molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigates the relationship between its antitumor activities and autophagy in lung cancer cells. Methods: Cell growth and proliferation were detected by MTT, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine (EDU) and colony formation assays. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Autophagic and signal proteins were detected by Western blotting. Markers of autophagy and autophagy flux were also detected by immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy and acridine orange staining. Real time RT-PCR was used to analyze the gene expression of Hsp90. Hsp90 ubiquitination was detected by coimmunoprecipitation. The antitumore activities of HyFS were observed in nude mice. Results: HyFS treatment inhibited cell proliferation and induced autophagy in A549 and H460 lung cancer cells, but stronger inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of cell apoptosis were shown when HyFS-mediated autophagy was blocked. The Hsp90/Akt/mTOR axis was found to be involved in the activation of HyFS-mediated autophagy. Evidence of direct interaction between Hsp90 and Akt was observed. HyFS treatment resulted in decreased levels of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and phosphorylated Akt, overexpression of Hsp90 increased activation of autophagy, and inhibition of Hsp90 expression decreased autophagy. In addition, ubiquitin-mediated degradation of Hsp90 and subsequent dephosphorylation of its client protein Akt were also found in HyFS-treated lung cancer cells. Moreover, combination treatment with HyFS and chloroquine showed remarkably increased tumor inhibition in both A549- and H460-bearing mice. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that HyFS induced cytoprotective autophagy through ubiquitin-mediated degradation of Hsp90, which further blocked the Akt/mTOR pathway in lung cancer cells. Thus, a combination of a HyFS-like cardenolide and an autophagic inhibitor is a potential alternative approach for the treatment of lung cancer.
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185
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Ding GB, Sun J, Wu G, Li B, Yang P, Li Z, Nie G. Robust Anticancer Efficacy of a Biologically Synthesized Tumor Acidity-Responsive and Autophagy-Inducing Functional Beclin 1. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:5227-5239. [PMID: 29359549 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As a potent autophagy inducer, Beclin 1 is essential for the initiation of autophagic cell death, and triggering extensive autophagy by targeted delivery of Beclin 1 to tumors has enormous potential to inhibit tumor growth. Yet, the therapeutic application of Beclin 1 is hampered by its inability to internalize into cells and nonselective biodistribution in vivo. To tackle this challenge, we employed a novel Beclin 1 delivery manner by constructing a functional protein (Trx-pHLIP-Beclin 1, TpB) composed of a thioredoxin (Trx) tag, a pH low insertion peptide (pHLIP), and an evolutionarily conserved motif of Beclin 1. This protein could effectively transport Beclin 1 to breast and ovarian cancer cell lines under weakly acidic conditions (pH 6.5), markedly inhibit tumor cell growth and proliferation, and induce obvious autophagy. Furthermore, the in vivo antitumor efficacy of the functional Beclin 1 against an SKOV3 xenograft tumor mouse model was tested via intravenous injection. TpB preferentially accumulated in tumors and exhibited a significantly higher tumor growth inhibition than the nontargeted Beclin 1 control, whereas no overt side effects were observed. Taken together, this study sheds light on the potential application of TpB as a highly efficient yet safe antitumor agent for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, China
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186
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Li C, Yang L, Wu H, Dai M. Paeonol Inhibits Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Vascular Endothelial Cells Autophagy by Upregulating the Expression of miRNA-30a. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:95. [PMID: 29472864 PMCID: PMC5809422 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeonol from Cortex Moutan root is a potential therapeutic agent for atherosclerosis (AS). However, its mechanisms of action are still not fully understood. Vascular endothelial cells (VECs) autophagy plays a vital role in the initiation and progression of AS. In this study, we aim to investigate whether the protective effect of paeonol on ox-LDL-induced VECs injury by regulating autophagy. To address this question, we used ox-LDL-induced rat VECs as a model system to elucidate the protective effect of paeonol on VECs injury. This study displayed that ox-LDL (100 mg/L) treatment inhibited VEC growth in dose- and time-dependent manners, paeonol (60 μM) shown potential in inhibiting ox-LDL-induced death. Furthermore, paeonol significantly reduced ox-LDL-induced the formation of autophagy vacuoles and the expression of LC3II in VECs. Further double-luciferase reporter assay shown that miR-30a specifically binds to the 3′-UTR of Beclin-1 mRNA in VECs. Moreover, we found that ox-LDL decreased miR-30a and increased Beclin-1 expression, pretreatment with paeonol could reverse the process of regulation in dose-dependent manners. In ox-LDL treated VECs, transfection with a miR-30a mimic significantly increased miR-30a expression and inhibited Beclin-1 and LC3II expression, thus enhanced the protective effects of paeonol. Whereas transfection with a miR-30a inhibitor significantly decreased miR-30a expression and increased Beclin-1 and LC3II expression, thus attenuated the protective effects of paeonol. In conclusion, this study has, for the ?rst time, highlighted that miR-30a might be a critical target of paeonol against ox-LDL-induced VECs injury by inhibiting excessive autophagy. Paeonol may be one of promising candidate drug for treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hongfei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Min Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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187
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Abstract
Beneficial symbiotic associations, ubiquitously found in nature, have led to the emergence of eukaryotic cells, the bacteriocytes, specialized in harboring microbial partners. One of the most fundamental questions concerning these enigmatic cells is how organismal homeostasis controls their elimination. Here we report that aphid bacteriocytes have evolved a form of cell death distinct from the conserved cell-death mechanisms hitherto characterized. This cell-death mechanism is a nonapoptotic multistep process that starts with the hypervacuolation of the endoplasmic reticulum, followed by a cascade of cellular stress responses. Our findings provide a framework to study biological functioning of bacteriocytes and the cellular mechanisms associated with symbiosis and contribute to the understanding of eukaryotic cell-death diversity. Symbiotic associations play a pivotal role in multicellular life by facilitating acquisition of new traits and expanding the ecological capabilities of organisms. In insects that are obligatorily dependent on intracellular bacterial symbionts, novel host cells (bacteriocytes) or organs (bacteriomes) have evolved for harboring beneficial microbial partners. The processes regulating the cellular life cycle of these endosymbiont-bearing cells, such as the cell-death mechanisms controlling their fate and elimination in response to host physiology, are fundamental questions in the biology of symbiosis. Here we report the discovery of a cell-death process involved in the degeneration of bacteriocytes in the hemipteran insect Acyrthosiphon pisum. This process is activated progressively throughout aphid adulthood and exhibits morphological features distinct from known cell-death pathways. By combining electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and molecular analyses, we demonstrated that the initial event of bacteriocyte cell death is the cytoplasmic accumulation of nonautophagic vacuoles, followed by a sequence of cellular stress responses including the formation of autophagosomes in intervacuolar spaces, activation of reactive oxygen species, and Buchnera endosymbiont degradation by the lysosomal system. We showed that this multistep cell-death process originates from the endoplasmic reticulum, an organelle exhibiting a unique reticular network organization spread throughout the entire cytoplasm and surrounding Buchnera aphidicola endosymbionts. Our findings provide insights into the cellular and molecular processes that coordinate eukaryotic host and endosymbiont homeostasis and death in a symbiotic system and shed light on previously unknown aspects of bacteriocyte biological functioning.
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188
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Xipell E, Gonzalez-Huarriz M, Martinez de Irujo JJ, García-Garzón A, Lang FF, Jiang H, Fueyo J, Gomez-Manzano C, Alonso MM. Salinomycin induced ROS results in abortive autophagy and leads to regulated necrosis in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:30626-41. [PMID: 27121320 PMCID: PMC5058706 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most frequent malignant brain tumor. Even with aggressive treatment, prognosis for patients is poor. One characteristic of glioblastoma cells is its intrinsic resistance to apoptosis. Therefore, drugs that induce alternative cell deaths could be interesting to evaluate as alternative therapeutic candidates for glioblastoma. Salinomycin (SLM) was identified through a chemical screening as a promising anticancer drug, but its mechanism of cell death remains unclear. In the present work we set out to elucidate how SLM causes cell death in glioblastoma cell lines (both established cell lines and brain tumor stem cell lines), aiming to find a potential antitumor candidate. In addition, we sought to determine the mechanism of action of SLM so that this mechanism can be can be exploited in the fight against cancer. Our data showed that SLM induces a potent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress followed by the trigger of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and an aberrant autophagic flux that culminated in necrosis due to mitochondria and lysosomal alterations. Of importance, the aberrant autophagic flux was orchestrated by the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Alleviation of ROS production restored the autophagic flux. Altogether our data suggest that in our system the oxidative stress blocks the autophagic flux through lipid oxidation. Importantly, oxidative stress could be instructing the type of cell death in SLM-treated cells, suggesting that cell death modality is a dynamic concept which depends on the cellular stresses and the cellular mechanism activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Xipell
- The Health Research Institute of Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Foundation for the Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marisol Gonzalez-Huarriz
- The Health Research Institute of Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Foundation for the Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | - Fred F Lang
- Brain Tumor Center, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Brain Tumor Center, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Juan Fueyo
- Brain Tumor Center, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Marta M Alonso
- The Health Research Institute of Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Foundation for the Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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189
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Frentzel J, Sorrentino D, Giuriato S. Targeting Autophagy in ALK-Associated Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:E161. [PMID: 29186933 PMCID: PMC5742809 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9120161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process, which is used by the cells for cytoplasmic quality control. This process is induced following different kinds of stresses e.g., metabolic, environmental, or therapeutic, and acts, in this framework, as a cell survival mechanism. However, under certain circumstances, autophagy has been associated with cell death. This duality has been extensively reported in solid and hematological cancers, and has been observed during both tumor development and cancer therapy. As autophagy plays a critical role at the crossroads between cell survival and cell death, its involvement and therapeutic modulation (either activation or inhibition) are currently intensively studied in cancer biology, to improve treatments and patient outcomes. Over the last few years, studies have demonstrated the occurrence of autophagy in different Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK)-associated cancers, notably ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), Neuroblastoma (NB), and Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). In this review, we will first briefly describe the autophagic process and how it can lead to opposite outcomes in anti-cancer therapies, and we will then focus on what is currently known regarding autophagy in ALK-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Frentzel
- Merck Serono S.A., Route de Fenil 25, Z.I. B, 1804 Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland.
| | - Domenico Sorrentino
- Inserm, UMR1037, CNRS, ERL5294, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, CRCT, F-31000 Toulouse, France.
| | - Sylvie Giuriato
- Inserm, UMR1037, CNRS, ERL5294, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, CRCT, F-31000 Toulouse, France.
- European Research Initiative on ALK-related malignancies (ERIA).
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138.
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190
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Dasari SK, Schejter E, Bialik S, Shkedy A, Levin-Salomon V, Levin-Zaidman S, Kimchi A. Death by over-eating: The Gaucher disease associated gene GBA1, identified in a screen for mediators of autophagic cell death, is necessary for developmental cell death in Drosophila midgut. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:2003-2010. [PMID: 28933588 PMCID: PMC5731414 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1380134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is critical for homeostasis and cell survival during stress, but can also lead to cell death, a little understood process that has been shown to contribute to developmental cell death in lower model organisms, and to human cancer cell death. We recently reported 1 on our thorough molecular and morphologic characterization of an autophagic cell death system involving resveratrol treatment of lung carcinoma cells. To gain mechanistic insight into this death program, we performed a signalome-wide RNAi screen for genes whose functions are necessary for resveratrol-induced death. The screen identified GBA1, the gene encoding the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase, as an important mediator of autophagic cell death. Here we further show the physiological relevance of GBA1 to developmental cell death in midgut regression during Drosophila metamorphosis. We observed a delay in midgut cell death in two independent Gba1a RNAi lines, indicating the critical importance of Gba1a for midgut development. Interestingly, loss-of-function GBA1 mutations lead to Gaucher Disease and are a significant risk factor for Parkinson Disease, which have been associated with defective autophagy. Thus GBA1 is a conserved element critical for maintaining proper levels of autophagy, with high levels leading to autophagic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Dasari
- a Department of Molecular Genetics , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot , Israel
| | - Eyal Schejter
- a Department of Molecular Genetics , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot , Israel
| | - Shani Bialik
- a Department of Molecular Genetics , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot , Israel
| | - Aya Shkedy
- a Department of Molecular Genetics , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot , Israel
| | - Vered Levin-Salomon
- a Department of Molecular Genetics , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot , Israel
| | - Smadar Levin-Zaidman
- b Department of Chemical Research Support , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot , Israel
| | - Adi Kimchi
- a Department of Molecular Genetics , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot , Israel
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191
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Chen D, Liu D, Chen Z. Potential therapeutic implications of miRNAs in osteosarcoma chemotherapy. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317705762. [PMID: 28933259 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317705762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone cancer in young adults and adolescents. Drug resistance is the main cause leading to therapeutical failure. The mechanisms of drug resistance of osteosarcoma have not been fully understood. Notably, recent researches associate microRNA with drug resistance in osteosarcoma cells, raising the awareness that targeting microRNAs may help in chemotherapy success. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms linking microRNAs to drug resistance and ongoing researches on microRNAs in drug response to osteosarcoma. In addition, the therapeutic potential of microRNAs in chemotherapy will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, P.R. China
| | - Ding Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, P.R. China
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192
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Suh KS, Chon S, Choi EM. Cytoprotective effects of xanthohumol against methylglyoxal-induced cytotoxicity in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 38:180-192. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Sik Suh
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Choi
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
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193
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Matsuda H, Campion CG, Fujiwara K, Ikeda J, Cossette S, Verissimo T, Ogasawara M, Gaboury L, Saito K, Yamaguchi K, Takahashi S, Endo M, Fukuda N, Soma M, Hamet P, Tremblay J. HCaRG/COMMD5 inhibits ErbB receptor-driven renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:69559-69576. [PMID: 29050225 PMCID: PMC5642500 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension-related, calcium-regulated gene (HCaRG/COMMD5) is highly expressed in renal proximal tubules, where it contributes to the control of cell proliferation and differentiation. HCaRG accelerates tubular repair by facilitating re-differentiation of injured proximal tubular epithelial cells, thus improving mouse survival after acute kidney injury. Sustained hyper-proliferation and de-differentiation are important hallmarks of tumor progression. Here, we demonstrate that cancer cells overexpressing HCaRG maintain a more differentiated phenotype, while several of them undergo autophagic cell death. Its overexpression in mouse renal cell carcinomas led to smaller tumor size with less tumor vascularization in a homograft tumor model. Mechanistically, HCaRG promotes de-phosphorylation of the proto-oncogene erythroblastosis oncogene B (ErbB)2/HER2 and epigenetic gene silencing of epidermal growth factor receptor and ErbB3 via promoter methylation. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase, AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin which mediate ErbB-dowstream signaling pathways are inactivated by HCaRG expression. In addition, HCaRG is underexpressed in human renal cell carcinomas and more expressed in normal tissue adjacent to renal cell carcinomas of patients with favorable prognosis. Taken together, our data suggest a role for HCaRG in the inhibition of tumor progression as a natural inhibitor of the ErbB signals in cancer and as a potential prognostic marker for renal cell carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Matsuda
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada, H2X 0A9
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1J4
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 173-8610
| | - Carole G. Campion
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada, H2X 0A9
| | - Kyoko Fujiwara
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 173-8610
| | - Jin Ikeda
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 173-8610
| | - Suzanne Cossette
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada, H2X 0A9
| | - Thomas Verissimo
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada, H2X 0A9
| | - Maiko Ogasawara
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 173-8610
| | - Louis Gaboury
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavillon Marcelle-Coutu, Québec, Canada, H3T 1J4
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1J4
| | - Kosuke Saito
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 173-8610
| | - Kenya Yamaguchi
- Department of Urology, Nihon University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 173-8610
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Urology, Nihon University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 173-8610
| | - Morito Endo
- Faculty of Human Health Science, Hachinohe Gakuin University, Hachinohe, Aomori, Japan, 031-8588
| | - Noboru Fukuda
- University Research Center, Nihon University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 102-8251
| | - Masayoshi Soma
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 173-8610
| | - Pavel Hamet
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada, H2X 0A9
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1J4
| | - Johanne Tremblay
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada, H2X 0A9
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1J4
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194
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Jiang F. Autophagy in vascular endothelial cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 43:1021-1028. [PMID: 27558982 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The importance of autophagy in cardiovascular physiology and cardiovascular disease is increasingly recognized; however, the precise biological effects and underlying mechanisms of autophagy in the cardiovascular system are still poorly understood. In the last few years, the effects of autophagy in endothelial cells have attracted great interests. This article provides a summary of our current knowledge on the regulatory factors, signalling mechanisms, and functional outcomes of autophagy in endothelial cells. It is suggested that in most situations, induction of an autophagic response has cytoprotective effects. The beneficial effects of autophagy in endothelial cells are likely to be context-dependent, since autophagy may also contribute to cell death under certain circumstances. In addition to regulating endothelial cell survival or death, autophagy is also involved in modulating other important functions, such as nitric oxide production, angiogenesis and haemostasis/thrombosis. The mounting data will help us draw a clear picture of the roles of autophagy in endothelial cell biology and dysfunction. Given the pivotal role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of vascular disease, disruptions of autophagy in endothelial cells are likely to have significant contributions. This is supported by some preliminary ex vivo data indicating that compromised autophagic functions may be important in the development of endothelial dysfunctions associated with diabetes and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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195
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AKT2 suppresses pro-survival autophagy triggered by DNA double-strand breaks in colorectal cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3019. [PMID: 28837154 PMCID: PMC5596597 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are critical DNA lesions, which threaten genome stability and cell survival. DSBs are directly induced by ionizing radiation (IR) and radiomimetic agents, including the cytolethal distending toxin (CDT). This bacterial genotoxin harbors a unique DNase-I-like endonuclease activity. Here we studied the role of DSBs induced by CDT and IR as a trigger of autophagy, which is a cellular degradation process involved in cell homeostasis, genome protection and cancer. The regulatory mechanisms of DSB-induced autophagy were analyzed, focusing on the ATM-p53-mediated DNA damage response and AKT signaling in colorectal cancer cells. We show that treatment of cells with CDT or IR increased the levels of the autophagy marker LC3B-II. Consistently, an enhanced formation of autophagosomes and a decrease of the autophagy substrate p62 were observed. Both CDT and IR concomitantly suppressed mTOR signaling and stimulated the autophagic flux. DSBs were demonstrated as the primary trigger of autophagy using a DNase I-defective CDT mutant, which neither induced DSBs nor autophagy. Genetic abrogation of p53 and inhibition of ATM signaling impaired the autophagic flux as revealed by LC3B-II accumulation and reduced formation of autophagic vesicles. Blocking of DSB-induced apoptotic cell death by the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD stimulated autophagy. In line with this, pharmacological inhibition of autophagy increased cell death, while ATG5 knockdown did not affect cell death after DSB induction. Interestingly, both IR and CDT caused AKT activation, which repressed DSB-triggered autophagy independent of the cellular DNA-PK status. Further knockdown and pharmacological inhibitor experiments provided evidence that the negative autophagy regulation was largely attributable to AKT2. Finally, we show that upregulation of CDT-induced autophagy upon AKT inhibition resulted in lower apoptosis and increased cell viability. Collectively, the findings demonstrate that DSBs trigger pro-survival autophagy in an ATM- and p53-dependent manner, which is curtailed by AKT2 signaling.
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196
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Feng ZL, Zhang LL, Zheng YD, Liu QY, Liu JX, Feng L, Huang L, Zhang QW, Lu JJ, Lin LG. Norditerpenoids and Dinorditerpenoids from the Seeds of Podocarpus nagi as Cytotoxic Agents and Autophagy Inducers. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:2110-2117. [PMID: 28719204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nine new norditerpenoids and dinorditerpenoids, 2-oxonagilactone A (1), 7β-hydroxynagilactone D (2), nagilactones K and L (3 and 4), 3β-hydroxynagilactone L (5), 2β-hydroxynagilactone L (6), 3-epi-15-hydroxynagilactone D (7), 1α-chloro-2β,3β,15-trihydroxynagilactone L (8), and 15-hydroxynagilactone L (9), were isolated from the seeds of Podocarpus nagi, along with eight known analogues. The structures of the new compounds were established based on detailed NMR and HRESIMS analysis, as well as from their ECD spectra. The absolute configuration of the known compound 1-deoxy-2α-hydroxynagilactone A (16) was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All of the isolates were tested for their cytotoxic activities against cancer cells. The results indicated that compounds 4 and 6, as well as several known compounds, displayed cytotoxicity against A2780 and HEY cancer cells. Among the new compounds, 2β-hydroxynagilactone L (6) showed IC50 values of less than 2.5 μM against the two cell lines used. Furthermore, compound 6 induced autophagic flux in A2780 cells, as evidenced by an enhanced expression level of the autophagy marker phosphatidylethanolamine-modified microtubule-associated protein light-chain 3 (LC3-II) and increased mRFP-GFP-LC3 puncta. Also, compound 6 activated the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, while pretreatment with the JNK inhibitor SP600125 decreased compound 6-induced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Ling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Le-Le Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Dong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Natural Products Chemistry Department, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Natural Products Chemistry Department, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Gen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, People's Republic of China
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197
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Warnsmann V, Meyer N, Hamann A, Kögel D, Osiewacz HD. A novel role of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in (-)-gossypol-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 170:45-58. [PMID: 28684269 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Gossypol, a natural polyphenolic compound from cotton seeds, is known to trigger different forms of cell death in various types of cancer. Gossypol acts as a Bcl-2 inhibitor that induces apoptosis in apoptosis-competent cells. In apoptosis-resistant cancers such as glioblastoma, it triggers a non-apoptotic type of cell death associated with increased oxidative stress, mitochondrial depolarisation and fragmentation. In order to investigate the impact of gossypol on mitochondrial function, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and on oxidative stress in more detail, we used the aging model Podospora anserina that lacks endogenous Bcl-2 proteins. We found that treatment with gossypol selectively increases hydrogen peroxide levels and impairs mitochondrial respiration in P. anserina, apoptosis-deficient Bax/Bak double knockout mouse embryonal fibroblasts and glioblastoma cells. Significantly, we provide evidence that CYPD-mediated opening of the mPTP is required for gossypol-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy and cell death during organismic aging of P. anserina and in glioblastoma cells. Overall, these data provide new insights into the role of the mPTP and autophagy in the antitumor effects of gossypol, a natural compound that is clinically developed for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Warnsmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences and Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt 'Macromolecular Complexes', Department of Biosciences, J. W. Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nina Meyer
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 7, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andrea Hamann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences and Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt 'Macromolecular Complexes', Department of Biosciences, J. W. Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Donat Kögel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 7, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Heinz D Osiewacz
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences and Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt 'Macromolecular Complexes', Department of Biosciences, J. W. Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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198
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Inhibition of autophagy aggravated 4-nitrophenol-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in NHPrE1 human normal prostate epithelial progenitor cells. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 87:88-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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199
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Shi L, Li H, Zhan Y. All-trans retinoic acid enhances temozolomide-induced autophagy in human glioma cells U251 via targeting Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2709-2714. [PMID: 28927033 PMCID: PMC5588105 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the retinoic acid (RA) enhancement of temozolomide (TMZ) effects on the human glioma cells U251 and explored its underlying molecular mechanism. The cell growth was detected using the MTT assay and the cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometry. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V/propidium iodide staining, and the cell morphology was evaluated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Additionally, reverse transcription-PCR and western blot analysis were applied to detect the mRNA and protein levels. The RA treatment in combination with TMZ in the human U251 cells further inhibited cells growth, arresting cell cycle progression at the G0/G1 phase, and significantly induced apoptosis of U251 cells. After the RA+TMZ treatment of U251 cells, autophagy associated proteins Beclin 1 and LC3B were significantly increased, and the TEM analysis were consistent with autophagy protein levels. Moreover, Keap1/Nrf2/ARE expression was downregulated significantly, indicating the involvement in the mechanisms that RA treatment could enhance the TMZ effects on U251 cells. RA treatment in combination with TMZ may provide some experimental evidence for the possible effect of RA+TMZ against the growth and the proliferation of glioma cells. Therefore, the RA+TMZ administration may have potential utility for glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong 253014, P.R. China
| | - Hongyuan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong 253014, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhan
- Department of Pathology, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong 253014, P.R. China
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200
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Ji Y, Ma Y, Chen X, Ji X, Gao J, Zhang L, Ye K, Qiao F, Dai Y, Wang H, Wen X, Lin J, Hu J. Microvesicles released from human embryonic stem cell derived-mesenchymal stem cells inhibit proliferation of leukemia cells. Oncol Rep 2017. [PMID: 28627682 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cell derived-mesenchymal stem cells (hESC‑MSCs) are able to inhibit proliferation of leukemia cells. Microvesicles released from human embryonic stem cell derived-mesenchymal stem cells (hESC‑MSC‑MVs) might play an important part in antitumor activity. Microvesicles were isolated by ultracentrifugation and identified under a scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscope separately. After 48-h cocultured with hESC‑MSCs and hESC‑MSC‑MVs, the number of K562 and HL60 was counted and tumor cell viability was measured by CCK8 assay. The expression of proteins Bcl-2 and Bax were estimated by western blotting. Transmission electron microscope and western blot analysis were adopted to evaluate the autophagy level. Results showed that both hESC‑MSCs and hESC‑MSC‑MVs inhibited proliferation of leukemia cells in a concentration-dependent manner. hESC‑MSC‑MVs reduced the ratio of Bcl/Bax, enhanced the protein level of Beclin-1 and LC3-II conversion, thus upregulating autophagy and apoptosis. In conclusion, microvesicles released from human embryonic stem cell derived-mesenchymal stem cells inhibited tumor growth and stimulated autophagy and excessive autophagy might induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ji
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Yongbin Ma
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Chen
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Xianyan Ji
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Jianyi Gao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Kai Ye
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Fuhao Qiao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Yao Dai
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Xiangmei Wen
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, P.R. China
| | - Jiabo Hu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
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